Tariq Ali: Difference between revisions

Tariq Ali
Tariq Ali
	Ali in 2011
Born	21 October 1943 (age 80); Lahore, Punjab, British India
Occupation	Political Activist; Historian; Novelist
Alma mater	Exeter College, Oxford, Government College University, Lahore
Genre	Geopolitics; History; Marxism; Postcolonialism
Literary movement	New Left
Spouse	Susan Watkins
Children	3

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Tariq Ali (Urdu: طارق علی; /ˈtærɪk ˈæli/; born 21 October 1943)^[1] is a Pakistani-British political activist, writer, journalist, historian, filmmaker, and public intellectual.^[2]^[3] He is a member of the editorial committee of the New Left Review and Sin Permiso, and contributes to The Guardian, CounterPunch, and the London Review of Books. He studied Philosophy, Politics, and Economics at Exeter College, Oxford.

He is the author of many books, including Pakistan: Military Rule or People's Power (1970), Can Pakistan Survive? The Death of a State (1983), Clash of Fundamentalisms: Crusades, Jihads and Modernity (2002), Bush in Babylon (2003), Conversations with Edward Said (2005), Pirates of the Caribbean: Axis Of Hope (2006), A Banker for All Seasons (2007), The Duel (2008), The Obama Syndrome (2010),^[4] and The Extreme Centre: A Warning (2015).^[5]

Early life

Ali was born and raised in Lahore, Punjab in British India (later part of Pakistan).^[6]^[7] He is the son of journalist Mazhar Ali Khan^[8] and activist Tahira Mazhar Ali Khan. Ali's mother, Tahira, was the daughter of Sir Sikandar Hyat Khan, who led the Unionist Muslim League and was later Prime Minister of the Punjab from 1937 to 1942.^[8] Ali's father, Mazhar, had been "mobilising peasants in his family's fiefdom" when he was invited to join the Pakistan Times by Mian Iftikharuddin,^[9] later becoming sympathetic to the Communist cause, although he never joined the party.^[10]

Ali's father and mother, who were cousins, eloped. His mother later said: "Mazhar left for the Middle East on military service. I was very pregnant by then. We didn't see each other for two years. Our son Tariq was born while Mazhar was away. By the time he returned, I had joined the Communist Party. I had given away my entire trousseau, including the family jewels, to the Party."^[10]

Emerging activism

Ali first became politically active in his teens, taking part in opposition to the military dictatorship of Pakistan. An uncle who worked in the Pakistani military intelligence^[8] warned his parents that Ali could not be protected.^[6] His parents therefore decided to get him out of Pakistan and sent him to England, where he studied Philosophy, Politics, and Economics at Exeter College, Oxford.^[6]^[11] At Oxford, he became a member of the Oxford University Humanist Group, where he discovered "that debates and discussions here were far more stimulating than those conducted within the careerist confines of the Labour Club".^[12] He was elected President of the Oxford Union in 1965. In 1967 Ali was one of 64 prominent figures, including the Beatles, who signed a petition calling for the legalisation of marijuana.^[13] Ali's tenure at the Union included a meeting with Malcolm X in December 1964 during which Malcolm X expressed deep consternation about his own risk of assassination.^[14]

Career

His public profile began to grow during the Vietnam War, when he engaged in debates against the war with such figures as Henry Kissinger and Michael Stewart. He testified at the Russell Tribunal over US involvement in Vietnam. As time passed, Ali became increasingly critical of American and Israeli foreign policies. He was also a vigorous opponent of American relations with Pakistan that tended to back military dictatorships over democracy. He was one of the marchers on the American embassy in London in 1968 in a demonstration against the Vietnam War.^[15]

Active in the New Left of the 1960s, he has long been associated with the New Left Review. Ali inserted himself into politics through his involvement with The Black Dwarf newspaper. In 1968 he joined the International Marxist Group (IMG). He was recruited to the leadership of the IMG and became a member of the International Executive Committee of the (reunified) Fourth International. He also befriended influential figures such as Malcolm X, Stokely Carmichael, John Lennon and Yoko Ono.^[16]

In 1967, Ali was in Camiri, Bolivia, not far from where Che Guevara was captured, to observe the trial of Régis Debray. He was accused of being a Cuban revolutionary by authorities. Ali then said: "If you torture me the whole night and I can speak Spanish in the morning I'll be grateful to you for the rest of my life."^[17]

During this period he was an IMG candidate in Sheffield Attercliffe at the February 1974 general election and was co-author of Trotsky for Beginners, a cartoon book. In 1981, Ali quit the IMG and joined the Labour Party to support Tony Benn in his bid to become deputy leader of the Labour Party.^[18]

In 1990, he published the satire Redemption, on the inability of the Trotskyists to handle the downfall of the Eastern bloc. The book contains parodies of many well-known figures in the Trotskyist movement. In 1999 Ali strongly criticised NATO intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the piece Springtime for NATO,^[19] and book Masters of the Universe? NATO's Balkan Crusade in which he negated extent and nature of crimes committed by Serbian forces in Bosnia and Kosovo.^[20] He defended denialist claims espoused by figures such as Diana Johnstone and Edward S. Herman.^[21]^[22]^[23]

His book, Clash of Fundamentalisms, aimed to put the events of the September 11 attacks in historical perspective. He followed that with Bush in Babylon, which criticised the 2003 invasion of Iraq by American president George W. Bush. The book uses poetry and critical essays in portraying the war in Iraq as a failure. Ali believes that the new Iraqi government will fail.^{[citation needed]}

Ali has remained a critic of modern neoliberal economics and was present at the 2005 World Social Forum in Porto Alegre, Brazil, where he was one of 19 to sign the Porto Alegre Manifesto. He supports the model of the Bolivarian Revolution in Venezuela.^[24]

He has been described as "the alleged inspiration" for the Rolling Stones' song "Street Fighting Man", recorded in 1968.^[25] John Lennon's "Power to the People" was inspired by an interview Lennon gave to Ali.^[26]

Ali participated in the 2012 Sight & Sound critics' poll, where he listed his ten favourite films as follows: The Battle of Algiers, Charulata, Crimson Gold, The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie, Entranced Earth, If...., Osaka Elegy, The Puppetmaster, Rashomon, and Tout Va Bien.^[27]

He has written in favour of Scottish independence.^[28]

During the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, Ali was sympathetic to a Leave vote on left-wing grounds, whilst simultaneously criticizing right-wing support for Brexit based on opposition to immigration.^[29]

In 2020, Ali was a member of the Belmarsh Tribunal organized by Progressive International, investigating and evaluating the war crimes committed by the United States government in the 21st century.^{[citation needed]}

In November 2020, a British public inquiry into the work of undercover police officers was provided with evidence that Ali had been spied upon by at least 14 undercover police officers over a period of decades. The surveillance began in 1965 when he became president of the Oxford Union, and continued until at least 2003, when Ali was on the national committee of the Stop the War Coalition trying to prevent the invasion of Iraq. Ali said "It is incredible to think that after 35 years, in 2003, under the Tony Blair Labour government, that Special Branch were still engaging in the same anti-democratic activity as they had been at the outset".^[30]

Screenplay

Tariq Ali's The Leopard and The Fox, first written as a BBC screenplay in 1985, is about the last days of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto. Never previously produced because of a censorship controversy, it was finally premiered in New York in October 2007, the day before former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto returned to her home country after eight years in exile.^[31]

In 2009, Ali with Mark Weisbrot wrote the screenplay to the Oliver Stone documentary South of the Border.^[32] This gave a favourable account of Hugo Chávez and other left-wing Latin American leaders. Interviewed in the documentary, Ali explained the role that Bolivian water privatisation and the 2000 Cochabamba protests played in eventually bringing Evo Morales to power.

Personal life

Ali currently lives in Camden, north London, with his partner Susan Watkins, editor of the New Left Review. He has three children. He grew up in a secular family that was more culturally Muslim than religious, and describes himself as an atheist.^[33]^[34]

