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Coordinates: 43°27′46″N 3°48′18″W / 43.46278°N 3.80500°W / 43.46278; -3.80500
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{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Santander
| name = Santander
| settlement_type = [[Municipalities of Spain|Municipality]]
| settlement_type = [[Municipalities of Spain|Municipality]]
| official_name = <!-- if different from name -->
| official_name = <!-- if different from name -->
| native_name = <!-- if different from name -->
| native_name = <!-- if different from name -->
|image_skyline = {{Multiple image
| image_skyline = {{Multiple image
| perrow = 1/2/1/2
| perrow = 1/2/1/2
| border = infobox
| border = infobox
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| caption6 = Las Llamas park
| caption6 = Las Llamas park
}}
}}
| image_flag = Santander.svg
| image_flag = Santander.svg
| image_shield = Coat of Arms of Santander (Spain).svg
| image_shield = Coat of Arms of Santander (Spain).svg
| nickname =
| nickname =
| motto =
⚫
| motto =
| image_map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=285|frame-height=180|frame-align=center|frame-coordinates={{Coord|39.8|N|3.7|W}}|zoom=4|type=point|title=Santander|marker=city|type2=shape|stroke-width2=2|stroke-color2=#808080|text=Interactive map of Santander.}}
| image_map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=285|frame-height=180|frame-align=center|frame-coordinates={{Coord|39.8|N|3.7|W}}|zoom=4|type=point|title=Santander|marker=city|type2=shape|stroke-width2=2|stroke-color2=#808080|text=Interactive map of Santander.}}
|map_caption = Location of Santander
| map_caption = Location of Santander
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = Spain
| subdivision_name = Spain
| subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous communities of Spain|Autonomous community]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous communities of Spain|Autonomous community]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Cantabria]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Cantabria]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces of Spain|Province]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces of Spain|Province]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Cantabria]]
| subdivision_name2 =
| subdivision_type3 = [[Comarcas of Spain|Comarca]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Comarcas of Spain|Comarca]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Bay of Santander]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Bay of Santander]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[Judicial districts of Spain|Judicial district]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[Judicial districts of Spain|Judicial district]]
| subdivision_name4 = '''Santander'''
| subdivision_name4 = '''Santander'''
| seat_type = [[Capital (political)|Capital]]
| seat_type = [[Capital (political)|Capital]]
| seat = '''Santander'''
| seat = '''Santander'''
| coordinates = {{coord|43|27|46|N|3|48|18|W|region:ES_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{coord|43|27|46|N|3|48|18|W|region:ES_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 15
| elevation_m = 15
| elevation_min_m = 0
| elevation_min_m = 0
| elevation_max_m = 108
| elevation_max_m = 108
| area_footnotes =
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 35
| area_total_km2 = 36
| established_title = Founded
| established_title = Founded
| established_date = 26 BC, as ''Portus Victoriae Iuliobrigensium'' 9 January 1755, granting the title of city
| established_date = 26 BC, as ''Portus Victoriae Iuliobrigensium''<br />9 January 1755, granting the title of city
| population_as_of = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_as_of = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
| population_footnotes = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
| population_total = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_total = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_demonym = Santanderine
| population_demonym = Santanderino/a, santanderense, pejino/a, chani<!-- REF: ''First dictionary castillian-cantabrian'', by Marco Antonio Robles Bárcena. Pág. 252. -->
| population_note =
| population_note =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_km2 = auto
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Languages of Spain|Official language(s)]]
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Languages of Spain|Official language(s)]]
| blank_info_sec1 = Spanish
| blank_info_sec1 = Spanish
| demographics_type2 = GDP
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| demographics2_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/met_10r_3gdp/default/table?lang=en|title=Gross domestic product (GDP) at current market prices by metropolitan regions|last=|first=|date=|website=ec.europa.eu|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref>
| utc_offset = +1
| demographics2_title1 = Metro
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| demographics2_info1 = €12.839 billion (2020)
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| postal_code_type = [[List of postal codes in Spain|Postal code]]
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| postal_code = 39001-39012
| utc_offset = +1
| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in Spain|Dialing code]]
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| area_code =
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| postal_code_type = [[List of postal codes in Spain|Postal code]]
| leader_title = [[Alcalde]]
| leader_name = Gema Igual (2016)
| postal_code = 39001-39012
| leader_party = [[People's Party (Spain)|PP]]
| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in Spain|Dialing code]]
| area_code =
⚫
| website = {{official website|http://santander.es/}}
| module =
| leader_title = [[Mayor]]
| footnotes =
| leader_name = [[Gema Igual]] (2016)
| leader_party = [[People's Party (Spain)|PP]]
⚫
| website = {{official website|http://santander.es/}}
⚫
| module =
| footnotes =
}}
}}


