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Coordinates: 31°14′35″N 45°53′06″E / 31.243°N 45.885°E / 31.243; 45.885
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'''Tell el-'Oueili''' is a [[Tell (archaeology)|tell]], or ancient settlement mound, located in [[Dhi Qar Governorate]], southern [[Iraq]]. The site was excavated between 1976 and 1989 by French archaeologists under the direction of Jean-Louis Huot. The excavations have revealed occupation layers predating those of [[Eridu]], making Tell el-'Oueili the earliest known human settlement in southern [[Mesopotamia]].
'''Tell el-'Oueili''' (also '''Awayli'''; {{lang-acm|تل العويلي|Təll əl-ʿOwēli}}) is a [[Tell (archaeology)|tell]], or ancient settlement mound, located in [[Dhi Qar Governorate]], southern [[Iraq]]. The site was excavated between 1976 and 1989 by French archaeologists under the direction of Jean-Louis Huot. The excavations have revealed occupation layers predating those of [[Eridu]], making Tell el-'Oueili the earliest known human settlement in [[Lower Mesopotamia]].


==History of research==
==History of research==
The site was first noted and surveyed by French scholar [[André Parrot]], who at the time was working at nearby [[Larsa]].<ref name=huot1980>{{citation |last1=Huot |first1=J.-L. |year=1980 |title=Tell el'Oueili (Iraq): les Premiers Résultats |journal=Paléorient |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=207–211 |doi=10.3406/paleo.1980.4270 |language=French}}</ref> Two small excavation seasons took place in 1976 and 1978, and regular excavations commenced in 1981.<ref name=huot1985b>{{citation |last1=Huot |first1=J.-L. |year=1985 |title=Tell el'Oueili. Principaux Résultats de la Quatrième Campagne (1983) |journal=Paléorient |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=119–123 |doi=10.3406/paleo.1985.4367 |language=French}}</ref> Four more seasons took place in every uneven year until 1989. All excavations were directed by French archaeologist Jean-Louis Huot.<ref name=huot1990>{{citation |last1=Vallet |first1=R. |last2=Huot |first2=J.-L. |year=1990 |title=Les Habitations à salles hypostyles d'époque Obeid 0 de Tell El'Oueili |journal=Paléorient |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=125–130 |doi=10.3406/paleo.1990.4527 |language=French}}</ref>
The site was first noted and surveyed by French scholar [[André Parrot]], who at the time was working at nearby [[Larsa]].<ref name=huot1980>{{citation |last1=Huot |first1=J.-L. |year=1980 |title=Tell el'Oueili (Iraq): les Premiers Résultats |journal=Paléorient |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=207–211 |doi=10.3406/paleo.1980.4270 |language=French}}</ref> Two small excavation seasons took place in 1976 and 1978, and regular excavations commenced in 1981.<ref>[https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15763293&increment=17]Huot, J.-L. et al., "Tell el-'Oueilli: The works of 1978 and 1981.", Sumer, vol. 39, no. 1-2, pp. 18-67, 1983</ref><ref name=huot1985b>{{citation |last1=Huot |first1=J.-L. |year=1985 |title=Tell el'Oueili. Principaux Résultats de la Quatrième Campagne (1983) |journal=Paléorient |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=119–123 |doi=10.3406/paleo.1985.4367 |language=French}}</ref> Four more seasons took place in every uneven year until 1989.<ref>[https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15763303&increment=54]Forest, J.D.. "Tell el-'Oueili preliminary report on the 4th season (1983): Stratigraphy and architecture'.", Sumer, vol. 44, no. 1–2, pp. 55–66, 1985-1986</ref><ref>[https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15763303&increment=108]Breniquet, Catherine, "Tell el-'Oueili 1983: The Small Finds", Sumer, vol. 44, pp. 109-11, 1985-1986</ref> All excavations were directed by French archaeologist Jean-Louis Huot.<ref name=huot1990>{{citation |last1=Vallet |first1=R. |last2=Huot |first2=J.-L. |year=1990 |title=Les Habitations à salles hypostyles d'époque Obeid 0 de Tell El'Oueili |journal=Paléorient |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=125–130 |doi=10.3406/paleo.1990.4527 |language=French}}</ref>


