Campidanese Sardinian: Difference between revisions

Campidanese Sardinian
Campidanese Sardinian
sardu campidanesu; campidanesu
Native to	Italy
Region	Sardinia; (Metropolitan City of Cagliari;; Central-southern part of the Province of Oristano;; Province of South Sardinia;; Southern part of the Province of Nuoro)
Ethnicity	Sardinians
Native speakers	500,000 (2007)
Language family	Indo-European Italic Latino-Faliscan Latin Romance Southern Romance? Sardinian Campidanese Sardinian; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-1	sc
ISO 639-2	srd
ISO 639-3	sro ; Campidanese Sardinian
Glottolog	camp1261 ; Campidanese Sardinian
ELP	Campidanese Sardinian
Linguasphere	51-AAA-sd
	Languages and dialects of Sardinia
	This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

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Campidanese Sardinian^[1]^[2] (Sardinian: sardu campidanesu, Italian: sardo campidanese) is one of the two written standards of the Sardinian language, which is often considered one of the most, if not the most conservative of all the Romance languages. The orthography is based on the spoken dialects of central southern Sardinia, identified by certain attributes which are not found, or found to a lesser degree, among the Sardinian dialects centered on the other written form, Logudorese. Its ISO 639-3 code is sro.

Traditionally the name Campidanu (Campidano in Italian) refers to the fertile area located around the towns of Guspini and Villacidro. Campidanese dialects can be found across the entire Province of Cagliari and not just the Province of Medio Campidano area. Campidanese also extends into parts of the Province of Nuoro, notably the Ogliastra area and in the southern half of the Province of Oristano, the capital included. However, it is at this point that the dialects merge into Logudorese.

Subvariants

There are seven main subdialects of Campidanese Sardinian, namely Western Campidanese, Sarrabese (sarrabesu), Southern Barbagian, and Oristano's ('aristanesu or also arborensi), Ogliastra's (ollastrinu), Cagliari's (casteddaju), and the varieties of Sulcis (meurreddinu). Casteddaju is the dialect spoken in the island's capital; however, it extends to most of the neighbouring towns and villages within a 15 km radius of Cagliari. In 2009, the provincial administration of Cagliari approved the spelling, phonetics, morphology, and vocabulary rules for Standard Campidanese Sardinian.^[3]

Vocabulary

Campidanese Sardinian has some borrowed words from Aragonese, Catalan and Spanish. Since the early 20th century, there has been an increase in lexical borrowing from Italian as well; that is particularly evident with technological words for which there is no Campidanese equivalent. However, many words that are from Italian have been changed phonetically so that they sound Sardinian. Italian loan words that end in an o are often substituted with a u. The strong Campidanese accent also changes the sound of the word.

Characteristics

Singular nouns descending from 3rd declension Latin nouns ending in "-i" (Campidanese pisci vs Logudorese pische)
Plural definite article of "is" (Campidanese is terras vs Logudorese sas terras)
Gerund in "-endi" (Campidanese èssendi vs Logudorese èssende)
Conservation of the Latin phoneme <qu> and <gu> (/kʷ/ and /ɡʷ/) in words such as akua (water) and sànguni (blood).
Palatalisation of Latin word-initial /k/ before /e/ and /i/ (Lat. centum > centu cf. Logudorese chentu). In medial positions, /k/ becomes /-ʒ-/ (Lat. decem > dexi cf. Logudorese deghe) or /-ʃʃ-/ (Lat. piscem > pisci)
Transformation of /rj/ to /rɡ/, /nj/ to /nɡ/, /lj/ to /ll/, and /ti/, /te/ into /tz/
Epenthetic /a/ before word-initial /r/ (Lat. rubeum > arrubiu)
Metathesis (Logudorese Carbonia vs Campidanese Crabonia)
Catalan influence (Words such as seu "cathedral" loaned from Catalan)

Campidanese Sardinian is intelligible to those from the central to the southern part of Sardinia, where Logudorese Sardinian is spoken,^[4] but it is not to those from the extreme north of the island, where Corsican–Sardinian dialects are spoken.

