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Coordinates: 53°17′N 3°35′W / 53.28°N 3.58°W / 53.28; -3.58
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| community_wales = Abergele
| community_wales = Abergele
| lieutenancy_wales = [[Clwyd]]
| lieutenancy_wales = [[Clwyd]]
| constituency_westminster = [[Clwyd West (UK Parliament constituency)|Clwyd West]]
| constituency_westminster = [[Clwyd North (UK Parliament constituency)|Clwyd North]]
| post_town = ABERGELE
| post_town = ABERGELE
| postcode_district = LL22
| postcode_district = LL22
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== Etymology ==
== Etymology ==
The meaning of the name {{lang|cy|Abergele}} can be deduced by {{wikt-lang|cy|aber}} being the [[Welsh language|Welsh word]] for estuary, river mouth or confluence and {{lang|cy|[[River Gele|Gele]]}} the name of the river which flows through the town. {{lang|cy|Gele}} is a dialectal form of {{lang|cy|gelau}}, which means spear, describing the action of the river cutting through the land. It has also been suggested this river is named because its waters flash brightly.
The meaning of the name {{lang|cy|Abergele}} can be deduced by {{wikt-lang|cy|aber}} being the [[Welsh language|Welsh word]] for estuary, river mouth or confluence and {{lang|cy|[[River Gele|Gele]]}} the name of the river which flows through the town. {{lang|cy|Gele}} is a dialectal form of {{lang|cy|gelau}}, which means spear, describing the action of the river cutting through the land. It has also been suggested this river is named because its waters flash brightly.
Abergele is often mispronounced as ah-bear-geh-lee by non-native Welsh speakers.


==Geography==
==Geography==
[[File:Gwrych Castle’s east front.jpg|thumb|left|Gwrych Castle]]
[[File:Gwrych Castle’s east front.jpg|thumb|left|Gwrych Castle]]
[[File:Castell Cawr.jpg|thumb|left|Hill which the hillfort of Castell Cawr is situated]]
[[File:Castell Cawr.jpg|thumb|Hill which the hillfort of Castell Cawr is situated]]


The town itself lies on the [[A55 road]] and is known for [[Gwrych Castle]]. The town is surrounded by [[woodland]] covered [[hill]]sides, which contain [[cave]]s with the rare [[lesser horseshoe bat]].{{CN|date=November 2022}} The highest hill is [[Moelfre Isaf]] (1040 ft) to the south of the town.
The town itself lies on the [[A55 road]] and is known for [[Gwrych Castle]]. The town is surrounded by [[woodland]] covered [[hill]]sides, which contain [[cave]]s with the rare [[lesser horseshoe bat]].{{CN|date=November 2022}} The highest hill is [[Moelfre Isaf]] (1040 ft) to the south of the town.
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[[File:Bridge street, Abergele NLW3363782.jpg|thumb|Bridge Street, Abergele circa 1875]]
[[File:Bridge street, Abergele NLW3363782.jpg|thumb|Bridge Street, Abergele circa 1875]]
[[File:Cottages in Water Street - geograph.org.uk - 920311.jpg|thumb|Cottages in Abergele]]
[[File:Cottages in Water Street - geograph.org.uk - 920311.jpg|thumb|Cottages in Abergele]]
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{{quote box|

