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| name = Merlene
| name = Merlene
Ottey
Ottey
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=JAM|OJ|CD|size=100%}}
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=JAM|ON|OJ|OD|size=100%}}
| image = Ottey.jpg
| image = Ottey.jpg
| image_size = <!--Only for images narrower than 220 pixels.-->
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| headercolor =
| headercolor =
| birth_name = Merlene Joyce Ottey
| birth_name = Merlene Joyce Ottey
| fullname = Merlene Joyce Ottey-Page
| fullname = Merlene Joyce Ottey
| nationality = Jamaican
| ethnicity =
⚫
| citizenship = Jamaican<br />Slovenian
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1960|5|10|df=y}}
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1960|5|10|df=y}}
| birth_place = Cold Spring, [[Hanover, Jamaica|Hanover]], [[Colony of Jamaica|Jamaica]]
| birth_place = Cold Spring, [[Hanover, Jamaica|Hanover]], [[Colony of Jamaica]], British Empire
⚫
| citizenship = Jamaican (birth), Slovenia (since May 2002)
| death_date =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| death_place =
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}}
}}


'''Merlene Joyce Ottey''' {{post-nominals|country=JAM|OJ|CD}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://jamaica.loopnews.com/content/merlene-ottey-receive-jamaicas-fourth-highest-national-honour |work=Jamaica Loop News |title=Merlene Ottey to receive Jamaica's fourth-highest national honour |accessdate= 28 June 2021}}</ref> (born 10 May 1960) is a [[Jamaica]]n-[[Slovenia]]n former [[track and field]] [[sprint (running)|sprint]]er. She began her career representing Jamaica in 1978, and continued to do so for 24 years, before representing [[Slovenia]] from 2002 to 2012. She is ranked fourth on the all-time list over [[60 metres]] (indoor), eighth on the all-time list over [[100 metres]] and sixth on the all-time list over [[200 metres]]. She is the current world indoor record holder for 200 metres with 21.87 seconds, set in 1993. She was named Jamaican Sportswoman of the Year 13 times between 1979 and 1995.
'''Merlene Joyce Ottey''' {{post-nominals|country=JAM|ON|OJ|OD}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://jamaica.loopnews.com/content/merlene-ottey-receive-jamaicas-fourth-highest-national-honour |work=Jamaica Loop News |title=Merlene Ottey to receive Jamaica's fourth-highest national honour |accessdate= 28 June 2021}}</ref> (born 10 May 1960) is a [[Jamaica]]n-[[Slovenia]]n former [[track and field]] [[sprint (running)|sprint]]er. She began her career representing Jamaica in 1978, and continued to do so for 24 years, before representing [[Slovenia]] from 2002 to 2012. She is ranked fourth on the all-time list over [[60 metres]] (indoor), eighth on the all-time list over [[100 metres]] and sixth on the all-time list over [[200 metres]]. She is the current world indoor record holder for 200 metres with 21.87 seconds, set in 1993. She was named Jamaican Sportswoman of the Year 13 times between 1979 and 1995.


Ottey had the longest career as a top-level international sprinter appearing at the [[1979 Pan American Games]] as a 19-year-old fresh from U-20 and Junior competitions, and concluding her career at age 52 when she anchored the Slovene [[2012 European Athletics Championships – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay|4 × 100 m relay]] team at the [[2012 European Athletics Championships|2012 European Championships]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://masterstrack.com/2010/07/14700/ |title=Merlene Ottey becomes oldest athlete in Euro championships |publisher=masterstrack.com |access-date=23 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008004702/http://masterstrack.com/2010/07/14700/ |archive-date=8 October 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2010/jul/31/merlene-ottey-oldest-competitor | location=London | work=The Guardian | first=Helen | last=Chandler | title=Merlene Ottey hopes age will be no barrier in the long run | date=31 July 2010}}</ref>
Ottey had the longest career as a top-level international sprinter appearing at the [[1979 Pan American Games]] as a 19-year-old fresh from U-20 and Junior competitions, and concluding her career at age 52 when she anchored the Slovene [[2012 European Athletics Championships – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay|4 × 100 m relay]] team at the [[2012 European Athletics Championships|2012 European Championships]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://masterstrack.com/2010/07/14700/ |title=Merlene Ottey becomes oldest athlete in Euro championships |publisher=masterstrack.com |access-date=23 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008004702/http://masterstrack.com/2010/07/14700/ |archive-date=8 October 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2010/jul/31/merlene-ottey-oldest-competitor | location=London | work=The Guardian | first=Helen | last=Chandler | title=Merlene Ottey hopes age will be no barrier in the long run | date=31 July 2010}}</ref>
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Ottey's inspiration came from listening to the track and field broadcast from the [[1976 Summer Olympics]] in Montreal, where [[Donald Quarrie]] ran in the sprint finals. Her athletics career took off when she moved to the [[US]] and attended the [[University of Nebraska]] in 1979, where she joined the track team. She won 14 individual national titles and earned 24 All-America awards, both of which are the most by any Husker student-athlete. Ottey won multiple NCAA titles in each of her five total seasons, including five combined indoor and outdoor titles in 1982 and four in 1981. She earned multiple All-America accolades in each of her five seasons, with seven combined All-America awards in 1982, six in 1980 and five in 1981. Ottey was also a member of Nebraska's indoor national championship teams in 1982, 1983 and 1984. She still holds Nebraska's top indoor marks in the 55- and 200-meter dashes and the program's top outdoor marks in the 100- and 200-meter dashes.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://huskers.com/news/2022/4/14/track-and-field-greene-ottey-inducted-into-collegiate-athlete-hall-of-fame.aspx | title=Greene, Ottey to be Inducted to Collegiate Athlete Hall of Fame }}</ref>
Ottey's inspiration came from listening to the track and field broadcast from the [[1976 Summer Olympics]] in Montreal, where [[Donald Quarrie]] ran in the sprint finals. Her athletics career took off when she moved to the [[US]] and attended the [[University of Nebraska]] in 1979, where she joined the track team. She won 14 individual national titles and earned 24 All-America awards, both of which are the most by any Husker student-athlete. Ottey won multiple NCAA titles in each of her five total seasons, including five combined indoor and outdoor titles in 1982 and four in 1981. She earned multiple All-America accolades in each of her five seasons, with seven combined All-America awards in 1982, six in 1980 and five in 1981. Ottey was also a member of Nebraska's indoor national championship teams in 1982, 1983 and 1984. She still holds Nebraska's top indoor marks in the 55- and 200-meter dashes and the program's top outdoor marks in the 100- and 200-meter dashes.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://huskers.com/news/2022/4/14/track-and-field-greene-ottey-inducted-into-collegiate-athlete-hall-of-fame.aspx | title=Greene, Ottey to be Inducted to Collegiate Athlete Hall of Fame }}</ref>


