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{{Infobox scientist
{{Infobox scientist
| name = John Cocke
| name = John Cocke
| image = John Cocke.jpg
| image = John Cocke (computer scientist).jpg
| birth_date = {{birth date|1925|5|30|mf=y}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1925|5|30|mf=y}}
| birth_place = [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte]], [[North Carolina]], US
| birth_place = [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte]], [[North Carolina]], US
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| death_place = [[Valhalla, New York|Valhalla]], [[New York (state)|New York]], US
| death_place = [[Valhalla, New York|Valhalla]], [[New York (state)|New York]], US
| residence =
| residence =
| citizenship =
| nationality = American
| ethnicity =
| field = [[Computer Science]]
| field = [[Computer Science]]
| work_institution = [[IBM]]
| work_institution = [[IBM]]
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| known_for = [[RISC]] <br/> [[CYK algorithm]]
| known_for = [[RISC]] <br/> [[CYK algorithm]]
| prizes = [[Turing Award|ACM Turing Award]] <small>(1987)</small><br/>[[Computer Pioneer Award]] <small>(1989)</small><br/>[[National Medal of Technology]] <small>(1991)</small><br/>[[National Medal of Science]] <small>(1994)</small><br/>[[IEEE John von Neumann Medal]] <small>(1994)</small> <br/> [[Computer History Museum]] Fellow (2002)
| prizes = [[Turing Award|ACM Turing Award]] <small>(1987)</small><br/>[[Computer Pioneer Award]] <small>(1989)</small><br/>[[National Medal of Technology]] <small>(1991)</small><br/>[[National Medal of Science]] <small>(1994)</small><br/>[[IEEE John von Neumann Medal]] <small>(1994)</small> <br/> [[Computer History Museum]] Fellow (2002)
| religion =
| footnotes =
| footnotes =
}}
}}
'''John Cocke''' (May 30, 1925 – July 16, 2002) was an American [[computer scientist]] recognized for his large contribution to [[computer architecture]] and [[optimizing compiler]] design. He is considered by many to be "the father of [[RISC]] architecture."<ref>
'''John Cocke''' (May 30, 1925 – July 16, 2002) was an American [[computer scientist]] recognized for his large contribution to [[computer architecture]] and [[optimizing compiler]] design. He is considered by many to be "the father of [[RISC]] architecture."<ref name="Schofield 2002 Cocke">
{{cite news
{{cite news
| first = Jack
| first = Jack
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| title = John Cocke
| title = John Cocke
| date = 2002-07-27
| date = 2002-07-27
| publisher = [[Guardian Media Group]]
| url = https://www.theguardian.com/science/2002/jul/27/obituaries.games
| url = https://www.theguardian.com/science/2002/jul/27/obituaries.games
| work = The Guardian
| work = The Guardian
| accessdate = 2011-05-10
| access-date = 2011-05-10
| quote = Cocke's idea was to use fewer instructions, but design chips that performed simple instructions very quickly. [...] Later, this approach became known as reduced instruction set computing (Risc) [...]
| quote = Cocke's idea was to use fewer instructions, but design chips that performed simple instructions very quickly. [...] Later, this approach became known as reduced instruction set computing (Risc) [...]
}}
}}
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==Biography==
==Biography==
He attended [[Duke University]], where he received his [[Bachelor's degree]] in Mechanical Engineering in 1946 and his [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] in Mathematics in 1956. Cocke spent his entire career as an industrial researcher for [[IBM]], from 1956 to 1992.
He was born in [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte]], [[North Carolina]], US. He attended [[Duke University]], where he received his [[bachelor's degree]] in [[mechanical engineering]] in 1946 and his [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] in mathematics in 1956. Cocke spent his entire career as an industrial researcher for [[IBM]], from 1956 to 1992.<ref name="Lohr 2002 obituary">{{cite web | last=Lohr | first=Steve | title=John Cocke, a Chip Wizard From I.B.M., Is Dead at 77 | website=The New York Times | date=2002-07-19 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/19/business/john-cocke-a-chip-wizard-from-ibm-is-dead-at-77.html | access-date=2024-02-11}}</ref>


Perhaps the project where his innovations were most noted was in the [[IBM 801]] minicomputer, where his realization that matching the design of the architecture's instruction set to the relatively simple instructions actually emitted by compilers could allow high performance at a low cost.
Perhaps the project where his innovations were most noted was in the [[IBM 801]] [[minicomputer]], where his realization that matching the design of the [[Instruction set architecture|architecture's instruction set]] to the relatively simple instructions actually emitted by [[Compiler|compilers]] could allow high performance at a low cost.


