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{{About|the Lakota sub-tribe|the musical group|Brulé (band)| Métis people|Bois-Brûlés|other uses|Brule (disambiguation){{!}}Brule}}
{{Short description|Traditional tribal grouping within the Lakota people}}
{{Redirect|Brulé|the musical group|Brulé (band)| Métis people|Bois-Brûlés|other uses|Brule (disambiguation){{!}}Brule}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
{{Infobox ethnic group
|group=Sicangu<br/>Brulé
|group=Sičhą́ǧu<br/>Brulé
|image=[[File:Janeen antoine sisseton.jpg|180px]]
|image=[[File:Janeen antoine sisseton.jpg|180px]]
|caption=Janeen Antoine (Sicangu Lakota), curator and educator<ref>[http://imgs.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/e/a/1995/11/12/METRO13240.dtl&hw=feeds&sn=342&sc=222 "Native American Heritage Month: S.F. gallery director wins praise for breaking with past."]{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''San Francisco Chronicle.'' 12 Nov 1995 (retrieved 20 Dec 2009)</ref>
|caption=Janeen Antoine (Sičhą́ǧu Lakóta), curator and educator<ref>[http://imgs.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/e/a/1995/11/12/METRO13240.dtl&hw=feeds&sn=342&sc=222 "Native American Heritage Month: S.F. gallery director wins praise for breaking with past."]{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''San Francisco Chronicle.'' 12 Nov 1995 (retrieved 20 Dec 2009)</ref>
|poptime=
|poptime=
|popplace= {{Flag|United States}}<br/>({{Flag|South Dakota}})
|popplace= [[United States]]<br/>([[South Dakota]])
|rels=traditional tribal religion, [[Sun Dance]],<br/>[[Native American Church]], [[Christianity]]
|rels=traditional tribal religion, [[Sun Dance]],<br/>[[Native American Church]], [[Christianity]]
|langs=[[Lakota language|Lakota]], [[English language|English]]
|langs=[[Lakȟóta language|Lakȟóta]], [[English language|English]]
|related=other [[Lakota people]])
|related=other [[Lakȟóta people]]
}}
}}


The '''Sicangu''' are one of the seven ''oyates'', nations or council fires, of [[Lakota people]],<ref name="roots">{{cite web |last1=Howe |first1=Craig |last2=Katz |first2=Abe |title=Traditional Lakota Governance |url=https://rootstalk.grinnell.edu/past-issues/volume-i-issue-1/howe-katz/ |website=Rootstalk |publisher=Center for Prairie Studies |access-date=23 June 2024 |date=Spring 2015}}</ref> an [[Indigenous people of the Northern Plains]]. Today, many Sicangu people are enrolled citizens of the [[Rosebud Sioux Tribe of the Rosebud Indian Reservation]] and [[Lower Brule Sioux Tribe of the Lower Brule Reservation]] in [[South Dakota]].
The '''Brulé''' are one of the seven branches or bands (sometimes called "sub-tribes") of the Teton (Titonwan) [[Lakota people|Lakota]] [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indian]] people. They are known as '''Sičháŋǧu Oyáte''' (in [[Lakota language|Lakota]]), or "Burnt Thighs Nation", and so, were called Brûlé (literally "burnt") by the French. The name may have derived from an incident where they were fleeing through a grass fire on the plains.


==Distribution==
==Distribution==
Many Sicangu people live on the [[Rosebud Indian Reservation]] in southwestern South Dakota and are enrolled in the [[federally recognized]] [[Rosebud Sioux Tribe]], known as Sicangu Oyate. A smaller population lives on the [[Lower Brule Indian Reservation]], on the west bank of the [[Missouri River]] in central South Dakota. Others live on [[Pine Ridge Indian Reservation]]. The different [[federally recognized tribe]]s are politically independent of each other.
Many Sičhą́ǧu people live on the [[Rosebud Indian Reservation]] in southwestern South Dakota and are enrolled in the [[federally recognized]] [[Rosebud Sioux Tribe]], also known in Lakȟóta as the ''Sičhą́ǧu Oyáte.'' A smaller population lives on the [[Lower Brule Indian Reservation]], on the west bank of the [[Missouri River]] in central South Dakota, and on the [[Pine Ridge Indian Reservation]], also in South Dakota, directly west of the [[Rosebud Indian Reservation]]. The different [[federally recognized tribe]]s are politically independent of each other.