Italian speakers do not understand Campidanese, like any other dialect of the Sardinian language:^[5] Sardinian is an autonomous linguistic group rather than an Italian dialect^[6] as it is often noted because of its morphological, syntactic, and lexical differences from Italian.

Writing system

Campidanese is written using the Latin alphabet. Like Italian, Campidanese does not use ⟨w⟩ or ⟨y⟩. Campidanese also uses the digraphs ⟨gh⟩, representing /g/, ⟨ch⟩ representing /k/ before e and i vowels, ⟨tz⟩ representing /ts/ and ⟨x⟩, representing /ʒ/.

In phonetic syntax, final or intervocalic ⟨t⟩ is pronounced as a /d/ (es: issu andat, meaning "he goes", is pronounced issu andada) and ⟨s⟩ is pronounced as a /z̪/,^{[clarification needed]} (es. sa mesa, meaning "the table", is pronounced sa mez̪a). When there are consonants like s, t or nt at the end of the word, a helping vowel is usually added (es. sa domu, is domus(u), the house, the houses). If preceded by a consonant, an "i" is inserted before the normally-initial s (es: sa scala, is (i)scalas(a), the staircase, the staircases). The spelling rules were established by the Province of Cagliari with a deliberation on March 17, 2010.^[7]

References

^ ^a ^b Campidanese Sardinian at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^ Hammarström, Harald; Forke, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2020). "Campidanese Sardinian". Glottolog 4.3.
^ Comitau Scientìficu po sa Norma Campidanesa de su Sardu Standard (2009). Arrègulas po ortografia, fonètica, morfologia e fueddàriu de sa Norma Campidanesa de sa Lìngua Sarda/Regole per ortografia, fonetica, morfologia e vocabolario della Norma Campidanese della Lingua Sarda [Rules for spelling, phonetics, morphology and vocabulary of the Campidanese standard of the Sardinian language] (PDF) (in Sardinian and Italian) (1 ed.). Quartu S. Elena: Alfa Editrice. ISBN 978-88-85995-47-5. OCLC 422688646.
^ Vanrell, Maria Del Mar; Ballone, Francesc; Schirru, Carlo; Prieto, Pilar, Sardinian Intonational Phonology: Logudorese and Campidanese Varieties (PDF)
^ Posner, Rebecca; Sala, Marius. "Sardinian Language". Encyclopedia Britannica.
^ De Mauro, Tullio (1979). L'Italia delle Italie. Florence: Nuova Guaraldi Editrice. p. 89.
^ "Leggi il contenuto". Provincia di Cagliari. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-10-22.

External links

Ditzionàriu in línia de sa limba e de sa cultura sarda
Grammatica sardo-campidanese
Saggio di grammatica campidanese, Antoninu Rubattu
La lingua sarda: Storia, spirito e forma, Max Leopold Wagner, a cura di Giulio Paulis, Nuoro 1997
Accademia De Sa Lingua Sarda Campidanesa - Onlus
Campidanese basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database

[e18-1] Campidanese Sardinian at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)

[2] Hammarström, Harald; Forke, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2020). "Campidanese Sardinian". Glottolog 4.3.

[3] Comitau Scientìficu po sa Norma Campidanesa de su Sardu Standard (2009). Arrègulas po ortografia, fonètica, morfologia e fueddàriu de sa Norma Campidanesa de sa Lìngua Sarda/Regole per ortografia, fonetica, morfologia e vocabolario della Norma Campidanese della Lingua Sarda [Rules for spelling, phonetics, morphology and vocabulary of the Campidanese standard of the Sardinian language] (PDF) (in Sardinian and Italian) (1 ed.). Quartu S. Elena: Alfa Editrice. ISBN 978-88-85995-47-5. OCLC 422688646.