She represented Jamaica in the [[1979 Pan American Games]], winning a [[bronze medal]] in the 200 m. She graduated from university with a Bachelor of Arts Degree and married fellow athlete Nathaniel Page in 1984 and briefly used the name Merlene Ottey-Page. The couple later divorced.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}
She represented Jamaica in the [[1979 Pan American Games]], winning a [[bronze medal]] in the 200m. She graduated from university with a Bachelor of Arts degree and married fellow athlete Nathaniel Page in 1984 and briefly used the name Merlene Ottey-Page. The couple later divorced.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}


In the [[1980 Summer Olympics|1980 Moscow games]], Ottey became the first female English-speaking [[Caribbean]] athlete to win an Olympic medal. Back in Jamaica, she was awarded an Officer of the Order of Nation, and the Order of Distinction for "services in the field of sport".{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}
In the [[1980 Summer Olympics|1980 Moscow games]], Ottey became the first female English-speaking [[Caribbean]] athlete to win an Olympic medal. Back in Jamaica, she was awarded an Officer of the Order of Nation, and the Order of Distinction for "services in the field of sport".{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}
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In the [[1982 Commonwealth Games]], Ottey won a gold medal in the 200 m and silver medal in the 100 m. Nearly a decade later, in the [[1990 Commonwealth Games]], she won gold in both events. Ottey was named Ambassador of Jamaica after her gold medal win in the 1993 world championships. She has also been named Jamaican Sportswoman of the Year 13 times between 1979 and 1995.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}
In the [[1982 Commonwealth Games]], Ottey won a gold medal in the 200 m and silver medal in the 100 m. Nearly a decade later, in the [[1990 Commonwealth Games]], she won gold in both events. Ottey was named Ambassador of Jamaica after her gold medal win in the 1993 world championships. She has also been named Jamaican Sportswoman of the Year 13 times between 1979 and 1995.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}


Throughout her career, she has won nine Olympic medals, which ties with [[Allyson Felix]] for the [[List of multiple Olympic medalists|most by any woman]] in track and field history [https://web.archive.org/web/20050216074451/http://www.olympic.org.nz/Article.aspx?ID=685]. These include three silver and six bronze medals. She has never won an Olympic gold medal, but lost by five thousandths of a second to [[Gail Devers]] in the [[Athletics at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metres|100 m Final]] at the [[1996 Summer Olympics]] in Atlanta when they both recorded the same time of 10.94 seconds.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/devers-gives-the-old-shoulder-to-ottey-1331014.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220512/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/devers-gives-the-old-shoulder-to-ottey-1331014.html |archive-date=12 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live | work=The Independent | location=London | title=Devers gives the old shoulder to Ottey | first=Mike | last=Rowbottom | date=29 July 1996 | access-date=12 May 2010}}</ref> This was not her closest finish to Devers – she recorded a time of 10.812 seconds to Devers' 10.811 seconds in the [[1993 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 100 metres|1993 World Championships]] in [[Stuttgart]] – still the closest finish at an international athletics meet.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iaaf.org/mm/document/competitions/competition/05/15/62/20090706014640_httppostedfile_p001-344_11301.pdf |title=Draft Front inside & p001 1 |access-date=23 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605024617/http://www.iaaf.org/mm/Document/Competitions/Competition/05/15/62/20090706014640_httppostedfile_p001-344_11301.pdf |archive-date=5 June 2011 }}</ref>
Throughout her career, she has won nine Olympic medals, which ties with [[Allyson Felix]] for the [[List of multiple Olympic medalists|most by any woman]] in track and field history [https://web.archive.org/web/20050216074451/http://www.olympic.org.nz/Article.aspx?ID=685]. These include three silver and six bronze medals. She has never won an Olympic gold medal, but lost by five-thousandths of a second to [[Gail Devers]] in the [[Athletics at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metres|100m final]] at the [[1996 Summer Olympics]] in Atlanta when they both recorded the same time of 10.94 seconds.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/devers-gives-the-old-shoulder-to-ottey-1331014.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220512/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/devers-gives-the-old-shoulder-to-ottey-1331014.html |archive-date=12 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live | work=The Independent | location=London | title=Devers gives the old shoulder to Ottey | first=Mike | last=Rowbottom | date=29 July 1996 | access-date=12 May 2010}}</ref> This was not her closest finish to Devers – she recorded a time of 10.812 seconds to Devers' 10.811 seconds in the [[1993 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 100 metres|1993 World Championships]] in [[Stuttgart]] – still the closest finish at an international athletics meet.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iaaf.org/mm/document/competitions/competition/05/15/62/20090706014640_httppostedfile_p001-344_11301.pdf |title=Draft Front inside & p001 1 |access-date=23 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605024617/http://www.iaaf.org/mm/Document/Competitions/Competition/05/15/62/20090706014640_httppostedfile_p001-344_11301.pdf |archive-date=5 June 2011 }}</ref>