'''Santander''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|ˌ|s|æ|n|t|ən|ˈ|d|ɛər|,_|-|t|æ|n|-}} {{respell|SAN|tən|DAIR|,_-|tan|-}}, {{IPAc-en|US|ˌ|s|ɑː|n|t|ɑː|n|ˈ|d|ɛər}} {{respell|SAHN|tahn|DAIR}},<ref>{{cite LPD|3}}</ref><ref>{{cite EPD|18}}</ref> {{IPA-es|santanˈdeɾ|lang}}) is the capital of the [[Autonomous communities of Spain|autonomous community]] of [[Cantabria]] Spain. It has a population of 172,000 (2017).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ine.es/pob_xls/pobmun.zip|title=Cifras Oficiales de Población de los Municipios Españoles: Revisión del Padrón Municipal – Población a 1 de enero de 2017.|publisher=[[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)|Instituto Nacional de Estadística]]}}</ref> It is a [[port city]] located in the northern coast of the [[Iberian Peninsula]], facing the [[Cantabrian Sea]].
'''Santander''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|ˌ|s|æ|n|t|ən|ˈ|d|ɛər|,_|-|t|æ|n|-}} {{respell|SAN|tən|DAIR|,_-|tan|-}}, {{IPAc-en|US|ˌ|s|ɑː|n|t|ɑː|n|ˈ|d|ɛər}} {{respell|SAHN|tahn|DAIR}},<ref>{{cite LPD|3}}</ref><ref>{{cite EPD|18}}</ref> {{IPA|es|santanˈdeɾ|lang}}) is the capital of the [[Autonomous communities of Spain|autonomous community]] of [[Cantabria]], Spain. It has a population of 172,000 (2017).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ine.es/pob_xls/pobmun.zip|title=Cifras Oficiales de Población de los Municipios Españoles: Revisión del Padrón Municipal – Población a 1 de enero de 2017.|publisher=[[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)|Instituto Nacional de Estadística]]}}</ref> It is a [[port city]] located in the northern coast of the [[Iberian Peninsula]], facing the [[Cantabrian Sea]].
It is believed to have been a port since ancient times, due to its favourable location, and is documented as far back as the 11th century. Much of the medieval city was lost in the [[1941 Santander fire|Great Fire of 1941]]. Today, its remaining old town, beach and other attractions are popular with tourists and other visitors and its economy is mainly service based. The port is still very active and a regular ferry service operates to the [[United Kingdom]]. Fish and seafood dominate the local cuisine. Santander notably houses the headquarters of multinational bank [[Banco Santander]], which was founded there. The city has a [[Santander, Spain#Climate|mild climate]] typical of the Spanish northern coastline with frequent rainfall and stable temperatures. Cold snaps and heat waves are very rare.
It is believed to have been a port since ancient times, due to its favourable location, and is documented as far back as the 11th century. Much of the medieval city was lost in the [[1941 Santander fire|Great Fire of 1941]]. Today, its remaining old town, beach and other attractions are popular with tourists and other visitors and its economy is mainly service based. The port is still very active and a regular ferry service operates to the [[United Kingdom]]. Fish and seafood dominate the local cuisine. Santander notably houses the headquarters of multinational bank [[Banco Santander]], which was founded there. The city has a [[Santander, Spain#Climate|mild climate]] typical of the Spanish northern coastline with frequent rainfall and stable temperatures. Cold snaps and heat waves are very rare.
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===Origins, Roman period and Middle Ages===
===Origins, Roman period and Middle Ages===
The origin of the earliest human settlements in the current Santander is not easy to establish because there is little written and archaeological data. However, there would appear to be good practical reasons for ancient settlers to have chosen the north side of the bay, sheltered from it and safer from the storms of the [[Bay of Biscay]], on the north side of the promontory of [[Somorrostro]] and along the ancient [[Becedo]] estuary. Moreover, the hillside provided good visibility for spotting potential attackers, making this the ideal place for the foundation of a stable settlement, which was to evolve throughout the [[Middle Ages]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Fernández González|first1=Lorena|title=Santander una ciudad Medieval|date=2002|publisher=Estvdio|isbn=9788495742056}}</ref>
The origin of the earliest human settlements in the current Santander is not easy to establish because there is little written and little archaeological data. However, there would appear to be good practical reasons for ancient settlers to have chosen the north side of the bay, sheltered from it and safer from the storms of the [[Bay of Biscay]], on the north side of the promontory of [[Somorrostro]] and along the ancient [[Becedo]] estuary. Moreover, the hillside provided good visibility for spotting potential attackers, making this the ideal place for the foundation of a stable settlement, which was to evolve throughout the [[Middle Ages]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Fernández González|first1=Lorena|title=Santander una ciudad Medieval|date=2002|publisher=Estvdio|isbn=9788495742056}}</ref>


Although it is mentioned for the first time in 1068, in a draft document made by [[Sancho II of León and Castile|King Sancho II]], in the 9th century [[Alfonso II of Asturias|Alfonso II the Chaste]] founded the Abbey of the Holy Bodies in the existing chapel on the hill of Somorrostro, housing as holy relics the heads of [[Saint Emeterius]] and [[Saint Celedonius]] and the graves of other unknown martyrs, giving the abbey its name.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13458d.htm |title=Catholic Encyclopedia: Santander |publisher=Newadvent.org |date=1 February 1912 |access-date=14 April 2011}}</ref>
Although it is mentioned for the first time in 1068, in a draft document made by [[Sancho II of León and Castile|King Sancho II]], in the 9th century [[Alfonso II of Asturias|Alfonso II the Chaste]] founded the ''Abadía de los Cuerpos Santos'' ("Abbey of the Holy Bodies") in the existing chapel on the hill of Somorrostro, housing as holy relics the heads of [[Saint Emeterius]] and [[Saint Celedonius]] and the graves of other unknown martyrs, giving the abbey its name.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13458d.htm |title=Catholic Encyclopedia: Santander |publisher=Newadvent.org |date=1 February 1912 |access-date=14 April 2011}}</ref>


