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| image = Wavel Ramkalawan - president of Seychelles (cropped).jpg
| image = Wavel Ramkalawan - president of Seychelles (cropped).jpg
| caption = Ramkalawan in 2020
| caption = Ramkalawan in 2020
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1959|3|15|df=y}}
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1959|3|15}}
| birth_place = [[Mahé, Seychelles]]
| birth_place = [[Mahé, Seychelles|Mahé]], [[History of Seychelles#British rule|Colony of Seychelles]]
| death_date =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| death_place =
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| alma_mater = St Paul's Theological College<br>[[University of Birmingham]]
| alma_mater = St Paul's Theological College<br>[[University of Birmingham]]
}}
}}
'''Wavel Ramkalawan''' (born 15 March 1959) is a [[Seychellois]] politician and [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] priest who has been serving as the [[president of Seychelles]] since 26 October 2020. Ramkalawan was an opposition MP from 1993 to 2011 and 2016 to 2020. He also served as the [[Leader of the Opposition]] from 1998 to 2011 and 2016 to 2020. On 25 October 2020, Ramkalawan won the [[2020 Seychellois general election|presidential election]], the country's first such victory for an opposition candidate since independence, marking its first successful [[peaceful transition of power]].
'''Wavel Ramkalawan''' (born 15 March 1959) is a Seychellois politician and [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] priest who has been serving as the [[President of Seychelles]] since 26 October 2020. Ramkalawan was an opposition MP from 1993 to 2011 and 2016 to 2020. He also served as the [[Leader of the Opposition (Seychelles)|Leader of the Opposition]] from 1998 to 2011 and 2016 to 2020. On 25 October 2020, Ramkalawan won the [[2020 Seychellois general election|presidential election]], the country's first such victory for an opposition candidate since independence, marking its first successful [[peaceful transition of power]].


==Early life==
==Early life==
Wavel Ramkalawan was born in [[Mahé, Seychelles|Mahé]], the principal island of Seychelles. He was born into a modest family, the youngest of three children. His great-grandfather was from [[Bihar]], [[India]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Seychelles leader visits Bihar, the land of his ancestors who migrated to work as plantation workers |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/world/seychelles-leader-visits-bihar-the-land-of-his-ancestors-who-migrated-to-work-as-plantation-workers-5017753/ |access-date=27 July 2023 |archive-date=9 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320033124/https://indianexpress.com/article/world/seychelles-leader-visits-bihar-the-land-of-his-ancestors-who-migrated-to-work-as-plantation-workers-5017753/ |url-status=live}}</ref>. His father was a [[metalworker|tinsmith]] while his mother was a [[teacher]]. Ramkalawan's primary and secondary education were at Seychelles College, the elite boys' school of the country.<ref name="upclose">{{cite news |url=http://www.pfsr.org/people/up-closewith-wavel-ramkalawan-politician-priest-and-family-person/ |title=Up Close…with Wavel Ramkalawan, politician, priest and family person |website=Seychelles Nation via Ministry of Youth, Sports and Culture |access-date=27 October 2020 |archive-date=26 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026132701/http://www.pfsr.org/people/up-closewith-wavel-ramkalawan-politician-priest-and-family-person/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Ramkalawan was [[ordained]] as a priest in 1985 following theological studies at [[St Paul's Theological College, Mauritius]], and thereafter followed further studies in theology at [[Birmingham University]].<ref name="upclose"/> Returning to Seychelles, he worked in several parishes in Seychelles, rising to become priest-in-charge of the parish of The Holy Saviour.<ref>{{cite web|title=Konn ou Kandida -Mr Wavel Ramkalawan|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kVvJq1VT8U|date=25 September 2020|access-date=26 October 2020|language=fr|publisher=SBC News|archive-date=28 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028212746/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kVvJq1VT8U|url-status=live}}</ref>
Wavel Ramkalawan was born in [[Mahé, Seychelles|Mahé]], the principal island of Seychelles. He was born into a modest family, the youngest of three children. His great-grandfather was from [[Bihar]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Seychelles leader visits Bihar, the land of his ancestors who migrated to work as plantation workers |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/world/seychelles-leader-visits-bihar-the-land-of-his-ancestors-who-migrated-to-work-as-plantation-workers-5017753/ |access-date=27 July 2023 |archive-date=20 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320033124/https://indianexpress.com/article/world/seychelles-leader-visits-bihar-the-land-of-his-ancestors-who-migrated-to-work-as-plantation-workers-5017753/ |url-status=live}}</ref> His father was a [[metalworker|tinsmith]] while his mother was a [[teacher]]. Ramkalawan's primary and secondary education were at Seychelles College, the elite boys' school of the country.<ref name="upclose">{{cite news |url=http://www.pfsr.org/people/up-closewith-wavel-ramkalawan-politician-priest-and-family-person/ |title=Up Close…with Wavel Ramkalawan, politician, priest and family person |website=Seychelles Nation via Ministry of Youth, Sports and Culture |access-date=27 October 2020 |archive-date=26 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026132701/http://www.pfsr.org/people/up-closewith-wavel-ramkalawan-politician-priest-and-family-person/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Ramkalawan was [[ordained]] as a priest in 1985 following theological studies at [[St Paul's Theological College, Mauritius]], and thereafter followed further studies in theology at [[Birmingham University]].<ref name="upclose"/> Returning to Seychelles, he worked in several parishes in Seychelles, rising to become priest-in-charge of the parish of The Holy Saviour.<ref>{{cite web|title=Konn ou Kandida -Mr Wavel Ramkalawan|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kVvJq1VT8U|date=25 September 2020|access-date=26 October 2020|language=fr|publisher=SBC News|archive-date=28 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028212746/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kVvJq1VT8U|url-status=live}}</ref>