He is one of the inventors of the [[CYK algorithm]] (C for Cocke). He was also involved in the pioneering [[speech recognition]] and [[machine translation]] work at IBM in the 1970s and 1980s, and is credited by [[Frederick Jelinek]] with originating the idea of using a trigram [[language model]] for speech recognition.<ref>Jelinek, Frederick, "The Dawn of Statistical ASR and MT", Computational Linguistics, 35(4), 2009, pp. 483-494, [[doi: 10.1162/coli.2009.35.4.35401]]</ref>
He is one of the inventors of the [[CYK algorithm]] (C for Cocke). He was also involved in the pioneering [[speech recognition]] and [[machine translation]] work at IBM in the 1970s and 1980s, and is credited by [[Frederick Jelinek]] with originating the idea of using a [[trigram]] [[language model]] for speech recognition.<ref>Jelinek, Frederick, "The Dawn of Statistical ASR and MT", Computational Linguistics, 35(4), 2009, pp. 483-494, [[doi: 10.1162/coli.2009.35.4.35401]]</ref>


Cocke was appointed [[IBM Fellow]] in 1972. He won the [[Eckert-Mauchly Award]] in 1985, [[Turing Award|ACM Turing Award]] in 1987,<ref>John Cocke, The search for performance in scientific processors: the Turing Award lecture. Communications of the ACM, Volume 31 Issue 3, March 1988, Pages 250-253. [[doi:10.1145/42392.42394]]</ref> the [[National Medal of Technology]] in 1991 and the [[National Medal of Science]] in 1994,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nsf.gov/od/nms/recip_details.cfm?recip_id=79 |title=National Science Foundation - The President's National Medal of Science |publisher=Nsf.gov |date= |accessdate=2014-06-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thocp.net/biographies/cocke_john.htm|title=John Cocke|work=thocp.net|accessdate=21 December 2015}}</ref> [[IEEE John von Neumann Medal]] in 1984, [[Franklin Institute Awards|The Franklin Institute's Certificate of Merit]] in 1996, the [[Seymour Cray Computer Engineering Award]] in 1999, and [[The Franklin Institute Awards|The Benjamin Franklin Medal]] in 2000.
Cocke was appointed [[IBM Fellow]] in 1972. He won the [[Eckert-Mauchly Award]] in 1985, [[Turing Award|ACM Turing Award]] in 1987,<ref>John Cocke, The search for performance in scientific processors: the Turing Award lecture. Communications of the ACM, Volume 31 Issue 3, March 1988, Pages 250-253. [[doi:10.1145/42392.42394]]</ref> the [[National Medal of Technology]] in 1991 and the [[National Medal of Science]] in 1994,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nsf.gov/od/nms/recip_details.cfm?recip_id=79 |title=National Science Foundation - The President's National Medal of Science |publisher=Nsf.gov |access-date=2014-06-19}}</ref><ref name="Schofield 2002 Cocke"/> [[IEEE John von Neumann Medal]] in 1984, [[Franklin Institute Awards|The Franklin Institute's Certificate of Merit]] in 1996, the [[Seymour Cray Computer Engineering Award]] in 1999, and [[The Franklin Institute Awards|The Benjamin Franklin Medal]] in 2000. He was a member of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=John Cocke|url=https://www.amacad.org/person/john-cocke|access-date=2021-12-21|website=American Academy of Arts & Sciences|language=en}}</ref> the [[American Philosophical Society]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=APS Member History|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=John+Cocke&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced|access-date=2021-12-21|website=search.amphilsoc.org}}</ref> and the [[National Academy of Sciences]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=John Cocke|url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/deceased-members/56866.html|access-date=2021-12-21|website=www.nasonline.org}}</ref>


In 2002, he was made a Fellow of the [[Computer History Museum]] "for his development and implementation of reduced instruction set computer architecture and program optimization technology."<ref>{{cite web
In 2002, he was made a Fellow of the [[Computer History Museum]] "for his development and implementation of reduced instruction set computer architecture and program optimization technology."<ref>{{cite web
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|title = John Cocke
|title = John Cocke
|publisher = Computer History Museum
|publisher = Computer History Museum
|accessdate = 2013-05-23
|access-date = 2013-05-23
|url-status = dead
|url-status = dead
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130509235512/http://www.computerhistory.org/fellowawards/hall/bios/John%2CCocke/
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130509235512/http://www.computerhistory.org/fellowawards/hall/bios/John%2CCocke/
|archivedate = 2013-05-09
|archive-date = 2013-05-09
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


He was born in [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte]], [[North Carolina]] and died in [[Valhalla, New York|Valhalla]], [[New York (state)|New York]].
He died in [[Valhalla, New York|Valhalla]], [[New York (state)|New York]], US.