[Sardinianvarieties-4] Vanrell, Maria Del Mar; Ballone, Francesc; Schirru, Carlo; Prieto, Pilar, Sardinian Intonational Phonology: Logudorese and Campidanese Varieties (PDF)

[5] Posner, Rebecca; Sala, Marius. "Sardinian Language". Encyclopedia Britannica.

[6] De Mauro, Tullio (1979). L'Italia delle Italie. Florence: Nuova Guaraldi Editrice. p. 89.

[7] "Leggi il contenuto". Provincia di Cagliari. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-10-22.

[8] Venetian is either grouped with the rest of the Italo-Dalmatian or the Gallo-Italic languages, depending on the linguist.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[a]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Written standard of the Sardinian language}}
 {{Refimprove|date=December 2009}}
 {{Expand Italian|Sardo campidanese|fa=yes|topic=geo|date=January 2012}}
 {{Infobox language
 | name = Campidanese Sardinian
-| nativename = ''sardu campidanesu''<br />''campidanesu''
+| nativename = {{lang|sro|sardu campidanesu<br />campidanesu}}
 | ethnicity        = [[Sardinians]]
 | states = [[Italy]]
@@ Line 13: / Line 14: @@
 | familycolor = Indo-European
 | fam2 = [[Italic languages|Italic]]
-| fam3 = [[Romance languages|Romance]]
+| fam3 = [[Latino-Faliscan languages|Latino-Faliscan]]
-| fam4 = [[Sardinian language|Sardinian]]
+| fam4 = [[Latin]]
+| fam5 = [[Romance languages|Romance]]
+| fam6 = [[Southern Romance languages|Southern Romance]]?
+| fam7 = [[Sardinian language|Sardinian]]
 | agency =
 | iso1 = sc
@@ Line 32: / Line 36: @@
 '''Campidanese Sardinian'''<ref name="e18" /><ref>{{cite web| editor-last1= Hammarström| editor-first1 = Harald| editor-last2 = Forke| editor-first2 = Robert| editor-last3 = Haspelmath| editor-first3 = Martin| editor-last4 = Bank| editor-first4 = Sebastian| year = 2020|title = Campidanese Sardinian | work = [[Glottolog]] 4.3| url = https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/camp1261}}</ref> ({{lang-sc|sardu campidanesu}}, {{lang-it|sardo campidanese}}) is one of the two written standards of the [[Sardinian language]], which is often considered one of the most, if not the most [[conservative (language)|conservative]] of all the [[Romance language]]s. The orthography is based on the spoken dialects of central southern [[Sardinia]], identified by certain attributes which are not found, or found to a lesser degree, among the Sardinian dialects centered on the other written form, [[Logudorese dialect|Logudorese]]. Its [[ISO 639-3]] code is ''sro''.
-Traditionally the name ''Campidanu'' ([[Campidano]] in Italian) refers to the fertile area located around the towns of [[Guspini]] and [[Villacidro]]. Campidanese dialects can be found across the entire Province of Cagliari and not just the [[Province of Medio Campidano]] area. Campidanese also extends into parts of the [[Province of Nuoro]], notably the [[Ogliastra]] area and in the southern half of the [[Province of Oristano]], [[Oristano|the capital]] included. However, it is at this point that the dialects merge into [[Logudorese language|Logudorese]].
+Traditionally the name {{lang|sro|Campidanu}} ({{lang|it|[[Campidano]]}} in Italian) refers to the fertile area located around the towns of [[Guspini]] and [[Villacidro]]. Campidanese dialects can be found across the entire Province of Cagliari and not just the [[Province of Medio Campidano]] area. Campidanese also extends into parts of the [[Province of Nuoro]], notably the [[Ogliastra]] area and in the southern half of the [[Province of Oristano]], [[Oristano|the capital]] included. However, it is at this point that the dialects merge into [[Logudorese language|Logudorese]].