==Name==
== Name ==
The Sicangu Lakota are known as '''Sičhą́ǧu Oyáte''' in [[Lakota language|Lakȟóta]], which translates to "Burnt Thighs Nation". Learning the meaning of their name, the French called them the ''Brûlé'', also Brulé, meaning "burnt". The name may have derived from an incident where they were fleeing through a grass fire on the plains.
⚫
[[File:72dpi full page with word.tif|thumb|Sičhą́ǧu]]


⚫
[[File:72dpi full page with word.tif|thumb|Sičhą́ǧu]]
The term "Sičhą́ǧu" appears on pages 3 to 14 of ''Beginning Lakhota''.<ref>''Beginning Lakhota, Volume 1'' (Boulder: University of Colorado Lakhota Project, 1976).</ref>
The term "Sičhą́ǧu" appears on pages 3 to 14 of ''Beginning Lakhóta''.<ref>''Beginning Lakhóta, Volume 1'' (Boulder: University of Colorado Lakhóta Project, 1976).</ref>


<blockquote>
<blockquote>
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</blockquote>
</blockquote>


It appears to be a compound word of the Thítȟųwą Lakȟóta dialect meaning "burned thigh".<ref>{{cite book|title=Famous Indians of Northwest Nebraska|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FqchAAAAMAAJ|year=1983|publisher=Chadron Centennial Committee|page=34}}</ref>
It appears to be a compound word of the Thítȟųwą Lakȟóta dialect, meaning "burned thigh".<ref>{{cite book|title=Famous Indians of Northwest Nebraska|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FqchAAAAMAAJ|year=1983|publisher=Chadron Centennial Committee|page=34}}</ref>


== Historic Brulé Tiyošpaye or bands ==
== Historic Sicangu Thiyóšpaye or bands ==
Together with the [[Oglala Lakota]], who are mostly based at the [[Pine Ridge Indian Reservation]]. They are often called ''Southern Lakota''. They were divided in three great regional tribal divisions:
Together with the [[Oglála Lakȟóta]], who are mostly based at the [[Pine Ridge Indian Reservation]], they are often called ''Southern Lakȟóta''.


They were divided in three great regional tribal divisions:
⚫
* '''Lower Brulé''' (''Kul Wicasa Oyate'', ″Lowland People″, lived along the [[White River (Missouri River)|White River]] to its mouth into the [[Missouri River]] (Mnišoše) as well in the Missouri River Valley in South Dakota, some ventured south to the [[Niobrara River]])<ref>[http://www.lbst.org/ Lower Brule]</ref>
⚫
* '''Upper Brulé''' (''Heyata Wicasa Oyate'' - ″Highland People″, ventured further south and west onto the Plains along the [[Platte River]] between the North and South Platte River in Nebraska in the search for buffalo, the allied [[Southern Cheyenne]] and [[Southern Arapaho]] welcomed them as strong allies to this lands which they had further claimed, along the [[Loup River]] - the former center of the [[Skidi|Skidi or Wolf/Loup Pawnee]]. They went down south to plunder enemy Pawnee and Arikara camps, therefore also known as: ''Kheyatawhichasha'' - ″People away from the (Missouri) River″)
⚫
* '''(Upper) Brulé of the Platte River''' (actually a splinter group of the Upper Brulé and the southernmost Brulé group, generally along the [[South Platte River]] in Colorado with hunting bands south to the [[Republican River]] - home to the enemy ''Kithehaki / Kitkehaxki'' of the [[Pawnee people|South Bands Pawnee]], also known as: ''Kheyatawhichasha'' - ″People away from the (Missouri) River″)


