Jump to content

Cirsium palustre: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
citation : The Plant List is obsolete
 
(32 intermediate revisions by 21 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae}}
{{italic title}}
{{Speciesbox
{{Taxobox
|name = ''Cirsium palustre''
|image = Cirsium palustre inflorescence - Niitvälja.jpg
⚫
|genus = Cirsium
|image = Sumpfkratzdistel uf1-1-.jpg
⚫
|species = palustre
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
⚫
|authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) Scop.
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|synonyms_ref = <ref name=POWO>{{cite web |work=Plants of the World Online |title=Cirsium palustre (L.) Scop. |url= https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:195790-1 |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens Kew |access-date=5 July 2024 }}</ref>
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|synonyms = {{collapsible list|bullets = true
|unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]]
|title=<small>Selected synonyms</small>
|ordo = [[Asterales]]
|''Carduus chailleti'' <small>Godr.</small>
|familia = [[Asteraceae]]
|''Carduus laciniatus'' <small>Lam.</small>
|tribus = [[Cynareae]]
|''Carduus palustris'' <small>L.</small>
⚫
|genus = ''[[Cirsium]]''
|''Cirsium chailletii'' <small>Gaudin</small>
⚫
|species = '''''C. palustre'''''
|binomial = ''Cirsium palustre''
|''Cirsium kochianum'' <small>Loehr</small>
|''Cirsium laciniatum'' <small>Nyman</small>
⚫
|binomial_authority = ([[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]) Scop.
|''Cirsium lacteum'' <small>Schleich. ex W.Koch</small>
⚫
|}}
|''Cirsium palatinum'' <small>Sch.Bip. ex Nyman</small>
|''Cirsium parviflorum'' <small>Lange ex Nyman</small>
|''Cnicus palustris'' <small>(L.) Willd.</small>
|''Cynara palustris'' <small>Stokes</small>
⚫
}}}}


'''''Cirsium palustre''''', the '''marsh thistle'''<ref name=BSBI07>{{BSBI 2007 |access-date=2014-10-17}}</ref> or '''European swamp thistle''', is a herbaceous [[biennial plant|biennial]] (or often [[perennial plant|perennial]]) [[flowering plant]] in the family [[Asteraceae]].<ref>J. S. Rodwell. 1998. ''British Plant Communities'', p. 227</ref><ref>[http://luirig.altervista.org/flora/taxa/index1.php?scientific-name=cirsium+palustre Altervista Flora Italiana, Cardo di palude, Sumpf-Kratzdistel, kärrtistel, ''Cirsium palustre'' (L.) Scop.] includes photos and European distribution map</ref>
⚫
'''''Cirsium palustre''''', the '''marsh thistle''' or '''European swamp thistle''', is a herbaceous [[biennial plant|biennial]] (or often [[perennial plant|perennial]]) species of the genus ''[[Cirsium]]''.<ref>J. S. Rodwell. 1998. ''British Plant Communities'', p. 227</ref> It is a tall [[thistle]] which reaches up to {{Convert|2|m|ft|sigfig=1}} in height. The strong stems have few branches and are covered in small spines. In its first year the plant grows as a dense [[rosette (botany)|rosette]], at first with narrow, entire leaves with spiny, dark purple edges; later, larger leaves are lobed. In the subsequent years the plant grows a tall, straight stem, the tip of which branches repeatedly, bearing a candelabra of dark purple flowers, {{Convert|10|-|20|mm|in|1}} with purple-tipped [[bract]]s. In the northern hemisphere these are produced from June to September. The flowers are occasionally white, in which case the purple edges to the leaves are absent. It is native to [[Europe]] where it is particularly common on damp ground such as marshes, wet fields, moorland and beside streams. In [[North America]] it is an [[introduced species]] that has become [[invasive species|invasive]]. It grows in dense thickets that can crowd out slower growing native plants. <ref>[http://alienspecies.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/eng/species/marsh-plume-thistle Marsh Plume Thistle, Aliens Among Us.]</ref>