[[Alfonso VIII of Castile]] granted the city a ''[[fuero]]'' (charter) in 1187.{{Sfn|Casado Soto|1985|p=646}}
[[Alfonso VIII of Castile]] granted the city a ''[[fuero]]'' (charter) in 1187.{{Sfn|Casado Soto|1985|p=646}}
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==Geography==
==Geography==
The city is located on the northern side of the [[Bay of Santander]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Santander |url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/spain/cantabria-asturias-and-galicia/santander |publisher=[[Lonely Planet]] |access-date=15 February 2019}}</ref>
The city is located on the northern side of the [[Bay of Santander]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Santander |url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/spain/cantabria-asturias-and-galicia/santander |publisher=[[Lonely Planet]] |access-date=15 February 2019}}</ref>
[[File:Vista aérea de la Bahía de Santander.JPG|left|thumb|Bird's eye view of the Bay]]
[[File:Bahía de Santander, vista aérea.jpg|left|thumb|Bird's eye view of the Bay]]


==Climate==
==Climate==
The city of Santander has an [[oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Cfb''), the annual thermal oscillation of the average monthly temperatures reaching around 10&nbsp;°C (18&nbsp;°F).{{citation needed|date=February 2019}}
The city of Santander has an [[oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Cfb''), the annual thermal oscillation of the average monthly temperatures reaching around 10&nbsp;°C (50&nbsp;°F).{{citation needed|date=February 2019}}


The maximum temperature reached in Santander Airport was {{convert|37.8|°C|0|abbr=on}} on 27 June 2009, and the minimum temperature {{convert|-5.4|°C|0|abbr=on}} on 21 January 1957. The warmest maximum daytime average for a month was in August 2003, with {{convert|27.1|C|F}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos*?w=0&k=can&l=1109&datos=det&x=1109&m=13&v=todos|title=Extreme values for Santander|publisher=Aemet.es|access-date=22 July 2015}}</ref> Warm months (mean above {{convert|22|C|F}}) are however rare. The warmest temperature recorded in downtown is {{convert|40.2|C|F}} in August 1940.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=563|title=Météo climat stats Station Santander|language=fr|accessdate=3 June 2022}}</ref>
The maximum temperature reached in Santander Airport was {{convert|37.8|°C|0|abbr=on}} on 27 June 2009, and the minimum temperature {{convert|-5.4|°C|0|abbr=on}} on 21 January 1957. The highest maximum daytime average for a month was in August 2003, with {{convert|27.1|C|F}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos*?w=0&k=can&l=1109&datos=det&x=1109&m=13&v=todos|title=Extreme values for Santander|publisher=Aemet.es|access-date=22 July 2015}}</ref> Warm months (mean above {{convert|22|C|F}}) are however rare. The highest temperature recorded in downtown is {{convert|40.2|C|F}} in August 1940.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=563|title=Météo climat stats Station Santander|language=fr|accessdate=3 June 2022}}</ref>


Sunshine hours are very low by comparison with the rest of mainland and southern Spain. Even compared with other areas of northern Spain, such as [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]], which have many more hours of sunshine in coastal cities such as [[Vigo]] or [[Pontevedra]]. With annual averages of approximately 1650 hours of sunshine, Santander's southern areas are about as sunny as [[London]] and [[Paris]], and quite a bit less sunny than most of England's south coastal regions. The area closer to the coast has higher sunshine time but lower summer afternoon temperatures.
Sunshine hours are very low by comparison with the rest of mainland and southern Spain. Even compared with other areas of northern Spain, such as [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]], which have many more hours of sunshine in coastal cities such as [[Vigo]] or [[Pontevedra]]. With annual averages of approximately 1650 hours of sunshine, Santander's southern areas are about as sunny as [[London]] and [[Paris]], and quite a bit less sunny than most of England's south coastal regions. The area closer to the coast has higher sunshine time but lower summer afternoon temperatures.
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| Dec record low C = -5.2
| Dec record low C = -5.2
|year record low C = -5.4
|year record low C = -5.4
|precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 106
| Jan precipitation mm = 106
| Feb precipitation mm = 92
| Feb precipitation mm = 92
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Parque de la Vaguada de las Llamas is one of the largest parks in northern Spain, covering {{convert|11|hectare}} of the city.<ref>{{cite web |title=Parque de la Vaguada de Las Llamas en Santander, Cantabria |url=https://saposyprincesas.elmundo.es/actividades-ninos/cantabria/aire-libre/parques-y-jardines/actividades-y-juegos-infantiles-en-el-parque-de-las-llamas/ |publisher=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |access-date=16 February 2019 |language=es}}</ref>
Parque de la Vaguada de las Llamas is one of the largest parks in northern Spain, covering {{convert|11|hectare}} of the city.<ref>{{cite web |title=Parque de la Vaguada de Las Llamas en Santander, Cantabria |url=https://saposyprincesas.elmundo.es/actividades-ninos/cantabria/aire-libre/parques-y-jardines/actividades-y-juegos-infantiles-en-el-parque-de-las-llamas/ |publisher=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |access-date=16 February 2019 |language=es}}</ref>