Her [[List of athletes with the most appearances at Olympic Games|seven Olympic appearances]] from 1980 to 2004 are the second most by any [[Athletics at the Summer Olympics|Track & Field]] athlete, after Spanish race walker [[Jesús Ángel García]].{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}
Her [[List of athletes with the most appearances at Olympic Games|seven Olympic appearances]] from 1980 to 2004 are the second most by any [[Athletics at the Summer Olympics|Track & Field]] athlete, after Spanish race walker [[Jesús Ángel García]].{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}
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In 1999, during a meet in [[Lucerne, Switzerland]], a [[urine]] sample submitted had returned positive for the banned [[anabolic steroid]] [[nandrolone]]. Her 'B' sample also contained higher than normal levels of the substance. Ottey was subsequently banned by the [[IAAF]] from competing in the World Championships in [[Seville, Spain]].{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}
In 1999, during a meet in [[Lucerne, Switzerland]], a [[urine]] sample submitted had returned positive for the banned [[anabolic steroid]] [[nandrolone]]. Her 'B' sample also contained higher than normal levels of the substance. Ottey was subsequently banned by the [[IAAF]] from competing in the World Championships in [[Seville, Spain]].{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}


Ottey fought to clear her name, asserting that charge was a "terrible mistake", and that she was innocent of knowingly taking steroids.<ref name="BBC">{{cite news |title= Ottey cleared of drug charge |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sport/519559.stm |work= BBC News, Sport |date= 15 November 1999 |access-date=4 August 2009}}</ref> In the summer of 2000, Ottey was cleared of all charges by the Jamaica Amateur Athletic Association; the IAAF lifted its two-year ban, after the CAS dismissed the case. The Court of Arbitration for Sport dismissed the case because the retesting order by the CAS was not completed in the time frame allotted.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}
Ottey fought to clear her name, asserting that charge was a "terrible mistake", and that she was innocent of knowingly taking steroids.<ref name="BBC">{{cite news |title= Ottey cleared of drug charge |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sport/519559.stm |work= BBC News, Sport |date= 15 November 1999 |access-date=4 August 2009}}</ref> In the summer of 2000, Ottey was cleared of all charges by the Jamaica Amateur Athletic Association; the IAAF lifted its two-year ban, after the Court of Arbitration for Sport dismissed the case. The case was dismissed because the retesting order by the CAS was not completed in the time frame allotted.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}


In Jamaica, at the National Senior Trials before selection for the Olympics, Ottey placed a disappointing fourth. According to the rules of the Jamaica Amateur Athletics Association (JAAA), only athletes who had finished in the top three at the trials were eligible to run at the Olympics; she was only qualified to run on the [[4 x 100 m relay]] team. Ottey asked that she be substituted for another team member, a courtesy that had been extended to others in the past. The JAAA's decision to replace [[Peta-Gaye Dowdie]] with Ottey caused widespread controversy. Dowdie's team members and many Jamaicans believed that Ottey had bullied her way onto the team. Jamaican 400 m Olympian and championship medallist [[Gregory Haughton]] led the notorious "Games Village" protests to oust Ottey, which made international headlines. The protest ended when The [[International Olympic Committee]] (IOC) threatened to throw the Jamaicans out of the Games if the team managers were not able to control their charges.<ref name = "Observer 1">{{cite web |author= Agostinho Pinnock |title= Merlene Ottey – no longer going for gold? |url= http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/magazines/AllWoman/html/20040822T220000-0500_64978_OBS_MERLENE_OTTEY___NO_LONGER_GOING_FOR_GOLD__.asp |work= Jamaica Observer, newspaper |date= 23 August 2005 |access-date=4 August 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071017102249/http://jamaicaobserver.com/magazines/AllWoman/html/20040822T220000-0500_64978_OBS_MERLENE_OTTEY___NO_LONGER_GOING_FOR_GOLD__.asp |archive-date = 17 October 2007}}</ref>
In Jamaica, at the National Senior Trials before selection for the Olympics, Ottey placed a disappointing fourth. According to the rules of the Jamaica Amateur Athletics Association (JAAA), only athletes who had finished in the top three at the trials were eligible to run at the Olympics; she was only qualified to run on the [[4 x 100 m relay]] team. Ottey asked that she be substituted for another team member, a courtesy that had been extended to others in the past. The JAAA's decision to replace [[Peta-Gaye Dowdie]] with Ottey caused widespread controversy. Dowdie's team members and many Jamaicans believed that Ottey had bullied her way onto the team. Jamaican 400 m Olympian and championship medallist [[Gregory Haughton]] led the notorious "Games Village" protests to oust Ottey, which made international headlines. The protest ended when the [[International Olympic Committee]] (IOC) threatened to throw the Jamaicans out of the Games if the team managers were not able to control their athletes.<ref name = "Observer 1">{{cite web |author= Agostinho Pinnock |title= Merlene Ottey – no longer going for gold? |url= http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/magazines/AllWoman/html/20040822T220000-0500_64978_OBS_MERLENE_OTTEY___NO_LONGER_GOING_FOR_GOLD__.asp |work= Jamaica Observer, newspaper |date= 23 August 2005 |access-date=4 August 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071017102249/http://jamaicaobserver.com/magazines/AllWoman/html/20040822T220000-0500_64978_OBS_MERLENE_OTTEY___NO_LONGER_GOING_FOR_GOLD__.asp |archive-date = 17 October 2007}}</ref>


