Fort Dufferin: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Historical site in Manitoba, Canada}} |
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{{About|the Canadian settlement|the palace in British colonial era Burma|Mandalay Palace}} |
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{{Use Canadian English|date=January 2023}} |
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| country = [[Canada]] |
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| province = [[Manitoba]] |
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| region = Along the Canada-U.S. border, on the west bank of the [[Red River of the North|Red River]] |
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| designated = 1937 |
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| image = Fort Dufferin National Historic Site.jpg |
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| type of nhs = [[Fort]] |
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| caption = Fort Dufferin site with remaining buildings |
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| area = <!-- {{convert|2.64|km2|abbr=on}}--> |
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| location = [[Manitoba]], Canada |
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| designation1 = National Historic Site of Canada |
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| designation1_date = 1937 |
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| ⚫ | '''Fort Dufferin''' is a former Canadian government post near the [[Canada–United States border]] at [[Emerson, Manitoba]]. The fort was used during the 1870s as a base for the North American Boundary Commission and the [[North-West Mounted Police]] (NWMP), and as an immigration station. It was designated a [[national historic site of Canada]] in 1937. |
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| ⚫ | '''Fort Dufferin''' |
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==History== |
==History== |
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| ⚫ | Fort Dufferin was constructed in 1872 on a site along the west bank of the [[Red River of the North|Red River]] three kilometres north of the [[Pembina–Emerson Border Crossing|present-day border station at Emerson]]. Named for Governor General [[Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava|Lord Dufferin]], it was originally used as a base for the Canadian-British contingent of the [[North American boundary commission|North American Boundary Commission]], which was tasked with surveying the international border along the [[49th parallel north]], as agreed upon by the British and American governments in the [[Treaty of 1818]].<ref name="wfp1">{{cite news |url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/Retired_farmers_restoring_latrine_at_old_Fort_Dufferi.html |title=When Mounties had to go... |publisher=[[Winnipeg Free Press]] |date=December 7, 2008 |access-date=August 28, 2012 |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002606/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/Retired_farmers_restoring_latrine_at_old_Fort_Dufferi.html |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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[[File:Fort Dufferin National Historic Site.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Fort Dufferin site including remaining buildings.]] |
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| ⚫ | Fort Dufferin was |
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After the commission's surveyors moved west along the [[Boundary Commission Trail]], the fort was used by the NWMP as an assembly point prior to their [[March West]] in 1874. Members of the force arrived at Fort Dufferin, coming from the east through the United States, marking the only time the entire force was ever assembled at one place. On July 8, 1874, the NWMP moved out and began their journey west to bring law and order to the [[North-West Territories]].<ref name="wfp2">{{cite news |url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/historic/31746419.html |title=Forgotten Past |publisher=[[Winnipeg Free Press]] |date=June 26, 2006 |access-date=August 28, 2012 |archive-date=February 1, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201181206/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/historic/31746419.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The NWMP also used Fort Dufferin as its Manitoba headquarters, before moving it to [[Winnipeg]] in 1875. |
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From 1875 to 1879, |
From 1875 to 1879, the Canadian government used Fort Dufferin as an immigration station for steamboats entering the country along the Red River, including thousands of [[Russian Mennonites]] of the [[West Reserve]], and as a quarantine station for livestock.<ref name="wfp2" /> Following completion of the international rail line on the east side of the river in 1878, steamboat traffic on the river ceased and the immigration station at Fort Dufferin was no longer needed. In 1879, the fort was abandoned and the Canadian government sold the property. |
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==Historical Site== |
==Historical Site== |
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Fort Dufferin was designated a [[National Historic Site of Canada|National Historic Site]] in 1937 |