''"I have observed, at low-water, far from the clayey banks, a long tract of hard loam, filled with the bodies of oak trees, tolerably entire; but so soft as to be cut with a knife as easily as wax. The wood is collected by the poorer people, and after being brought to dry upon the beach, is carried home and used as fuel; but, in burning, it emits a very bad smell."''|source=''Excerpt from 'Tours in Wales with Notes' by [[Thomas Pennant]] (1726 - 1798), Edited by [[John Rhŷs]]'' - 1883 <ref>{{cite web|title=''Tours in Wales with Notes by Thomas Pennant Edited by John Rhŷs' - Printed and Published by H. Humpphreys (Caernarfon)'|date=1883|url=https://archive.org/details/toursinwales01penngoog/page/147|via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>
⚫
|align=right|width=40%}}
===Celtic and early Welsh history===
===Celtic and early Welsh history===
Abergele was the site of an important [[clas (ecclesiastical settlement)|clas]] ([[Celtic Christianity|Celtic]] monastery) and remained settled into the 13th century. A "Prince Jonathan of Abergeleu" is listed by the B text of the [[Annales Cambriæ|Annals of Wales]] as dying during the 9th century reign of [[Rhodri the Great]],<ref>The [[Annales Cambriæ|Annals of Wales]] (B text), [[wikisource:The Annals of Wales B/10|p. 10]].</ref> although Charles-Edwards has supposed him to have simply been the monastery's abbot.<ref>Charles-Edwards, T.M. "The Heir-Apparent in Irish and Welsh Law". ''[[Celtica (journal)|Celtica]]'', Vol. 9, p. 180{{ndash}}90. Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1971. Accessed 27 Feb 2013.</ref> [[Edward I]] is known to have briefly stayed there in December 1294 during his invasion of Wales to suppress the revolt of [[Madog ap Llywelyn]].
Abergele was the site of an important [[clas (ecclesiastical settlement)|clas]] ([[Celtic Christianity|Celtic]] monastery) and remained settled into the 13th century. A "Prince Jonathan of Abergeleu" is listed by the B text of the [[Annales Cambriæ|Annals of Wales]] as dying during the 9th century reign of [[Rhodri the Great]],<ref>The [[Annales Cambriæ|Annals of Wales]] (B text), [[wikisource:The Annals of Wales B/10|p. 10]].</ref> although Charles-Edwards has supposed him to have simply been the monastery's abbot.<ref>Charles-Edwards, T.M. "The Heir-Apparent in Irish and Welsh Law". ''[[Celtica (journal)|Celtica]]'', Vol. 9, p. 180{{ndash}}90. Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1971. Accessed 27 Feb 2013.</ref> [[Edward I]] is known to have briefly stayed there in December 1294 during his invasion of Wales to suppress [[Welsh revolt of 1294–95|the revolt]] of [[Madog ap Llywelyn]].


Sites of historical interest include two [[Iron Age]] [[hillfort]]s; [[Castell Cawr]] at Tan y Gopa and Dinorben (now virtually disappeared owing to [[limestone]] [[quarry]]ing) at St. George. On Gallt y Felin Wynt, a hill above the town known as Bryn Tŵr or by its English name 'Tower Hill', is a 17th-century [[windmill]], partially restored in 1930. There is another Iron Age fort at '''Pen y Corddyn Mawr''' hill above [[Rhyd y Foel]]. There is also another watchtower, 'Tŵr Arglwyddes Emily' or 'Lady Emily's Tower', which is located near [[Cefn yr Ogof]].
Sites of historical interest include two [[Iron Age]] [[hillfort]]s; [[Castell Cawr]] at Tan y Gopa and Dinorben (now virtually disappeared owing to [[limestone]] [[quarry]]ing) at St. George. On Gallt y Felin Wynt, a hill above the town known as Bryn Tŵr or by its English name 'Tower Hill', is a 17th-century [[windmill]], partially restored in 1930. There is another Iron Age fort at '''Pen y Corddyn Mawr''' hill above [[Rhyd y Foel]]. There is also another watchtower, 'Tŵr Arglwyddes Emily' or 'Lady Emily's Tower', which is located near [[Cefn yr Ogof]].
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[[Gwrych Castle]] was built between 1819 and 1825 at the behest of Lloyd Hesketh Bamford-Hesketh. From 1894 until 1946 it was the residence of the Dundonald family.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.gwrychtrust.co.uk/html/brief_castle_history.html |title=A brief history of Gwrych Castle |publisher=Gwrych Castle Preservation Trust |access-date=14 March 2009 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228120605/http://www.gwrychtrust.co.uk/html/brief_castle_history.html |archive-date=28 February 2009 }}</ref> Gwrych Castle's present owner, California businessman Nick Tavaglione, who bought the landmark in December 1989, put Gwrych up for auction on 2 June 2006, but it failed to sell. The condition of the property is being monitored by the Gwrych Castle Preservation Trust.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.gwrychtrust.co.uk/html/about_us.html |title=What is the Castle Trust? |publisher=Gwrych Castle Preservation Trust |access-date=14 March 2009 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218004544/http://gwrychtrust.co.uk/html/about_us.html |archive-date=18 February 2009 }}</ref> It is undergoing renovation.
[[Gwrych Castle]] was built between 1819 and 1825 at the behest of Lloyd Hesketh Bamford-Hesketh. From 1894 until 1946 it was the residence of the Dundonald family.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.gwrychtrust.co.uk/html/brief_castle_history.html |title=A brief history of Gwrych Castle |publisher=Gwrych Castle Preservation Trust |access-date=14 March 2009 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228120605/http://www.gwrychtrust.co.uk/html/brief_castle_history.html |archive-date=28 February 2009 }}</ref> Gwrych Castle's present owner, California businessman Nick Tavaglione, who bought the landmark in December 1989, put Gwrych up for auction on 2 June 2006, but it failed to sell. The condition of the property is being monitored by the Gwrych Castle Preservation Trust.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.gwrychtrust.co.uk/html/about_us.html |title=What is the Castle Trust? |publisher=Gwrych Castle Preservation Trust |access-date=14 March 2009 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218004544/http://gwrychtrust.co.uk/html/about_us.html |archive-date=18 February 2009 }}</ref> It is undergoing renovation.


