Harnessed bushbuck: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Species of mammal}} |
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{{Disputed|date=October 2017}} |
{{Disputed|date=October 2017}} |
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{{speciesbox |
{{speciesbox |
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| image_caption = Male |
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| image2 = Bushbucks (Tragelaphus scriptus) female and young (6017312458).jpg |
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| image2_caption= Female and young |
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| name = Bushbuck |
| name = Bushbuck |
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| genus = Tragelaphus |
| genus = Tragelaphus |
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| species = scriptus |
| species = scriptus |
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The '''bushbuck''' (''Tragelaphus |
The '''northern bushbuck''' ('''''Tragelaphus scriptus''''') or '''harnessed bushbuck''', is a medium-sized [[antelope]], widespread in [[Sub-Saharan Africa|sub-Saharan-Africa]]. The northern bushbuck species has been separated from the [[Cape bushbuck]], a southern and eastern species.<ref>Moodley Y, Bruford MW, Bleidorn C, Wronski T, Apio A, Plath M (2008) Analysis of mitochondrial DNA data reveals non-monophyly in the bushbuck (''Tragelaphus scriptus'') complex. ''Mammalian Biology'', {{doi|10.1016/j.mambio.2008.05.003}}</ref><ref>Wronski T, Moodley Y. (2009) Bushbuck, harnessed antelope or both? ''Gnusletter'', '''28'''(1):18-19.</ref><ref name=":0" /> |
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==Taxonomy== |
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{{cladogram|align=left|title= |
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|caption=Phylogenetic relationships of the mountain nyala from combined analysis of all molecular data (Willows-Munro et.al. 2005) |
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|cladogram={{clade | style=font-size:90%;line-height:100%;width:300px; |
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|1=[[Giant eland]] |
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|2=[[Common eland]]}} |
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|1=[[Greater kudu]] |
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|1=[[Mountain nyala]] |
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|1=[[Bongo (antelope)|Bongo]] |
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|2=[[Sitatunga]]}} |
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|1=[[Cape bushbuck]] |
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|2='''Northern bushbuck''' }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} |
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|2=[[Lowland nyala]]}} |
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|2=[[Lesser kudu]] }} }} }} }} }} }} |
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In a 2007 study, 19 genetically-based groupings were found, some of which do not correspond to previously described subspecies; eight of these were grouped under the nominate taxon. Former subspecies included as synonyms to the nominate taxon are ''phaleratus'', ''bor'' and ''dodingae''.<ref name=Moodley2007>Moodley Y, Bruford MW. (2007) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1866246/ Molecular biogeography: Towards an integrated framework for conserving pan-African biodiversity]. ''PLoS ONE''. 2:e454.</ref> |
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Hassanin et al. (2018)<ref name=":0">Hassanin A, Houck ML, Tshikung D, Kadjo B, Davis H, Ropiquet A (2018) Multi-locus phylogeny of the tribe Tragelaphini (Mammalia, Bovidae) and species delimitation in bushbuck: Evidence for chromosomal speciation mediated by interspecific hybridization. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 129: 96-105.</ref> found an mtDNA/nuclear DNA discordance between ''scriptus'' and ''sylvaticus clades''. Their phylogenetic analyses showed that the ''scriptus'' (northern) lineage is a sister-group of ''sylvaticus'' (southern) lineage in the nuclear tree, whereas it has nyala (''Tragelaphus angasii)'' haplotypes in the mitochondrial tree. They also found different karyotypes (chromosome numbers and arrangements), with those of ''scriptu''s deriving from the nyala. They concluded that ''scriptus'' (but not ''sylvaticus'') had hybridized with an "extinct species closely related to ''T. angasii''" in ancient times; and that "the division into two bushbuck species is supported by the analyses of nuclear markers and by the karyotype...". |
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The bushbuck is in general smaller than other tragelaphines, with a mainly red or yellow-brown ground colour. It is conspicuously striped with several vertical and at least one horizontal stripe. The conspicuousness of its patterning tends to attenuate slightly in a west to east cline along the species range, being least striking in the ''decula'' population of Ethiopia. |
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19 genetically-based groupings were found in a 2007 study, some do not correspond to previously described subspecies, eight of these were grouped under the nominate taxon. This nominate ''scriptus'' population occurs in west Africa including Senegal, [[Gambia]], [[Guinea]] and [[Sierra Leone]], while two populations occur along the upper and lower Volta River valley in [[Ghana]], respectively, one in the Niger Basin in [[Nigeria]] as far east as the Cross River, ''phaleratus'' south of the Bamenda Highlands through [[Cameroon]], Gabon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo to northern [[Angola]], ''bor'' from [[Lake Chad]] and the [[Chari River]] across the Central African Republic to the [[Nile]], and lastly ''dodingae'' east of the Nile in lowland areas of southern [[Sudan]] and northern [[Uganda]].<ref>Moodley Y, Bruford MW. (2007) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1866246/ Molecular biogeography: Towards an integrated framework for conserving pan-African biodiversity]. ''PLoS ONE''. 2:e454.</ref> |