Fort Dufferin was designated a [[National Historic Site of Canada|National Historic Site]] in 1937 and is open to the public during the summer. A cairn and plaque mark the historic site and some of the buildings, though badly deteriorated, still stand. Ongoing preservation efforts are being carried out by several groups, including local residents, the Canadian government, and the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] Veteran's Association.<ref name="wfp1"/><ref name="wfp3">{{cite news |url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/the-fox-and-the-town-146630425.html |title=The fox and the town: Emerson mayor seeks to restore historic barn |date=April 9, 2009 |access-date=August 28, 2012 |publisher=[[Winnipeg Free Press]] |archive-date=April 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120411002753/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/the-fox-and-the-town-146630425.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="pc">{{cite web |url=http://news.gc.ca/web/article-eng.do?nid=635749 |title=Government of Canada Supports the Preservation of Local History and Culture at Fort Dufferin National Historic Site of Canada |date=November 4, 2011 |publisher=[[Parks Canada]] |access-date=August 28, 2012}}{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.steinbachonline.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=30730&Itemid=100413 |title=Group Working to Preserve Fort Dufferin |date=August 28, 2012 |access-date=August 28, 2012 |publisher=SteinbachOnline.com |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304033139/http://www.steinbachonline.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=30730&Itemid=100413 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
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* [[Boundary Commission Trail]] |
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* [[Pembina–Emerson Border Crossing]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist|30em}} |
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==External links== |
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| ⚫ | * [http://www.pc.gc.ca/eng/rech-srch/clic-click.aspx?/cgi-bin/MsmGo.exe?grab_id=0&page_id=7201&query=dufferin&hiword=DUFFERINS%20dufferin Parks Canada profile] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410083320/http://www.pc.gc.ca/eng/rech-srch/clic-click.aspx?%2Fcgi-bin%2FMsmGo.exe%3Fgrab_id=0&page_id=7201&query=dufferin&hiword=DUFFERINS%20dufferin |date=April 10, 2016 }} |
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[[Category:Forts in Manitoba|Dufferin]] |
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[[Category:North-West Mounted Police forts]] |
[[Category:North-West Mounted Police forts]] |
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[[Category:National Historic Sites in Manitoba]] |
[[Category:National Historic Sites in Manitoba]] |
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Latest revision as of 15:19, 8 July 2024
| Fort Dufferin | |
|---|---|
 Fort Dufferin site with remaining buildings | |
| Etymology | Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava |
| Location | Manitoba, Canada |
| Coordinates | 49°1′50″N 97°12′8″W / 49.03056°N 97.20222°W |
| Founder | Government of Canada |
| Built | 1872 (used until 1879) |
| Designated | 1937 |
Fort Dufferin is a former Canadian government post near the Canada–United States border at Emerson, Manitoba. The fort was used during the 1870s as a base for the North American Boundary Commission and the North-West Mounted Police (NWMP), and as an immigration station. It was designated a national historic site of Canada in 1937.
History
[edit]Fort Dufferin was constructed in 1872 on a site along the west bank of the Red River three kilometres north of the present-day border station at Emerson. Named for Governor General Lord Dufferin, it was originally used as a base for the Canadian-British contingent of the North American Boundary Commission, which was tasked with surveying the international border along the 49th parallel north, as agreed upon by the British and American governments in the Treaty of 1818.[1]
After the commission's surveyors moved west along the Boundary Commission Trail, the fort was used by the NWMP as an assembly point prior to their March West in 1874. Members of the force arrived at Fort Dufferin, coming from the east through the United States, marking the only time the entire force was ever assembled at one place. On July 8, 1874, the NWMP moved out and began their journey west to bring law and order to the North-West Territories.[2] The NWMP also used Fort Dufferin as its Manitoba headquarters, before moving it to Winnipeg in 1875.
From 1875 to 1879, the Canadian government used Fort Dufferin as an immigration station for steamboats entering the country along the Red River, including thousands of Russian Mennonites of the West Reserve, and as a quarantine station for livestock.[2] Following completion of the international rail line on the east side of the river in 1878, steamboat traffic on the river ceased and the immigration station at Fort Dufferin was no longer needed. In 1879, the fort was abandoned and the Canadian government sold the property.
Historical Site
[edit]Fort Dufferin was designated a National Historic Site in 1937 and is open to the public during the summer. A cairn and plaque mark the historic site and some of the buildings, though badly deteriorated, still stand. Ongoing preservation efforts are being carried out by several groups, including local residents, the Canadian government, and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police Veteran's Association.[1][3][4][5]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b "When Mounties had to go..." Winnipeg Free Press. December 7, 2008. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 28, 2012.
- ^ a b "Forgotten Past". Winnipeg Free Press. June 26, 2006. Archived from the original on February 1, 2015. Retrieved August 28, 2012.
- ^ "The fox and the town: Emerson mayor seeks to restore historic barn". Winnipeg Free Press. April 9, 2009. Archived from the original on April 11, 2012. Retrieved August 28, 2012.
- ^ "Government of Canada Supports the Preservation of Local History and Culture at Fort Dufferin National Historic Site of Canada". Parks Canada. November 4, 2011. Retrieved August 28, 2012.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Group Working to Preserve Fort Dufferin". SteinbachOnline.com. August 28, 2012. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 28, 2012.
External links
[edit]- Parks Canada profile Archived April 10, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
- Fort Dufferin at Manitoba Historical Society
- Fort Dufferin - Royal Canadian Mounted Police
National Historic Sites of Canada by location | |
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