==Tell el-'Oueili and its environment==
==Tell el-'Oueili and its environment==
The site measures {{convert|200|m|ft}} in diameter and is approximately {{convert|5|m|ft}} high.<ref name=huot1980/> It is located ca. {{convert|3.5|km}} southeast of Larsa in [[Dhi Qar Governorate]], southern [[Iraq]]. The environment of 'Oueili is characterized by temperatures that can reach more than 50&nbsp;°C in summer and less than 250&nbsp;mm of annual rainfall, making the area unsuitable for [[rainfed agriculture]].<ref name=huot1985a>{{citation |last1=Huot |first1=J.-L. |year=1985a |title=Travaux en basse Mésopotamie. Les fouilles françaises à Larsa et 'Oueili |journal=Comptes-rendus des Séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres |volume=129 |issue=2 |pages=300–318 |doi=10.3406/crai.1985.14270 |language=French}}</ref>
The site measures {{convert|200|m|ft}} in diameter and is approximately {{convert|5|m|ft}} high.<ref name=huot1980/> It is located ca. {{convert|3.5|km}} southeast of Larsa in [[Dhi Qar Governorate]], southern [[Iraq]]. The environment of 'Oueili is characterized by temperatures that can reach more than 50&nbsp;°C in summer and less than 250&nbsp;mm of annual rainfall, making the area unsuitable for [[rainfed agriculture]].<ref name=huot1985a>{{citation |last1=Huot |first1=J.-L. |year=1985a |title=Travaux en basse Mésopotamie. Les fouilles françaises à Larsa et 'Oueili |journal=Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres |volume=129 |issue=2 |pages=300–318 |doi=10.3406/crai.1985.14270 |language=French}}</ref>


==Occupation history==
==Occupation history==
Tell el-'Oueili was occupied during the [[Ubaid period]]. The excavations have revealed occupation layers dating from Ubaid 0 (6500-5400 BCE) to Ubaid 4. The phase Ubaid 0 was first discovered at this site and was hence provisionally termed 'Oueili-phase.<ref name=huot1985b/>
Tell el-'Oueili was occupied during the [[Ubaid period]].<ref>[https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15763303&increment=87]Lebeau, M., "A First Report on pre-Eridu Pottery from Tell El Oueili", Sumer, vol. 44, pp. 88-108, 1985</ref> The excavations have revealed occupation layers dating from Ubaid 0 (6500-5400 BCE) to Ubaid 4. The phase Ubaid 0 was first discovered at this site and was hence provisionally termed 'Oueili-phase.<ref name=huot1985b/> A surface survey showed that the site was occupied into the [[Uruk Period]].<ref>[https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15763270&increment=161]J. L. Huot, "Tell el Oueili : surface exploration", Sumer, vol. 27, no. 1-2, pp. 45-58, 1971</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
*[[History of Mesopotamia]]
*[[History of Mesopotamia]]
*[[Cities of the ancient Near East]]
{{Portal|Asia|History|Iraq}}
{{Portal|History|Iraq}}


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:1976 archaeological discoveries]]
[[Category:1976 archaeological discoveries]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Iraq]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Iraq]]
[[Category:Dhi Qar Governorate]]
[[Category:History of Dhi Qar Governorate]]
[[Category:Ubaid period]]
[[Category:Ubaid period]]
[[Category:Tells (archaeology)]]
[[Category:Tells (archaeology)]]