 ==Subvariants==
-There are seven main subdialects of Campidanese Sardinian, namely Western Campidanese, [[Sarrabus|Sarrabese]] (''sarrabesu''), Southern [[Barbagia]]n, and [[Oristano]]'s (''aristanesu'' or also ''arborensi''), [[Ogliastra]]'s (''ollastrinu''), [[Cagliari]]'s (''casteddaju''), and the varieties of [[Sulcis]] (''meurreddinu''). ''Casteddaju'' is the dialect spoken in the island's capital; however, it extends to most of the neighbouring towns and villages within a 15&nbsp;km radius of Cagliari. In 2009, the provincial administration of Cagliari approved the spelling, phonetics, morphology, and vocabulary rules for Standard Campidanese Sardinian.<ref>[http://www.provincia.cagliari.it/ProvinciaCa/resources/cms/documents/arregulas.pdf ''Ainas po su Sardu, Is Arregulas'', Provincia di Cagliari]</ref>
+There are seven main subdialects of Campidanese Sardinian, namely Western Campidanese, [[Sarrabus|Sarrabese]] ({{lang|sro|sarrabesu}}), Southern [[Barbagia]]n, and [[Oristano]]'s ({{lang|sro|'aristanesu}} or also {{lang|sro|arborensi}}), [[Ogliastra]]'s ({{lang|sro|ollastrinu}}), [[Cagliari]]'s ({{lang|sro|casteddaju}}), and the varieties of [[Sulcis]] ({{lang|sro|meurreddinu}}). {{lang|sro|Casteddaju}} is the dialect spoken in the island's capital; however, it extends to most of the neighbouring towns and villages within a 15&nbsp;km radius of Cagliari. In 2009, the provincial administration of Cagliari approved the spelling, phonetics, morphology, and vocabulary rules for Standard Campidanese Sardinian.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Comitau Scientìficu po sa Norma Campidanesa de su Sardu Standard |url=http://www.provincia.cagliari.it/ProvinciaCa/resources/cms/documents/arregulas.pdf |title=Arrègulas po ortografia, fonètica, morfologia e fueddàriu de sa Norma Campidanesa de sa Lìngua Sarda/Regole per ortografia, fonetica, morfologia e vocabolario della Norma Campidanese della Lingua Sarda |date=2009 |publisher=Alfa Editrice |isbn=978-88-85995-47-5 |edition=1 |location=Quartu S. Elena |language=sc,it |trans-title=Rules for spelling, phonetics, morphology and vocabulary of the Campidanese standard of the Sardinian language |oclc=422688646}}</ref>
 ==Vocabulary==
@@ Line 41: / Line 45: @@
 ==Characteristics==
-#Singular nouns descending from 3rd declension Latin nouns ending in "-i" (Campidanese ''pisci'' vs Logudorese ''pische'')
+#Singular nouns descending from 3rd declension Latin nouns ending in "-i" (Campidanese ''pisci'' vs Logudorese {{lang|src|pische}})
 #Plural definite article of "is" (Campidanese ''is terras'' vs Logudorese ''sas terras'')
 #Gerund in "-endi" (Campidanese ''èssendi'' vs Logudorese ''èssende'')
-#Conservation of the Latin phoneme <qu> and <gu> (/kʷ/ and /gʷ/) in words such as ''akua'' (water) and ''sànguni'' (blood).
+#Conservation of the Latin phoneme <qu> and <gu> ({{IPA|/kʷ/}} and {{IPA|/ɡʷ/}}) in words such as ''akua'' (water) and ''sànguni'' (blood).
-#Palatalisation of Latin word-initial /k/ before /e/ and /i/ (Lat. ''centum'' > ''centu'' cf. Logudorese ''chentu''). In medial positions, /k/ becomes -/ʒ/- (Lat. ''decem'' > ''dexi'' cf. Logudorese ''deghe'') or -/ʃʃ/- (Lat. ''piscem'' > ''pisci'')