==Entry into politics==
==Entry into politics==
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When the government, facing both domestic and international pressure, returned the country to [[multi-party]] [[democracy]] in 1992, Parti Seselwa was the first political party to register and join the ranks of others in opposition to the government. The party contested the [[1992 Seychellois constitutional commission election|1992 constitutional commission elections]]; they polled only 4% of the national vote, failing to qualify for representation on the commission.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/seychelles/27.htm|title=Opposition Movements and Interest Groups|author=U.S. Library of Congress|website=Country Studies|access-date=27 October 2020|archive-date=3 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161103012624/http://countrystudies.us/seychelles/27.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> After the promulgation of the [[Constitution of Seychelles|new constitution in 1993]], two other opposition parties joined Parti Seselwa to form The United Opposition (UO) and contest the [[1993 Seychellois general election|1993 general elections]]. The combined party won 9% of the vote, enabling it to appoint one member (Ramkalawan) to the [[National Assembly (Seychelles)|National Assembly]].<ref name="third_republic"/>
When the government, facing both domestic and international pressure, returned the country to [[multi-party]] [[democracy]] in 1992, Parti Seselwa was the first political party to register and join the ranks of others in opposition to the government. The party contested the [[1992 Seychellois constitutional commission election|1992 constitutional commission elections]]; they polled only 4% of the national vote, failing to qualify for representation on the commission.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/seychelles/27.htm|title=Opposition Movements and Interest Groups|author=U.S. Library of Congress|website=Country Studies|access-date=27 October 2020|archive-date=3 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161103012624/http://countrystudies.us/seychelles/27.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> After the promulgation of the [[Constitution of Seychelles|new constitution in 1993]], two other opposition parties joined Parti Seselwa to form The United Opposition (UO) and contest the [[1993 Seychellois general election|1993 general elections]]. The combined party won 9% of the vote, enabling it to appoint one member (Ramkalawan) to the [[National Assembly (Seychelles)|National Assembly]].<ref name="third_republic"/>