Selected works

The New Revolutionaries: A Handbook of the International Radical Left (editor), New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1969. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 79-79860
Pakistan: Military Rule or People's Power (1970). ISBN 978-0-224-61864-9
The Coming British Revolution (1971). ISBN 978-0-224-00630-9
1968 and After: Inside the Revolution (1978). ISBN 978-0-85634-082-6
Chile, Lessons of the Coup: Which Way to Workers Power (1978) .ISBN 978-0-85612-107-4
Trotsky for Beginners (1980). ISBN 978-0-906495-27-8
Can Pakistan Survive?: The Death of a State (1983). ISBN 978-0-8052-7194-2; (1991) ISBN 978-0-86091-260-6
Who's Afraid of Margaret Thatcher? In Praise of Socialism (1984). ISBN 978-0-86091-802-8
The Stalinist Legacy: Its Impact on 20th-Century World Politics (1984). ISBN 978-0-931477-56-0
An Indian Dynasty: The Story of the Nehru-Gandhi Family (1985). ISBN 978-0-399-13074-8
Street Fighting Years: An Autobiography of the Sixties (1987). ISBN 978-0-00-217779-5
Revolution from Above: Soviet Union Now (1988). ISBN 978-0-86091-268-2
Iranian Nights (1989). ISBN 978-1-85459-026-8
Moscow Gold (1990). ISBN 978-1-85459-078-7
Redemption (1990). ISBN 978-0-7011-3394-8
Shadows of the Pomegranate Tree (1992; 1st in the Islam Quintet). ISBN 978-0-7011-3944-5
Ugly Rumours (1998). ISBN 978-1-85459-426-6
1968: Marching in the Streets (1998). ISBN 978-0-7475-3763-2
Fear of Mirrors Arcadia Books (4 August 1998). ISBN 978-1-900850-10-0; University of Chicago Press (10 August 2010). ISBN 978-1-906497-15-6
The Book of Saladin (1998; 2nd in the "Islam Quintet"). ISBN 978-1-85984-834-0
Masters of the Universe? NATO's Balkan Crusade (2000). ISBN 978-1-85984-752-7
Clash of Fundamentalisms: Crusades, Jihads and Modernity (2002). ISBN 978-1-85984-679-7
Bush in Babylon (2003). ISBN 978-1-85984-583-7
Street-Fighting Years: An Autobiography of the Sixties (2005). ISBN 978-1-84467-029-1
Speaking of Empire and Resistance: Conversations with Tariq Ali (2005). ISBN 978-1-56584-954-9
Rough Music: Blair, Bombs, Baghdad, London, Terror (2005). ISBN 978-1-84467-545-6
Conversations with Edward Said (2005). ISBN 978-1-905422-04-3
A Sultan in Palermo (2005; featuring Muhammad al-Idrisi and Roger II of Sicily; 4th in the "Islam Quintet"). ISBN 978-1-84467-025-3
The Leopard and the Fox (2006). ISBN 978-1-905422-29-6
Pirates of the Caribbean: Axis of Hope (2006) ISBN 978-1-84467-102-1; revised edn. (2008). ISBN 978-1-84467-248-6
A Banker for All Seasons: Bank of Crooks and Cheats Incorporated (2007). ISBN 978-1-905422-65-4
The assassination: Who Killed Indira G? (2008). ISBN 978-1-905422-85-2
The Duel: Pakistan on the Flight Path of American Power (2008). ISBN 978-1-84737-355-7
The Protocols of the Elders of Sodom: and other Essays (2009). ISBN 978-1-84467-367-4
The Idea of Communism (non-fiction) (2009). ISBN 978-1-906497-26-2
Night of the Golden Butterfly (2010; 5th in the "Islam Quintet"). ISBN 978-1-84467-611-8
The Obama Syndrome: Surrender at Home, War Abroad (2010). ISBN 978-1-84467-449-7
On History: Tariq Ali and Oliver Stone in Conversation. (2011), ISBN 978-1-60846-149-3
Kashmir: The Case for Freedom (2011). ISBN 1-844-67735-4
The Extreme Centre: A Warning (2015). ISBN 978-1-78478-262-7
Permanent Counter Revolution (2016). ISBN 978-1-78478-432-4
The Dilemmas of Lenin: Terrorism, War, Empire, Love, Revolution (2017). ISBN 978-1-78663-110-7
Winston Churchill: His Times, His Crimes (2022). ISBN 978-1-78873-577-3

References

^ Stade, George (2009). Encyclopedia of British Writers, 1800 to the Present Volume 2. p. 12.
^ Tariq Ali Biography Archived 1 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Contemporary Writers, accessed 31 October 2006
^ "As 250 Killed in Clashes Near Afghan Border, British-Pakistani Author Tariq Ali on Pakistan, Afghanistan, and the Ongoing U.S. Role in Regional Turmoil Archived 14 November 2007 at the Wayback Machine", Democracy Now!, 10 October 2007. Retrieved 11 October 2007.
^ "Tariq Ali". British Council of Literature. Archived from the original on 1 March 2014. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
^ "Archives". tariqali.org. Tariq Ali. Archived from the original on 20 April 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
^ ^a ^b ^c Campbell, James (8 May 2010). "A life in writing: Tariq Ali". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 June 2024. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
^ Davies, Hunter (22 February 1994). "The Hunter Davies Interview: For you, Tariq Ali, the revolution is over: The Sixties Marxist bogeyman has matured into a minor media mogul... and he has managed to acquire a sense of humour". The Independent. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 15 September 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c Kumar, Sashi (9 August 2013). "In conversation with Tariq Ali: The New World Disorder". Frontline. Archived from the original on 28 July 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
^ Rehman, I.A. (15 June 2017). "An outstanding journalist". Dawn. Karachi. Archived from the original on 8 February 2020. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
^ ^a ^b Mohsin, Jugnu (27 March 2015). "Tahira Mazhar Ali Khan, 1925–2015". The Friday Times. Lahore. Archived from the original on 10 July 2018. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
^ "Tariq Ali profile". BBC Four Documentary article. Archived from the original on 17 September 2007. Retrieved 26 April 2007.
^ Race Today Collective (1988). Race Today Review 1988: vol 18 no 2. Darcus Howe Collective. Race Today Collective.
^ "The Beatles call for the legalisation of marijuana". 24 July 1967. Archived from the original on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 10 April 2014.
^ Ali, Tariq (May–June 2011). "Leaving Shabazz". New Left Review. II (69). Archived from the original on 30 January 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
^ Ali, Tariq (22 March 2008). "Where has all the rage gone?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 1 September 2018. Retrieved 6 January 2011.
^ "1968, Forty Years Later: Tariq Ali Looks Back on a Pivotal Year in the Global Struggle for Social Justice". Democracynow.org. 29 May 2008. Archived from the original on 5 October 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2012.
^ "From Vietnam To Iraq To Bolivia-Tariq Ali". YouTube. Archived from the original on 29 September 2013. Retrieved 3 August 2012.
^ "Tariq Ali: Why I'm Joining the Labour Party (December 1981)". www.marxists.org. Archived from the original on 15 July 2018. Retrieved 11 November 2018.
^ Ali, Tariq (March–April 1999). "Springtime for NATO". New Left Review. I (234). Archived from the original on 28 March 2014. Retrieved 6 February 2014.
^ Williams, Ian (September 2000). "More Agitprop than reasoned argument". Bosnian Institute UK. Archived from the original on 2 March 2019. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
^ "Decline and fall of the puppetmasters | Nick Cohen". The Guardian. 16 July 2011. Archived from the original on 16 June 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
^ Taylor, Tony (2008). "Denial". Denial: History Betrayed. Melbourne Univ. Publishing. p. 168. ISBN 978-0-522-85907-2. Archived from the original on 16 June 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
^ Dal Cassian (4 June 2011). "Why Noam Chomsky, Tariq Ali, Arundhati Roy and their co-thinkers should apologise over Mladic and Srebrenica: | Workers' Liberty". workersliberty.org. Archived from the original on 16 June 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
^ "Oliver Stone, Tariq Ali and Mark Weisbrot respond to NY Times attack on South of the Border " Verso UK's Blog". Versouk.wordpress.com. 30 June 2010. Archived from the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2012.
^ Hazou, Christopher Hazou, "Journalism and jingoism: Ownership and gullibility are two recurring problems for the Western press, says author and activist Tariq Ali", Montreal Mirror. Archives: 27 September – 3 October 2007, Vol. 23, No. 15.
^ Thomson, Elizabeth; Gutman, David, eds. (2004). The Lennon Companion. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press. p. 165. ISBN 0-306-81270-3.
^ "Tariq Ali | BFI". Archived from the original on 18 August 2016.
^ Ali, Tariq (13 March 2014). "Scots, undo this union of rogues. Independence is the only way to fulfil your potential". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 June 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2014.
^ "Lateline – 31/05/2016: Interview: Tariq Ali, British writer and commentator". Abc.net.au. 31 May 2016. Archived from the original on 5 October 2016. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
^ Evans, Rob (11 November 2020). "Tariq Ali spied on by at least 14 undercover officers, inquiry hears". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 June 2024. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
^ Shourin Roy (19 July 2007). "The Leopard and the Fox: Our new season begins". Alter Ego Blog. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 20 August 2007.
^ "Cast & Credits". South of the Border. Archived from the original on 23 August 2012. Retrieved 3 August 2012.
^ "The Hunter Davies Interview: For you, Tariq Ali, the revolution is over: The Sixties Marxist bogeyman has matured into a minor media mogul . . . and he has managed to acquire a sense of humour". The Independent. 22 February 1994. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
^ Tariq Ali (13 February 2006). "This is the real outrage". The Guardian. Guardian News & Media Limited. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 21 October 2020. I am an atheist and do not know the meaning of the "religious pain" that is felt by believers of every case when what they believe in is insulted.

External links

Tariq Ali Official webpage Archived 9 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine
Appearances on C-SPAN
Tariq Ali at the international literature festival berlin Archived 22 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine

[1] Stade, George (2009). Encyclopedia of British Writers, 1800 to the Present Volume 2. p. 12.

[2] Tariq Ali Biography Archived 1 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Contemporary Writers, accessed 31 October 2006

[3] "As 250 Killed in Clashes Near Afghan Border, British-Pakistani Author Tariq Ali on Pakistan, Afghanistan, and the Ongoing U.S. Role in Regional Turmoil Archived 14 November 2007 at the Wayback Machine", Democracy Now!, 10 October 2007. Retrieved 11 October 2007.

[BCL1-4] "Tariq Ali". British Council of Literature. Archived from the original on 1 March 2014. Retrieved 24 February 2014.

[5] "Archives". tariqali.org. Tariq Ali. Archived from the original on 20 April 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2015.

[jamescampbell-6] Campbell, James (8 May 2010). "A life in writing: Tariq Ali". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 June 2024. Retrieved 13 December 2016.

[7] Davies, Hunter (22 February 1994). "The Hunter Davies Interview: For you, Tariq Ali, the revolution is over: The Sixties Marxist bogeyman has matured into a minor media mogul... and he has managed to acquire a sense of humour". The Independent. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 15 September 2017.

[frontline2013-8] Kumar, Sashi (9 August 2013). "In conversation with Tariq Ali: The New World Disorder". Frontline. Archived from the original on 28 July 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2014.

[Dawn_15_June_2017-9] Rehman, I.A. (15 June 2017). "An outstanding journalist". Dawn. Karachi. Archived from the original on 8 February 2020. Retrieved 4 September 2017.