Santander is pilot for a [[Smart city]]. It is embedded with 12,000 sensors.<ref>[http://www.governing.com/topics/urban/gov-santander-spain-smart-city.html Santander: The Smartest Smart City.] Governing, May 2014</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.smartsantander.eu/|title=SmartSantander|website=www.smartsantander.eu}}</ref>
Santander is pilot for a [[smart city]]. It is embedded with 12,000 sensors.<ref>[http://www.governing.com/topics/urban/gov-santander-spain-smart-city.html Santander: The Smartest Smart City.] Governing, May 2014</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.smartsantander.eu/|title=SmartSantander|website=www.smartsantander.eu}}</ref>


<gallery caption="Sights of Santander" mode="packed">
<gallery caption="Sights of Santander" mode="packed">
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=== Historical figures ===
=== Historical figures ===
* [[Francisco Marroquin]] (1499–1563), first bishop of Guatemala and provisional Governor of Guatemala
* [[Francisco Marroquín]] (1499–1563), first bishop of Guatemala and provisional Governor of Guatemala
* [[Toribio de Peñalva]] (c.1606-c.1685), Spanish military man, [[Public procurator|Procurator General]] of [[Buenos Aires]] during the [[Viceroyalty of Peru]]
* [[Toribio de Peñalva]] (c.1606-c.1685), Spanish military man, [[Public procurator|Procurator General]] of [[Buenos Aires]] during the [[Viceroyalty of Peru]]
* [[Manuel Pardo (Governor)|Manuel Pardo]] (1774–?), a Spanish soldier, the Interim Governor of [[Spanish Texas]] in 1817
* [[Manuel Pardo (governor)|Manuel Pardo]] (1774–?), a Spanish soldier, the Interim Governor of [[Spanish Texas]] in 1817
* [[José de Madrazo y Agudo]] (1781–1859), a Spanish painter and engraver, an exponent of the [[Neoclassicism|Neoclassical]]
* [[José de Madrazo y Agudo]] (1781–1859), a Spanish painter and engraver, an exponent of the [[Neoclassicism|Neoclassical]]


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* [[Domingo Sarrey]] (born 1948), a visual artist and video artist.
* [[Domingo Sarrey]] (born 1948), a visual artist and video artist.
* [[José Antonio Rodríguez Vega]] (1957–2002), nicknamed ''El Mataviejas'' (The Old Lady Killer), was a Spanish serial killer who raped and killed at least 16 elderly women in and around Santander between August 1987 and April 1988
* [[José Antonio Rodríguez Vega]] (1957–2002), nicknamed ''El Mataviejas'' (The Old Lady Killer), was a Spanish serial killer who raped and killed at least 16 elderly women in and around Santander between August 1987 and April 1988
* [[Paco San José]] (born 1958), Cantabrian music composer
* [[Álvaro Longoria]] (born 1968), a film director, executive producer and actor
* [[Álvaro Longoria]] (born 1968), a film director, executive producer and actor


=== Athletes ===
=== Athletes ===
* [[Francisco "Paco" Gento López]] (21 October 1933 - 18 January 2022), nicknamed Paco, was a Spanish footballer or Spanish soccer player, 437 appearances between Racing Santander and Real Madrid and scored a total of 129 goals in his senior career. He played for the National Spanish team in 43 aapearances. and scored 5 goals.
* [[Marcos Alonso Imaz]] (1933–2012), nicknamed Marquitos, was a Spanish footballer, 272 pro appearances
* [[Marcos Alonso Imaz]] (1933–2012), nicknamed Marquitos, was a Spanish footballer, 272 pro appearances
* [[José Pérez Francés]] (1936–2021), a Spanish former professional road racing cyclist
* [[José Pérez Francés]] (1936–2021), a Spanish former professional road racing cyclist
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* [[Seve Ballesteros]] (1957–2011), a Spanish professional golfer and World No. 1
* [[Seve Ballesteros]] (1957–2011), a Spanish professional golfer and World No. 1
* [[Quique Setién]] (born 1958), a Spanish retired footballer, 518 pro appearances, former coach of [[FC Barcelona]]
* [[Quique Setién]] (born 1958), a Spanish retired footballer, 518 pro appearances, former coach of [[FC Barcelona]]
* [[Marcos Alonso Peña]] (born 1959), a Spanish retired footballer, and a current coach, 309 pro appearances
* [[Marcos Alonso Peña]] (1959–2023), a Spanish retired footballer, and a coach, 309 pro appearances
* [[Iván Helguera]] (born 1975), a Spanish football player, 326 pro appearances
* [[Iván Helguera]] (born 1975), a Spanish football player, 326 pro appearances
* [[Pedro Munitis]] (born 1975), a Spanish football player, 475 pro appearances
* [[Pedro Munitis]] (born 1975), a Spanish football player, 475 pro appearances
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* [[Ruth Beitia]] (born 1979), high jumper, gold medallist at the 2016 Olympic Games
* [[Ruth Beitia]] (born 1979), high jumper, gold medallist at the 2016 Olympic Games
* [[Gonzalo Colsa]] (born 1979), a Spanish retired footballer 394 pro appearances
* [[Gonzalo Colsa]] (born 1979), a Spanish retired footballer 394 pro appearances
* [[Mateo Joseph]] (born 2003), a Spanish footballer for [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]] and the [[Spain national under-21 football team]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-15 |title=Mateo Joseph Makes Switch To Represent Spain's U21s |url=https://www.leedsunited.com/news/team-news/33153/mateo-joseph-makes-switch-to-represent-spain-s-u21s |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=www.leedsunited.com |language=en}}</ref>