The [[boxing|boxer]]s [[Bruce Woodcock (boxer)|Bruce Woodcock]] (in the late 1940s) and [[Randolph Turpin]] (in 1952) trained at Gwrych Castle. The film ''[[Prince Valiant (1997 film)|Prince Valiant]]'', was filmed there in 1996, starring [[Edward Fox (actor)|Edward Fox]] and [[Katherine Heigl]].
The [[boxing|boxer]]s [[Bruce Woodcock (boxer)|Bruce Woodcock]] (in the late 1940s)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.doncasterfreepress.co.uk/news/terrified-doncaster-boxer-fled-from-ghost-at-new-im-a-celebrity-castle-2961652 | title=Terrified Doncaster boxer fled from 'ghost' at new I'm a Celebrity castle | date=4 September 2020 }}</ref> and [[Randolph Turpin]] (in 1952)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dailypost.co.uk/sport/other-sport/gwrych-castle-event-celebrate-life-11549902 | title=Gwrych Castle event will celebrate the life of the great Randolph Turpin | date=30 June 2016 }}</ref> trained at Gwrych Castle. The film ''[[Prince Valiant (1997 film)|Prince Valiant]]'', was filmed there in 1996, starring [[Edward Fox (actor)|Edward Fox]] and [[Katherine Heigl]].<ref>{{cite web | title=How one historic castle went from derelict ruin to television show star - ITV News | website=ITV News | date=19 November 2020 | url=https://www.itv.com/news/wales/2020-11-19/how-gwrych-castle-became-an-accidental-star-after-years-of-disrepair-following-im-a-celebrity-relocation | access-date=7 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/lifestyle/tv/amazing-story-how-gwrych-castle-19296472 | title=The Welsh castle left to rot for decades and brought back to life on I'm a Celeb | date=18 November 2020 }}</ref>


===St Michael's Parish Church===
===St. Michael's Parish Church===
In a Welsh antiquarian book from 1860, it mentions that there has always been a 'local tradition or popular opinion that the original Abergele was overwhelmed by the sea' and that an inscribed stone at St Michael's [[parish church]] (built on the site of the old clas) which was once readable but had been weathered over time read;
In a Welsh antiquarian book from 1860, it mentions that there has always been a 'local tradition or popular opinion that the original Abergele was overwhelmed by the sea' and that an inscribed stone at St Michael's [[parish church]] (built on the site of the old clas) which was once readable but had been weathered over time read;


<poem>
<b>"Yma mae'n gorwedd,
"Yma mae'n gorwedd,
Yn mynwent Mihangel,
Yn mynwent Mihangel,
Gwr oedd ei annedd,
Gwr oedd ei annedd,
Dair milltir yn y gogledd"</b>
Dair milltir yn y gogledd"
</poem>


Although through oral tradition, the elders believed that the weathered stone was a modern copy of the original which could found on the other side of the wall which was far more weathered and illegible.
Although through oral tradition, the elders believed that the weathered stone was a modern copy of the original which could be found on the other side of the wall which was far more weathered and illegible.
In 1890's, a third (bilingual) copy was made and presented by Mrs Taylor of Dolhyfryd and the vicar, David Evans. The updated inscription (with slightly altered text) on the tombstone reads in order:
In 1890's, a third (bilingual) copy was made and presented by Mrs Taylor of Dolhyfryd and the vicar, David Evans. The updated inscription (with slightly altered text) on the tombstone reads in order:


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"HERE LIETH IN ST. MICHAEL's CHURCHYARD A MAN WHO HAD HIS DWELLING THREE MILES TO THE NORTH"
"HERE LIETH IN ST. MICHAEL's CHURCHYARD A MAN WHO HAD HIS DWELLING THREE MILES TO THE NORTH"


As the sea is little more than half a mile away at this point, this suggests that the sea has made some considerable advance over the centuries.<ref>{{citation|title=Black's Picturesque Guide to North Wales|first=Adam and Charles|last=Black|year=1857|page=30}}</ref><ref>̺{{citation |title=The mediæval history of Denbighshire. The records of Denbigh and its lordship: bearing upon the general history of the county of Denbigh since the conquest of Wales; by Williams, John, of Wrexham, Wales |year=1860 |url=https://archive.org/details/medivalhistory00will/page/226}}</ref>
As the sea is little more than half a mile away at this point, this suggests that the sea has made some considerable advance over the centuries.<ref>{{citation|title=Black's Picturesque Guide to North Wales|first=Adam and Charles|last=Black|year=1857|page=30}}</ref><ref>̺{{citation |title=The mediæval history of Denbighshire. The records of Denbigh and its lordship: bearing upon the general history of the county of Denbigh since the conquest of Wales; by Williams, John, of Wrexham, Wales |year=1860 |publisher=Wrexham, G. Bayley |url=https://archive.org/details/medivalhistory00will/page/226}}</ref>


Outside the church is a penitential stone where sinners had to do penance by standing, dressed in white, by the stone and beseech the congregation for mercy as they entered and left the church.<ref>http://abergelepost.com/penance-stone-st-michaels-church-abergele/</ref>
Outside the church is a penitential stone where sinners had to do penance by standing, dressed in white, by the stone and beseech the congregation for mercy as they entered and left the church.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://abergelepost.com/penance-stone-st-michaels-church-abergele/ | title=Penance Stone at St Michael's Church, Abergele - | date=20 October 2017 }}</ref>


===Railway disaster===
===Railway disaster===
In 1868 the railway line through Abergele was the site of the worst [[Abergele rail disaster|railway disaster]] in Britain to that time. The result of a series of circumstances, errors and failures led to loose wagons containing barrels of [[Kerosene|paraffin]], detached from another train at nearby Llanddulas, rolling down towards Abergele. The Irish Mail train from [[Euston railway station|Euston]] to [[Holyhead railway station|Holyhead]] ran into them. Its leading coaches were enveloped in flame which burned occupants alive. In all 33 people died.<ref name=railsea>{{cite web|url=https://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/documents/BoT_Abergele1868.pdf|title=London and North Western Railway|website=railwaysarchive.co.uk|access-date=25 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=Terrible Railway Disaster - Twenty-Three Persons Burned Alive, Many More Injured |newspaper=Sheffield Independent |date=21 August 1868 |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000181/18680821/011/0002|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]]}}</ref><ref>The Queenslander, Saturday, November 7, 1868 - https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/20321387</ref>
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{{quote box|
"The immediate cause of the catastrophe was the negligence of the two breaksmen in charge of the goods train, as it was a part of their duty, while the process of shunting was going on, to see to the safety of the detached portions. This they omitted to do; and hence the collision and fire, by which more than thirty individuals met their deaths in so awful a manner. The jury have-and very properly, as we think-recorded a verdict of manslaughter against these two individuals, who will therefore be put upon their trial for the offence. The stationmaster at Llandulas also has been censured for a gross dereliction of duty, and this, in effect, is including him in the charge of manslaughter.
... Railway disasters are continually occurring, but such a one as that at Abergele is happily unprecedented in its character. The frequency of such disasters, however, is a matter which calls for the special attention and searching inquiry into the manner in which the various railways in the kingdom are worked, with a view to the inauguration of such a system which shall have the effect of lessening the number and extent of such a holocaust as was offered up at Abergele to neglect and mismanagement."|source=''Brecon County Times'' - Saturday 12 September 1868<ref>{{citation |title=The Abergele Disaster |newspaper=Brecon County Times |date=12 September 1868 |url=https://newspapers.library.wales/view/3870961/3870965/66/Brecon%20County%20Times%20AND%20Brecon%20County%20Times''%20-%20%20Saturday%2012%20September%201868|via=[[National Library of Wales]]}}</ref>
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|align=right|width=40%}}