[The_Friday_Times_27_March_2015-10] Mohsin, Jugnu (27 March 2015). "Tahira Mazhar Ali Khan, 1925–2015". The Friday Times. Lahore. Archived from the original on 10 July 2018. Retrieved 4 September 2017.

[11] "Tariq Ali profile". BBC Four Documentary article. Archived from the original on 17 September 2007. Retrieved 26 April 2007.

[12] Race Today Collective (1988). Race Today Review 1988: vol 18 no 2. Darcus Howe Collective. Race Today Collective.

[13] "The Beatles call for the legalisation of marijuana". 24 July 1967. Archived from the original on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 10 April 2014.

[14] Ali, Tariq (May–June 2011). "Leaving Shabazz". New Left Review. II (69). Archived from the original on 30 January 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2015.

[15] Ali, Tariq (22 March 2008). "Where has all the rage gone?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 1 September 2018. Retrieved 6 January 2011.

[16] "1968, Forty Years Later: Tariq Ali Looks Back on a Pivotal Year in the Global Struggle for Social Justice". Democracynow.org. 29 May 2008. Archived from the original on 5 October 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2012.

[17] "From Vietnam To Iraq To Bolivia-Tariq Ali". YouTube. Archived from the original on 29 September 2013. Retrieved 3 August 2012.

[18] "Tariq Ali: Why I'm Joining the Labour Party (December 1981)". www.marxists.org. Archived from the original on 15 July 2018. Retrieved 11 November 2018.

[19] Ali, Tariq (March–April 1999). "Springtime for NATO". New Left Review. I (234). Archived from the original on 28 March 2014. Retrieved 6 February 2014.

[Ian-Williams-2000-Tariq-20] Williams, Ian (September 2000). "More Agitprop than reasoned argument". Bosnian Institute UK. Archived from the original on 2 March 2019. Retrieved 6 January 2020.

[Nick_Cohen-Guardian-2011-21] "Decline and fall of the puppetmasters | Nick Cohen". The Guardian. 16 July 2011. Archived from the original on 16 June 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2020.

[Taylor-Denial-2008-p.168-22] Taylor, Tony (2008). "Denial". Denial: History Betrayed. Melbourne Univ. Publishing. p. 168. ISBN 978-0-522-85907-2. Archived from the original on 16 June 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2020.

[Cassian-workersliberty-2011-23] Dal Cassian (4 June 2011). "Why Noam Chomsky, Tariq Ali, Arundhati Roy and their co-thinkers should apologise over Mladic and Srebrenica: | Workers' Liberty". workersliberty.org. Archived from the original on 16 June 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2020.

[24] "Oliver Stone, Tariq Ali and Mark Weisbrot respond to NY Times attack on South of the Border " Verso UK's Blog". Versouk.wordpress.com. 30 June 2010. Archived from the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2012.

[25] Hazou, Christopher Hazou, "Journalism and jingoism: Ownership and gullibility are two recurring problems for the Western press, says author and activist Tariq Ali", Montreal Mirror. Archives: 27 September – 3 October 2007, Vol. 23, No. 15.

[companion-26] Thomson, Elizabeth; Gutman, David, eds. (2004). The Lennon Companion. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press. p. 165. ISBN 0-306-81270-3.

[27] "Tariq Ali | BFI". Archived from the original on 18 August 2016.

[28] Ali, Tariq (13 March 2014). "Scots, undo this union of rogues. Independence is the only way to fulfil your potential". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 June 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2014.

[29] "Lateline – 31/05/2016: Interview: Tariq Ali, British writer and commentator". Abc.net.au. 31 May 2016. Archived from the original on 5 October 2016. Retrieved 28 January 2017.

[30] Evans, Rob (11 November 2020). "Tariq Ali spied on by at least 14 undercover officers, inquiry hears". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 June 2024. Retrieved 14 November 2020.

[31] Shourin Roy (19 July 2007). "The Leopard and the Fox: Our new season begins". Alter Ego Blog. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 20 August 2007.

[32] "Cast & Credits". South of the Border. Archived from the original on 23 August 2012. Retrieved 3 August 2012.

[33] "The Hunter Davies Interview: For you, Tariq Ali, the revolution is over: The Sixties Marxist bogeyman has matured into a minor media mogul . . . and he has managed to acquire a sense of humour". The Independent. 22 February 1994. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 28 January 2017.