+#Palatalisation of Latin word-initial {{IPA|/k/}} before {{IPA|/e/}} and {{IPA|/i/}} (Lat. ''centum'' > ''centu'' cf. Logudorese ''chentu''). In medial positions, {{IPA|/k/}} becomes {{IPA|/-ʒ-/}} (Lat. ''decem'' > ''dexi'' cf. Logudorese ''deghe'') or {{IPA|/-ʃʃ-/}} (Lat. ''piscem'' > ''pisci'')
-#Transformation of /rj/ to /rg/, /nj/ to /ng/, /lj/ to /ll/, and /ti/, /te/ into /tz/
+#Transformation of {{IPA|/rj/}} to {{IPA|/rɡ/}}, {{IPA|/nj/}} to {{IPA|/nɡ/}}, {{IPA|/lj/}} to {{IPA|/ll/}}, and {{IPA|/ti/}}, {{IPA|/te/}} into {{IPA|/tz/}}
-#Epenthetic /a/ before word-initial /r/ (Lat. ''rubeum'' > ''arrubiu'')
+#Epenthetic {{IPA|/a/}} before word-initial {{IPA|/r/}} (Lat. ''rubeum'' > ''arrubiu'')
 #Metathesis (Logudorese ''Carbonia'' vs Campidanese ''Crabonia'')
 #Catalan influence (Words such as ''seu'' "cathedral" loaned from Catalan)
-Campidanese Sardinian is intelligible to those from the central to southern part of Sardinia, where [[Logudorese language|Logudorese Sardinian]] is spoken,<ref name="Sardinianvarieties">[http://prosodia.upf.edu/home/arxiu/publicacions/2015%20OUP%20INTONATION%20IN%20ROMANCE/09-Frota%20&%20Prieto-Chap09-v2.pdf ''Sardinian intonational phonology: Logudorese and Campidanese varieties'', Maria Del Mar Vanrell, Francesc Ballone, Carlo Schirru, Pilar Prieto]</ref> but it is not to those from the extreme north of the island, where [[Sardinian language#Linguistics|Corsican–Sardinian dialects]] are spoken.
+Campidanese Sardinian is intelligible to those from the central to the southern part of Sardinia, where [[Logudorese language|Logudorese Sardinian]] is spoken,<ref name="Sardinianvarieties">{{Citation |last=Vanrell |first=Maria Del Mar |title=Sardinian Intonational Phonology: Logudorese and Campidanese Varieties |url=http://prosodia.upf.edu/home/arxiu/publicacions/2015%20OUP%20INTONATION%20IN%20ROMANCE/09-Frota%20&%20Prieto-Chap09-v2.pdf |last2=Ballone |first2=Francesc |last3=Schirru |first3=Carlo |last4=Prieto |first4=Pilar}}</ref> but it is not to those from the extreme north of the island, where [[Corsican language#Sardinia|Corsican–Sardinian dialects]] are spoken.
-Italian speakers do not understand Campidanese, like any other dialect of the Sardinian language:<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sardinian-language ''Sardinian Language'', Rebecca Posner, Marius Sala. Encyclopedia Britannica]</ref> Sardinian is an autonomous linguistic group rather than an [[Regional Italian|Italian dialect]]<ref>De Mauro, Tullio. ''L'Italia delle Italie'', 1979, Nuova Guaraldi Editrice, Florence, 89</ref> as it is often noted because of its morphological, synctatic, and lexical differences from Italian.
+Italian speakers do not understand Campidanese, like any other dialect of the Sardinian language:<ref>{{Cite web |last=Posner |first=Rebecca |last2=Sala |first2=Marius |title=Sardinian Language |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sardinian-language |website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref> Sardinian is an autonomous linguistic group rather than an [[Regional Italian|Italian dialect]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=De Mauro |first=Tullio |title=L'Italia delle Italie |publisher=Nuova Guaraldi Editrice |year=1979 |location=Florence |pages=89}}</ref> as it is often noted because of its morphological, syntactic, and lexical differences from Italian.
 ==Writing system==