⚫
* '''Lower Brulé''' (''Khúl Wičháša Oyáte'', "Lowland People", lived along the [[White River (Missouri River)|White River]] to its mouth at the [[Missouri River]] (Mnišóše) as well in the Missouri River Valley in South Dakota; some ventured south to the [[Niobrara River]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.lbst.org/ |title=Lower Brule |access-date=2010-02-06 |archive-date=2015-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502042403/http://www.lbst.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
⚫
According to the Brulé Medicine Bull (Tatánka Wakan), the people were decentralized and identified with the following ''tiyošpaye'' or extended family groups who collected in various local ''tiwahe'' (English: camps or family circles):
⚫
* '''Upper Brulé''' (''Ȟeyáta Wičháša Oyáte'' - ″Highland People″, ventured further south and west onto the Plains along the [[Platte River]] between the North and South Platte River in Nebraska in the search for buffalo. The allied [[Southern Cheyenne]] and [[Southern Arapaho]] welcomed them as strong allies to this lands which they had further claimed, along the [[Loup River]] - the former center of the [[Skidi Pawnee]]. They went south to plunder enemy Pawnee and Arikara camps, and were therefore also known as: ''Kheyatawhichasha'' - ″People away from the (Missouri) River″)
⚫
* '''(Upper) Brulé of the Platte River''' (a splinter group of the Upper Brulé and the southernmost Sicangu group, generally along the [[South Platte River]] in Colorado, with hunting bands south to the [[Republican River]] - home to the enemy ''Kithehaki / Kitkehaxki'' of the [[Pawnee people|South Bands Pawnee]], also known as: ''Kheyatawhichasha'' - ″People away from the (Missouri) River″)

⚫
According to the Sicangu Medicine Bull (Tatȟą́ka Wakȟą́), the people were decentralized and identified with the following ''thiyóšpaye'', or extended family groups, who collected in various local ''thiwáhe'' (English: camps or family circles):


* Apewantanka
* Apewantanka
* Chokatowela
* Chokatowela
* Ihanktonwan
* Ihanktonwan
* Iyakoza{{refn|Also spelled ''A-a-ko-za'' or ''Aakoza''.<ref name="clark">{{cite book |last1=Clark |first1=Patricia Roberts |title=Tribal Names of the Americas: Spelling Variants and Alternative Forms, Cross-Referenced |date=21 October 2009 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-7864-5169-2 |page=10 |language=en}}</ref>}}
* Iyakoza
* Kanghi yuha
* Kanghi yuha
* Nakhpakhpa
* Nakhpakhpa
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* Waleghaunwohan
* Waleghaunwohan


==[[Ethnobotany]]==
==Ethnobotany==
The Brulé give pulverized roots [[Asclepias viridiflora]] to children with diarrhea. Nursing mothers take an infusion of the whole plant to increase their milk.<ref>Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, ''Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD''. Rosebud Educational Society, page 34</ref> They brew the leaves of [[Ceanothus herbaceus]] into a tea.<ref>Rogers, Dilwyn J., 1980, ''Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD''. Rosebud Educational Society, page 56</ref>
The Sicangu give pulverized roots of [[green comet milkweed]] (''[[Asclepias viridiflora]]'') to children with diarrhea. Nursing mothers take an infusion of the whole plant to increase their milk flow.<ref>Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, ''Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD''. Rosebud Educational Society, page 34</ref> They brew the leaves of [[prairie redroot]] (''[[Ceanothus herbaceus]]'') into a tea.<ref>Rogers, Dilwyn J., 1980, ''Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD''. Rosebud Educational Society, page 56</ref>