[34] Tariq Ali (13 February 2006). "This is the real outrage". The Guardian. Guardian News & Media Limited. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 21 October 2020. I am an atheist and do not know the meaning of the "religious pain" that is felt by believers of every case when what they believe in is insulted.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Other people}}
 {{short description|British political activist, writer, and historian (born 1943)}}
+{{Other people}}
 {{EngvarB|date=August 2020}}
 {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 |birth_date  = {{birth date and age|1943|10|21|df=y}}
 |birth_place = [[Lahore]], [[Punjab (British India)|Punjab]], [[British Raj|British India]]
-|occupation  = Historian<br>novelist<br>activist
+|occupation  = Political Activist<br>Historian<br>Novelist
 |alma_mater  = [[Exeter College, Oxford]], [[Government College University, Lahore]]
 |genre       = [[Geopolitics]]<br>History<br>[[Marxism]]<br>[[Postcolonialism]]
@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 }}
-'''Tariq Ali''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|æ|r|ɪ|k|_|ˈ|æ|l|i}}; born 21 October 1943)<ref>{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of British Writers, 1800 to the Present Volume 2|last=Stade|first=George|year=2009|page=12}}</ref> is a [[British Pakistanis|Pakistani-British]] political [[activist]], [[writer]], [[journalist]], [[historian]], [[filmmaker]], and [[public intellectual]].<ref>[http://www.contemporarywriters.com/authors/?p=auth164#bibliography Tariq Ali Biography] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001020955/http://www.contemporarywriters.com/authors/?p=auth164 |date=1 October 2007 }}, Contemporary Writers, accessed 31 October 2006</ref><ref>"[http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=07/10/10/1414233 As 250 Killed in Clashes Near Afghan Border, British-Pakistani Author Tariq Ali on Pakistan, Afghanistan, and the Ongoing U.S. Role in Regional Turmoil] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114152714/http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=07%2F10%2F10%2F1414233 |date=14 November 2007 }}", ''[[Democracy Now!]]'', 10 October 2007. Retrieved 11 October 2007.</ref> He is a member of the editorial committee of the ''[[New Left Review]]'' and ''Sin Permiso'', and contributes to ''[[The Guardian]]'', ''[[CounterPunch]]'', and the ''[[London Review of Books]]''. He read [[Philosophy, Politics, and Economics]] at [[Exeter College, Oxford]].
+'''Tariq Ali''' ({{lang-ur|طارق علی}}; {{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|æ|r|ɪ|k|_|ˈ|æ|l|i}}; born 21 October 1943)<ref>{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of British Writers, 1800 to the Present Volume 2|last=Stade|first=George|year=2009|page=12}}</ref> is a [[British Pakistanis|Pakistani-British]] political [[activist]], [[writer]], [[journalist]], [[historian]], [[filmmaker]], and [[public intellectual]].<ref>[http://www.contemporarywriters.com/authors/?p=auth164#bibliography Tariq Ali Biography] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001020955/http://www.contemporarywriters.com/authors/?p=auth164 |date=1 October 2007 }}, Contemporary Writers, accessed 31 October 2006</ref><ref>"[http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=07/10/10/1414233 As 250 Killed in Clashes Near Afghan Border, British-Pakistani Author Tariq Ali on Pakistan, Afghanistan, and the Ongoing U.S. Role in Regional Turmoil] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114152714/http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=07%2F10%2F10%2F1414233 |date=14 November 2007 }}", ''[[Democracy Now!]]'', 10 October 2007. Retrieved 11 October 2007.</ref> He is a member of the editorial committee of the ''[[New Left Review]]'' and ''Sin Permiso'', and contributes to ''[[The Guardian]]'', ''[[CounterPunch]]'', and the ''[[London Review of Books]]''. He studied [[Philosophy, Politics, and Economics]] at [[Exeter College, Oxford]].
-He is the author of many books, including ''Pakistan: Military Rule or People's Power'' (1970), ''Can Pakistan Survive? The Death of a State'' (1983), ''Clash of Fundamentalisms: Crusades, Jihads and Modernity'' (2002), ''[[Bush in Babylon]]'' (2003), ''Conversations with [[Edward Said]]'' (2005), ''Pirates of the Caribbean: Axis Of Hope'' (2006), ''A Banker for All Seasons'' (2007), ''The Duel'' (2008), ''[[The Obama Syndrome]]'' (2010),<ref name=BCL1>{{cite web|title=Tariq Ali|url=http://literature.britishcouncil.org/tariq-ali|publisher=British Council of Literature|access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref> and ''[[The Extreme Centre: A Warning]]'' (2015).<ref>{{cite web | title = Archives | url = http://tariqali.org/archives/2912 | website = tariqali.org | publisher = Tariq Ali }}</ref>
+He is the author of many books, including ''Pakistan: Military Rule or People's Power'' (1970), ''Can Pakistan Survive? The Death of a State'' (1983), ''Clash of Fundamentalisms: Crusades, Jihads and Modernity'' (2002), ''[[Bush in Babylon]]'' (2003), ''Conversations with [[Edward Said]]'' (2005), ''Pirates of the Caribbean: Axis Of Hope'' (2006), ''A Banker for All Seasons'' (2007), ''The Duel'' (2008), ''[[The Obama Syndrome]]'' (2010),<ref name=BCL1>{{cite web|title=Tariq Ali|url=http://literature.britishcouncil.org/tariq-ali|publisher=British Council of Literature|access-date=24 February 2014|archive-date=1 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301204710/http://literature.britishcouncil.org/tariq-ali|url-status=live}}</ref> and ''[[The Extreme Centre: A Warning]]'' (2015).<ref>{{cite web | title = Archives | url = http://tariqali.org/archives/2912 | website = tariqali.org | publisher = Tariq Ali | access-date = 24 April 2015 | archive-date = 20 April 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150420015310/http://tariqali.org/archives/2912 | url-status = dead }}</ref>
 == Early life ==
-Ali was born and raised in [[Lahore]], Punjab in [[British India]] (later part of [[Pakistan]]).<ref name="jamescampbell">{{cite news | last = Campbell | first = James | title = A life in writing: Tariq Ali | url = https://www.theguardian.com/books/2010/may/08/tariq-ali-life-in-writing | work = The Guardian | date = 8 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last = Davies | first = Hunter | title = The Hunter Davies Interview: For you, Tariq Ali, the revolution is over: The Sixties Marxist bogeyman has matured into a minor media mogul... and he has managed to acquire a sense of humour | url = https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/the-hunter-davies-interview-for-you-tariq-ali-the-revolution-is-over-the-sixties-marxist-bogeyman-has-matured-into-a-minor-media-mogul----and-he-has-managed-to-acquire-a-sense-of-humour-1395731.html | work = The Independent | date = 22 February 1994 }}</ref> He is the son of journalist [[Mazhar Ali Khan (journalist)|Mazhar Ali Khan]]<ref name='frontline2013' /> and activist  [[Tahira Mazhar Ali Khan]]. Ali's mother, Tahira, was the daughter of [[Sir Sikandar Hyat Khan]], who led the [[Unionist Muslim League]] and was later Prime Minister of the [[Punjab]] from 1937 to 1942.<ref name='frontline2013'>{{cite news | first = Sashi | last = Kumar | title = In conversation with Tariq Ali: The New World Disorder | date = 9 August 2013 | url = http://www.frontline.in/cover-story/the-new-world-disorder/article4944883.ece | work = [[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]] | access-date = 2 February 2014}}</ref> Ali's father, Mazhar, had been "mobilising peasants in his family’s fiefdom" when he was invited to join the ''[[Pakistan Times]]'' by [[Mian Iftikharuddin]],<ref name="Dawn 15 June 2017">{{cite news |last= Rehman |first= I.A. |title= An outstanding journalist |url= https://www.dawn.com/news/1339583| date= 15 June 2017|newspaper= [[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |location=Karachi| access-date= 4 September 2017 }}</ref> later becoming sympathetic to the Communist cause, although he never joined the party.<ref name="The Friday Times 27 March 2015">{{cite news |last= Mohsin |first= Jugnu | author-link= Jugnu Mohsin |title= Tahira Mazhar Ali Khan, 1925–2015|url= http://www.thefridaytimes.com/tft/tahira-mazhar-ali-khan-1925-2015/| date= 27 March 2015|newspaper= [[The Friday Times]] |location=Lahore| access-date= 4 September 2017 }}</ref>
+Ali was born and raised in [[Lahore]], Punjab in [[British India]] (later part of [[Pakistan]]).<ref name="jamescampbell">{{cite news | last = Campbell | first = James | title = A life in writing: Tariq Ali | url = https://www.theguardian.com/books/2010/may/08/tariq-ali-life-in-writing | work = The Guardian | date = 8 May 2010 | access-date = 13 December 2016 | archive-date = 16 June 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240616125451/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2010/may/08/tariq-ali-life-in-writing | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last = Davies | first = Hunter | title = The Hunter Davies Interview: For you, Tariq Ali, the revolution is over: The Sixties Marxist bogeyman has matured into a minor media mogul... and he has managed to acquire a sense of humour | url = https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/the-hunter-davies-interview-for-you-tariq-ali-the-revolution-is-over-the-sixties-marxist-bogeyman-has-matured-into-a-minor-media-mogul----and-he-has-managed-to-acquire-a-sense-of-humour-1395731.html | work = The Independent | date = 22 February 1994 | access-date = 15 September 2017 | archive-date = 25 September 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150925131031/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/the-hunter-davies-interview-for-you-tariq-ali-the-revolution-is-over-the-sixties-marxist-bogeyman-has-matured-into-a-minor-media-mogul----and-he-has-managed-to-acquire-a-sense-of-humour-1395731.html | url-status = live }}</ref> He is the son of journalist [[Mazhar Ali Khan (journalist)|Mazhar Ali Khan]]<ref name='frontline2013' /> and activist  [[Tahira Mazhar Ali Khan]]. Ali's mother, Tahira, was the daughter of [[Sir Sikandar Hyat Khan]], who led the [[Unionist Muslim League]] and was later Prime Minister of the [[Punjab]] from 1937 to 1942.<ref name='frontline2013'>{{cite news | first = Sashi | last = Kumar | title = In conversation with Tariq Ali: The New World Disorder | date = 9 August 2013 | url = http://www.frontline.in/cover-story/the-new-world-disorder/article4944883.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728120814/http://www.frontline.in/cover-story/the-new-world-disorder/article4944883.ece |archive-date=28 July 2013 | work = [[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]] | access-date = 2 February 2014}}</ref> Ali's father, Mazhar, had been "mobilising peasants in his family's fiefdom" when he was invited to join the ''[[Pakistan Times]]'' by [[Mian Iftikharuddin]],<ref name="Dawn 15 June 2017">{{cite news |last= Rehman |first= I.A. |title= An outstanding journalist |url= https://www.dawn.com/news/1339583 |date= 15 June 2017 |newspaper= [[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |location= Karachi |access-date= 4 September 2017 |archive-date= 8 February 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200208014049/https://www.dawn.com/news/1339583 |url-status= live }}</ref> later becoming sympathetic to the Communist cause, although he never joined the party.<ref name="The Friday Times 27 March 2015">{{cite news |last= Mohsin |first= Jugnu |author-link= Jugnu Mohsin |title= Tahira Mazhar Ali Khan, 1925–2015 |url= http://www.thefridaytimes.com/tft/tahira-mazhar-ali-khan-1925-2015/ |date= 27 March 2015 |newspaper= [[The Friday Times]] |location= Lahore |access-date= 4 September 2017 |archive-date= 10 July 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180710155525/http://www.thefridaytimes.com/tft/tahira-mazhar-ali-khan-1925-2015/ |url-status= live }}</ref>
-Ali's father and mother, who were [[cousins]], [[eloped]]. His mother later said: "Mazhar left for the Middle East on [[military service]]. I was very pregnant by then. We didn't see each other for two years. Our son Tariq was born while Mazhar was away. By the time he returned, I had joined the [[Communist Party of Pakistan|Communist Party]]. I had given away my entire trousseau, including the family jewels, to the Party."<ref name="The Friday Times 27 March 2015"/>
+Ali's father and mother, who were [[cousins]], [[eloped]]. His mother later said: "Mazhar left for the Middle East on [[military service]]. I was very pregnant by then. We didn't see each other for two years. Our son Tariq was born while Mazhar was away. By the time he returned, I had joined the [[Communist Party of Pakistan|Communist Party]]. I had given away my entire [[Wiktionary:trousseau|trousseau]], including the family jewels, to the Party."<ref name="The Friday Times 27 March 2015"/>
 ===Emerging activism===
-Ali first became politically active in his teens, taking part in opposition to the [[History of Pakistan#Post 1971 history|military dictatorship of Pakistan]]. An uncle who worked in the Pakistani military intelligence<ref name='frontline2013' /> warned his parents that Ali could not be protected.<ref name="jamescampbell"/> His parents therefore decided to get him out of Pakistan and sent him to England, where he studied [[Philosophy, Politics, and Economics]] at [[Exeter College, Oxford]].<ref name="jamescampbell"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/documentaries/features/feature_tariqali.shtml |title=Tariq Ali profile |access-date=26 April 2007 |work=[[BBC Four]] Documentary article |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070917223148/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/documentaries/features/feature_tariqali.shtml |archive-date=17 September 2007 }}</ref> At Oxford, he became a member of the Oxford University [[Humanists UK|Humanist]] Group, where he discovered "that debates and discussions here were far more stimulating than those conducted within the careerist confines of the Labour Club".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Race Today Collective |url=http://archive.org/details/racetodayreview118race |title=Race Today Review 1988: vol 18 no 2 |date=1988 |publisher=Race Today Collective |others=Darcus Howe Collective}}</ref> He was elected President of the [[Oxford Union]] in 1965. In 1967 Ali was one of 64 prominent figures, including [[the Beatles]], who signed a petition calling for the [[legalisation of marijuana]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.beatlesbible.com/1967/07/24/the-beatles-call-for-the-legalisation-of-marijuana/ |title=The Beatles call for the legalisation of marijuana |date=24 July 1967|access-date=10 April 2014}}</ref> Ali's tenure at the Union included a meeting with [[Malcolm X]] in December 1964 during which Malcolm X expressed deep consternation about his own risk of assassination.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Ali | first = Tariq | title = Leaving Shabazz | journal = [[New Left Review]] | volume = II | issue = 69 | date = May–June 2011 | url = http://newleftreview.org/II/69/tariq-ali-leaving-shabazz }}</ref>
+Ali first became politically active in his teens, taking part in opposition to the [[History of Pakistan (1947–present)#1958–1971: first military era|military dictatorship of Pakistan]]. An uncle who worked in the Pakistani military intelligence<ref name='frontline2013' /> warned his parents that Ali could not be protected.<ref name="jamescampbell"/> His parents therefore decided to get him out of Pakistan and sent him to England, where he studied [[Philosophy, Politics, and Economics]] at [[Exeter College, Oxford]].<ref name="jamescampbell"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/documentaries/features/feature_tariqali.shtml |title=Tariq Ali profile |access-date=26 April 2007 |work=[[BBC Four]] Documentary article |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070917223148/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/documentaries/features/feature_tariqali.shtml |archive-date=17 September 2007 }}</ref> At Oxford, he became a member of the Oxford University [[Humanists UK|Humanist]] Group, where he discovered "that debates and discussions here were far more stimulating than those conducted within the careerist confines of the Labour Club".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Race Today Collective |url=http://archive.org/details/racetodayreview118race |title=Race Today Review 1988: vol 18 no 2 |date=1988 |publisher=Race Today Collective |others=Darcus Howe Collective}}</ref> He was elected President of the [[Oxford Union]] in 1965. In 1967 Ali was one of 64 prominent figures, including [[the Beatles]], who signed a petition calling for the [[legalisation of marijuana]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.beatlesbible.com/1967/07/24/the-beatles-call-for-the-legalisation-of-marijuana/ |title=The Beatles call for the legalisation of marijuana |date=24 July 1967 |access-date=10 April 2014 |archive-date=13 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413142158/http://www.beatlesbible.com/1967/07/24/the-beatles-call-for-the-legalisation-of-marijuana/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Ali's tenure at the Union included a meeting with [[Malcolm X]] in December 1964 during which Malcolm X expressed deep consternation about his own risk of assassination.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Ali | first = Tariq | title = Leaving Shabazz | journal = [[New Left Review]] | volume = II | issue = 69 | date = May–June 2011 | url = http://newleftreview.org/II/69/tariq-ali-leaving-shabazz | access-date = 31 December 2015 | archive-date = 30 January 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160130182413/http://newleftreview.org/II/69/tariq-ali-leaving-shabazz | url-status = live }}</ref>