In [[1998 Seychellois general election|1998]], Ramkalawan led his party into the second multi-party general elections.<ref name="sbcwin">{{cite news|url=https://sbc.sc/news/wavel-ramkalawan-wins-presidency-of-seychelles-unseating-incumbent-in-his-6th-run-for-top-office/|title=Wavel Ramkalawan wins Presidency of Seychelles unseating incumbent in his 6th run for top office|website=Seychelles Broadcasting Corporation.|access-date=27 October 2020|archive-date=28 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028212049/https://sbc.sc/news/wavel-ramkalawan-wins-presidency-of-seychelles-unseating-incumbent-in-his-6th-run-for-top-office/|url-status=live}}</ref> The party polled 27% of the national vote<ref name="fact1998">{{cite web|url=http://www.fullbooks.com/The-World-Factbook-199838.html|title=The World Factbook 1998 part 38 out of 51|author=United States Central Intelligence Agency|website=Fullbooks|access-date=27 October 2020|archive-date=28 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028210806/http://www.fullbooks.com/The-World-Factbook-199838.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and increased its National Assembly representation to three, beating the [[Seychelles Democratic Party|Democratic Party]] of former President [[James Mancham]] into third place. Ramkalawan became the first directly elected member of the party in the Assembly, winning his home constituency of [[Saint Louis, Seychelles|St Louis]], which he has represented continuously since. In addition, he succeeded Mancham as [[Leader of the Opposition]], a post he continued to hold until 2020.<ref name="fact1998"/>
In [[1998 Seychellois general election|1998]], Ramkalawan led his party into the second multi-party general elections.<ref name="sbcwin">{{cite news|url=https://sbc.sc/news/wavel-ramkalawan-wins-presidency-of-seychelles-unseating-incumbent-in-his-6th-run-for-top-office/|title=Wavel Ramkalawan wins Presidency of Seychelles unseating incumbent in his 6th run for top office|website=Seychelles Broadcasting Corporation.|access-date=27 October 2020|archive-date=28 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028212049/https://sbc.sc/news/wavel-ramkalawan-wins-presidency-of-seychelles-unseating-incumbent-in-his-6th-run-for-top-office/|url-status=live}}</ref> The party polled 27% of the national vote<ref name="fact1998">{{cite web|url=http://www.fullbooks.com/The-World-Factbook-199838.html|title=The World Factbook 1998 part 38 out of 51|author=United States Central Intelligence Agency|website=Fullbooks|access-date=27 October 2020|archive-date=28 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028210806/http://www.fullbooks.com/The-World-Factbook-199838.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and increased its National Assembly representation to three, beating the [[Seychelles Democratic Party|Democratic Party]] of former President [[James Mancham]] into third place. Ramkalawan became the first directly elected member of the party in the Assembly, winning his home constituency of [[Saint Louis, Seychelles|St Louis]], which he has represented continuously since. In addition, he succeeded Mancham as [[Leader of the Opposition (Seychelles)|Leader of the Opposition]], a post he held from 1998-2011 and 2016-2020.<ref name="sna">{{cite web |title=Seychelles' 5 Leaders of the Opposition in the Third Republic |url=http://www.seychellesnewsagency.com/articles/19453/Seychelles%27++Leaders+of+the+Opposition+in+the+Third+Republic |website=www.seychellesnewsagency.com |publisher=Seychelles News Agency}}</ref>