==Notable Sicangu (Brulé)==
==Notable Sicangu==
[[File:Brule Chief Iron Nation.jpg|thumb|180px|Chief Iron Nation]]
[[File:Brule Chief Iron Nation.jpg|thumb|180px|Chief Iron Nation]]
* [[Bob Barker]] Game Show Host
* [[Pappy Boyington]], WWII Marine Corps fighter ace and Medal of Honor recipient
* [[Mary Brave Bird]], author
* [[Mary Brave Bird]], author
* [[Leonard Crow Dog]], spiritual leader, [[American Indian Movement]] activist
* [[Leonard Crow Dog]], spiritual leader, [[American Indian Movement]] activist
* [[Paul Eagle Star]] (1866-24 August 1891), performer with [[Buffalo Bill#Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Tours Europe|Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show]]
* [[Paul Eagle Star]] (1866-24 August 1891), performer with [[Buffalo Bill#Buffalo Bill's Wild West tours of Europe|Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show]]
* [[Hollow Horn Bear]], chief
* [[Hollow Horn Bear]], chief
* [[Iron Nation]], chief
* [[Iron Nation]], chief
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* [[Little Thunder]], chief
* [[Little Thunder]], chief
* [[Arnold Short Bull]], a well-known Sicangu holy man, who brought the [[Ghost Dance]] to the Lakota in [[South Dakota]] in 1890
* [[Arnold Short Bull]], a well-known Sicangu holy man, who brought the [[Ghost Dance]] to the Lakota in [[South Dakota]] in 1890
* [[Ben Reifel|Lone Feather]], Republican public administrator from South Dakota, first Lakota elected to the U.S. House of Representatives
* [[Michael Spears]], actor
* [[Michael Spears]], actor
* [[Eddie Spears]], actor
* [[Eddie Spears]], actor
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|year=1970
|year=1970
|isbn=0-553-11979-6}}</ref>
|isbn=0-553-11979-6}}</ref>
* [[Nellie Star Boy Menard]], quiltmaker
* [[Moses Stranger Horse]], artist
* [[Moses Stranger Horse]], artist
* [[Two Strike (Chief)|Two Strike]], chief
* [[Two Strike (Chief)|Two Strike]], chief
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* [http://www.rosebudsiouxtribe-nsn.gov/ Official website of the Sicangu Oyate], Rosebud Sioux Tribe
* [http://www.rosebudsiouxtribe-nsn.gov/ Official website of the Sicangu Oyate], Rosebud Sioux Tribe
* [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/siouan/brulehist.htm Indian genealogy]
* [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/siouan/brulehist.htm Indian genealogy]
* [http://www.lbst.org/ Official website of the Kul Wicasa Oyate (Lower Brule)]
* [https://www.lowerbrulesiouxtribe.com/ Official website of the Kul Wicasa Oyate (Lower Brule)]

{{Authority control}}


⚫
[[Category:Sicangu| ]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Brule}}
⚫
[[Category:Brulé| ]]
[[Category:Great Sioux War of 1876]]
[[Category:Great Sioux War of 1876]]

Revision as of 18:17, 23 June 2024

"Brulé" redirects here. For the musical group, see Brulé (band). For Métis people, see Bois-Brûlés. For other uses, see Brule.
Sičhą́ǧu
Brulé
Janeen Antoine (Sičhą́ǧu Lakóta), curator and educator[1]
Regions with significant populations
United States
(South Dakota)
Languages
Lakȟóta, English
Religion
traditional tribal religion, Sun Dance,
Native American Church, Christianity
Related ethnic groups
other Lakȟóta people

The Sicangu are one of the seven oyates, nations or council fires, of Lakota people,[2] an Indigenous people of the Northern Plains. Today, many Sicangu people are enrolled citizens of the Rosebud Sioux Tribe of the Rosebud Indian Reservation and Lower Brule Sioux Tribe of the Lower Brule Reservation in South Dakota.

Distribution

Many Sičhą́ǧu people live on the Rosebud Indian Reservation in southwestern South Dakota and are enrolled in the federally recognized Rosebud Sioux Tribe, also known in Lakȟóta as the Sičhą́ǧu Oyáte. A smaller population lives on the Lower Brule Indian Reservation, on the west bank of the Missouri River in central South Dakota, and on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, also in South Dakota, directly west of the Rosebud Indian Reservation. The different federally recognized tribes are politically independent of each other.