==Sports==
==Sports==
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{{Commons|Santander}}
{{Commons|Santander}}
{{wikivoyage|Santander}}
{{wikivoyage|Santander}}
*[http://santanderspain.info/ Official tourism website]
*[https://www.spain.info/en/destination/santander/ Official tourism website]
* {{cite EB1911|wstitle= Santander (town) |volume= 24 | pages = 189&ndash;190 |short=x}}
* {{cite EB1911|wstitle= Santander (town) |volume= 24 | pages = 189&ndash;190 |short=x}}
*[http://www.webcamsantander.com Webcams de Santander y Cantabria]&nbsp;— Live webcams Santander and Cantabria.
*[http://www.webcamsantander.com Webcams de Santander y Cantabria]&nbsp;— Live webcams Santander and Cantabria.

Latest revision as of 23:38, 12 August 2024

Santander
Municipality
Palacio de La Magdalena
Palacio de la Magdalena
Cathedral
Cathedral
Centro Botín
Centro Botín
Sardinero Beach
Sardinero Beach
Banco Santander building
Banco Santander building
Las Llamas park
Las Llamas park
Flag of Santander
Flag
Coat of arms of Santander
Coat of arms
Map
Location of Santander
Coordinates: 43°27′46″N 3°48′18″W / 43.46278°N 3.80500°W / 43.46278; -3.80500
CountrySpain
Autonomous communityCantabria
ComarcaBay of Santander
Judicial districtSantander
Founded26 BC, as Portus Victoriae Iuliobrigensium
9 January 1755, granting the title of city
CapitalSantander
Government
 • MayorGema Igual (2016) (PP)
Area
 • Total36 km2 (14 sq mi)
Elevation
15 m (49 ft)
Highest elevation
108 m (354 ft)
Lowest elevation
0 m (0 ft)
Population
 (2018)[1]
 • Total172,044
 • Density4,800/km2 (12,000/sq mi)
DemonymSantanderine
GDP
[2]
 • Metro€12.839 billion (2020)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
39001-39012
Official language(s)Spanish
WebsiteOfficial website

Santander (UK: /ˌsæntənˈdɛər, -tæn-/ SAN-tən-DAIR, -⁠tan-, US: /ˌsɑːntɑːnˈdɛər/ SAHN-tahn-DAIR,[3][4] Spanish: [santanˈdeɾ]) is the capital of the autonomous community of Cantabria, Spain. It has a population of 172,000 (2017).[5] It is a port city located in the northern coast of the Iberian Peninsula, facing the Cantabrian Sea.

It is believed to have been a port since ancient times, due to its favourable location, and is documented as far back as the 11th century. Much of the medieval city was lost in the Great Fire of 1941. Today, its remaining old town, beach and other attractions are popular with tourists and other visitors and its economy is mainly service based. The port is still very active and a regular ferry service operates to the United Kingdom. Fish and seafood dominate the local cuisine. Santander notably houses the headquarters of multinational bank Banco Santander, which was founded there. The city has a mild climate typical of the Spanish northern coastline with frequent rainfall and stable temperatures. Cold snaps and heat waves are very rare.

History

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Main article: Timeline of Santander, Spain

Origins, Roman period and Middle Ages

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The origin of the earliest human settlements in the current Santander is not easy to establish because there is little written and little archaeological data. However, there would appear to be good practical reasons for ancient settlers to have chosen the north side of the bay, sheltered from it and safer from the storms of the Bay of Biscay, on the north side of the promontory of Somorrostro and along the ancient Becedo estuary. Moreover, the hillside provided good visibility for spotting potential attackers, making this the ideal place for the foundation of a stable settlement, which was to evolve throughout the Middle Ages.[6]

Although it is mentioned for the first time in 1068, in a draft document made by King Sancho II, in the 9th century Alfonso II the Chaste founded the Abadía de los Cuerpos Santos ("Abbey of the Holy Bodies") in the existing chapel on the hill of Somorrostro, housing as holy relics the heads of Saint Emeterius and Saint Celedonius and the graves of other unknown martyrs, giving the abbey its name.[7]

Alfonso VIII of Castile granted the city a fuero (charter) in 1187.[8]