At the 2000 Olympics, Ottey finished fourth in the 100 m, beaten from a medal by fellow Jamaican sprinter [[Tayna Lawrence]]. The race was won by [[Marion Jones]], who registered 10.75 seconds, followed by [[Ekaterini Thanou]] of [[Greece]] in 11.12 seconds. Lawrence posted 11.18 seconds to Ottey's 11.19 seconds. In the 4×100 relay, the Jamaican team – bronze medalist Lawrence, teenager and newcomer [[Veronica Campbell]], and [[Beverly McDonald]] – was anchored by Ottey to a silver medal. This medal gave Ottey her eighth medal, the most ever for a female athlete. Nine years later, after the disqualification of Jones for steroid abuse, Ottey's fourth place was [[Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics - Women's 100 metres|retroactively promoted]] to third – giving Ottey her ninth medal – and Lawrence to second.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}
At the 2000 Olympics, Ottey finished fourth in the 100 m, beaten from a medal by fellow Jamaican sprinter [[Tayna Lawrence]]. The race was won by [[Marion Jones]], who registered 10.75 seconds, followed by [[Ekaterini Thanou]] of [[Greece]] in 11.12 seconds. Lawrence posted 11.18 seconds to Ottey's 11.19 seconds. In the 4×100 relay, the Jamaican team – bronze medalist Lawrence, teenager and newcomer [[Veronica Campbell]], and [[Beverly McDonald]] – was anchored by Ottey to a silver medal. This medal gave Ottey her eighth medal, the most ever for a female athlete. Nine years later, after the disqualification of Jones for steroid abuse, Ottey's fourth place in the 100 m was [[Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics - Women's 100 metres|retroactively promoted]] to third – giving Ottey her ninth medal – and Lawrence to second.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}


Due to the controversy, Ottey decided that "after Sydney I said I wasn't going to run another race for Jamaica ... because I felt like the Jamaicans were trying to push me out of the sport and I really needed to prove my point, that I might be 40 but I can still run."<ref name="Reuters">{{cite web |title= Interview: Merlene Ottey |url= http://www.rediff.com/sports/2004/aug/13oly-ath.htm |work= rediff.com |publisher= Reuters |date= 13 August 2004 |access-date=4 August 2009}}</ref>
Due to the controversy, Ottey decided that "after Sydney I said I wasn't going to run another race for Jamaica ... because I felt like the Jamaicans were trying to push me out of the sport and I really needed to prove my point, that I might be 40 but I can still run."<ref name="Reuters">{{cite web |title= Interview: Merlene Ottey |url= http://www.rediff.com/sports/2004/aug/13oly-ath.htm |work= rediff.com |publisher= Reuters |date= 13 August 2004 |access-date=4 August 2009}}</ref>
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Ottey competed for Slovenia in the [[Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metres|100 metres]] at the [[2004 Summer Olympics]] in Athens, where she reached the semifinals. She finished 5th, missing out on qualification for the final by just 0.03s. At age 46, she competed in the [[2006 European Championships in Athletics]]. She finished fifth in the semi-finals of the 100 metres and did not qualify for the final, which was won by [[Belgium]]'s [[Kim Gevaert]].
Ottey competed for Slovenia in the [[Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metres|100 metres]] at the [[2004 Summer Olympics]] in Athens, where she reached the semifinals. She finished 5th, missing out on qualification for the final by just 0.03s. At age 46, she competed in the [[2006 European Championships in Athletics]]. She finished fifth in the semi-finals of the 100 metres and did not qualify for the final, which was won by [[Belgium]]'s [[Kim Gevaert]].


Ottey failed by 0.28 seconds to reach her eighth Olympic Games, aged 48 in 2008. In spite of this, two years later she qualified for the Slovenian 4 x 100-metre relay squad at the [[2010 European Athletics Championships]] where she became the oldest athlete ever to participate in the history of the European championships.<ref>[http://www.bcn2010.org/paginasFront/Noticies/Detall_Noticies_/_IZ5g6X2evdHtKyMtyaZJdhhdFfQDAPI5pWMbTpXzwcZ7LRTK51qBS52lxDUjv_YNfZjhINTz38XP-sf06-aXnflDIOvdRcku Merlene Ottey races in Barcelona at 50 years of age] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100726163214/http://www.bcn2010.org/paginasFront/Noticies/Detall_Noticies_/_IZ5g6X2evdHtKyMtyaZJdhhdFfQDAPI5pWMbTpXzwcZ7LRTK51qBS52lxDUjv_YNfZjhINTz38XP-sf06-aXnflDIOvdRcku |date=26 July 2010 }}. Barcelona 2010 official site. Retrieved on 29 July 2010.</ref>
Ottey failed by 0.28 seconds to reach her eighth Olympic Games, aged 48 in 2008. In spite of this, two years later she qualified for the Slovenian 4x100-meter relay squad at the [[2010 European Athletics Championships]] where she became the oldest athlete ever to participate in the history of the European championships.<ref>[http://www.bcn2010.org/paginasFront/Noticies/Detall_Noticies_/_IZ5g6X2evdHtKyMtyaZJdhhdFfQDAPI5pWMbTpXzwcZ7LRTK51qBS52lxDUjv_YNfZjhINTz38XP-sf06-aXnflDIOvdRcku Merlene Ottey races in Barcelona at 50 years of age] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100726163214/http://www.bcn2010.org/paginasFront/Noticies/Detall_Noticies_/_IZ5g6X2evdHtKyMtyaZJdhhdFfQDAPI5pWMbTpXzwcZ7LRTK51qBS52lxDUjv_YNfZjhINTz38XP-sf06-aXnflDIOvdRcku |date=26 July 2010 }}. Barcelona 2010 official site. Retrieved on 29 July 2010.</ref>