The 1868 [[Abergele rail disaster]] was, at that time, the worst [[railway disaster]] in Britain. On 20 August 1868 at around 1:30 pm, the Irish Mail train from Euston to Holyhead collided with several petroleum wagons that were loose on the tracks near Abergele's station. Due to the Irish Mail train's high speed of around 40 mph when the wagons came into view, there was not enough time for Arthur Thompson (the engine driver) to brake before colliding. Seeing the danger, Thompson jumped out of the train, sustaining minor injuries. The train then crashed into the wagons, which caused the train to derail, and the wagons exploded, with the burning petroleum spilling all over the carriages.

"Locomotives, cranes and men were sent from Chester and Crewe, and the line was cleared about half past five.. The telegraph wires having been broken prevented messages for assistance going earlier.. Twenty-three bodies have been brought to the Pensarn station, and placed in coffins by Mr. Waite, undertaker, of Chester, and taken to Abergele, and placed in the Church.. A number of passangers who are hurt are distributed about Pensarn, Abrgele, and places near".<ref>̼{{citation |title=fix it please |newspaper=Sheffield Independent |date=21 August 1868 |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000181/18680821/011/0002}}</ref>

In the disaster, 23 people died immediately through burning alive, with a further 10 dying later from their injuries.


An inquest was held a few days after and ran until early September of the same year. It concluded that it was no accident and that the two brakesmen of the goods train to which the petroleum wagons had previously been attached were to blame, and the deaths were manslaughter rather than an accident.
An inquest was held a few days after and ran until early September of the same year. It concluded that it was no accident and that the two brakesmen of the goods train to which the petroleum wagons had previously been attached were to blame, and the deaths were manslaughter.<ref name=railsea/><ref> [https://newspapers.library.wales/view/3870961/3870965/66/Brecon%20County%20Times%20AND%20Brecon%20County%20Times The Brecon County Times] 12 September 1868</ref>


=== Other===
=== Other===
[[Abergele Hospital|Abergele Sanitorium]] was built just outside Abergele in 1910;<ref name="na">{{citation |url=https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/hospitalrecords/details.asp?id=786|title=Abergele Hospital, Abergele|publisher=National Archives|access-date=24 February 2019}}</ref> it became a community hospital in the 1980s.<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.wales.nhs.uk/sitesplus/861/page/42921|title=Abergele Hospital|publisher=Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board|access-date=24 February 2019}}</ref>
[[Abergele Hospital|Abergele Sanitorium]] was built just outside Abergele in 1910;<ref name="na">{{citation |url=https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/hospitalrecords/details.asp?id=786|title=Abergele Hospital, Abergele|publisher=National Archives|access-date=24 February 2019}}</ref> it became a community hospital in the 1980s.<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.wales.nhs.uk/sitesplus/861/page/42921|title=Abergele Hospital|publisher=Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board|access-date=24 February 2019}}</ref>


On 30 June 1969, the evening before the [[Investiture of Charles, Prince of Wales|Investiture of the Prince of Wales]] in [[Caernarfon]], two members of [[Mudiad Amddiffyn Cymru]] (Welsh Defence Movement), Alwyn Jones and George Taylor, were killed when the bomb they were planting outside government offices exploded prematurely.
On 30 June 1969, the evening before the [[Investiture of Charles, Prince of Wales|Investiture of the Prince of Wales]] in [[Caernarfon]], two members of [[Mudiad Amddiffyn Cymru]] (Welsh Defence Movement), Alwyn Jones and George Taylor, were killed when the bomb they were planting outside government offices exploded prematurely.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dailypost.co.uk/news/north-wales-news/abergele-martyrs-killed-bomb-explosion-14852293 | title=The 'Abergele Martyrs' killed in bomb explosion on eve of Prince of Wales' investiture | date=3 July 2018 }}</ref>


