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{{Short description|German economist (1930–2016)}}
{{Infobox scientist
{{Infobox scientist
|name = Reinhard Selten
| name = Reinhard Selten
|image = Reinhard Selten2.jpg
| image = Reinhard Selten2.jpg
| image_size = 180px
| image_size = 180px
|caption = Reinhard Selten, 2001
| caption = Selten in 2001
|birth_name=Reinhard Justus Reginald Selten
| birth_name = Reinhard Justus Reginald Selten
|birth_date = {{birth date|1930|10|05|df=y}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1930|10|05|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Wrocław|Breslau]], [[Weimar Germany]] (modern Wrocław, [[Poland]])
| birth_place = [[Wrocław|Breslau]], [[Weimar Germany]] [[Wrocław]], [[Polska|Poland]])
|death_date = {{death date and age|2016|08|23|1930|10|05|df=y}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|2016|08|23|1930|10|05|df=y}}
|death_place = [[Poznań]], Poland
| death_place = [[Poznań]], Poland
|nationality = German
| nationality = German
|alma_mater = [[Goethe University Frankfurt]]
| education = [[Goethe University Frankfurt]]
|doctoral_advisor = [[Ewald Burger]]<br>[[Wolfgang Franz (mathematician)|Wolfgang Franz]]
| doctoral_advisor = [[Wolfgang Franz (mathematician)|Wolfgang Franz]]
| doctoral_students = [[Eric van Damme]]
| doctoral_students = [[Eric van Damme]]
|known_for = [[Game theory]]
| known_for = [[Game theory]]
⚫
| field = [[Economics]]
|influenced = [[Axel Ockenfels]]<br>[[Benny Moldovanu]]<br>Abdolkarim Sadrieh<ref name=nytobit/>
| work_institution = [[University of Bonn]]<br/>[[Free University of Berlin]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jain |first1=C |title=Institutions - Free University of Berlin |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1994/selten/biographical/ |website=Reinhard Selten Biographical}}</ref>
⚫
|field = [[Economics]]
⚫
| prizes = [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences]] (1994)
|work_institution = [[University of Bonn]]
⚫
|prizes = [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences]] (1994)
}}
}}


'''Reinhard Justus Reginald Selten''' (5 October 1930&nbsp;– 23 August 2016) was a German [[economics|economist]], who won the 1994 [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences]] (shared with [[John Harsanyi]] and [[John Forbes Nash|John Nash]]). He is also well known for his work in [[bounded rationality]] and can be considered as one of the founding fathers of [[experimental economics]].
'''Reinhard Justus Reginald Selten''' ({{IPA|de|ˈʁaɪnhaʁt ˈzɛltn̩|lang|De-Reinhard Selten.ogg}}; 5 October 1930&nbsp;– 23 August 2016) was a German [[economics|economist]], who won the 1994 [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences]] (shared with [[John Harsanyi]] and [[John Forbes Nash|John Nash]]). He is also well known for his work in [[bounded rationality]] and can be considered one of the founding fathers of [[experimental economics]].


== Biography ==
== Biography ==
Selten was born in [[Wrocław|Breslau (Wrocław)]] in [[Province of Lower Silesia|Lower Silesia]], now in [[Poland]], to a [[Jewish]] father, Adolf Selten (blind bookseller; d. 1942<ref name=nytobit>Roberts, Sam, [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/04/business/economy/reinhard-selten-whose-strides-in-game-theory-led-to-a-nobel-dies-at-85.html "Reinhard Selten, Whose Strides in Game Theory Led to a Nobel, Dies at 85"], New York ''Times'', September 2, 2016. Retrieved 2016-09-03.</ref><ref name=mcs/>), and [[Protestant]] mother, Käthe Luther.<ref name=mcs>O'Connor, J J, and E F Robertson, [http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Selten.html "Reinhard Selten"], ''www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk'', November 2010. Retrieved 2016-09-03.</ref><ref name="nobelprize.org">[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1994/selten-autobio.html From Les Prix Nobel. The Nobel Prizes 1994, Editor Tore Frängsmyr, [Nobel Foundation&#93;, Stockholm, 1995]</ref> Reinhard Selten was raised as Protestant.<ref name="nobelprize.org"/>
Selten was born in [[Wrocław|Breslau (Wrocław)]] in [[Province of Lower Silesia|Lower Silesia]], now in [[Poland]], to a [[Jewish]] father, Adolf Selten (a blind bookseller; d. 1942<ref name=nytobit>Roberts, Sam, [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/04/business/economy/reinhard-selten-whose-strides-in-game-theory-led-to-a-nobel-dies-at-85.html "Reinhard Selten, Whose Strides in Game Theory Led to a Nobel, Dies at 85"], New York ''Times'', September 2, 2016. Retrieved 2016-09-03.</ref><ref name=mcs/>), and [[Protestant]] mother, Käthe Luther.<ref name=mcs>O'Connor, J J, and E F Robertson, [http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Selten.html "Reinhard Selten"], ''www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk'', November 2010. Retrieved 2016-09-03.</ref><ref name="nobelprize.org">[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1994/selten-autobio.html From Les Prix Nobel. The Nobel Prizes 1994, Editor Tore Frängsmyr, [Nobel Foundation&#93;, Stockholm, 1995]</ref> Reinhard Selten was raised as Protestant.<ref name="nobelprize.org"/>