==Ecology==
== Description ==
⚫
''Cirsium palustre'' is a tall [[thistle]] which reaches up to {{Convert|2|m|ft|sigfig=1}} in height. The strong stems have few branches and are covered in small spines. In its first year the plant grows as a dense [[rosette (botany)|rosette]], at first with narrow, entire leaves with spiny, dark purple edges; later, larger leaves are lobed. In the subsequent years the plant grows a tall, straight stem, the tip of which branches repeatedly, bearing a candelabra of dark purple flowers, {{Convert|10|-|20|mm|in|1}} with purple-tipped [[bract]]s. In the northern hemisphere these are produced from June to September. The flowers are occasionally white, in which case the purple edges to the leaves are absent.<ref name=lola/>
⚫
''C. palustre'' is broadly distributed throughout northern Europe and eastward to central Asia. This thistle's occurrence is linked to the spread of human agriculture from the mid-[[Holocene]] era or before.<ref name="Hogan">C. Michael Hogan. 2009. [http://www.globaltwitcher.com/artspec_information.asp?thingid=48639 ''Marsh Thistle: Cirsium palustre'', GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Strömberg]</ref> It is a constant plant of several [[fen-meadow]] plant associations, including the [[Juncus subnodulosus-Cirsium palustre fen-meadow|''Juncus subnodulosus''-''Cirsium palustre'' fen-meadow]].<ref name="Hogan"/>
Used fairly commonly as a seasonal wild vegetable[horta] in Cyprus after prickles have been removed

⚫
==References==
⚫
{{Reflist}}


<gallery>
<gallery>
Image:Cirsium_palustre.jpg
Image:Cirsium_palustre.jpg|llustration
File:Cirsium palustre20160617 5174.jpg|As a pot plant
</gallery>
</gallery>


== Ecology ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cirsium palustre}}
The plant provides a great deal of [[nectar]] for [[pollinators]]. It was rated first out of the top 10 for most nectar production (nectar per unit cover per year) in a [[UK]] plants survey conducted by the AgriLand project which is supported by the UK Insect Pollinators Initiative.<ref name=Pollinators>{{cite web |title=Which flowers are the best source of nectar? |publisher=Conservation Grade |url=http://www.conservationgrade.org/2014/10/which_flowers_best_source_nectar/ |accessdate=2017-10-18 |date=2014-10-15 |archive-date=2019-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214024659/http://www.conservationgrade.org/2014/10/which_flowers_best_source_nectar/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

It is native to [[Europe]] where it is particularly common on damp ground such as marshes, wet fields, moorland and beside streams. In [[Canada]] and the northern [[United States]], it is an [[introduced species]] that has become [[invasive species|invasive]]. It grows in dense thickets that can crowd out slower growing native plants.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://alienspecies.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/eng/species/marsh-plume-thistle |title=Marsh Plume Thistle, Aliens Among Us. |access-date=2013-12-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213221024/http://alienspecies.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/eng/species/marsh-plume-thistle |archive-date=2013-12-13 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=lola>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066389 Flora of North America, European swamp or marsh thistle, cirse ou chardon des marais, ''Cirsium palustre'' (Linnaeus) Scopoli]</ref><ref>[http://bonap.net/MapGallery/County/Cirsium%20palustre.png Biota of North America Program 22014 county distribution map]</ref>

⚫
''Cirsium palustre'' is broadly distributed throughout much of [[Europe]] and eastward to central [[Asia]]. This thistle's occurrence is linked to the spread of human agriculture from the mid-[[Holocene]] era or before.<ref name="Hogan">C. Michael Hogan. 2009. [http://www.globaltwitcher.com/artspec_information.asp?thingid=48639 ''Marsh Thistle: Cirsium palustre'', GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Strömberg] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213144520/http://www.globaltwitcher.com/artspec_information.asp?thingid=48639 |date=December 13, 2012 }}</ref> It is a constant plant of several [[fen-meadow]] plant associations, including the [[Juncus subnodulosus-Cirsium palustre fen-meadow|''Juncus subnodulosus''-''Cirsium palustre'' fen-meadow]].<ref name="Hogan"/>
The flowers are visited by a wide variety of insects, featuring a generalised [[pollination syndrome]].<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1111/plb.12328| title = Competition for pollinators and intra-communal spectral dissimilarity of flowers| journal = Plant Biology| pages = 56–62| year = 2015| last1 = Van Der Kooi | first1 = C. J.| last2 = Pen | first2 = I.| last3 = Staal | first3 = M.| last4 = Stavenga | first4 = D. G.| last5 = Elzenga | first5 = J. T. M.| url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273158762 | pmid = 25754608 | volume = 18| issue = 1}}</ref>