In 2020 Abergele hosted the 20th edition of ''[[I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (British series 20)|I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!]]'' at [[Gwrych Castle]], and in 2021 it hosted the 21st series due to the Covid pandemic restrictions in Australia.{{cn|date=October 2021}}
In 2020 Abergele hosted the 20th edition of ''[[I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (British series 20)|I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!]]'' at [[Gwrych Castle]], and in 2021 it hosted the 21st series due to the Covid pandemic restrictions in Australia.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://inews.co.uk/news/im-a-celebrity-2021-filmed-wales-gywrych-castle-filming-australia-impossible-1131661 | title=I'm a Celebrity 2021 to return to Gwrych Castle in Wales as Australia filming still impossible | date=2 August 2021 }}</ref>


[[File:Tower_hill_abergele.jpg|thumb|bottom|Tower on Gallt-y-Felin-Wynt, Abergele]]
[[File:Tower_hill_abergele.jpg|thumb|bottom|Tower on Gallt-y-Felin-Wynt, Abergele]]
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* [[Aylward M. Blackman]] (1883–1956 in Abergele) Egyptologist, excavated sites in Egypt and Nubia
* [[Aylward M. Blackman]] (1883–1956 in Abergele) Egyptologist, excavated sites in Egypt and Nubia
* [[Mervyn Roberts]] (1906–1990), a Welsh composer, known for his piano music.
* [[Mervyn Roberts]] (1906–1990), a Welsh composer, known for his piano music.
* [[Ralph Steadman]] (born 1936), illustrator, best known for his collaboration with the writer Hunter S. Thompson.
* [[David Vaughan (footballer)|David Vaughan]] (born 1983), footballer with 476 club caps and 42 for [[Wales national football team|Wales]]
* [[David Vaughan (footballer)|David Vaughan]] (born 1983), footballer with 476 club caps and 42 for [[Wales national football team|Wales]]
* [[Georgia Wilson (equestrian)|Georgia Wilson]] (born 1995), paralympic equestrian
* [[Georgia Wilson (equestrian)|Georgia Wilson]] (born 1995), paralympic equestrian
* [[Jesu (band)|Jesu]], experimental metal band


== References ==
== References ==

Revision as of 01:21, 25 July 2024

For the district in Ethiopia, see Abergele (woreda).

Abergele
Abergele from Tan-y-Gopa
Abergele is located in Conwy
Abergele
Abergele
Location within Conwy
Population10,577 (2011)
OS grid referenceSH945775
Community
  • Abergele
Principal area
Preserved county
CountryWales
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townABERGELE
Postcode districtLL22
Dialling code01745
PoliceNorth Wales
FireNorth Wales
AmbulanceWelsh
UK Parliament
Senedd Cymru – Welsh Parliament
List of places
UK
Wales
Conwy
53°17′N 3°35′W / 53.28°N 3.58°W / 53.28; -3.58

Abergele (/æbɜːrˈɡɛlɪ/; Welsh: [ˌabɛrˈɡɛlɛ]; pronunciationⓘ) is a market town and community, situated on the north coast of Wales between the holiday resorts of Colwyn Bay and Rhyl, in Conwy County Borough and in the historic county of Denbighshire. Its northern suburb of Pensarn lies on the Irish Sea coast. Abergele and Pensarn railway station serves both resorts. Abergele is often overlooked due to the popularity of towns in nearby Rhyl, Prestatyn, Colwyn Bay, Llandudno and Conwy. Only 46.5% of the population was born in Wales as of the 2011 census.[1]

Etymology

The meaning of the name Abergele can be deduced by aber being the Welsh word for estuary, river mouth or confluence and Gele the name of the river which flows through the town. Gele is a dialectal form of gelau, which means spear, describing the action of the river cutting through the land. It has also been suggested this river is named because its waters flash brightly.

Geography

Gwrych Castle
Hill which the hillfort of Castell Cawr is situated

The town itself lies on the A55 road and is known for Gwrych Castle. The town is surrounded by woodland covered hillsides, which contain caves with the rare lesser horseshoe bat.[citation needed] The highest hill is Moelfre Isaf (1040 ft) to the south of the town.