In the [[Seychellois presidential election, 2001|2001 presidential elections]], Ramkalawan polled 45% of the vote, losing to the 54% vote won by President [[France-Albert René|René]].<ref name="fute">{{cite web|url=https://www.petitfute.com/p185-seychelles/guide-touristique/c59563-histoire.html|title=Seychelles Histoire|website=Petit Fute|access-date=27 October 2020|language=fr|archive-date=28 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028210820/https://www.petitfute.com/p185-seychelles/guide-touristique/c59563-histoire.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[2002 Seychellois parliamentary election|next year]], Ramkalawan led his party, now renamed the [[Seychelles National Party]] (SNP), into the [[National Assembly of Seychelles|National Assembly]] elections. The party increased its parliamentary representation from one directly elected member to seven and from two proportionally elected members to four.<ref name="third_republic">{{cite news |url=http://www.nation.sc/archive/250983/national-assembly-elections-in-the-third-republic |title=National Assembly elections in the Third Republic |website=Seychelles Nation |access-date=27 October 2020 |archive-date=28 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028210744/http://www.nation.sc/archive/250983/national-assembly-elections-in-the-third-republic |url-status=live }}</ref>
In the [[Seychellois presidential election, 2001|2001 presidential elections]], Ramkalawan polled 45% of the vote, losing to the 54% vote won by President [[France-Albert René|René]].<ref name="fute">{{cite web|url=https://www.petitfute.com/p185-seychelles/guide-touristique/c59563-histoire.html|title=Seychelles Histoire|website=Petit Fute|access-date=27 October 2020|language=fr|archive-date=28 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028210820/https://www.petitfute.com/p185-seychelles/guide-touristique/c59563-histoire.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[2002 Seychellois parliamentary election|next year]], Ramkalawan led his party, now renamed the [[Seychelles National Party]] (SNP), into the [[National Assembly of Seychelles|National Assembly]] elections. The party increased its parliamentary representation from one directly elected member to seven and from two proportionally elected members to four.<ref name="third_republic">{{cite news |url=http://www.nation.sc/archive/250983/national-assembly-elections-in-the-third-republic |title=National Assembly elections in the Third Republic |website=Seychelles Nation |access-date=27 October 2020 |archive-date=28 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028210744/http://www.nation.sc/archive/250983/national-assembly-elections-in-the-third-republic |url-status=live }}</ref>
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[[Category:People of Bihari descent]]
[[Category:People of Bihari descent]]
[[Category:People from Port Glaud]]
[[Category:People from Port Glaud]]
[[Category:Linyon Demokratik Seselwa politicians]]

Latest revision as of 15:05, 7 August 2024

Wavel Ramkalawan
Ramkalawan in 2020
5th President of Seychelles
Incumbent
Assumed office
26 October 2020
Vice PresidentAhmed Afif
Preceded byDanny Faure
Personal details
Born (1959-03-15) 15 March 1959 (age 65)
Mahé, Colony of Seychelles
Political partyLinyon Demokratik Seselwa
SpouseLinda Ramkalawan
ChildrenThree
Alma materSt Paul's Theological College
University of Birmingham

Wavel Ramkalawan (born 15 March 1959) is a Seychellois politician and Anglican priest who has been serving as the President of Seychelles since 26 October 2020. Ramkalawan was an opposition MP from 1993 to 2011 and 2016 to 2020. He also served as the Leader of the Opposition from 1998 to 2011 and 2016 to 2020. On 25 October 2020, Ramkalawan won the presidential election, the country's first such victory for an opposition candidate since independence, marking its first successful peaceful transition of power.

Early life

[edit]

Wavel Ramkalawan was born in Mahé, the principal island of Seychelles. He was born into a modest family, the youngest of three children. His great-grandfather was from Bihar, India.[1] His father was a tinsmith while his mother was a teacher. Ramkalawan's primary and secondary education were at Seychelles College, the elite boys' school of the country.[2] Ramkalawan was ordained as a priest in 1985 following theological studies at St Paul's Theological College, Mauritius, and thereafter followed further studies in theology at Birmingham University.[2] Returning to Seychelles, he worked in several parishes in Seychelles, rising to become priest-in-charge of the parish of The Holy Saviour.[3]

Entry into politics

[edit]
Ramkalawan with Desmond Tutu and French Chang-Him

In 1990, Ramkalawan came to prominence when he preached a sermon, broadcast on the national radio station, in which he questioned the practices of the one-party government[4] and advocated for greater freedom, respect for human rights, and observance of the rule of law in the country.[2] Although his broadcast was cut, Ramkalawan distributed copies of sermons criticizing the government. At the time, the Catholic and Anglican churches were the only institutions that could speak on social issues, mainly in sermons during weekly services.[5] In 1991, while still a priest, he joined fellow dissidents Roger Mancienne and Jean-François Ferrari to form the underground Parti Seselwa. Ramkalawan became its first leader.[2]

Opposition leader

[edit]

When the government, facing both domestic and international pressure, returned the country to multi-party democracy in 1992, Parti Seselwa was the first political party to register and join the ranks of others in opposition to the government. The party contested the 1992 constitutional commission elections; they polled only 4% of the national vote, failing to qualify for representation on the commission.[5] After the promulgation of the new constitution in 1993, two other opposition parties joined Parti Seselwa to form The United Opposition (UO) and contest the 1993 general elections. The combined party won 9% of the vote, enabling it to appoint one member (Ramkalawan) to the National Assembly.[6]

