Nuciruptor: Difference between revisions

Nuciruptor; Temporal range: Middle Miocene (Laventan); ~13.5–13.0 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Primates
Suborder:	Haplorhini
Infraorder:	Simiiformes
Family:	Pitheciidae
Subfamily:	Pitheciinae
Genus:	†Nuciruptor; Meldrum & Kay 1997
Species
	N. rubricae (type);

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Nuciruptor is an extinct genus of New World monkeys from the Middle Miocene (Laventan in the South American land mammal ages; 13.8 to 11.8 million years ago). Its remains have been found at the Konzentrat-Lagerstätte of La Venta in the Honda Group of Colombia. The type species is N. rubricae.^[1]

Etymology

The generic name Nuciruptor rubricae is derived from the Latin nuci ("nut") and ruptor meaning "to break".^[2] The specific rubricae refers to the red beds where the fossils have been found.^[3]

Description

A lower mandible fossil of Nuciruptor was discovered in the El Cardón redbeds of the Cerro Colorado Member of the Villavieja Formation, Honda Group, just below the San Francisco Sandstone, which has been dated to the Laventan, about 12.8 ± 0.2 million years old.^[2] From the same locality, fossils of Saimiri annectens were recovered.^[4]

Nuciruptor resembles living pitheciins in having elongated, procumbent, and styliform lower incisors with very weak lingual heels. Moreover, as in living pitheciins, the incisors are set in a procumbently oriented mandibular symphysis, and its mandibular corpus deepens appreciably under the molars. At the same time, Nuciruptor does not possess several of the distinctive synapomorphies of extant pitheciins. Nuciruptor remains more primitive than living pitheciins in that no diastemata separate its lower incisors from the canines. Its lower canines retain the primitive structure in not having a sharply defined protocristid. P2 is not a robust or high-crowned tooth and does not have a metaconid. Neither are the other premolars molarised by the addition of large talonids.^[5] The estimated weight of Nuciruptor was 2,000 grams (4.4 lb).^[6] The genus shows similarity with another fossil primate from La Venta, Cebupithecia.^[7]

As Cebupithecia, Nuciruptor is thought to be an ancestral saki (Pitheciidae).^[8]^[9]

Habitat

The Honda Group, and more precisely the "Monkey Beds", are the richest site for fossil primates in South America.^[10] The monkeys of the Honda Group arguably were living in habitat that was in contact with the Amazon and Orinoco Basins, and that La Venta itself was probably seasonally dry forest.^[11]

References

^ Nuciruptor rubricae in the Paleobiology Database
^ ^a ^b Kay & Meldrum, 1997, p.409
^ Kay & Meldrum, 1997, p.410
^ Kay & Meldrum, 1997, p.437
^ Kay & Meldrum, 1997, p.421
^ Silvestro, 2017, p.14
^ Defler, 2004, p.34
^ Takai et al., 2001, p.290
^ Tejedor, 2013, p.28
^ Rosenberger & Hartwig, 2001, p.3
^ Lynch Alfaro et al., 2015, p.520

Bibliography

Defler, Thomas (2004), Historia natural de los primates colombianos (PDF), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, pp. 1–613, retrieved 2017-09-24
Kay, Richard F.; Meldrum, D. Jeffrey (1997), The Miocene Fauna of La Venta, Colombia - A new small platyrrhine from the Miocene of Colombia and the phyletic position of the callitrichines, Smithsonian Institution Press, pp. 435–458, retrieved 2017-09-24
Lynch Alfaro, Jessica W.; Cortés Ortiz, Liliana; Di Fiore, Anthony; Boubli, Jean P. (2015), "Special issue: Comparative biogeography of Neotropical primates" (PDF), Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 82: 518–529, Bibcode:2015MolPE..82..518L, doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.09.027, PMID 25451803, retrieved 2017-09-24
Meldrum, D. Jeffrey; Kay, Richard F. (1997), "Nuciruptor rubricae, a New Pitheciin Seed Predator From the Miocene of Colombia", American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 102 (3): 407–427, doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199703)102:3<407::AID-AJPA8>3.0.CO;2-R, PMID 9098507, retrieved 2017-09-24
Rosenberger, Alfred L.; Hartwig, Walter Carl (2001), "New World Monkeys" (PDF), Encyclopedia of Life Sciences: 1–4, retrieved 2017-09-24
Silvestro, Daniele; Tejedor, Marcelo F.; Serrano Serrano, Martha L.; Loiseau, Oriane; Rossier, Victor; Rolland, Jonathan; Zizka, Alexander; Antonelli, Alexandre; Salamin, Nicolas (2017), "Evolutionary history of New World monkeys revealed by molecular and fossil data" (PDF), BioRxiv: 1–32, retrieved 2017-09-24
Takai, Masanaru; Anaya, Federico; Suzuki, Hisashi; Shigehara, Nobuo; Setoguchi, Takeshi (2001), "A New Platyrrhine from the Middle Miocene of La Venta, Colombia, and the Phyletic Position of Callicebinae", Anthropological Science, Tokyo, 109 (4): 289–307, doi:10.1537/ase.109.289, retrieved 2017-09-24
Tejedor, Marcelo F (2013), "Sistemática, evolución y paleobiogeografía de los primates Platyrrhini" (PDF), Revista del Museo de La Plata, 20: 20–39, retrieved 2017-09-24