 ==Career==
 [[File:Tariq Ali.jpg|thumb|Ali, [[Imperial College London|Imperial College, London]], 2003]]
-His public profile began to grow during the [[Vietnam War]], when he engaged in debates against the war with such figures as [[Henry Kissinger]] and [[Michael Stewart, Baron Stewart of Fulham|Michael Stewart]]. He testified at the [[Russell Tribunal]] over [[Role of the United States in the Vietnam War|US involvement in Vietnam]]. As time passed, Ali became increasingly critical of [[Foreign policy of the United States|American]] and [[Foreign relations of Israel|Israeli foreign policies]]. He was also a vigorous opponent of American relations with Pakistan that tended to back [[military dictatorship]]s over democracy. He was one of the marchers on the [[U.S. Embassy, London|American embassy in London]] in 1968 in a demonstration against the [[Vietnam war]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2008/mar/22/vietnamwar|last=Ali|first=Tariq|title=Where has all the rage gone?|newspaper=The Guardian|date=22 March 2008|access-date=6 January 2011}}</ref>
+His public profile began to grow during the [[Vietnam War]], when he engaged in debates against the war with such figures as [[Henry Kissinger]] and [[Michael Stewart, Baron Stewart of Fulham|Michael Stewart]]. He testified at the [[Russell Tribunal]] over [[Role of the United States in the Vietnam War|US involvement in Vietnam]]. As time passed, Ali became increasingly critical of [[Foreign policy of the United States|American]] and [[Foreign relations of Israel|Israeli foreign policies]]. He was also a vigorous opponent of American relations with Pakistan that tended to back [[military dictatorship]]s over democracy. He was one of the marchers on the [[U.S. Embassy, London|American embassy in London]] in 1968 in a [[List of protests against the Vietnam War|demonstration against the Vietnam War]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2008/mar/22/vietnamwar|last=Ali|first=Tariq|title=Where has all the rage gone?|newspaper=The Guardian|date=22 March 2008|access-date=6 January 2011|archive-date=1 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901080603/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2008/mar/22/vietnamwar|url-status=live}}</ref>
-Active in the [[New Left]] of the 1960s, he has long been associated with the ''[[New Left Review]]''. Ali inserted himself into politics through his involvement with ''[[The Black Dwarf (Ali)|The Black Dwarf]]'' newspaper.  In 1968 he joined the [[International Marxist Group]] (IMG). He was recruited to the leadership of the IMG and became a member of the International Executive Committee of the (reunified) [[Reunified Fourth International|Fourth International]]. He also befriended influential figures such as [[Malcolm X]], [[Stokely Carmichael]], [[John Lennon]] and [[Yoko Ono]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.democracynow.org/2008/5/29/1968_40_years_later_tariq_ali |title=1968, Forty Years Later: Tariq Ali Looks Back on a Pivotal Year in the Global Struggle for Social Justice |publisher=Democracynow.org |date=29 May 2008
+Active in the [[New Left]] of the 1960s, he has long been associated with the ''[[New Left Review]]''. Ali inserted himself into politics through his involvement with ''[[The Black Dwarf (Ali)|The Black Dwarf]]'' newspaper.  In 1968 he joined the [[International Marxist Group]] (IMG). He was recruited to the leadership of the IMG and became a member of the International Executive Committee of the (reunified) [[Reunified Fourth International|Fourth International]]. He also befriended influential figures such as [[Malcolm X]], [[Stokely Carmichael]], [[John Lennon]] and [[Yoko Ono]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.democracynow.org/2008/5/29/1968_40_years_later_tariq_ali |title=1968, Forty Years Later: Tariq Ali Looks Back on a Pivotal Year in the Global Struggle for Social Justice |publisher=Democracynow.org |date=29 May 2008 |access-date=3 August 2012 |archive-date=5 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005075214/https://www.democracynow.org/2008/5/29/1968_40_years_later_tariq_ali |url-status=live }}</ref>
-|access-date=3 August 2012}}</ref>
-In 1967, Ali was in [[Camiri]], [[Bolivia]], not far from where [[Che Guevara]] was captured, to observe the trial of [[Régis Debray]]. He was accused of being a [[Cuban Democratic Revolutionary Front|Cuban revolutionary]] by authorities. Ali then said: "If you torture me the whole night and I can speak Spanish in the morning I'll be grateful to you for the rest of my life."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vSe-6XkzZhs |title=From Vietnam To Iraq To Bolivia-Tariq Ali |publisher=YouTube |access-date=3 August 2012}}</ref>
+In 1967, Ali was in [[Camiri]], [[Bolivia]], not far from where [[Che Guevara]] was captured, to observe the trial of [[Régis Debray]]. He was accused of being a [[Cuban Democratic Revolutionary Front|Cuban revolutionary]] by authorities. Ali then said: "If you torture me the whole night and I can speak Spanish in the morning I'll be grateful to you for the rest of my life."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vSe-6XkzZhs |title=From Vietnam To Iraq To Bolivia-Tariq Ali |publisher=YouTube |access-date=3 August 2012 |archive-date=29 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929082426/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vSe-6XkzZhs |url-status=live }}</ref>
-During this period he was an [[International Marxist Group|IMG]] candidate in [[Sheffield Attercliffe (UK Parliament constituency)|Sheffield Attercliffe]] at the [[February 1974 United Kingdom general election|February 1974 general election]] and was co-author of ''Trotsky for Beginners'', a cartoon book. In 1981, Ali quit the IMG and joined the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] to support [[Tony Benn]] in his bid to become deputy leader of the Labour Party.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/harman/1981/12/ali.htm|title=Tariq Ali: Why I'm Joining the Labour Party (December 1981)|website=www.marxists.org}}</ref>
+During this period he was an [[International Marxist Group|IMG]] candidate in [[Sheffield Attercliffe (UK Parliament constituency)|Sheffield Attercliffe]] at the [[February 1974 United Kingdom general election|February 1974 general election]] and was co-author of ''Trotsky for Beginners'', a cartoon book. In 1981, Ali quit the IMG and joined the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] to support [[Tony Benn]] in his bid to become deputy leader of the Labour Party.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/harman/1981/12/ali.htm|title=Tariq Ali: Why I'm Joining the Labour Party (December 1981)|website=www.marxists.org|access-date=11 November 2018|archive-date=15 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715105848/https://www.marxists.org/archive/harman/1981/12/ali.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
 [[File:Encuentros Averroes Córdoba. El paradigma de Córdoba (2011).jpg|thumb|Ali presenting Spanish version of ''Conversations with Edward Said'', [[Córdoba, Spain|Córdoba]], 2010]]
-In 1990, he published the satire ''[[Redemption (1990 novel)|Redemption]]'', on the inability of the Trotskyists to handle the downfall of the [[Eastern bloc]]. The book contains parodies of many well-known figures in the Trotskyist movement. In 1999 Ali strongly criticised [[NATO intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina]] in the piece ''Springtime for NATO'',<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Ali | first = Tariq | title = Springtime for NATO | journal =New Left Review| volume = I | issue = 234 | date = March–April 1999 | url = http://newleftreview.org/I/234/tariq-ali-springtime-for-nato }}</ref> and book ''"Masters of the Universe? NATO’s Balkan Crusade"'' in which he negated extent and nature of crimes committed by Serbian forces in Bosnia and Kosovo.<ref name="Ian-Williams-2000-Tariq">{{cite web |author1= Williams, Ian |title=More Agitprop than reasoned argument |url=http://www.bosnia.org.uk/bosrep/julsept00/too.cfm |publisher=Bosnian Institute UK |access-date=6 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302035240/http://www.bosnia.org.uk/bosrep/julsept00/too.cfm |archive-date=2 March 2019 |language=en |date=September 2000}}</ref> He also defended denialist claims espoused by figures such as [[Diana Johnstone]] and [[Edward S. Herman]].<ref name="Nick Cohen-Guardian-2011">{{cite web |title=Decline and fall of the puppetmasters {{!}} Nick Cohen |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/jul/17/nick-cohen-democracy-murdoch-mladic |website=The Guardian |access-date=18 May 2020 |language=en |date=16 July 2011}}</ref><ref name="Taylor-Denial-2008-p.168">{{cite book |last1=Taylor |first1=Tony |author-link1=Tony Taylor (writer)|title=Denial: History Betrayed |date=2008 |publisher=Melbourne Univ. Publishing |isbn=978-0-522-85907-2 |page=168 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m-FgN-K2zBYC&q=Tariq+Ali+genocide+denial&pg=PA168 |access-date=18 May 2020 |language=en |chapter=Denial}}</ref><ref name="Cassian-workersliberty-2011">{{cite web |author1=Dal Cassian |title=Why Noam Chomsky, Tariq Ali, Arundhati Roy and their co-thinkers should apologise over Mladic and Srebrenica: {{!}} Workers' Liberty |url=https://www.workersliberty.org/story/2011/06/04/why-noam-chomsky-tariq-ali-arundhati-roy-and-their-co-thinkers-should-apologise-ove |website=workersliberty.org |access-date=18 May 2020 |language=en |date=4 June 2011}}</ref>
+In 1990, he published the satire ''[[Redemption (1990 novel)|Redemption]]'', on the inability of the Trotskyists to handle the downfall of the [[Eastern bloc]]. The book contains parodies of many well-known figures in the Trotskyist movement. In 1999 Ali strongly criticised [[NATO intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina]] in the piece ''Springtime for NATO'',<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Ali | first = Tariq | title = Springtime for NATO | journal = New Left Review | volume = I | issue = 234 | date = March–April 1999 | url = http://newleftreview.org/I/234/tariq-ali-springtime-for-nato | access-date = 6 February 2014 | archive-date = 28 March 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140328100240/http://newleftreview.org/I/234/tariq-ali-springtime-for-nato | url-status = live }}</ref> and book ''[[Masters of the Universe? NATO's Balkan Crusade]]'' in which he negated extent and nature of crimes committed by Serbian forces in Bosnia and Kosovo.<ref name="Ian-Williams-2000-Tariq">{{cite web |author1= Williams, Ian |title=More Agitprop than reasoned argument |url=http://www.bosnia.org.uk/bosrep/julsept00/too.cfm |publisher=Bosnian Institute UK |access-date=6 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302035240/http://www.bosnia.org.uk/bosrep/julsept00/too.cfm |archive-date=2 March 2019 |language=en |date=September 2000}}</ref> He defended denialist claims espoused by figures such as [[Diana Johnstone]] and [[Edward S. Herman]].<ref name="Nick Cohen-Guardian-2011">{{cite web |title=Decline and fall of the puppetmasters {{!}} Nick Cohen |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/jul/17/nick-cohen-democracy-murdoch-mladic |website=The Guardian |access-date=18 May 2020 |language=en |date=16 July 2011 |archive-date=16 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616125451/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/jul/17/nick-cohen-democracy-murdoch-mladic |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Taylor-Denial-2008-p.168">{{cite book |last1=Taylor |first1=Tony |author-link1=Tony Taylor (writer) |title=Denial: History Betrayed |date=2008 |publisher=Melbourne Univ. Publishing |isbn=978-0-522-85907-2 |page=168 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m-FgN-K2zBYC&q=Tariq+Ali+genocide+denial&pg=PA168 |access-date=18 May 2020 |language=en |chapter=Denial |archive-date=16 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616125451/https://books.google.com/books?id=m-FgN-K2zBYC&q=Tariq+Ali+genocide+denial&pg=PA168#v=snippet&q=Tariq%20Ali%20genocide%20denial&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Cassian-workersliberty-2011">{{cite web |author1=Dal Cassian |title=Why Noam Chomsky, Tariq Ali, Arundhati Roy and their co-thinkers should apologise over Mladic and Srebrenica: {{!}} Workers' Liberty |url=https://www.workersliberty.org/story/2011/06/04/why-noam-chomsky-tariq-ali-arundhati-roy-and-their-co-thinkers-should-apologise-ove |website=workersliberty.org |access-date=18 May 2020 |language=en |date=4 June 2011 |archive-date=16 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616125502/https://www.workersliberty.org/story/2011/06/04/why-noam-chomsky-tariq-ali-arundhati-roy-and-their-co-thinkers-should-apologise-ove |url-status=live }}</ref>
-His book, ''Clash of Fundamentalisms'', aimed to put the events of the [[September 11 attacks]] in historical [[Point of view (philosophy)|perspective]]. He followed that with ''[[Bush in Babylon]]'', which criticised the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]] by American president [[George W. Bush]]. The book uses poetry and critical essays in portraying the [[war in Iraq]] as a failure. Ali believes that the new [[Federal government of Iraq|Iraqi government]] will fail.
+His book, ''Clash of Fundamentalisms'', aimed to put the events of the [[September 11 attacks]] in historical [[Point of view (philosophy)|perspective]]. He followed that with ''[[Bush in Babylon]]'', which criticised the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]] by American president [[George W. Bush]]. The book uses poetry and critical essays in portraying the [[war in Iraq]] as a failure. Ali believes that the new [[Federal government of Iraq|Iraqi government]] will fail.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}
-Ali has remained a [[Neoliberalism#Criticism|critic]] of modern [[neoliberalism|neoliberal economics]] and was present at the 2005 [[World Social Forum]] in [[Porto Alegre]], Brazil, where he was one of 19 to sign the [[Porto Alegre Manifesto]]. He supports the model of the [[Bolivarian Revolution]] in Venezuela.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://versouk.wordpress.com/2010/06/30/oliver-stone-tariq-ali-and-mark-weisbrot-respond-to-ny-times-attack-on-south-of-the-border/ |title=Oliver Stone, Tariq Ali and Mark Weisbrot respond to NY Times attack on South of the Border " Verso UK's Blog |publisher=Versouk.wordpress.com |date=30 June 2010 |access-date=3 August 2012}}</ref>
+Ali has remained a [[Neoliberalism#Criticism|critic]] of modern [[neoliberalism|neoliberal economics]] and was present at the 2005 [[World Social Forum]] in [[Porto Alegre]], Brazil, where he was one of 19 to sign the [[Porto Alegre Manifesto]]. He supports the model of the [[Bolivarian Revolution]] in Venezuela.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://versouk.wordpress.com/2010/06/30/oliver-stone-tariq-ali-and-mark-weisbrot-respond-to-ny-times-attack-on-south-of-the-border/ |title=Oliver Stone, Tariq Ali and Mark Weisbrot respond to NY Times attack on South of the Border " Verso UK's Blog |publisher=Versouk.wordpress.com |date=30 June 2010 |access-date=3 August 2012 |archive-date=4 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004193627/https://versouk.wordpress.com/2010/06/30/oliver-stone-tariq-ali-and-mark-weisbrot-respond-to-ny-times-attack-on-south-of-the-border/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
-He has been described as "the alleged inspiration" for the [[Rolling Stones]]' song "[[Street Fighting Man]]", recorded in 1968.<ref>Hazou, Christopher Hazou, [https://archive.today/2012.05.24-150633/http://www.montrealmirror.com/2007/092707/news2.html "Journalism and jingoism: Ownership and gullibility are two recurring problems for the Western press, says author and activist Tariq Ali"], ''Montreal Mirror''. Archives: 27 September – 3 October 2007, Vol. 23, No. 15.</ref> [[John Lennon]]'s "[[Power to the People (song)|Power to the People]]" was inspired by an interview Lennon gave to Ali.<ref name="companion">{{cite book |first=Elizabeth and David Gutman (eds) |last=Thomson |title=The Lennon Companion |year=2004 |publisher=Da Capo Press |location=Cambridge, MA |isbn=0-306-81270-3 |page=165}}</ref>
+He has been described as "the alleged inspiration" for the [[Rolling Stones]]' song "[[Street Fighting Man]]", recorded in 1968.<ref>Hazou, Christopher Hazou, [https://archive.today/20120524150633/http://www.montrealmirror.com/2007/092707/news2.html "Journalism and jingoism: Ownership and gullibility are two recurring problems for the Western press, says author and activist Tariq Ali"], ''Montreal Mirror''. Archives: 27 September – 3 October 2007, Vol. 23, No. 15.</ref> [[John Lennon]]'s "[[Power to the People (song)|Power to the People]]" was inspired by an interview Lennon gave to Ali.<ref name="companion">{{cite book |editor-last1=Thomson |editor-first1=Elizabeth |editor-last2=Gutman |editor-first2=David |title=The Lennon Companion |year=2004 |publisher=Da Capo Press |location=Cambridge, MA |isbn=0-306-81270-3 |page=165}}</ref>
-Ali participated in the [[The Sight & Sound Greatest Films of All Time 2012|2012 ''Sight & Sound'' critics' poll]], where he listed his ten favourite films as follows: ''[[The Battle of Algiers]]'', ''[[Charulata]]'', ''[[Crimson Gold]]'', ''[[The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie]]'', ''[[Entranced Earth]]'', ''[[If....]]'', ''[[Osaka Elegy]]'', ''[[The Puppetmaster (film)|The Puppetmaster]]'', ''[[Rashomon]]'', and ''[[Tout Va Bien]]''.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/sightandsoundpoll2012/voter/66 |title = Tariq Ali &#124; BFI}}</ref>