In 1998, Ramkalawan led his party into the second multi-party general elections.[7] The party polled 27% of the national vote[8] and increased its National Assembly representation to three, beating the Democratic Party of former President James Mancham into third place. Ramkalawan became the first directly elected member of the party in the Assembly, winning his home constituency of St Louis, which he has represented continuously since. In addition, he succeeded Mancham as Leader of the Opposition, a post he held from 1998-2011 and 2016-2020.[9]

In the 2001 presidential elections, Ramkalawan polled 45% of the vote, losing to the 54% vote won by President René.[10] The next year, Ramkalawan led his party, now renamed the Seychelles National Party (SNP), into the National Assembly elections. The party increased its parliamentary representation from one directly elected member to seven and from two proportionally elected members to four.[6]

In 2005, Ramkalawan took a sabbatical from his clerical duties in order to devote himself fully to his political life; he considered this time to be a crucial and important point in the country's affairs.[11] However, Ramkalawan lost to James Michel in the 2006 and 2011 presidential elections. Along with other major opposition parties, Ramakalawan and his party boycotted the 2011 parliamentary elections.[12]

In the 2015 election, Ramkalawan and Michel advanced to a runoff election, which was the first runoff presidential election in Seychelles. Ramkalawan lost with 49.85% of the vote and a 193 votes difference to his opponent Michel.[13]

President

[edit]

In the 2020 presidential election, Ramkalawan defeated incumbent president Danny Faure. According to the election commission, he secured 54.9% of the votes cast. [14][15] The election marked the first peaceful transfer of power to an opposition since independence in 1976.[16]

On 4 November 2020, the additional portfolios of Defence, Legal Affairs, Public Administration, National Planning and National Security were assigned to Ramkalawan.[17]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Seychelles leader visits Bihar, the land of his ancestors who migrated to work as plantation workers". Archived from the original on 20 March 2018. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  2. ^ a b c d "Up Close…with Wavel Ramkalawan, politician, priest and family person". Seychelles Nation via Ministry of Youth, Sports and Culture. Archived from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  3. ^ "Konn ou Kandida -Mr Wavel Ramkalawan" (in French). SBC News. 25 September 2020. Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
  4. ^ "Seychelles: (a) Whether young men are particularly targeted by police if suspected of government opposition; (b) how they are generally treated by police if suspected; (c) what recourses are available to such suspects; and (d) whether it is normal to impose a six o'clock curfew on these suspects". Refworld. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. 1 June 1991. Archived from the original on 26 October 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  5. ^ a b U.S. Library of Congress. "Opposition Movements and Interest Groups". Country Studies. Archived from the original on 3 November 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  6. ^ a b "National Assembly elections in the Third Republic". Seychelles Nation. Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  7. ^ "Wavel Ramkalawan wins Presidency of Seychelles unseating incumbent in his 6th run for top office". Seychelles Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  8. ^ United States Central Intelligence Agency. "The World Factbook 1998 part 38 out of 51". Fullbooks. Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  9. ^ "Seychelles' 5 Leaders of the Opposition in the Third Republic". www.seychellesnewsagency.com. Seychelles News Agency.
  10. ^ "Seychelles Histoire". Petit Fute (in French). Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  11. ^ "The reverend and the election". Africa Intelligence. Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  12. ^ "Opposition says will boycott National Assembly - Archive - Seychelles Nation". www.nation.sc. Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  13. ^ "James Michel secures third term winning 50.15 percent votes in Seychelles presidential run-off". Seychelles News Agency. Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  14. ^ "Seychelles opposition wins presidency for first time in 43 years". Reuters. 25 October 2020. Archived from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  15. ^ "Upset in Seychelles presidential election as incumbent loses". Associated Press. 25 October 2020. Archived from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  16. ^ "Seychelles election: Wavel Ramkalawan in landmark win". BBC News. 25 October 2020. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  17. ^ "President Ramkalawan unveils new cabinet". Seychelles Nation. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
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