Santander, c. 1590 – by Joris Hoefnagel

During the 12th and 13th centuries the population was contained within the walls of two different pueblas. La Puebla, the older, on the hill overlooking the city facing the bay, included the old castle, the Abbey of the Holy Bodies and the cloister. It had three rows of houses, separated by Rua Carnicerias and Rua Mayor, where the homes of prominent people of the town were, as well as those of the Abbot's canons. Meanwhile, the Puebla Nueva contained the convent of Santa Clara and San Francisco, which gave its name to one of the main streets; other important streets were the Rua de la Sal, The cavalcade Palace, Ribera, Don Gutierre, Puerta de la Sierra, Gallows and the Arcillero Rua. The two pueblas were joined by a bridge over the river that divided Becedo and flowed down to the shipyards, which were ordered by the king to take timber from the Cantabrian forests for shipbuilding. The villa was required to give the monarchy a ship per year.[citation needed]

By the end of the 15th century Santander had a population of about 4,000 or 5,000 inhabitants.[9]

The city owes its existence to the excellent harbour of the Bay of Santander. Santander was an important port for Castile in the later Middle Ages, and also for trade with the New World. It officially became a city in 1755.[10]

Cabo Machichaco explosions

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Monument in Plaza Machichaco to the victims of the two Cabo Machichaco explosions in 1893 and 1894
Main article: SS Cabo Machichaco

On 3 November 1893 a steamship, Cabo Machichaco, caught fire while she was being unloaded at a pier in the heart of the city. A crowd of 2,000 to 3,000 people watched as crew and firefighters fought the fire. About 40 tonnes of dynamite being carried in her forward holds exploded, killing about 590 people, injuring about 2,000, sinking the ship and destroying at least 65 buildings near the harbour.[11]

On 21 March 1894 a salvage diver working to salvage cargo from Cabo Machichaco's wreck accidentally detonated about 11 tonnes of dynamite that were submerged in the after hold of the ship. 18 people were killed and 11 injured.[11]

Great Fire of 1941

[edit]
Main article: 1941 Santander fire

Santander fell victim to a great fire in 1941.[12] Fanned by a strong south wind, the fire burned for two days. The fire started in Cádiz Street, next to the harbour, the Cathedral and the medieval quarter.[13] The fire destroyed the Old Town Hall, Jesús de Monasterio and Vargas streets and Atarazanas square buildings. It led to a major change in the architecture of Santander, away from the older small stone and wood buildings with balconies to the enormous blocks of flats built during the reconstruction. [citation needed]

There was only one casualty of the fire, a firefighter from Madrid killed in the line of duty, but thousands of families were left homeless and the city was plunged into chaos. The fire destroyed the greater part of the medieval town centre and gutted the city's Romanesque cathedral.[14]

Geography

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The city is located on the northern side of the Bay of Santander.[15]

Bird's eye view of the Bay

Climate

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The city of Santander has an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb), the annual thermal oscillation of the average monthly temperatures reaching around 10 °C (50 °F).[citation needed]

The maximum temperature reached in Santander Airport was 37.8 °C (100 °F) on 27 June 2009, and the minimum temperature −5.4 °C (22 °F) on 21 January 1957. The highest maximum daytime average for a month was in August 2003, with 27.1 °C (80.8 °F).[16] Warm months (mean above 22 °C (72 °F)) are however rare. The highest temperature recorded in downtown is 40.2 °C (104.4 °F) in August 1940.[17]

Sunshine hours are very low by comparison with the rest of mainland and southern Spain. Even compared with other areas of northern Spain, such as Galicia, which have many more hours of sunshine in coastal cities such as Vigo or Pontevedra. With annual averages of approximately 1650 hours of sunshine, Santander's southern areas are about as sunny as London and Paris, and quite a bit less sunny than most of England's south coastal regions. The area closer to the coast has higher sunshine time but lower summer afternoon temperatures.