+Ali participated in the [[The Sight & Sound Greatest Films of All Time 2012|2012 ''Sight & Sound'' critics' poll]], where he listed his ten favourite films as follows: ''[[The Battle of Algiers]]'', ''[[Charulata]]'', ''[[Crimson Gold]]'', ''[[The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie]]'', ''[[Entranced Earth]]'', ''[[If....]]'', ''[[Osaka Elegy]]'', ''[[The Puppetmaster (film)|The Puppetmaster]]'', ''[[Rashomon]]'', and ''[[Tout Va Bien]]''.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/sightandsoundpoll2012/voter/66 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818105547/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/sightandsoundpoll2012/voter/66 | url-status=dead | archive-date=18 August 2016 |title = Tariq Ali &#124; BFI}}</ref>
-Ali has also written in favour of [[Scottish independence]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/mar/13/scots-undo-union-of-rogues-independence-1707-honour|title=Scots, undo this union of rogues. Independence is the only way to fulfil your potential|last=Ali|first=Tariq|date=13 March 2014|work=The Guardian|access-date=13 March 2014}}</ref>
+He has written in favour of [[Scottish independence]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/mar/13/scots-undo-union-of-rogues-independence-1707-honour|title=Scots, undo this union of rogues. Independence is the only way to fulfil your potential|last=Ali|first=Tariq|date=13 March 2014|work=The Guardian|access-date=13 March 2014|archive-date=16 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616125455/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/mar/13/scots-undo-union-of-rogues-independence-1707-honour|url-status=live}}</ref>
-During the [[2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum]], Ali was sympathetic to a [[Brexit|Leave]] vote on [[Lexit|left-wing grounds]], whilst simultaneously criticizing [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]] support for Brexit based on opposition to immigration.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/content/2015/s4473089.htm |title=Lateline – 31/05/2016: Interview: Tariq Ali, British writer and commentator |website=Abc.net.au |date=31 May 2016 |access-date=28 January 2017}}</ref>
+During the [[2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum]], Ali was sympathetic to a [[Brexit|Leave]] vote on [[Lexit|left-wing grounds]], whilst simultaneously criticizing [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]] support for Brexit based on opposition to immigration.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/content/2015/s4473089.htm |title=Lateline – 31/05/2016: Interview: Tariq Ali, British writer and commentator |website=Abc.net.au |date=31 May 2016 |access-date=28 January 2017 |archive-date=5 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005084929/http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/content/2015/s4473089.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
-In 2020, Ali was a member of the Belmarsh Tribunal organized by [[Progressive International]], investigating and evaluating the war crimes committed by the [[Federal government of the United States|United States government]] in the 21st century.
+In 2020, Ali was a member of the [[Belmarsh Tribunal]] organized by [[Progressive International]], investigating and evaluating the war crimes committed by the [[Federal government of the United States|United States government]] in the 21st century.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}
-In November 2020, a British public inquiry into the work of undercover police officers was provided with evidence that Ali had been spied upon by at least 14 undercover police officers over a period of decades. The surveillance began in 1965 when he became president of the [[Oxford Union]], and continued until at least 2003, when Ali was on the national committee of the [[Stop the War Coalition]] trying to prevent the invasion of Iraq. Ali said "It is incredible to think that after 35 years, in 2003, under the Tony Blair Labour government, that Special Branch were still engaging in the same anti-democratic activity as they had been at the outset".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Evans |first1=Rob |title=Tariq Ali spied on by at least 14 undercover officers, inquiry hears |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/nov/11/tariq-ali-spied-on-14-undercover-officers-spy-cops-inquiry-hears |access-date=14 November 2020 |work=The Guardian |date=11 November 2020}}</ref>
+In November 2020, a British public inquiry into the work of undercover police officers was provided with evidence that Ali had been spied upon by at least 14 undercover police officers over a period of decades. The surveillance began in 1965 when he became president of the [[Oxford Union]], and continued until at least 2003, when Ali was on the national committee of the [[Stop the War Coalition]] trying to prevent the invasion of Iraq. Ali said "It is incredible to think that after 35 years, in 2003, under the Tony Blair Labour government, that Special Branch were still engaging in the same anti-democratic activity as they had been at the outset".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Evans |first1=Rob |title=Tariq Ali spied on by at least 14 undercover officers, inquiry hears |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/nov/11/tariq-ali-spied-on-14-undercover-officers-spy-cops-inquiry-hears |access-date=14 November 2020 |work=The Guardian |date=11 November 2020 |archive-date=16 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616125454/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/nov/11/tariq-ali-spied-on-14-undercover-officers-spy-cops-inquiry-hears |url-status=live }}</ref>
 ==Screenplay==
-Tariq Ali's ''The Leopard and The Fox'', first written as a [[BBC]] screenplay in 1985, is about the last days of [[Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto]]. Never previously produced because of a censorship controversy, it was finally premiered in New York in October 2007, the day before former Pakistani Prime Minister [[Benazir Bhutto]] returned to her home country after eight years in exile.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.alteregoproductions.org/blog/2007/07/the_leopard_and_the_fox_our_ne.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=20 August 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070820013744/http://www.alteregoproductions.org/blog/2007/07/the_leopard_and_the_fox_our_ne.htm |archive-date=20 August 2007 }}</ref>
+Tariq Ali's ''The Leopard and The Fox'', first written as a [[BBC]] screenplay in 1985, is about the last days of [[Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto]]. Never previously produced because of a censorship controversy, it was finally premiered in New York in October 2007, the day before former Pakistani Prime Minister [[Benazir Bhutto]] returned to her home country after eight years in exile.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.alteregoproductions.org/blog/2007/07/the_leopard_and_the_fox_our_ne.htm |title=The Leopard and the Fox: Our new season begins |website=Alter Ego Blog |author1=Shourin Roy |date=July 19, 2007  |access-date=20 August 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928022841/http://www.alteregoproductions.org/blog/2007/07/the_leopard_and_the_fox_our_ne.htm |archive-date=Sep 28, 2007 }}</ref>
-In 2009, Ali with [[Mark Weisbrot]] wrote the screenplay to the [[Oliver Stone]] documentary ''[[South of the Border (2009 film)|South of the Border]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://southoftheborderdoc.com/cast-credits/ |title=Cast & Credits " South of the Border – a film by Oliver Stone |publisher=Southoftheborderdoc.com |access-date=3 August 2012}}</ref> This gave a favourable account of Hugo Chávez and other left-wing Latin American leaders. Interviewed in the documentary, Ali explained the role that Bolivian water privatisation and the [[2000 Cochabamba protests]] played in eventually bringing [[Evo Morales]] to power.
+In 2009, Ali with [[Mark Weisbrot]] wrote the screenplay to the [[Oliver Stone]] documentary ''[[South of the Border (2009 film)|South of the Border]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://southoftheborderdoc.com/cast-credits/ |title=Cast & Credits |publisher=South of the Border |access-date=3 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120823150205/http://southoftheborderdoc.com/cast-credits/ |archive-date= Aug 23, 2012 }}</ref> This gave a favourable account of Hugo Chávez and other left-wing Latin American leaders. Interviewed in the documentary, Ali explained the role that Bolivian water privatisation and the [[2000 Cochabamba protests]] played in eventually bringing [[Evo Morales]] to power.
 ==Personal life==
-Ali currently lives in [[London Borough of Camden|Camden]], north London, with his partner Susan Watkins, editor of the ''[[New Left Review]]''. He has three children: Natasha from a previous relationship, and Chengiz and Aisha with Watkins. He grew up in a secular family that was more [[Cultural Muslim|culturally Muslim]] than religious, and describes himself as an [[atheist]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/the-hunter-davies-interview-for-you-tariq-ali-the-revolution-is-over-the-sixties-marxist-bogeyman-has-matured-into-a-minor-media-mogul----and-he-has-managed-to-acquire-a-sense-of-humour-1395731.html|title=The Independent interview with Hunter Davies|website=Independent.co.uk|date=22 February 1994|access-date=28 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=Tariq Ali |title=This is the real outrage |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/feb/13/muhammadcartoons.comment |website=The Guardian |publisher=Guardian News & Media Limited |access-date=21 October 2020 |date=February 13, 2006 |quote=I am an atheist and do not know the meaning of the "religious pain" that is felt by believers of every case when what they believe in is insulted.}}</ref>
+Ali currently lives in [[London Borough of Camden|Camden]], north London, with his partner Susan Watkins, editor of the ''[[New Left Review]]''. He has three children. He grew up in a secular family that was more [[Cultural Muslim|culturally Muslim]] than religious, and describes himself as an [[atheist]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/the-hunter-davies-interview-for-you-tariq-ali-the-revolution-is-over-the-sixties-marxist-bogeyman-has-matured-into-a-minor-media-mogul----and-he-has-managed-to-acquire-a-sense-of-humour-1395731.html|title=The Hunter Davies Interview: For you, Tariq Ali, the revolution is over: The Sixties Marxist bogeyman has matured into a minor media mogul . . . and he has managed to acquire a sense of humour|website=The Independent|date=22 February 1994|access-date=28 January 2017|archive-date=25 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925131031/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/the-hunter-davies-interview-for-you-tariq-ali-the-revolution-is-over-the-sixties-marxist-bogeyman-has-matured-into-a-minor-media-mogul----and-he-has-managed-to-acquire-a-sense-of-humour-1395731.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=Tariq Ali |title=This is the real outrage |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/feb/13/muhammadcartoons.comment |website=The Guardian |publisher=Guardian News & Media Limited |access-date=21 October 2020 |date=February 13, 2006 |quote=I am an atheist and do not know the meaning of the "religious pain" that is felt by believers of every case when what they believe in is insulted. |archive-date=27 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327185957/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/feb/13/muhammadcartoons.comment |url-status=live }}</ref>
-== Works ==
+== Selected works ==
 {{refbegin|30em}}
 * ''The New Revolutionaries: A Handbook of the International Radical Left'' (editor), New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1969. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 79-79860
@@ Line 85: / Line 84: @@
 * ''Moscow Gold'' (1990). {{ISBN|978-1-85459-078-7}}
 * ''[[Redemption (1990 novel)|Redemption]]'' (1990). {{ISBN|978-0-7011-3394-8}}
-* ''[[Shadows of the Pomegranate Tree]]'' (1992; 1st in the [[Islam Quintet]]). {{ISBN|978-0-7011-3944-5}}
+* ''[[Shadows of the Pomegranate Tree]]'' (1992; 1st in the Islam Quintet). {{ISBN|978-0-7011-3944-5}}
-* ''Necklaces'' (1992)
 * ''Ugly Rumours'' (1998). {{ISBN|978-1-85459-426-6}}
 * ''1968: Marching in the Streets'' (1998). {{ISBN|978-0-7475-3763-2}}
-* ''[[Fear of Mirrors]]'' Arcadia Books (4 August 1998). {{ISBN|978-1-900850-10-0}}; University of Chicago Press (10 Aug 2010). {{ISBN|978-1-906497-15-6}}
+* ''[[Fear of Mirrors]]'' Arcadia Books (4 August 1998). {{ISBN|978-1-900850-10-0}}; University of Chicago Press (10 August 2010). {{ISBN|978-1-906497-15-6}}
 * ''[[The Book of Saladin (novel)|The Book of Saladin]]'' (1998; 2nd in the "Islam Quintet"). {{ISBN|978-1-85984-834-0}}
-* ''Snogging Ken'' (2000). {{ISBN|978-1-84002-163-9}}
+* ''[[Masters of the Universe? NATO's Balkan Crusade]]'' (2000). {{ISBN|978-1-85984-752-7}}
-* ''[[The Stone Woman]]'' (2000; 3rd in the "Islam Quintet"). {{ISBN|978-1-85984-764-0}}
-* ''Masters of the Universe: NATO's Balkan Crusade'' (2000). {{ISBN|978-1-85984-752-7}}
 * ''Clash of Fundamentalisms: Crusades, Jihads and Modernity'' (2002). {{ISBN|978-1-85984-679-7}}
 * ''[[Bush in Babylon]]'' (2003). {{ISBN|978-1-85984-583-7}}
@@ Line 115: / Line 111: @@
 * ''Permanent Counter Revolution'' (2016). {{ISBN|978-1-78478-432-4}}
 * ''[[The Dilemmas of Lenin: Terrorism, War, Empire, Love, Revolution]]'' (2017). {{ISBN|978-1-78663-110-7}}
-* ''[[The forty year war in Afghanistan : a chronicle foretold]]'' 2021
 * ''[[Winston Churchill: His Times, His Crimes]]'' (2022). {{ISBN|978-1-78873-577-3}}
 {{refend}}
@@ Line 130: / Line 125: @@
 * [http://www.tariqali.org Tariq Ali Official webpage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809184451/http://tariqali.org/ |date=9 August 2018 }}
 * {{C-SPAN|93439}}
-* [http://www.literaturfestival.com/archive/participants/authors/2007/tariq-ali?set_language=en Tariq Ali at the international literature festival berlin]
+* [http://www.literaturfestival.com/archive/participants/authors/2007/tariq-ali?set_language=en Tariq Ali at the international literature festival berlin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222193901/http://www.literaturfestival.com/archive/participants/authors/2007/tariq-ali?set_language=en |date=22 February 2017 }}
+{{Tariq Ali}}
 {{British New Left}}
 {{UK underground}}
@@ Line 141: / Line 137: @@
 [[Category:20th-century English male writers]]
 [[Category:20th-century English novelists]]
-[[Category:20th-century essayists]]
+[[Category:20th-century British essayists]]
 [[Category:20th-century English historians]]
-[[Category:20th-century  British journalists]]
+[[Category:20th-century British journalists]]
 [[Category:20th-century Pakistani male writers]]
 [[Category:21st-century atheists]]
 [[Category:21st-century English male writers]]
 [[Category:21st-century English novelists]]
-[[Category:21st-century essayists]]
+[[Category:21st-century British essayists]]
 [[Category:21st-century English historians]]
-[[Category:21st-century  British journalists]]
+[[Category:21st-century British journalists]]
 [[Category:Alumni of Exeter College, Oxford]]
 [[Category:English anti–nuclear weapons activists]]
-[[Category:Anti–Vietnam War activists]]
+[[Category:British anti–Vietnam War activists]]
 [[Category:Atheist philosophers]]
 [[Category:English historical novelists]]
@@ Line 161: / Line 157: @@
 [[Category:English Marxists]]
 [[Category:English military historians]]
-[[Category:British secularists]]
+[[Category:British critics of religions]]
 [[Category:English Trotskyists]]
 [[Category:British writers of Pakistani descent]]
 [[Category:20th-century English philosophers]]
-[[Category:Critics of neoconservatism]]
+[[Category:British critics of postmodernism]]
-[[Category:Critics of postmodernism]]
-[[Category:Critics of religions]]
 [[Category:Critics of the Catholic Church]]
 [[Category:English anti-war activists]]
 [[Category:English atheists]]
 [[Category:English essayists]]
-[[Category:English philosophers]]
+[[Category:British free speech activists]]
-[[Category:English social commentators]]
-[[Category:Free speech activists]]
 [[Category:Freethought writers]]
 [[Category:Hayat Khattar family]]
@@ Line 193: / Line 185: @@
 [[Category:Pakistani filmmakers]]
 [[Category:Pakistani Marxists]]
-[[Category:Pakistani non-fiction writers]]
+[[Category:Pakistani male non-fiction writers]]
 [[Category:Pakistani philosophers]]
 [[Category:Pakistani Trotskyists]]
-[[Category:Philosophers of art]]
+[[Category:British philosophers of art]]
 [[Category:Philosophers of culture]]
 [[Category:Philosophers of economics]]
-[[Category:Philosophers of education]]
+[[Category:British philosophers of education]]
 [[Category:Philosophers of history]]
 [[Category:Philosophers of social science]]
 [[Category:Philosophers of war]]
-[[Category:Political philosophers]]
+[[Category:British political philosophers]]
 [[Category:Presidents of the Oxford Union]]
-[[Category:Punjabi people]]
-[[Category:Social philosophers]]
 [[Category:Theorists on Western civilization]]
 [[Category:University of the Punjab alumni]]
@@ Line 217: / Line 207: @@
 [[Category:British republicans]]
 [[Category:Far-left politicians in the United Kingdom]]
+[[Category:People from Lahore]]