At the age of 52, Ottey competed in the [[4x100 meters relay]] at the [[2012 European Athletics Championships]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/sport/52-y-o-Ottey-for-Helsinki-champs_11751741|title=52-y-o Ottey for Helsinki champs|publisher=jamaicaobserver.com|access-date=20 June 2012}}</ref> The Slovenian team were ranked 22nd in the world before the [[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay|2012 Olympics]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldathletics.org/records/toplists/sprints/100-metres/outdoor/men/senior/2020|title=100 Metres - men - senior - outdoor - 2020|website=www.worldathletics.org|access-date=2020-04-11}}</ref> with only the top 16 teams qualifying.
At the age of 52, Ottey competed in the [[4x100 meters relay]] at the [[2012 European Athletics Championships]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/sport/52-y-o-Ottey-for-Helsinki-champs_11751741|title=52-y-o Ottey for Helsinki champs|publisher=jamaicaobserver.com|access-date=20 June 2012}}</ref> The Slovenian team were ranked 22nd in the world before the [[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay|2012 Olympics]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldathletics.org/records/toplists/sprints/100-metres/outdoor/men/senior/2020|title=100 Metres - men - senior - outdoor - 2020|website=www.worldathletics.org|access-date=2020-04-11}}</ref> with only the top 16 teams qualifying.
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==Records and achievements==
==Records and achievements==
[[File:Merlene Ottey 2011 European Team Championships.jpg|thumb|Ottey at the [[2011 European Team Championships]] in [[İzmir]]]]
[[File:Merlene Ottey 2011 European Team Championships.jpg|thumb|Ottey at the [[2011 European Team Championships]] in [[İzmir]]]]
*Ottey ranks at number four on the all-time list of the [[200 metres#Women (outdoor)|200 metres]], and number seven on the [[100 metres#All-time top 25 women|100 metres list]].
*Ottey ranks at number seven on the all-time list of the [[200 metres#Women (outdoor)|200 metres]], and number ten on the [[100 metres#All-time top 25 women|100 metres list]].
*In 1990, Ottey was awarded the [[World Athlete of the Year]] and the [[Track & Field News Athlete of the Year]] awards
*In 1990, Ottey was awarded the [[World Athlete of the Year]] and the [[Track & Field News Athlete of the Year]] awards.
*Ottey is the first female athlete to run 60 metres under seven seconds (6.96 in 1992)
*Ottey is the first female athlete to run 60 metres under seven seconds (6.96 in 1992).
*Ottey is the only woman to have run the 200 metres under 22 seconds indoors (21.87 in 1993).
*Ottey is the only woman to have run the 200 metres under 22 seconds indoors (21.87 in 1993).
*Ottey has the second 100 and 200 metres one day combination, with 10.93 and 21.66 (32.59 total) at the 1990 [[Weltklasse Zurich]] grand prix.
*Ottey has the second 100 and 200 metres one day combination, with 10.93 and 21.66 (32.59 total) at the 1990 [[Weltklasse Zurich]] grand prix.
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[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Nation]]
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[[Category:United States collegiate record holders in athletics (track and field)]]
[[Category:NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships winners]]
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Revision as of 19:55, 6 August 2024

The Honourable
Merlene Ottey
ON OJ OD
Merlene Ottey in Warsaw, Poland in September 2011
Personal information
Birth nameMerlene Joyce Ottey
Full nameMerlene Joyce Ottey
CitizenshipJamaican (birth), Slovenia (since May 2002)
Born (1960-05-10) 10 May 1960 (age 64)
Cold Spring, Hanover, Colony of Jamaica, British Empire
Height175 cm (5 ft 9 in)[1]
Weight62 kg (137 lb)
SpouseNat Page (1984–1987; divorced)
Sport
Country
  • Jamaica (1978–2002)
  • Slovenia (2002–2012)
SportAthletics
Medal record
Event 1st 2nd 3rd
Olympic Games (9 medals) 0 3 6
World Championships (14 medals) 3 4 7
World Indoor Championships (7 medals) 3 2 2
Total (30 medals) 6 9 15
Olympic Games
Silver medal – second place 1996 Atlanta 100 m
Silver medal – second place 1996 Atlanta 200 m
Silver medal – second place 2000 Sydney 4x100 m relay
Bronze medal – third place 1980 Moscow 200 m
Bronze medal – third place 1984 Los Angeles 100 m
Bronze medal – third place 1984 Los Angeles 200 m
Bronze medal – third place 1992 Barcelona 200 m
Bronze medal – third place 1996 Atlanta 4x100 m relay
Bronze medal – third place 2000 Sydney 100 m
World Championships
Gold medal – first place 1991 Tokyo 4x100 m relay
Gold medal – first place 1993 Stuttgart 200 m
Gold medal – first place 1995 Gothenburg 200 m
Silver medal – second place 1983 Helsinki 200 m
Silver medal – second place 1993 Stuttgart 100 m
Silver medal – second place 1995 Gothenburg 100 m
Silver medal – second place 1995 Gothenburg 4x100 m relay
Bronze medal – third place 1983 Helsinki 4x100 m relay
Bronze medal – third place 1987 Rome 100 m
Bronze medal – third place 1987 Rome 200 m
Bronze medal – third place 1991 Tokyo 100 m
Bronze medal – third place 1991 Tokyo 200 m
Bronze medal – third place 1993 Stuttgart 4x100 m relay
Bronze medal – third place 1997 Athens 200 m
World Indoor Championships
Gold medal – first place 1989 Budapest 200 m
Gold medal – first place 1991 Seville 200 m
Gold medal – first place 1995 Barcelona 60 m
Silver medal – second place 1987 Indianapolis 200 m
Silver medal – second place 1991 Seville 60 m
Bronze medal – third place 1989 Budapest 60 m
Bronze medal – third place 2003 Birmingham 60 m
Commonwealth Games
Gold medal – first place 1982 Brisbane 200 m
Gold medal – first place 1990 Auckland 200 m
Gold medal – first place 1990 Auckland 100 m
Silver medal – second place 1982 Brisbane 100 m
Bronze medal – third place 1982 Brisbane 4x100 m relay
Pan American Games
Silver medal – second place 1979 San Juan 4x100 m relay
Bronze medal – third place 1979 San Juan 200 m

Merlene Joyce Ottey ON OJ OD[2] (born 10 May 1960) is a Jamaican-Slovenian former track and field sprinter. She began her career representing Jamaica in 1978, and continued to do so for 24 years, before representing Slovenia from 2002 to 2012. She is ranked fourth on the all-time list over 60 metres (indoor), eighth on the all-time list over 100 metres and sixth on the all-time list over 200 metres. She is the current world indoor record holder for 200 metres with 21.87 seconds, set in 1993. She was named Jamaican Sportswoman of the Year 13 times between 1979 and 1995.

