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#REDIRECT [[Anarchism in Argentina#Semana Trágica and 1920s]] {{R to section}} |
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'''Expropriative anarchism''' ({{lang-es|anarquismo expropiador}}) is the name given to a practice carried out by certain [[anarchist]] [[affinity group]]s in [[Argentina]] and [[Spain]] which involved theft, robbery, [[scam]]s and [[Counterfeit money|counterfeiting currency]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090922162511/http://historiasigloxx.suite101.net/article.cfm/el_anarquismo_expropiador El anarquismo expropiador El uso de la violencia en beneficio de la Idea by Federico Millenaar]</ref><ref>[http://anarquismoexpropiador.blogspot.com/2008/05/anarquismo-expropiador-en-ro-de-la.html Anarquismo expropiador en río de la Plata] Published by ''Barricada'',from [[Montevideo]]</ref><ref name="Osvaldo Bayer 2008, p. 65">Osvaldo Bayer, ''Los anarquistas expropiadores y otros ensayos''. Booklet, Buenos Aires, 2008, p. 65.</ref> The robberies done were called "[[Confiscation|expropriations]] on the [[bourgeoisie]]". It had its major peak between 1920 and 1935 and some of its most famous practitioners were [[Buenaventura Durruti]], [[Francisco Ascaso]], [[Severino Di Giovanni]], [[Miguel Arcángel Roscigna]], and [[Lucio Urtubia]]. It was different from French [[illegalism]] because it was not thought of as a way of life but as a way of reaching political ends such as financing revolutionary activities, anarchist propaganda and the release of anarchist prisoners.<ref>"Se puede ver desde los testimonios de la época que, el accionar de los anarquistas y siguiendo la lógica de sus protagonistas, que la expropiación tenía claramente fines políticos. Existen testimonios de expropiadores y allegados a estos en donde se deja en claro que las condiciones de vida de estos no modificaron luego de las expropiaciones. No se enriquecieron en pocas palabras. Tampoco fue el caso de los grupos que posteriormente, y en otra coyuntura, se abocaron a esta tarea." [http://anarquismoexpropiador.blogspot.com/2008/05/anarquismo-expropiador-en-ro-de-la.html Anarquismo expropiador en río de la Plata] Published by ''Barricada'', from [[Montevideo]]</ref> |
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== Argentina == |
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[[Image:Severino di Giovanni.jpg|180px|left|thumb|[[Severino Di Giovanni]]]]Miguel Arcángel Roscigna and Andrés Vázquez Paredes, who had collaborated with [[Buenaventura Durruti]] and [[Los Solidarios]] when they were in Argentina, later executed a series of bombings against United States interests in response to the execution of [[Sacco and Vanzetti]]. In this campaign, the notorious Italian expropriator [[Severino Di Giovanni]] joined in. Roscigna y Vázquez Paredes alongside Antonio Moretti and Vicente Moretti carried out a robbery on the Rawson Hospital of Buenos Aires in October, 1927, where they obtained the amount of 141.000 pesos. According to historian Oswaldo Bayer, Roscigna, with this money they financed the counterfeiting of Argentinian currency.<ref name="Osvaldo Bayer 2008, p. 65"/> |
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The Moretti brothers and three [[Catalan people|Catalans]] recommended by Durruti decided to rob the Cambio Messina in [[Montevideo]], with an outcome of 3 deaths and only 4000 pesos. They ended up being arrested but shortly put in practice a spectacular jailbreak. Di Giovanni started publishing a magazine called ''Culmine'' and anarchist propaganda, all of which was financed partly by robberies.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090922155914/http://historiasigloxx.suite101.net/article.cfm/anarquismo_en_la_argentina Anarquismo en la Argentina Di Giovanni, el expropiador by Federico Millenaar]</ref> The anarcho-syndicalist publication La Protesta started criticizing Di Giovanni and his group in strong terms, even going so far as accusing him of being a spy and a police agent. Rosigna continued the expropriations but with the purpose of aiding anarchist prisoners.<ref>Osvaldo Bayer, ''Los anarquistas expropiadores y otros ensayos''. Booklet, Buenos Aires, 2008, p. 69.</ref> |
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== Eastern Europe == |
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[[Image:Chernoe Znamia Meeting Minsk.png|180px|right|thumb|[[Chernoe Znamia]]]] |
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Groups such as [[Rewolucyjni Mściciele]] (''Revolutionary Avengers'') and [[Chernoe Znamia]] (''The Black Banner''), active at the beginning of the 20th century, used expropriation as a means to fund their activities.<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Sekura | first1 = Adrian | title = Rewolucyjni Mściciele śmierć z browningiem w ręku | publisher = Bractwo Trojka | year = 2010 | location = Poznań | isbn = 9788392666264}}<!--| access-date = 2012-09-08 --></ref> |
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== More recent examples == |
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[[Image:Lucio Urtubia.jpg|150px|thumb|right|[[Lucio Urtubia]]]] |
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[[Lucio Urtubia]] Jiménez was a Spanish [[anarchist]] famous for his practice of expropriative anarchism. At times compared to [[Robin Hood]],<ref name="the hoff">{{cite journal |last=Hoffert |first=Barbara |date=2001-08-01 |title=Lucio: The Irreducible Anarchist. (Review) |journal=[[Library Journal]] |quote=Billed as a modern-day Robin Hood – or, more appropriately, the ultimate Quixote – Lucio Urtubia was born in Cascante, Spain }}</ref> |
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== References == |
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<references /> |
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== Bibliography == |
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* Bayer, Osvaldo. ''Severino Di Giovanni, el idealista de la violencia''. Booket, Buenos Aires, mayo de 2006. {{ISBN|9875800929}} |
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* Bayer Osvaldo, ''Los anarquistas expropiadores y otros ensayos''. Booket, Buenos Aires, 2008. |
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* Bayer, Osvaldo. ''Severino Di Giovanni, el idealista de la violencia''. Buenos Aires: Galerna, 1970. |
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* Noble, Cristina. ''Severino Di Giovanni, Pasión Anarquista.'' Buenos Aires: Ed. Capital Intellectual, 2006. |
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== External links == |
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* [http://anarquismoexpropiador.blogspot.com/ Digital Archive of Expropriative Anarchism] in Spanish |
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100918221733/http://rioter.info/2009/11/06/on-polys-georgiadis-case/ On the case of Greek social bandit V. Palaiokostas and the anarchists arrested with him] |
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{{Anarchism}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Expropriative Anarchism}} |
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[[Category:Illegalism]] |
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[[Category:Anarchist movements]] |
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[[Category:Anarchism in Argentina]] |
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[[Category:Anarchism in Spain]] |
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Latest revision as of 15:05, 10 August 2024
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