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
<references />


== External links ==
== External links ==
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110305155556/http://www.pratt.duke.edu/node/1558 Duke profile] from 1988 By Eileen Bryn
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110305155556/http://www.pratt.duke.edu/node/1558 Duke profile] from 1988 By Eileen Bryn
* [http://www.iment.com/maida/tv/computer/johncocketranscript.htm Interview transcript]
* [http://www.iment.com/maida/tv/computer/johncocketranscript.htm Interview transcript]
* [http://www.ieee.org/portal/pages/about/awards/pr/vonneupr.html IEEE John von Neumann Medal Recipients]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060720182319/http://www.ieee.org/portal/pages/about/awards/pr/vonneupr.html IEEE John von Neumann Medal Recipients]


{{Turing award}}
{{Turing award}}
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[[Category:Duke University Pratt School of Engineering alumni]]
[[Category:Duke University Pratt School of Engineering alumni]]
[[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Members of the American Philosophical Society]]
[[Category:The Benjamin Franklin Medal in Computer and Cognitive Science laureates]]

Revision as of 04:03, 31 July 2024

For other people named John Cocke, see John Cocke (disambiguation).
John Cocke
Born(1925-05-30)May 30, 1925
Charlotte, North Carolina, US
DiedJuly 16, 2002(2002-07-16) (aged 77)
Valhalla, New York, US
Alma materDuke University
Known forRISC
CYK algorithm
AwardsACM Turing Award (1987)
Computer Pioneer Award (1989)
National Medal of Technology (1991)
National Medal of Science (1994)
IEEE John von Neumann Medal (1994)
Computer History Museum Fellow (2002)
Scientific career
FieldsComputer Science
InstitutionsIBM

John Cocke (May 30, 1925 – July 16, 2002) was an American computer scientist recognized for his large contribution to computer architecture and optimizing compiler design. He is considered by many to be "the father of RISC architecture."[1]

Biography

He was born in Charlotte, North Carolina, US. He attended Duke University, where he received his bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering in 1946 and his Ph.D. in mathematics in 1956. Cocke spent his entire career as an industrial researcher for IBM, from 1956 to 1992.[2]

Perhaps the project where his innovations were most noted was in the IBM 801 minicomputer, where his realization that matching the design of the architecture's instruction set to the relatively simple instructions actually emitted by compilers could allow high performance at a low cost.

He is one of the inventors of the CYK algorithm (C for Cocke). He was also involved in the pioneering speech recognition and machine translation work at IBM in the 1970s and 1980s, and is credited by Frederick Jelinek with originating the idea of using a trigram language model for speech recognition.[3]

Cocke was appointed IBM Fellow in 1972. He won the Eckert-Mauchly Award in 1985, ACM Turing Award in 1987,[4] the National Medal of Technology in 1991 and the National Medal of Science in 1994,[5][1] IEEE John von Neumann Medal in 1984, The Franklin Institute's Certificate of Merit in 1996, the Seymour Cray Computer Engineering Award in 1999, and The Benjamin Franklin Medal in 2000. He was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences,[6] the American Philosophical Society,[7] and the National Academy of Sciences.[8]

In 2002, he was made a Fellow of the Computer History Museum "for his development and implementation of reduced instruction set computer architecture and program optimization technology."[9]

He died in Valhalla, New York, US.

References

  1. ^ a b Schofield, Jack (2002-07-27). "John Cocke". The Guardian. Retrieved 2011-05-10. Cocke's idea was to use fewer instructions, but design chips that performed simple instructions very quickly. [...] Later, this approach became known as reduced instruction set computing (Risc) [...]
  2. ^ Lohr, Steve (2002-07-19). "John Cocke, a Chip Wizard From I.B.M., Is Dead at 77". The New York Times. Retrieved 2024-02-11.
  3. ^ Jelinek, Frederick, "The Dawn of Statistical ASR and MT", Computational Linguistics, 35(4), 2009, pp. 483-494, doi: 10.1162/coli.2009.35.4.35401
  4. ^ John Cocke, The search for performance in scientific processors: the Turing Award lecture. Communications of the ACM, Volume 31 Issue 3, March 1988, Pages 250-253. doi:10.1145/42392.42394
  5. ^ "National Science Foundation - The President's National Medal of Science". Nsf.gov. Retrieved 2014-06-19.
  6. ^ "John Cocke". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Retrieved 2021-12-21.
  7. ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2021-12-21.
  8. ^ "John Cocke". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved 2021-12-21.
  9. ^ "John Cocke". Computer History Museum. Archived from the original on 2013-05-09. Retrieved 2013-05-23.
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