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Bushbucks in general are smaller are than other tragelaphines, with a mainly red or yellow-brown ground color. According to Moodley ''et al''., the males of the West African population are more often striped than those in East or Southern Africa, although bushbucks with striping occur throughout the range. |
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==Distribution== |
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Bushbuck are known by the [[common name]] of ''kéwel'' in the [[Wolof language]] spoken in Senegal. In French the antelopes are referred to as ''guib harnaché'', i.e. 'harnessed'.<ref>Wronski T, Moodley Y. (2009) Bushbuck, harnessed antelope or both? ''Gnusletter'', '''28'''(1):18-19.</ref> |
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The nominate taxon occurs in Senegal, [[Gambia]], [[Guinea]], [[Sierra Leone]], [[Ghana]] and in the Niger Basin in [[Nigeria]] as far east as the Cross River, south of the Bamenda Highlands through [[Cameroon]], [[Chad]], the Central African Republic to the [[Nile]] in [[South Sudan]] and northern [[Uganda]], Gabon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo to northern [[Angola]].<ref name=Moodley2007/> |
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==Ecology== |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Latest revision as of 11:32, 26 June 2024
 | This article's factual accuracy is disputed. (October 2017) |
| Bushbuck | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Artiodactyla |
| Family: | Bovidae |
| Subfamily: | Bovinae |
| Genus: | Tragelaphus |
| Species: | T. scriptus
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| Binomial name | |
| Tragelaphus scriptus (Pallas, 1766)
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The northern bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus) or harnessed bushbuck, is a medium-sized antelope, widespread in sub-Saharan-Africa. The northern bushbuck species has been separated from the Cape bushbuck, a southern and eastern species.[1][2][3]
Taxonomy
[edit]
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| Phylogenetic relationships of the mountain nyala from combined analysis of all molecular data (Willows-Munro et.al. 2005) |
In a 2007 study, 19 genetically-based groupings were found, some of which do not correspond to previously described subspecies; eight of these were grouped under the nominate taxon. Former subspecies included as synonyms to the nominate taxon are phaleratus, bor and dodingae.[4]
Hassanin et al. (2018)[3] found an mtDNA/nuclear DNA discordance between scriptus and sylvaticus clades. Their phylogenetic analyses showed that the scriptus (northern) lineage is a sister-group of sylvaticus (southern) lineage in the nuclear tree, whereas it has nyala (Tragelaphus angasii) haplotypes in the mitochondrial tree. They also found different karyotypes (chromosome numbers and arrangements), with those of scriptus deriving from the nyala. They concluded that scriptus (but not sylvaticus) had hybridized with an "extinct species closely related to T. angasii" in ancient times; and that "the division into two bushbuck species is supported by the analyses of nuclear markers and by the karyotype...".
As the first of the bushbucks to be described by Pallas in 1766 as Antilope scripta from Senegal, it retains the original species name for the bushbuck, corrected for gender.
Description
[edit]Bushbucks in general are smaller are than other tragelaphines, with a mainly red or yellow-brown ground color. According to Moodley et al., the males of the West African population are more often striped than those in East or Southern Africa, although bushbucks with striping occur throughout the range.
Distribution
[edit]The nominate taxon occurs in Senegal, Gambia, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ghana and in the Niger Basin in Nigeria as far east as the Cross River, south of the Bamenda Highlands through Cameroon, Chad, the Central African Republic to the Nile in South Sudan and northern Uganda, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo to northern Angola.[4]
Ecology
[edit]It is common across its broad geographic distribution and is found in wooded savannas, forest-savanna mosaics, rainforests, in montane forests and semi-arid zones. It does not occur in the deep rainforests of the central Congo Basin.
References
[edit]- ^ Moodley Y, Bruford MW, Bleidorn C, Wronski T, Apio A, Plath M (2008) Analysis of mitochondrial DNA data reveals non-monophyly in the bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus) complex. Mammalian Biology, doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2008.05.003
- ^ Wronski T, Moodley Y. (2009) Bushbuck, harnessed antelope or both? Gnusletter, 28(1):18-19.
- ^ a b Hassanin A, Houck ML, Tshikung D, Kadjo B, Davis H, Ropiquet A (2018) Multi-locus phylogeny of the tribe Tragelaphini (Mammalia, Bovidae) and species delimitation in bushbuck: Evidence for chromosomal speciation mediated by interspecific hybridization. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 129: 96-105.
- ^ a b Moodley Y, Bruford MW. (2007) Molecular biogeography: Towards an integrated framework for conserving pan-African biodiversity. PLoS ONE. 2:e454.