There are views from Cefn-yr-Ogof (669 ft), Gallt-y-Felin-Wynt (Tower Hill) (587 ft) and Castell Cawr (known locally as Tan y Gopa and nicknamed 'Lôn garu' (Lover's Lane)) which is 189 metres (620 feet). Castell Cawr is an Iron Age hillfort, one of several in the area. Dinorben hillfort to the east of town was destroyed in the 1980s.

Abergele (including Pensarn) has a population of around 10,000[2] and is part of the Abergele/Rhyl/Prestatyn urban area with a population of 64,000. Approximately 29% of Abergele has a significant knowledge of Welsh.[citation needed] The town has satellite villages such as Saint George, Betws yn Rhos, Rhyd-y-foel, Belgrano, Llanddulas and Llanfair Talhaearn.

Pensarn and Belgrano are significantly less Welsh than the rest of town, with 69.3% of people having no Welsh identity in the 2011 census.[3]

History

Bridge Street, Abergele circa 1875
Cottages in Abergele

"I have observed, at low-water, far from the clayey banks, a long tract of hard loam, filled with the bodies of oak trees, tolerably entire; but so soft as to be cut with a knife as easily as wax. The wood is collected by the poorer people, and after being brought to dry upon the beach, is carried home and used as fuel; but, in burning, it emits a very bad smell."

Excerpt from 'Tours in Wales with Notes' by Thomas Pennant (1726 - 1798), Edited by John Rhŷs - 1883 [4]

Celtic and early Welsh history

Abergele was the site of an important clas (Celtic monastery) and remained settled into the 13th century. A "Prince Jonathan of Abergeleu" is listed by the B text of the Annals of Wales as dying during the 9th century reign of Rhodri the Great,[5] although Charles-Edwards has supposed him to have simply been the monastery's abbot.[6] Edward I is known to have briefly stayed there in December 1294 during his invasion of Wales to suppress the revolt of Madog ap Llywelyn.

Sites of historical interest include two Iron Age hillforts; Castell Cawr at Tan y Gopa and Dinorben (now virtually disappeared owing to limestone quarrying) at St. George. On Gallt y Felin Wynt, a hill above the town known as Bryn Tŵr or by its English name 'Tower Hill', is a 17th-century windmill, partially restored in 1930. There is another Iron Age fort at Pen y Corddyn Mawr hill above Rhyd y Foel. There is also another watchtower, 'Tŵr Arglwyddes Emily' or 'Lady Emily's Tower', which is located near Cefn yr Ogof.

Gwrych Castle

Gwrych Castle was built between 1819 and 1825 at the behest of Lloyd Hesketh Bamford-Hesketh. From 1894 until 1946 it was the residence of the Dundonald family.[7] Gwrych Castle's present owner, California businessman Nick Tavaglione, who bought the landmark in December 1989, put Gwrych up for auction on 2 June 2006, but it failed to sell. The condition of the property is being monitored by the Gwrych Castle Preservation Trust.[8] It is undergoing renovation.

The boxers Bruce Woodcock (in the late 1940s)[9] and Randolph Turpin (in 1952)[10] trained at Gwrych Castle. The film Prince Valiant, was filmed there in 1996, starring Edward Fox and Katherine Heigl.[11][12]

St. Michael's Parish Church

In a Welsh antiquarian book from 1860, it mentions that there has always been a 'local tradition or popular opinion that the original Abergele was overwhelmed by the sea' and that an inscribed stone at St Michael's parish church (built on the site of the old clas) which was once readable but had been weathered over time read;

"Yma mae'n gorwedd,
Yn mynwent Mihangel,
Gwr oedd ei annedd,
Dair milltir yn y gogledd"

Although through oral tradition, the elders believed that the weathered stone was a modern copy of the original which could be found on the other side of the wall which was far more weathered and illegible. In 1890's, a third (bilingual) copy was made and presented by Mrs Taylor of Dolhyfryd and the vicar, David Evans. The updated inscription (with slightly altered text) on the tombstone reads in order:

"YMA MAE'N GORWEDD YN MONWENT MIHANGEL WR OEDD A'I ANNEDD DAIR MILLTIR I'R GOGLEDD"

"HERE LIETH IN ST. MICHAEL's CHURCHYARD A MAN WHO HAD HIS DWELLING THREE MILES TO THE NORTH"

As the sea is little more than half a mile away at this point, this suggests that the sea has made some considerable advance over the centuries.[13][14]