+{{cleanup|reason=Letters are used without indicating whether they are intended to be graphemes, phonemes or phones|date=March 2023}}
-Campidanese is written using the Latin alphabet. Like Italian, Campidanese does not use w and y. Campidanese also uses the [[Digraph (orthography)|digraph]]s '''gh''', representing [[Voiced velar stop|/g/]], '''ch''' representing [[Voiceless velar stop|/k/]] before ''e'' and ''i'' vowels, '''tz''' representing [[Voiceless alveolar affricate|/ts/]] and '''x''', representing [[Voiced palato-alveolar sibilant|/ʒ/]].
+Campidanese is written using the Latin alphabet. Like Italian, Campidanese does not use {{angbr|w}} or {{angbr|y}}. Campidanese also uses the [[Digraph (orthography)|digraph]]s {{angbr|gh}}, representing {{IPAslink|g}}, {{angbr|ch}} representing {{IPAslink|k}} before ''e'' and ''i'' vowels, {{angbr|tz}} representing {{IPAslink|ts}} and {{angbr|x}}, representing {{IPAslink|ʒ}}.
-In phonetic syntax, final or intervocalic ''t'' is pronounced as a [[Voiced alveolar stop|/d/]] (es: ''issu andat'', meaning "he goes", is pronounced ''issu andada'' ) and ''s'' is pronounced as a [[Voiced dental sibilant#Voiced dental sibilant|/z̪/]], (es. ''sa mesa'', meaning "the table", is pronounced ''sa mez̪a''). When there are consonants like ''s'', ''t'' or ''nt'' at the end of the word, a helping vowel is usually added (es. ''sa domu'', ''is domus(u)'', the house, the houses).
+In phonetic syntax, final or intervocalic {{angbr|t}} is pronounced as a {{IPAslink|d}} (es: ''issu andat'', meaning "he goes", is pronounced {{Italic correction|''issu andada''}}) and {{angbr|s}} is pronounced as a {{IPAslink|z̪}},{{clarify|reason=/z̪/ doesn't appear in major Sardinian phonologies. Is this a phone? If so this probably isn't about spelling and doesn't belong in this section.|date=March 2023}} (es. ''sa mesa'', meaning "the table", is pronounced ''sa mez̪a''). When there are consonants like ''s'', ''t'' or ''nt'' at the end of the word, a helping vowel is usually added (es. ''sa domu'', ''is domus(u)'', the house, the houses).
-If preceded by a consonant, an "i" is inserted before the normally-initial ''s'' (es: ''sa scala'', ''is (i)scalas(a)'', the staircase, the staircases). The spelling rules were established by the Province of Cagliari with a deliberation on March 17, 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.provincia.cagliari.it/ProvinciaCa/it/contentview.wp;jsessionid=565728CAFB76E1ED4E9080F0DD01E4B9?contentId=CNG1701 |title=Provincia di Cagliari &#124; Leggi il contenuto |publisher=Provincia.cagliari.it |access-date=2015-10-22}}</ref>
+If preceded by a consonant, an "i" is inserted before the normally-initial ''s'' (es: ''sa scala'', ''is (i)scalas(a)'', the staircase, the staircases). The spelling rules were established by the Province of Cagliari with a deliberation on March 17, 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leggi il contenuto |url=http://www.provincia.cagliari.it/ProvinciaCa/it/contentview.wp;jsessionid=565728CAFB76E1ED4E9080F0DD01E4B9?contentId=CNG1701 |access-date=2015-10-22 |website=Provincia di Cagliari |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924082549/http://www.provincia.cagliari.it/ProvinciaCa/it/contentview.wp;jsessionid=565728CAFB76E1ED4E9080F0DD01E4B9?contentId=CNG1701 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
-==Examples==
-===Medieval administrative documents===
-(30 May 1225)