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Extinct genus of monkeys}}
-{{italic title}}
+{{Automatic taxobox
-{{Taxobox
-| name = ''Nuciruptor''
 | image =
+| image_caption =
-| fossil_range = [[Miocene]] {{fossil range|12.8}}
+| fossil_range=[[Miocene|Middle Miocene]] ([[Laventan]])<br/>~{{fossil range|13.5|13.0}}
-| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
-| phylum = [[Chordata]]
+| taxon = Nuciruptor
+| authority = Meldrum & Kay 1997
-| classis = [[Mammal]]ia
-| ordo = [[Primate]]s
+| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
+| subdivision =
-| familia = [[Pitheciidae]]
+* '''''N. rubricae''''' ([[type species|type]])
-| subfamilia = [[Pitheciinae]]
-| tribus = [[Pitheciini]]
-| genus = '''''Nuciruptor'''''
-| genus_authority = Meldrum & Kay, 1950
-| species = '''''N. rubricae'''''
-| subdivision_ranks = species
-| subdivision = ''Nuciruptor rubricae''
 }}
+'''''Nuciruptor''''' is an [[extinct]] [[genus]] of [[New World monkey]]s from the [[Miocene|Middle Miocene]] ([[Laventan]] in the [[South American land mammal age]]s; 13.8 to 11.8 million years ago). Its remains have been found at the [[Lagerstätte|Konzentrat-Lagerstätte]] of [[La Venta (Colombia)|La Venta]] in the [[Honda Group, Colombia|Honda Group]] of [[Colombia]]. The [[type species]] is ''N. rubricae''.<ref name=PDBNuciruptor>[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=267426 ''Nuciruptor rubricae''] in the [[Paleobiology Database]]</ref>
-'''''Nuciruptor''''' is an [[Extinction|extinct]] [[genus]] of [[New World monkey|platirrhine]] [[primate]] that lived in [[South America]], classified inside the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Pitheciidae]].<ref name="Meldrum">{{cite journal|url=http://www.pitheciineactiongroup.org/files/Meldrum_Kay_Nuciruptor_rubicae.pdf|author1=Meldrum, DJ |author2=Kay, RF. |title= ''Nuciruptor rubricae'', a new pitheciin seed predator from the Miocene of Colombia| journal=Am J Phys Anthropol|volume= 102|issue= |year=1997 |archive-date= January 7, 2009|pages=407–427 |PMID= 9098507|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107174714/http://www.pitheciineactiongroup.org/files/Meldrum_Kay_Nuciruptor_rubicae.pdf |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199703)102:3<407::AID-AJPA8>3.0.CO;2-R}}</ref>
+== Etymology ==
-The only species of the genus is '''''N. rubricae''''', which was described from a mandibular fragment found in the fossil site known as [[La Venta (Colombia)|La Venta]] in [[Colombia]] in strata of the Middle [[Miocene]], roughly 12,8 million years ago. Its dental morphology classifies it inside the subfamily [[Pitheciinae]]; it is related with the species ''[[Cebupithecia|Cebupithecia sarmientoi]]'', found in the same place. The same dental morphology of ''Nuciruptor'' suggests that it fed on seeds like the living [[Pitheciinae|pithecines]]. It also had similar size to its living relatives, with an estimated weight of 2 [[Kilogram|kg]].<ref name="Meldrum"/>
+The generic name ''Nuciruptor rubricae'' is derived from the [[Latin]] ''nuci'' ("nut") and ''ruptor'' meaning "to break".<ref name=MeldrumKay1997_p409>Kay & Meldrum, 1997, p.409</ref> The specific ''rubricae'' refers to the red beds where the fossils have been found.<ref name=MeldrumKay1997_p410>Kay & Meldrum, 1997, p.410</ref>
+== Description ==
+A lower mandible fossil of ''Nuciruptor'' was discovered in the El Cardón redbeds of the Cerro Colorado Member of the [[Honda Group, Colombia#Villavieja Formation|Villavieja Formation]], Honda Group, just below the San Francisco Sandstone, which has been dated to the [[Laventan]], about 12.8 ± 0.2 million years old.<ref name=MeldrumKay1997_p409/> From the same locality, fossils of ''[[Saimiri annectens]]'' were recovered.<ref name=KayMeldrum1997_p437>Kay & Meldrum, 1997, p.437</ref>