Outside the church is a penitential stone where sinners had to do penance by standing, dressed in white, by the stone and beseech the congregation for mercy as they entered and left the church.[15]

Railway disaster

In 1868 the railway line through Abergele was the site of the worst railway disaster in Britain to that time. The result of a series of circumstances, errors and failures led to loose wagons containing barrels of paraffin, detached from another train at nearby Llanddulas, rolling down towards Abergele. The Irish Mail train from Euston to Holyhead ran into them. Its leading coaches were enveloped in flame which burned occupants alive. In all 33 people died.[16][17][18]

An inquest was held a few days after and ran until early September of the same year. It concluded that it was no accident and that the two brakesmen of the goods train to which the petroleum wagons had previously been attached were to blame, and the deaths were manslaughter.[16][19]

Other

Abergele Sanitorium was built just outside Abergele in 1910;[20] it became a community hospital in the 1980s.[21]

On 30 June 1969, the evening before the Investiture of the Prince of Wales in Caernarfon, two members of Mudiad Amddiffyn Cymru (Welsh Defence Movement), Alwyn Jones and George Taylor, were killed when the bomb they were planting outside government offices exploded prematurely.[22]

In 2020 Abergele hosted the 20th edition of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! at Gwrych Castle, and in 2021 it hosted the 21st series due to the Covid pandemic restrictions in Australia.[23]

Tower on Gallt-y-Felin-Wynt, Abergele

Notable people

References

  1. ^ UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Abergele Parish (W04000105)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
  2. ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : Conwy, archived from the original on 29 August 2012, retrieved 8 November 2010
  3. ^ Pensarn national identity, neighbourhood statistics, retrieved 14 December 2014
  4. ^ "Tours in Wales with Notes by Thomas Pennant Edited by John Rhŷs' - Printed and Published by H. Humpphreys (Caernarfon)'". 1883 – via Internet Archive.
  5. ^ The Annals of Wales (B text), p. 10.
  6. ^ Charles-Edwards, T.M. "The Heir-Apparent in Irish and Welsh Law". Celtica, Vol. 9, p. 180–90. Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1971. Accessed 27 Feb 2013.
  7. ^ A brief history of Gwrych Castle, Gwrych Castle Preservation Trust, archived from the original on 28 February 2009, retrieved 14 March 2009
  8. ^ What is the Castle Trust?, Gwrych Castle Preservation Trust, archived from the original on 18 February 2009, retrieved 14 March 2009
  9. ^ "Terrified Doncaster boxer fled from 'ghost' at new I'm a Celebrity castle". 4 September 2020.
  10. ^ "Gwrych Castle event will celebrate the life of the great Randolph Turpin". 30 June 2016.
  11. ^ "How one historic castle went from derelict ruin to television show star - ITV News". ITV News. 19 November 2020. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  12. ^ "The Welsh castle left to rot for decades and brought back to life on I'm a Celeb". 18 November 2020.
  13. ^ Black, Adam and Charles (1857), Black's Picturesque Guide to North Wales, p. 30
  14. ^ ̺The mediæval history of Denbighshire. The records of Denbigh and its lordship: bearing upon the general history of the county of Denbigh since the conquest of Wales; by Williams, John, of Wrexham, Wales, Wrexham, G. Bayley, 1860
  15. ^ "Penance Stone at St Michael's Church, Abergele -". 20 October 2017.
  16. ^ a b "London and North Western Railway" (PDF). railwaysarchive.co.uk. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
  17. ^ "Terrible Railway Disaster - Twenty-Three Persons Burned Alive, Many More Injured", Sheffield Independent, 21 August 1868 – via British Newspaper Archive
  18. ^ The Queenslander, Saturday, November 7, 1868 - https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/20321387
  19. ^ The Brecon County Times 12 September 1868
  20. ^ Abergele Hospital, Abergele, National Archives, retrieved 24 February 2019
  21. ^ Abergele Hospital, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, retrieved 24 February 2019
  22. ^ "The 'Abergele Martyrs' killed in bomb explosion on eve of Prince of Wales' investiture". 3 July 2018.
  23. ^ "I'm a Celebrity 2021 to return to Gwrych Castle in Wales as Australia filming still impossible". 2 August 2021.
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