Latest revision as of 13:57, 4 July 2024

Tell el-'Oueili
Tell el-'Oueili is located in Iraq
Tell el-'Oueili
Shown within Iraq
LocationIraq
RegionDhi Qar Governorate
Coordinates31°14′35″N 45°53′06″E / 31.243°N 45.885°E / 31.243; 45.885
Typesettlement
Length200 metres (660 ft)
Height5 metres (16 ft)
History
Founded6500-5400 BCE
Abandonedbefore 3000 BCE
PeriodsUbaid
Site notes
Excavation dates1976, 1978, 1981, 1983, 1985, 1987, 1989
ArchaeologistsA. Parrot. J.-L. Huot

Tell el-'Oueili (also Awayli; Mesopotamian Arabic: تل العويلي, romanized: Təll əl-ʿOwēli) is a tell, or ancient settlement mound, located in Dhi Qar Governorate, southern Iraq. The site was excavated between 1976 and 1989 by French archaeologists under the direction of Jean-Louis Huot. The excavations have revealed occupation layers predating those of Eridu, making Tell el-'Oueili the earliest known human settlement in Lower Mesopotamia.

History of research

[edit]

The site was first noted and surveyed by French scholar André Parrot, who at the time was working at nearby Larsa.[1] Two small excavation seasons took place in 1976 and 1978, and regular excavations commenced in 1981.[2][3] Four more seasons took place in every uneven year until 1989.[4][5] All excavations were directed by French archaeologist Jean-Louis Huot.[6]

Tell el-'Oueili and its environment

[edit]

The site measures 200 metres (660 ft) in diameter and is approximately 5 metres (16 ft) high.[1] It is located ca. 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) southeast of Larsa in Dhi Qar Governorate, southern Iraq. The environment of 'Oueili is characterized by temperatures that can reach more than 50 °C in summer and less than 250 mm of annual rainfall, making the area unsuitable for rainfed agriculture.[7]

Occupation history

[edit]

Tell el-'Oueili was occupied during the Ubaid period.[8] The excavations have revealed occupation layers dating from Ubaid 0 (6500-5400 BCE) to Ubaid 4. The phase Ubaid 0 was first discovered at this site and was hence provisionally termed 'Oueili-phase.[3] A surface survey showed that the site was occupied into the Uruk Period.[9]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Huot, J.-L. (1980), "Tell el'Oueili (Iraq): les Premiers Résultats", Paléorient (in French), 6 (1): 207–211, doi:10.3406/paleo.1980.4270
  2. ^ [1]Huot, J.-L. et al., "Tell el-'Oueilli: The works of 1978 and 1981.", Sumer, vol. 39, no. 1-2, pp. 18-67, 1983
  3. ^ a b Huot, J.-L. (1985), "Tell el'Oueili. Principaux Résultats de la Quatrième Campagne (1983)", Paléorient (in French), 11 (1): 119–123, doi:10.3406/paleo.1985.4367
  4. ^ [2]Forest, J.D.. "Tell el-'Oueili preliminary report on the 4th season (1983): Stratigraphy and architecture'.", Sumer, vol. 44, no. 1–2, pp. 55–66, 1985-1986
  5. ^ [3]Breniquet, Catherine, "Tell el-'Oueili 1983: The Small Finds", Sumer, vol. 44, pp. 109-11, 1985-1986
  6. ^ Vallet, R.; Huot, J.-L. (1990), "Les Habitations à salles hypostyles d'époque Obeid 0 de Tell El'Oueili", Paléorient (in French), 16 (1): 125–130, doi:10.3406/paleo.1990.4527
  7. ^ Huot, J.-L. (1985a), "Travaux en basse Mésopotamie. Les fouilles françaises à Larsa et 'Oueili", Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres (in French), 129 (2): 300–318, doi:10.3406/crai.1985.14270
  8. ^ [4]Lebeau, M., "A First Report on pre-Eridu Pottery from Tell El Oueili", Sumer, vol. 44, pp. 88-108, 1985
  9. ^ [5]J. L. Huot, "Tell el Oueili : surface exploration", Sumer, vol. 27, no. 1-2, pp. 45-58, 1971
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