+''Nuciruptor'' resembles living pitheciins in having elongated, procumbent, and styliform lower [[incisor]]s with very weak lingual heels. Moreover, as in living pitheciins, the incisors are set in a procumbently oriented mandibular symphysis, and its mandibular corpus deepens appreciably under the molars. At the same time, ''Nuciruptor'' does not possess several of the distinctive synapomorphies of extant pitheciins. ''Nuciruptor'' remains more primitive than living pitheciins in that no diastemata separate its lower incisors from the [[Canine tooth|canine]]s. Its lower canines retain the primitive structure in not having a sharply defined protocristid. P2 is not a robust or high-crowned tooth and does not have a metaconid. Neither are the other [[premolar]]s molarised by the addition of large talonids.<ref name=MeldrumKay1997_p421>Kay & Meldrum, 1997, p.421</ref> The estimated weight of ''Nuciruptor'' was {{convert|2000|g|lb}}.<ref name=Silvestro2017_p14>Silvestro, 2017, p.14</ref> The genus shows similarity with another fossil primate from La Venta, ''[[Cebupithecia]]''.<ref name=Defler2004_p34>Defler, 2004, p.34</ref>
+As ''Cebupithecia'', ''Nuciruptor'' is thought to be an ancestral saki ([[Pitheciidae]]).<ref name=Takai2001_p290>Takai et al., 2001, p.290</ref><ref name=Tejedor2013_p28>Tejedor, 2013, p.28</ref>
+=== Habitat ===
+{{see also|Honda Group, Colombia#Paleoclimate and vegetation}}
+The Honda Group, and more precisely the "Monkey Beds", are the richest site for [[list of fossil primates of South America|fossil primates in South America]].<ref name=Rosenberger2001_p3>Rosenberger & Hartwig, 2001, p.3</ref> The monkeys of the Honda Group arguably were living in habitat that was in contact with the [[Amazon Basin|Amazon]] and [[Orinoco Basin]]s, and that La Venta itself was probably seasonally dry forest.<ref name=Lynch2015_p520>Lynch Alfaro et al., 2015, p.520</ref>
+== See also ==
+{{Portal|Colombia|Paleontology|Prehistoric mammals|Primates}}
+* [[List of primates of Colombia]]
+* ''[[Lagonimico]]''
+* ''[[Mohanamico]]''
+{{Clear}}
 == References ==
-{{Reflist}}
+{{Reflist|20em}}
+=== Bibliography ===
+* {{citation |last=Defler |first=Thomas |year=2004 |title=Historia natural de los primates colombianos |url=http://www.thomasdefler.com/Book/hist_nat_primates.pdf |publisher=[[National University of Colombia|Universidad Nacional de Colombia]] |pages=1–613 |accessdate=2017-09-24}}
+* {{citation |last1=Kay |first1=Richard F. |last2=Meldrum |first2=D. Jeffrey |year=1997 |title=The Miocene Fauna of La Venta, Colombia - A new small platyrrhine from the Miocene of Colombia and the phyletic position of the callitrichines |url=https://www.academia.edu/18886642 |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution|Smithsonian Institution Press]] |pages=435–458 |accessdate=2017-09-24}}
+* {{citation |last1=Lynch Alfaro |first1=Jessica W. |last2=Cortés Ortiz |first2=Liliana |last3=Di Fiore |first3=Anthony |last4=Boubli |first4=Jean P. |year=2015 |title=Special issue: Comparative biogeography of Neotropical primates |url=http://socgen.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/ComparativeBiogeography2015.pdf |journal=[[Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution]] |volume=82 |pages=518–529 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2014.09.027 |pmid=25451803 |bibcode=2015MolPE..82..518L |accessdate=2017-09-24}}