Climate data for Santander, downtown, 64 m (1991–2020), extremes since 1877
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 23.2
(73.8) 		26.6
(79.9) 		30.0
(86.0) 		33.4
(92.1) 		35.8
(96.4) 		37.4
(99.3) 		36.2
(97.2) 		40.2
(104.4) 		36.8
(98.2) 		32.4
(90.3) 		26.7
(80.1) 		23.8
(74.8) 		40.2
(104.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 13.2
(55.8) 		13.3
(55.9) 		14.9
(58.8) 		15.8
(60.4) 		17.9
(64.2) 		20.3
(68.5) 		22.4
(72.3) 		23.3
(73.9) 		21.8
(71.2) 		19.8
(67.6) 		16.0
(60.8) 		13.8
(56.8) 		17.7
(63.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) 10.7
(51.3) 		10.5
(50.9) 		11.9
(53.4) 		12.9
(55.2) 		15.1
(59.2) 		17.7
(63.9) 		19.8
(67.6) 		20.6
(69.1) 		18.9
(66.0) 		16.8
(62.2) 		13.4
(56.1) 		11.3
(52.3) 		15.0
(59.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 8.1
(46.6) 		7.7
(45.9) 		9.0
(48.2) 		9.9
(49.8) 		12.3
(54.1) 		15.0
(59.0) 		17.1
(62.8) 		17.8
(64.0) 		16.0
(60.8) 		13.8
(56.8) 		10.7
(51.3) 		8.8
(47.8) 		12.2
(54.0)
Record low °C (°F) −2.6
(27.3) 		−3.8
(25.2) 		−0.3
(31.5) 		1.6
(34.9) 		3.6
(38.5) 		7.5
(45.5) 		5.2
(41.4) 		11.4
(52.5) 		7.7
(45.9) 		4.4
(39.9) 		1.5
(34.7) 		−2.8
(27.0) 		−3.8
(25.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 108.2
(4.26) 		74.3
(2.93) 		76.3
(3.00) 		86.4
(3.40) 		71.1
(2.80) 		61.9
(2.44) 		48.8
(1.92) 		60.0
(2.36) 		89.2
(3.51) 		115.1
(4.53) 		152.5
(6.00) 		130.3
(5.13) 		1,074.1
(42.28)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) 12.8 10.1 9.7 11.6 10.4 8.7 8.3 8.5 9.3 11.2 14.7 13.1 128.4
Mean monthly sunshine hours 91 121 164 174 209 212 224 202 176 148 93 86 1,900
Source 1: Météo Climat[18]
Source 2: Météo Climat (extremes)[19]
Climate data for Santander Airport (1981–2010) Record Temperatures (1954–2016)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 25.1
(77.2) 		29.0
(84.2) 		31.3
(88.3) 		30.6
(87.1) 		36.8
(98.2) 		37.8
(100.0) 		37.2
(99.0) 		37.3
(99.1) 		37.6
(99.7) 		33.5
(92.3) 		28.0
(82.4) 		25.4
(77.7) 		37.8
(100.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 13.6
(56.5) 		13.8
(56.8) 		15.7
(60.3) 		16.6
(61.9) 		19.1
(66.4) 		21.6
(70.9) 		23.6
(74.5) 		24.2
(75.6) 		22.8
(73.0) 		20.3
(68.5) 		16.3
(61.3) 		14.2
(57.6) 		18.5
(65.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) 9.7
(49.5) 		9.8
(49.6) 		11.3
(52.3) 		12.4
(54.3) 		15.1
(59.2) 		17.8
(64.0) 		19.8
(67.6) 		20.3
(68.5) 		18.6
(65.5) 		16.1
(61.0) 		12.5
(54.5) 		10.5
(50.9) 		14.5
(58.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 5.8
(42.4) 		5.7
(42.3) 		7.0
(44.6) 		8.3
(46.9) 		11.1
(52.0) 		13.9
(57.0) 		16.0
(60.8) 		16.4
(61.5) 		14.4
(57.9) 		11.8
(53.2) 		8.7
(47.7) 		6.7
(44.1) 		10.5
(50.9)
Record low °C (°F) −5.4
(22.3) 		−5.2
(22.6) 		−3.0
(26.6) 		0.6
(33.1) 		2.6
(36.7) 		5.6
(42.1) 		6.0
(42.8) 		6.0
(42.8) 		2.8
(37.0) 		1.4
(34.5) 		−3.5
(25.7) 		−5.2
(22.6) 		−5.4
(22.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 106
(4.2) 		92
(3.6) 		88
(3.5) 		102
(4.0) 		78
(3.1) 		58
(2.3) 		52
(2.0) 		73
(2.9) 		83
(3.3) 		120
(4.7) 		157
(6.2) 		118
(4.6) 		1,129
(44.4)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) 12 11 10 12 10 8 7 8 9 11 13 12 124
Average relative humidity (%) 72 72 71 72 74 75 75 76 76 75 75 73 74
Mean monthly sunshine hours 85 104 135 149 172 178 187 180 160 129 93 74 1,649
Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología[20]

Tourism and sights

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The bars and restaurants of the old town are popular with tourists, as well as the El Sardinero beach a couple of kilometres away.[21]

The Cathedral of Santander: The lower temple, called "cripta del Cristo" was built around 1200 on other earlier Roman buildings. It is 31 metres (102 ft) long and 18 metres (59 ft) wide, organised into three naves. Its style is a transition from Romanesque to Gothic.[22]

The Lighthouse of Cabo Mayor presides over the entrance to the Bay of Santander.[23]

Parque de la Vaguada de las Llamas is one of the largest parks in northern Spain, covering 11 hectares (27 acres) of the city.[24]

Santander is pilot for a smart city. It is embedded with 12,000 sensors.[25][26]

  • Sights of Santander
  • Santander Cathedral
    Santander Cathedral
  • Beach of El Sardinero
    Beach of El Sardinero
  • Mouro Island
    Mouro Island
  • La Magdalena royal palace
    La Magdalena royal palace
  • Playa del Camello
    Playa del Camello
  • Palacio del Embarcadero
    Palacio del Embarcadero
  • Hotel Real
    Hotel Real

Politics and government

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The People's Party were the leading party in the municipal elections of 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, and 2019.[27]

Economy

[edit]
Building of Bank of Santander, where it originated and where it has its registered office.

As a service centre at the regional level, Santander contains important public institutions and private organisations with a large number of employees, including Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, the University of Cantabria and Grupo Santander. Activities related to culture, leisure and tourism are an important part of the city's economy, and the regional and municipal authorities look to augment the summer tourist trade with additional offerings, including conventions, conferences, cultural festivals and cruises. Banco Santander, Spain's largest bank and corporation, has had its legal headquarters located in the city since its foundation.

Transport

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There are ferry services to and from Portsmouth and Plymouth in the United Kingdom and Cork in Ireland, all operated by Brittany Ferries.[28][29] Santander railway station serves three million annual passengers.