Ottey had the longest career as a top-level international sprinter appearing at the 1979 Pan American Games as a 19-year-old fresh from U-20 and Junior competitions, and concluding her career at age 52 when she anchored the Slovene 4 × 100 m relay team at the 2012 European Championships.[3][4]

A nine-time Olympic medalist, she holds the record for the most Olympic appearances (seven) of any track and field athlete. Although gold medal success at the Olympics eluded Ottey, she was able to bring home three silvers and six bronze medals. She won 14 World Championship medals,[5] and still holds the record (as of 2017) for most medals in individual events with 10.[6] Her career achievements and longevity led to her being called the "Queen of the Track". Her proclivity for earning bronze medals in major championships earned her the title of "Bronze Queen" in track circles.[7]

Ottey was formerly married to the American high jumper and 400 m hurdler Nat Page and was known as Merlene Ottey-Page during the mid-1980s.[8]

Life and sprinting career

Merlene Ottey was born to Hubert and Joan Ottey in Cold Spring, Hanover, Jamaica. She was introduced to the sport by her mother, who bought her a manual on track and field. [citation needed]

In her early school years in the 1970s, Ottey attended Gurneys Mount and Pondside Schools before graduating from Rusea's and Vere Technical high schools. There she frequently competed barefoot in local races.[citation needed]

Ottey's inspiration came from listening to the track and field broadcast from the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, where Donald Quarrie ran in the sprint finals. Her athletics career took off when she moved to the US and attended the University of Nebraska in 1979, where she joined the track team. She won 14 individual national titles and earned 24 All-America awards, both of which are the most by any Husker student-athlete. Ottey won multiple NCAA titles in each of her five total seasons, including five combined indoor and outdoor titles in 1982 and four in 1981. She earned multiple All-America accolades in each of her five seasons, with seven combined All-America awards in 1982, six in 1980 and five in 1981. Ottey was also a member of Nebraska's indoor national championship teams in 1982, 1983 and 1984. She still holds Nebraska's top indoor marks in the 55- and 200-meter dashes and the program's top outdoor marks in the 100- and 200-meter dashes.[9]

She represented Jamaica in the 1979 Pan American Games, winning a bronze medal in the 200m. She graduated from university with a Bachelor of Arts degree and married fellow athlete Nathaniel Page in 1984 and briefly used the name Merlene Ottey-Page. The couple later divorced.[citation needed]

In the 1980 Moscow games, Ottey became the first female English-speaking Caribbean athlete to win an Olympic medal. Back in Jamaica, she was awarded an Officer of the Order of Nation, and the Order of Distinction for "services in the field of sport".[citation needed]

In the 1982 Commonwealth Games, Ottey won a gold medal in the 200 m and silver medal in the 100 m. Nearly a decade later, in the 1990 Commonwealth Games, she won gold in both events. Ottey was named Ambassador of Jamaica after her gold medal win in the 1993 world championships. She has also been named Jamaican Sportswoman of the Year 13 times between 1979 and 1995.[citation needed]

Throughout her career, she has won nine Olympic medals, which ties with Allyson Felix for the most by any woman in track and field history [1]. These include three silver and six bronze medals. She has never won an Olympic gold medal, but lost by five-thousandths of a second to Gail Devers in the 100m final at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta when they both recorded the same time of 10.94 seconds.[10] This was not her closest finish to Devers – she recorded a time of 10.812 seconds to Devers' 10.811 seconds in the 1993 World Championships in Stuttgart – still the closest finish at an international athletics meet.[11]

Her seven Olympic appearances from 1980 to 2004 are the second most by any Track & Field athlete, after Spanish race walker Jesús Ángel García.[citation needed]

She held the record for most World Championship medals, winning 14 (three gold, three silver, eight bronze) between 1983 and 1997, until Allyson Felix took her total from 13 to 16 in 2017 and then to 18 in 2019. Ottey still holds the record for most World Championship medals in individual events, with 10. 13 of her medals at the Olympics and World Championships were bronze, earning her the nickname "the Bronze Queen" in racing circles. Ottey was appointed an Ambassador at Large by the Jamaican government in 1993. She was inducted in Nebraska's first Athletics Hall of Fame Class in 2015.[citation needed]

Controversy

In 1999, during a meet in Lucerne, Switzerland, a urine sample submitted had returned positive for the banned anabolic steroid nandrolone. Her 'B' sample also contained higher than normal levels of the substance. Ottey was subsequently banned by the IAAF from competing in the World Championships in Seville, Spain.[citation needed]

Ottey fought to clear her name, asserting that charge was a "terrible mistake", and that she was innocent of knowingly taking steroids.[12] In the summer of 2000, Ottey was cleared of all charges by the Jamaica Amateur Athletic Association; the IAAF lifted its two-year ban, after the Court of Arbitration for Sport dismissed the case. The case was dismissed because the retesting order by the CAS was not completed in the time frame allotted.[citation needed]

In Jamaica, at the National Senior Trials before selection for the Olympics, Ottey placed a disappointing fourth. According to the rules of the Jamaica Amateur Athletics Association (JAAA), only athletes who had finished in the top three at the trials were eligible to run at the Olympics; she was only qualified to run on the 4 x 100 m relay team. Ottey asked that she be substituted for another team member, a courtesy that had been extended to others in the past. The JAAA's decision to replace Peta-Gaye Dowdie with Ottey caused widespread controversy. Dowdie's team members and many Jamaicans believed that Ottey had bullied her way onto the team. Jamaican 400 m Olympian and championship medallist Gregory Haughton led the notorious "Games Village" protests to oust Ottey, which made international headlines. The protest ended when the International Olympic Committee (IOC) threatened to throw the Jamaicans out of the Games if the team managers were not able to control their athletes.[13]