+* {{citation |last1=Meldrum |first1=D. Jeffrey |last2=Kay |first2=Richard F. |year=1997 |title=''Nuciruptor rubricae'', a New Pitheciin Seed Predator From the Miocene of Colombia |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/14117819 |journal=[[American Journal of Physical Anthropology]] |volume=102 |issue=3 |pages=407–427 |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199703)102:3<407::AID-AJPA8>3.0.CO;2-R |pmid=9098507 |accessdate=2017-09-24}}
+* {{citation |last1=Rosenberger |first1=Alfred L. |author2-link=Walter Hartwig |last2=Hartwig |first2=Walter Carl |year=2001 |title=New World Monkeys |url=http://www.brooklyn.cuny.edu/web/aca_naturalsciences_anthropology/BIO-RosenbergerAlfred-PUB_2001_ELS.pdf |journal=Encyclopedia of Life Sciences |volume= |pages=1–4 |accessdate=2017-09-24}}
+* {{citation |last1=Silvestro |first1=Daniele |last2=Tejedor |first2=Marcelo F. |last3=Serrano Serrano |first3=Martha L. |last4=Loiseau |first4=Oriane |last5=Rossier |first5=Victor |last6=Rolland |first6=Jonathan |last7=Zizka |first7=Alexander |last8=Antonelli |first8=Alexandre |last9=Salamin |first9=Nicolas |year=2017 |title=Evolutionary history of New World monkeys revealed by molecular and fossil data |url=https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2017/08/18/178111.full.pdf |journal=[[BioRxiv]] |volume= |pages=1–32 |accessdate=2017-09-24}}
+* {{citation |last1=Takai |first1=Masanaru |last2=Anaya |first2=Federico |last3=Suzuki |first3=Hisashi |last4=Shigehara |first4=Nobuo |last5=Setoguchi |first5=Takeshi |year=2001 |title=A New Platyrrhine from the Middle Miocene of La Venta, Colombia, and the Phyletic Position of Callicebinae |url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ase1993/109/4/109_4_289/_pdf |journal=Anthropological Science, Tokyo |volume=109 |issue=4 |pages=289–307 |doi=10.1537/ase.109.289 |accessdate=2017-09-24}}
+* {{citation |last=Tejedor |first=Marcelo F |year=2013 |title=Sistemática, evolución y paleobiogeografía de los primates Platyrrhini |url=http://www.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar/uploads/docs/rmlp_zoo_2013_t20_n176.pdf |journal=Revista del Museo de La Plata |volume=20 |pages=20–39 |accessdate=2017-09-24}}
+== Further reading ==
+* {{citation |last1=Fleagle |first1=John G. |last2=Rosenberger |first2=Alfred L. |year=2013 |title=The Platyrrhine Fossil Record |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_B3gBAAAQBAJ |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |isbn=9781483267074 |pages=1–256 |accessdate=2017-10-21}}
+* {{citation |last1=Hartwig |first1=W.C. |last2=Meldrum |first2=D.J. |year=2002 |title=The Primate Fossil Record - Miocene platyrrhines of the northern Neotropics  |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ezm1OA_s6isC&pg=PA184 |pages=175–188 | publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-08141-2 |accessdate=2017-09-24 |author1-link=Walter Hartwig }}
+{{Paleontology in Colombia|state=collapsed}}
+{{Haplorhini|S.}}
+{{Taxonbar|from=Q6046182}}
-[[Category:Fossils of Colombia]]
-[[Category:Miocene mammals]]
-[[Category:New World monkeys]]
-[[Category:Monotypic primate genera|†Nuciruptor]]
 [[Category:Prehistoric primate genera]]
+[[Category:Prehistoric monkeys]]
+[[Category:Monotypic primate genera|†Nuciruptor]]
+[[Category:Miocene genus first appearances]]
+[[Category:Miocene extinctions]]
+[[Category:Miocene primates of South America]]
+[[Category:Laventan]]
 [[Category:Neogene Colombia]]
-[[Category:Fossil taxa described in 1950]]
+[[Category:Fossils of Colombia]]
+[[Category:Honda Group, Colombia]]
+[[Category:Fossil taxa described in 1997]]