The city is served by the Seve Ballesteros–Santander Airport (SDR), located 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) south of the city centre.

Further information: Avenida de los Castros

Education

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Centro Botín, cultural centre designed by Renzo Piano

Culture

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Santander has a great tradition and cultural activity, with events that play an important role in cultural and social life of the city. UIMP is a major international summer university and organizes large festivals of music and dance. The Festival Internacional de Santander (FIS), Festival Internacional de Música de Órgano (FiMÓC), Encuentro de Música y Academia and the Paloma O'Shea International Piano Competition are main cultural events.

Diet

[edit]
Rabas

Santander's cuisine is characteristic of Cantabria in that it is based mainly on seafood. Popular shellfish include almejas (clams) and navajas (razor clams); fish include seabream, red mullet, anchovies, seabass and sardines; and squid and cuttlefish are also commonly eaten.

Some typical dishes from the city of Santander are the fried calamari called rabas, double donuts, bean stew called cocido montañés, and seafood dishes ranging from seabass and sardine to products such as morguera.[citation needed]

Notable people

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Historical figures

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19th century

[edit]

20th century

[edit]

Athletes

[edit]

Sports

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Racing de Santander is the main football team in the city, playing their home games at the Campos de Sport de El Sardinero.

Some elite teams of Santander:

Club Sport Ligue Stadium
Racing de Santander Football Segunda División Campos de Sport de El Sardinero
GoFit Sinfín Handball Liga ASOBAL Pabellón Municipal de La Albericia
Cantbasket and CD Estela Basketball Liga EBA Palacio de Deportes de Santander
Balonmano Pereda Women's handball División de Honor B Pabellón de Numancia
Real Sociedad de Tenis de La Magdalena Field hockey Honour Division La Albericia [es]
Señor Independiente Rugby Union Honour Division Mies de Cozada

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
Citations
  1. ^ Municipal Register of Spain 2018. National Statistics Institute.
  2. ^ "Gross domestic product (GDP) at current market prices by metropolitan regions". ec.europa.eu.
  3. ^ Wells, John C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0.
  4. ^ Jones, Daniel (2011). Roach, Peter; Setter, Jane; Esling, John (eds.). Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (18th ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-15255-6.
  5. ^ "Cifras Oficiales de Población de los Municipios Españoles: Revisión del Padrón Municipal – Población a 1 de enero de 2017". Instituto Nacional de Estadística.
  6. ^ Fernández González, Lorena (2002). Santander una ciudad Medieval. Estvdio. ISBN 9788495742056.
  7. ^ "Catholic Encyclopedia: Santander". Newadvent.org. 1 February 1912. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  8. ^ Casado Soto 1985, p. 646.
  9. ^ Casado Soto 1985, p. 648.
  10. ^ Ringrose, David R. (2005). Toward a contemporary city: Santander, 1755–1910. Ed. Universidad de Cantabria. p. 7. ISBN 9788481029772.
  11. ^ a b Jar Torre, Luis (November 2009). "Un Desastre a la Española". Revista General de Marina (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 September 2022 – via páginas personales de Juan Manuel Grijalvo.
  12. ^ Aupí, Vicente (2005). El Incendio de 1941 en Santander. Guía del Clima en España. Omega. p. 75. Consultado el 16 de mayo de 2013. ISBN 84-282-1370-4
  13. ^ "Así ocurrió", El Diario Montañés (in Spanish), 12 February 2011, retrieved 14 December 2014
  14. ^ "Balance de la tragedia", El Diario Montañés (in Spanish), 13 February 2011, retrieved 14 December 2014
  15. ^ "Santander". Lonely Planet. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
  16. ^ "Extreme values for Santander". Aemet.es. Retrieved 22 July 2015.
  17. ^ "Météo climat stats Station Santander" (in French). Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  18. ^ "Météo climat stats Moyennes 1991/2020 Espagne (page 3)" (in French). Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  19. ^ "Météo climat stats Station Santander/Données Météorologiques Gratuites" (in French). Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  20. ^ "Valores Climatológicos Normales. Santander / Aeropuerto". July 2011.
  21. ^ "Santander". Spain: Cantabria and Asturias. Rough Guides. Retrieved 24 December 2015.
  22. ^ David de la Garma. "Catedral de Santander" (in Spanish). Arteguias.com. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  23. ^ "Lighthouse of Cabo Mayor". Puertosantander.es. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  24. ^ "Parque de la Vaguada de Las Llamas en Santander, Cantabria" (in Spanish). El Mundo. Retrieved 16 February 2019.
  25. ^ Santander: The Smartest Smart City. Governing, May 2014
  26. ^ "SmartSantander". www.smartsantander.eu.
  27. ^ "Resultados Electorales en Santander: Elecciones Municipales 2019". EL PAÍS (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 January 2023.
  28. ^ Isabella Noble (14 October 2015). "36 Hours...in Santander". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 13 February 2019.
  29. ^ "Sail to Santander: Hop on board Ireland's first direct ferry to Spain". Independent.ie.
  30. ^ "Mateo Joseph Makes Switch To Represent Spain's U21s". www.leedsunited.com. 15 March 2024. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
Bibliography

Bibliography

[edit]
See also: Bibliography of the history of Santander
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Santander.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Santander.
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