⚫
==References==
⚫
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}

* [http://www.tropicos.org/ImageFullView.aspx?imageid=100265801 Photo of herbarium specimen at Missouri Botanical Garden]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q659846}}

[[Category:Cirsium|palustre]]
[[Category:Cirsium|palustre]]
[[Category:Flora of Europe]]
[[Category:Flora of Europe]]
[[Category:Flora of Norway]]
[[Category:Flora of Asia]]
[[Category:Flora of Asia]]
[[Category:Flora of the Faroe Islands]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1753]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]

{{Cynareae-stub}}

Latest revision as of 08:33, 5 July 2024

Cirsium palustre
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Cirsium
Species:
C. palustre
Binomial name
Cirsium palustre
(L.) Scop.
Synonyms[1]
Selected synonyms
  • Carduus chailleti Godr.
  • Carduus laciniatus Lam.
  • Carduus palustris L.
  • Cirsium chailletii Gaudin
  • Cirsium kochianum Loehr
  • Cirsium laciniatum Nyman
  • Cirsium lacteum Schleich. ex W.Koch
  • Cirsium palatinum Sch.Bip. ex Nyman
  • Cirsium parviflorum Lange ex Nyman
  • Cnicus palustris (L.) Willd.
  • Cynara palustris Stokes

Cirsium palustre, the marsh thistle[2] or European swamp thistle, is a herbaceous biennial (or often perennial) flowering plant in the family Asteraceae.[3][4]

Description

[edit]

Cirsium palustre is a tall thistle which reaches up to 2 metres (7 ft) in height. The strong stems have few branches and are covered in small spines. In its first year the plant grows as a dense rosette, at first with narrow, entire leaves with spiny, dark purple edges; later, larger leaves are lobed. In the subsequent years the plant grows a tall, straight stem, the tip of which branches repeatedly, bearing a candelabra of dark purple flowers, 10–20 millimetres (0.4–0.8 in) with purple-tipped bracts. In the northern hemisphere these are produced from June to September. The flowers are occasionally white, in which case the purple edges to the leaves are absent.[5]

  • llustration
    llustration
  • As a pot plant
    As a pot plant

Ecology

[edit]

The plant provides a great deal of nectar for pollinators. It was rated first out of the top 10 for most nectar production (nectar per unit cover per year) in a UK plants survey conducted by the AgriLand project which is supported by the UK Insect Pollinators Initiative.[6]

It is native to Europe where it is particularly common on damp ground such as marshes, wet fields, moorland and beside streams. In Canada and the northern United States, it is an introduced species that has become invasive. It grows in dense thickets that can crowd out slower growing native plants.[7][5][8]

Cirsium palustre is broadly distributed throughout much of Europe and eastward to central Asia. This thistle's occurrence is linked to the spread of human agriculture from the mid-Holocene era or before.[9] It is a constant plant of several fen-meadow plant associations, including the Juncus subnodulosus-Cirsium palustre fen-meadow.[9] The flowers are visited by a wide variety of insects, featuring a generalised pollination syndrome.[10]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Cirsium palustre (L.) Scop". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
  2. ^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  3. ^ J. S. Rodwell. 1998. British Plant Communities, p. 227
  4. ^ Altervista Flora Italiana, Cardo di palude, Sumpf-Kratzdistel, kärrtistel, Cirsium palustre (L.) Scop. includes photos and European distribution map
  5. ^ a b Flora of North America, European swamp or marsh thistle, cirse ou chardon des marais, Cirsium palustre (Linnaeus) Scopoli
  6. ^ "Which flowers are the best source of nectar?". Conservation Grade. 2014-10-15. Archived from the original on 2019-12-14. Retrieved 2017-10-18.
  7. ^ "Marsh Plume Thistle, Aliens Among Us". Archived from the original on 2013-12-13. Retrieved 2013-12-17.
  8. ^ Biota of North America Program 22014 county distribution map
  9. ^ a b C. Michael Hogan. 2009. Marsh Thistle: Cirsium palustre, GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Strömberg Archived December 13, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  10. ^ Van Der Kooi, C. J.; Pen, I.; Staal, M.; Stavenga, D. G.; Elzenga, J. T. M. (2015). "Competition for pollinators and intra-communal spectral dissimilarity of flowers". Plant Biology. 18 (1): 56–62. doi:10.1111/plb.12328. PMID 25754608.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cirsium palustre.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cirsium_palustre&oldid=1232728099"