v t e Tariq Ali
Essays and monographs	Bush in Babylon (2003) Rough Music: Blair, Bombs, Baghdad, London, Terror (2005) The Duel: Pakistan on the Flight Path of American Power (2008) The Obama Syndrome (2010) The Extreme Centre (2015) The Dilemmas of Lenin (2017) Winston Churchill: His Times, His Crimes (2022)
Novels	Redemption (1990) Shadows of the Pomegranate Tree (1992) Fear of Mirrors (1998) The Book of Saladin (1998)
Edited volumes	The Stalinist Legacy (1984) Masters of the Universe? NATO's Balkan Crusade (2000)
Films	Partition (1987, writer) Wittgenstein (1993, producer) South of the Border (2009, writer)

v t e British New Left
General	Communist Party Historians Group (Communist Party of Great Britain) Hungarian Revolution of 1956 Revisionism Marxist humanism Cultural studies Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies Partisan Coffee House Socialist Society Socialist Movement
Figures	E. P. Thompson John Saville Stuart Hall Raymond Williams Richard Hoggart Perry Anderson Tom Nairn Peter Worsley Ralph Miliband Raphael Samuel Rodney Hilton Robin Blackburn Tariq Ali Catherine Hall Sheila Rowbotham Dick Hebdige Jeffrey Weeks
Organisations	The Angry Brigade Big Flame British Black Panthers Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament Gay Left International Marxist Group International Socialists (UK) King Mob
Major influences	Antonio Gramsci Louis Althusser Frankfurt School Isaac Deutscher Harold Laski C. Wright Mills Talcott Parsons Iris Murdoch
Publications	New Reasoner Universities and Left Review New Left Review Socialist Register Radical Philosophy Soundings
Related articles	Far-left politics in the United Kingdom Anti-Stalinist left Eurocommunism UK underground Counterculture