-:"Ego Benedicta de Lacon cum filiu miu donnigellu Guglelmu, per boluntadi de donnu Deu potestando parti de Calaris, fazzulli custa carta ad Sanctu Georgi de Sepollu de Gurgu et ad Sanctu Gorgoni et ad Sanctu Vittu pro beni ki llis fazzu pro Deu innanti et pro s'anima mia et de parentis mius. Dau potestadi et assoltura de paschiri et a aquari sa causa de Sanctu Georgi de Sebollu daa Serramanna fini ad s'oliastru de Semassi, k'esti paris cun s'ortu de sutta billa, berbeis et cabras, et porcus et baccas, et eguas et cavallus. Et no ndi levit pegus perunu pro terra maina et ni atera causa peruna ni ad sa dommu de Sanctu Georgi et ni ad sus serbus, nin pro Iuigi, nin pro donnigellu et nin pro curadori et nin pro armentariu et ni ad peruna personi de su mundu."
-===Poetry===
-===='' In s'aira profumu de vida '', Rosaria Floris (2009)====
-:In sa vida de donniunu
-:arregorda fillu miu
-:c’est sempri su bentu,
-:bentu comenti una stracia.
-:No ddu depis ascurtai,
-:est una fèra chi corròxinat
-:bolit aciapai s’aira
-:po pustis buchiai
-:in sa terra frunzia.
-:Assurta apustis, s’aira
-:profumat ‘e caridadi.
-:Bellesa chi a s’abetu est ispirada,
-:bellesa chi sciobèru
-:cun su coru incantau,
-:chi t’amostat s’arrexoni
-:po ti fait biviri in paxi
-:e fait brintai su soli.
-:S’aira profumada,
-:allùit suspirus de amori
-:e alliviat sa pena de corus fertus.
-===Prose===
-<big>'''''Po cantu Biddanoa'''''</big> - 1987
-(Benvenuto Lobina 1914 - 1993)
-:"Su trenu de Casteddu arribàt a mesudì. Ma de candu intràt in is furriàdas de Tacchu de Nurri e ancora no si biìat, s’intendìat su ciuff ciuff e su fragu de su fumu, màssima candu tiràt bentu estu. Sa primu a si biri fut sa macchina, candu s’incraràt in sa trincera de terra arrùbia e fut po lompi a su scàmbiu. Tandu su ciuff ciuff si faìat prus forti, a cuncórdiu cun is stantuffus chi movìant is arrodas, e su trenu, sulendu fumu biancu finza a celu, saludàt alligru is acacias chi fùant abetendiddu, strantaxas pe parti che sordaus. Mancai fessit cincu oras currendu e èssit passau Campidanu, Partiolla, Trexenta e Sarcidanu, non parìat fadiau. Passau su scàmbiu arrallentàt e si poniat a passu de ómini po intrai in stazioni: cun imponénzia, cun importànzia, cun totu is ogus de sa genti puntaus asuba, cumpraxu. Ma candu si firmàt, asutta de is matas de ùlimu prus artas de sa stazioni, e sa genti cumenzàt a si accostiai, su ùrtimu ciuff pariat unu suspiru: fut própiu fadiau. Ma fut prexau su própiu, su trenu de Casteddu: a ananti de sa macchina is cuatru numerus de latoni – 1908 – brilliant che unu sprigu, e su capustatzioni, cun su berretu arrùbiu in conca, fut benendu a ddu arricìri cun grandu arrespetu. Comenti dónnia dì."
 ==See also==
@@ Line 103: / Line 75: @@
 ==External links==
-{{incubator|sro}}
+{{Interwiki|code=sc}}
-* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121026012840/http://www.ditzionariu.org/ Ditzionàriu online - Dizionario della lingua sarda]
+* [https://ditzionariu.nor-web.eu/en/ Ditzionàriu in línia de sa limba e de sa cultura sarda]
 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120111065657/http://www.comitau.org/Mangaras/gramatiga/gramatiga_sarda.pdf Grammatica sardo-campidanese]
 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160326033159/http://www.antoninurubattu.it/rubattu/saggio-grammatica-campidanese.html Saggio di grammatica campidanese, Antoninu Rubattu]

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