At the 2000 Olympics, Ottey finished fourth in the 100 m, beaten from a medal by fellow Jamaican sprinter Tayna Lawrence. The race was won by Marion Jones, who registered 10.75 seconds, followed by Ekaterini Thanou of Greece in 11.12 seconds. Lawrence posted 11.18 seconds to Ottey's 11.19 seconds. In the 4×100 relay, the Jamaican team – bronze medalist Lawrence, teenager and newcomer Veronica Campbell, and Beverly McDonald – was anchored by Ottey to a silver medal. This medal gave Ottey her eighth medal, the most ever for a female athlete. Nine years later, after the disqualification of Jones for steroid abuse, Ottey's fourth place in the 100 m was retroactively promoted to third – giving Ottey her ninth medal – and Lawrence to second.[citation needed]

Due to the controversy, Ottey decided that "after Sydney I said I wasn't going to run another race for Jamaica ... because I felt like the Jamaicans were trying to push me out of the sport and I really needed to prove my point, that I might be 40 but I can still run."[14]

Slovenia

In 1998 Ottey moved to Slovenia and began training with Slovene coach Srđan Đorđević. There she was still representing Jamaica. However, in May 2002, she became a Slovene citizen, and resided in Ljubljana, where she represented her new country in international events.

Ottey competed for Slovenia in the 100 metres at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, where she reached the semifinals. She finished 5th, missing out on qualification for the final by just 0.03s. At age 46, she competed in the 2006 European Championships in Athletics. She finished fifth in the semi-finals of the 100 metres and did not qualify for the final, which was won by Belgium's Kim Gevaert.

Ottey failed by 0.28 seconds to reach her eighth Olympic Games, aged 48 in 2008. In spite of this, two years later she qualified for the Slovenian 4x100-meter relay squad at the 2010 European Athletics Championships where she became the oldest athlete ever to participate in the history of the European championships.[15]

At the age of 52, Ottey competed in the 4x100 meters relay at the 2012 European Athletics Championships.[16] The Slovenian team were ranked 22nd in the world before the 2012 Olympics[17] with only the top 16 teams qualifying.

Since 2014, Ottey has lived in Switzerland.[18]

Records and achievements

Ottey at the 2011 European Team Championships in İzmir
  • Ottey ranks at number seven on the all-time list of the 200 metres, and number ten on the 100 metres list.
  • In 1990, Ottey was awarded the World Athlete of the Year and the Track & Field News Athlete of the Year awards.
  • Ottey is the first female athlete to run 60 metres under seven seconds (6.96 in 1992).
  • Ottey is the only woman to have run the 200 metres under 22 seconds indoors (21.87 in 1993).
  • Ottey has the second 100 and 200 metres one day combination, with 10.93 and 21.66 (32.59 total) at the 1990 Weltklasse Zurich grand prix.
  • Ottey has run 100 metres under eleven seconds – 68 times (plus 9 wind-assisted) a record among female sprinters.
  • Ottey has run 200 metres under twenty-two seconds - 16 times (plus 1 wind-assisted) another record among female sprinters.
  • Ottey has 57 consecutive wins in 100 metres – the most consecutive wins over 100 metres for a female, and 34 consecutive wins at 200 metres.
  • Ottey holds the official World Masters Athletics world records in the 100 m and 200 m for the age groups W35 ( 100- 10.74 in 1996, 200- 21.93 in 1995 ) W40 ( 100- 10.99 in 2000, 200- 22.74 in 2004 ) W45 ( 100- 11.34 in 2006, 200- 23.82 in 2006 ) W50 ( 100- 11.67 in 2010, 200- 24.33 in 2010 ).[19]
  • Ottey is the first from the Western Hemisphere (outside the USA) to win two individual medals at the same Olympic Games.
  • At the 1995 World Championships, Ottey became the oldest ever female gold medallist when she won the 200 m at age 35 years 92 days. At the 1997 World Championships in Athens, she became the oldest female medallist ever at 37 years 90 days, when she won the bronze medal. In the 2000 Olympics, at age 40, Ottey became the oldest female track and field medalist when she anchored the Jamaican women's 4×100 metres to a silver medal. With the disqualification of Marion Jones, she was awarded the bronze medal in the 100 metres, making her the oldest individual medallist.
  • Ottey along with Carl Lewis, Usain Bolt and Allyson Felix, is one of four athletes to win twenty or more medals at the Olympic Games and the World Championships (combined).
  • Ottey holds the record for running the fastest women's Indoor 200 metres, in 21.87 seconds. This record has stood since 1993 and remains (as of 2016) the only sub 22sec clocking by a woman indoors.
  • In six World Championships competing for Jamaica, Ottey has won fourteen medals: three gold, four silver and seven bronze medals, while at the Olympics she has earned three silver and six bronze medals.
  • Ottey was the first female Caribbean athlete to win an Olympic medal.
  • Ottey has won the most career Olympic medals (9 medals: 3 silver and 6 bronze) in women's track and field, a record now shared with American sprinter Allyson Felix (6 gold and 3 silver).
  • Ottey has the quickest 200m performance ever into a headwind (-1.0m/sec or more ) achieved when clocking 21.66 (-1.0) in Zurich, 1990.
  • Ottey has won the Jamaican Sportsperson of the Year (sportswoman) a record 13 times, first winning in 1979 and last winning in 1995, no man or woman has won the award more.