v t e British underground
People	Stephen Abrams Nicholas Albery Tariq Ali Jim Anderson Kevin Ayers Edward Barker Syd Barrett Mark Boyle Joe Boyd Barney Bubbles Bob Cobbing Caroline Coon Felix Dennis Robin Farquharson Mick Farren Duggie Fields Germaine Greer Hapshash and the Coloured Coat Lee Harris Jim Haynes Wally Hope John 'Hoppy' Hopkins Michael Horovitz Peter Jenner & Andrew King Mike Lesser Tom McGrath John Michell Barry Miles Sue Miles Richard Neville Jeff Nuttall Neil Oram John Peel Aubrey Powell Sid Rawle Craig Sams Gregory Sams Martin Sharp Nicholas Saunders Storm Thorgerson Steve Peregrin Took Alexander Trocchi Heathcote Williams Ubi Dwyer
Publications	Alternative London Brighton Voice Children of Albion: Poetry of the Underground in Britain The Black Dwarf Gandalf's Garden Gay News Ink International Times Muther Grumble The Mersey Sound Oz Schoolkids Oz Peace News Seed - The Journal of Organic Living Spare Rib Undercurrents
Bands	AMM Arthur Brown Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band Edgar Broughton Band Delivery The Deviants Fairport Convention Family Gong Hawkwind The Incredible String Band Pink Fairies Pink Floyd Pretty Things The Purple Gang Quintessence Shagrat Soft Machine Third Ear Band Tomorrow Tyrannosaurus Rex
Events	Games for May International Poetry Incarnation The 14 Hour Technicolor Dream Phun City Windsor Free Festival
Other	Arts Lab Better Books BIT Compendium Books Games for May Granny Takes a Trip Indica Gallery "It's So Far Out, It's Straight Down" London Free School London Film-Makers' Co-op Mr Freedom (fashion) Release Seed Macrobiotic Restaurant UFO Club
See also	British Poetry Revival Counterculture English underground Freak scene Hippies Youth subculture

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