Name

The Sicangu Lakota are known as Sičhą́ǧu Oyáte in Lakȟóta, which translates to "Burnt Thighs Nation". Learning the meaning of their name, the French called them the Brûlé, also Brulé, meaning "burnt". The name may have derived from an incident where they were fleeing through a grass fire on the plains.

Sičhą́ǧu

The term "Sičhą́ǧu" appears on pages 3 to 14 of Beginning Lakhóta.[3]

"Ká Lakȟóta kį líla hą́ske. 'That Indian (over yonder) is very tall.'"
"Hą, hé Sičhą́ǧú. 'Yes, that's a Rosebud Sioux.'"

It appears to be a compound word of the Thítȟųwą Lakȟóta dialect, meaning "burned thigh".[4]

Historic Sicangu Thiyóšpaye or bands

Together with the Oglála Lakȟóta, who are mostly based at the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, they are often called Southern Lakȟóta.

They were divided in three great regional tribal divisions:

  • Lower Brulé (Khúl Wičháša Oyáte, "Lowland People", lived along the White River to its mouth at the Missouri River (Mnišóše) as well in the Missouri River Valley in South Dakota; some ventured south to the Niobrara River).[5]
  • Upper Brulé (Ȟeyáta Wičháša Oyáte - ″Highland People″, ventured further south and west onto the Plains along the Platte River between the North and South Platte River in Nebraska in the search for buffalo. The allied Southern Cheyenne and Southern Arapaho welcomed them as strong allies to this lands which they had further claimed, along the Loup River - the former center of the Skidi Pawnee. They went south to plunder enemy Pawnee and Arikara camps, and were therefore also known as: Kheyatawhichasha - ″People away from the (Missouri) River″)
  • (Upper) Brulé of the Platte River (a splinter group of the Upper Brulé and the southernmost Sicangu group, generally along the South Platte River in Colorado, with hunting bands south to the Republican River - home to the enemy Kithehaki / Kitkehaxki of the South Bands Pawnee, also known as: Kheyatawhichasha - ″People away from the (Missouri) River″)

According to the Sicangu Medicine Bull (Tatȟą́ka Wakȟą́), the people were decentralized and identified with the following thiyóšpaye, or extended family groups, who collected in various local thiwáhe (English: camps or family circles):

  • Apewantanka
  • Chokatowela
  • Ihanktonwan
  • Iyakoza[7]
  • Kanghi yuha
  • Nakhpakhpa
  • Pispiza wichasha
  • Shawala
  • Shiyolanka
  • Wacheunpa
  • Waleghaunwohan

Ethnobotany

The Sicangu give pulverized roots of green comet milkweed (Asclepias viridiflora) to children with diarrhea. Nursing mothers take an infusion of the whole plant to increase their milk flow.[8] They brew the leaves of prairie redroot (Ceanothus herbaceus) into a tea.[9]

Notable Sicangu

Chief Iron Nation

See also

References

  1. ^ "Native American Heritage Month: S.F. gallery director wins praise for breaking with past."[permanent dead link] San Francisco Chronicle. 12 Nov 1995 (retrieved 20 Dec 2009)
  2. ^ Howe, Craig; Katz, Abe (Spring 2015). "Traditional Lakota Governance". Rootstalk. Center for Prairie Studies. Retrieved 23 June 2024.
  3. ^ Beginning Lakhóta, Volume 1 (Boulder: University of Colorado Lakhóta Project, 1976).
  4. ^ Famous Indians of Northwest Nebraska. Chadron Centennial Committee. 1983. p. 34.
  5. ^ "Lower Brule". Archived from the original on 2015-05-02. Retrieved 2010-02-06.
  6. ^ Clark, Patricia Roberts (21 October 2009). Tribal Names of the Americas: Spelling Variants and Alternative Forms, Cross-Referenced. McFarland. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-7864-5169-2.
  7. ^ Also spelled A-a-ko-za or Aakoza.[6]
  8. ^ Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Society, page 34
  9. ^ Rogers, Dilwyn J., 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Society, page 56
  10. ^ Brown, Dee (1970). Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee, ch. 6. Bantam Books. ISBN 0-553-11979-6.
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