International competitions

Year Competition Venue Position Event Notes
Representing  Jamaica
1978 CAC Junior Championships (U-20) Xalapa, Mexico 3rd 200 m 25.34s A
1st 4x100 m relay 47.12s A
2nd 4x400 m relay 3:58.8 A
1979 CARIFTA Games (U-20) Kingston, Jamaica 2nd 100 m 11.87s
2nd 200 m 24.05s
2nd 4x100 m relay 46.47s
Pan American Games San Juan, Puerto Rico 3rd 200 m 22.79w
1980 Olympic Games Moscow, Soviet Union 3rd 200 m 22.20
6th 4x100 m 43.19
heats 4x400 m 3.31.5
1982 Commonwealth Games Brisbane, Australia 2nd 100m 11.03
1st 200 m 22.19w
3rd 4x100 m 43.69
1983 World Championships Helsinki, Finland 4th 100 m 11.19
2nd 200 m 22.19
3rd 4x100 m 42.73
1984 Olympic Games Los Angeles, United States 3rd 100 m 11.16
3rd 200 m 22.09
8th 4x100 m 53.54
1987 World Indoor Championships Indianapolis, United States 4th 60 m 7.13
2nd 200m 22.66
World Championships Rome, Italy 3rd 100 m 11.04
3rd 200 m 22.06
1988 Olympic Games Seoul, South Korea DNS (sf) 100 m 11.03 (qf)
4th 200 m 21.99
DNS (f) 4x100 m 43.30 (sf)
1989 World Indoor Championships Budapest, Hungary 3rd 60 m 7.10
1st 200 m 22.34
1990 Commonwealth Games Auckland, New Zealand 1st 100 m 11.02w
1st 200 m 22.76
1991 World Indoor Championships Seville, Spain 2nd 60 m 7.08
1st 200 m 22.24
World Championships Tokyo, Japan 3rd 100m 11.06
3rd 200 m 22.21
1st 4x100 m 41.94
1992 Olympic Games Barcelona, Spain 5th 100 m 10.88
3rd 200 m 22.09
4x100 m DNF
1993 World Championships Stuttgart, Germany 2nd 100 m 10.82
1st 200 m 21.98
3rd 4x100 m 41.94
1994 World Cup London, United Kingdom 1st 200 m 22.23
1995 World Indoor Championships Barcelona, Spain 1st 60 m 6.97
World Championships Gothenburg, Sweden 2nd 100 m 10.94
1st 200m 22.12
2nd 4x100 m 42.25
1996 Olympic Games Atlanta, United States 2nd 100 m 10.94
2nd 200 m 22.24
3rd 4x100 m 42.24
1997 World Championships Athens, Greece 7th 100 m 11.29
3rd 200 m 22.40
1998 Goodwill Games New York City, United States 4th 100 m 11.21
2000 Olympic Games Sydney, Australia 3rd 100 m 11.19
2nd 4x100 m 42.13
Representing  Slovenia
2003 World Indoor Championships Birmingham, United Kingdom 3rd 60 m 7.20
World Championships Paris, France 11th (sf) 100 m 11.26
16th (qf) 200 m 23.22
heats 4x100 m DISQ
2004 World Indoor Championships Budapest, Hungary 9th (sf) 60 m 7.21
Olympic Games Athens, Greece 10th (sf) 100 m 11.21
DNF (sf) 200 m 22.72 (h)
2006 European Championships Gothenburg, Sweden 10th (sf) 100 m 11.44
2007 European Indoor Championships Birmingham, United Kingdom 19th (h) 60 m 7.33
World Championships Osaka, Japan 38th (h) 100 m 11.64
2010 European Championships Barcelona, Spain 13th (h) 4x100 m 44.30
2012 European Championships Helsinki, Finland 11th (h) 4x100 m 44.28
(#) Indicates overall position in qualifying heats (h) quarterfinals (qf) or semifinals (sf). DNF = did not finish DNS = did not start

See also

References

  1. ^ "Merlene Ottey-Page". sports-reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 10 February 2014.
  2. ^ "Merlene Ottey to receive Jamaica's fourth-highest national honour". Jamaica Loop News. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
  3. ^ "Merlene Ottey becomes oldest athlete in Euro championships". masterstrack.com. Archived from the original on 8 October 2011. Retrieved 23 October 2011.
  4. ^ Chandler, Helen (31 July 2010). "Merlene Ottey hopes age will be no barrier in the long run". The Guardian. London.
  5. ^ Statistics book, Berlin 2009 Archived 5 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine. IAAF. Retrieved on 13 August 2009.
  6. ^ "Individual placings". IAAF. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
  7. ^ Washington Post 20 August 2004
  8. ^ "Merlene OTTEY | Profile". www.worldathletics.org. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  9. ^ "Greene, Ottey to be Inducted to Collegiate Athlete Hall of Fame".
  10. ^ Rowbottom, Mike (29 July 1996). "Devers gives the old shoulder to Ottey". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 12 May 2022. Retrieved 12 May 2010.
  11. ^ "Draft Front inside & p001 1" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 23 October 2011.
  12. ^ "Ottey cleared of drug charge". BBC News, Sport. 15 November 1999. Retrieved 4 August 2009.
  13. ^ Agostinho Pinnock (23 August 2005). "Merlene Ottey – no longer going for gold?". Jamaica Observer, newspaper. Archived from the original on 17 October 2007. Retrieved 4 August 2009.
  14. ^ "Interview: Merlene Ottey". rediff.com. Reuters. 13 August 2004. Retrieved 4 August 2009.
  15. ^ Merlene Ottey races in Barcelona at 50 years of age Archived 26 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine. Barcelona 2010 official site. Retrieved on 29 July 2010.
  16. ^ "52-y-o Ottey for Helsinki champs". jamaicaobserver.com. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
  17. ^ "100 Metres - men - senior - outdoor - 2020". www.worldathletics.org. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  18. ^ "Ottey: Usain is a legend". The Gleaner. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
  19. ^ World Masters Athletics World Records Archived 11 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine
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