After a brief family exile in Saxony and Austria, Selten returned to Hesse, Germany after the war and, in high school, read an article in [[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] magazine about game theory by the business writer [[John D. McDonald]]. He recalled later, he would occupy his "mind with problems of elementary geometry and algebra" while walking back and forth to school during that time.<ref name=nytobit/><ref name=mcs/> He studied mathematics at [[Goethe University Frankfurt]] and obtained his diploma in 1957. He then worked as scientific assistant to Heinz Sauermann until 1967. In 1959, he married with Elisabeth Lang Reiner. They had no children. In 1961, he also received his doctorate in Frankfurt in mathematics with a thesis on the evaluation of n-person games.
After a brief family exile in Saxony and Austria, Selten returned to Hesse, Germany, after the war and, in high school, read an article in [[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] magazine about game theory by the business writer [[John D. McDonald (business writer)|John D. McDonald]]. He recalled later, he would occupy his "mind with problems of elementary geometry and algebra" while walking back and forth to school during that time.<ref name=nytobit/><ref name=mcs/> He studied mathematics at [[Goethe University Frankfurt]] and obtained his diploma in 1957. He then worked as scientific assistant to Heinz Sauermann until 1967. In 1959, he married with Elisabeth Langreiner. They had no children. In 1961, he also received his doctorate in Frankfurt in mathematics with a thesis on the evaluation of n-person games.


He was a visiting professor at [[University of California, Berkeley|Berkeley]] and taught from 1969 to 1972 at the [[Free University of Berlin]] and, from 1972 to 1984, at the [[University of Bielefeld]]. He then accepted a professorship at the [[University of Bonn]]. There he built the BonnEconLab, a laboratory for experimental economic research, in which he was active even after his retirement.
He was a visiting professor at [[University of California, Berkeley|Berkeley]] and taught from 1969 to 1972 at the [[Free University of Berlin]] and, from 1972 to 1984, at the [[University of Bielefeld]]. He then accepted a professorship at the [[University of Bonn]]. There he built the BonnEconLab, a laboratory for experimental economic research, where he was active even after his retirement.


Selten was professor emeritus at the [[University of Bonn]], Germany, and held several honorary doctoral degrees. He had been an [[Esperantist]] since 1959<ref name="nobelprize.org"/> and met his wife through the Esperanto movement.<ref>Lins, Ulrich & Ertl, István. "Intervjuo kun Reinhard Selten, Nobelpreemiito" ''Esperanto'' (n° 1065-12, December 1994, p. 203</ref> He was a member and co-founder of the [[Akademio Internacia de la Sciencoj San Marino|International Academy of Sciences San Marino]].
Selten was professor emeritus at the [[University of Bonn]], Germany, and held several honorary doctoral degrees. He had been an [[Esperantist]] since 1959<ref name="nobelprize.org"/> and met his wife through the Esperanto movement.<ref>Lins, Ulrich & Ertl, István. "Intervjuo kun Reinhard Selten, Nobelpreemiito" ''Esperanto'' (n° 1065-12, December 1994, p. 203</ref> He was a member and co-founder of the [[Akademio Internacia de la Sciencoj San Marino|International Academy of Sciences San Marino]].


For the [[European Parliament election, 2009 (Germany)|2009 European Parliament election]], he was the top candidate for the German wing of [[Europe – Democracy – Esperanto]].<ref>[http://e-d-e.org/-DE-Germanio- Eŭropo – Demokratio – Esperanto: Germanio]</ref>
For the [[2009 European Parliament election in Germany|2009 European Parliament election]], he was the top candidate for the German wing of [[Europe – Democracy – Esperanto]].<ref>[http://e-d-e.org/-DE-Germanio- Eŭropo – Demokratio – Esperanto: Germanio]</ref>


== Work ==
== Work ==
For his work in [[game theory]], Selten won the 1994 [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences]] (shared with [[John Harsanyi]] and [[John Forbes Nash|John Nash]]). Selten was Germany's first and, at the time of his death, only Nobel winner for economics.<ref name=nytobit/>
For his work in [[game theory]], Selten won the 1994 [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences]] (shared with [[John Harsanyi]] and [[John Forbes Nash|John Nash]]). Selten was Germany's first and, at the time of his death, only Nobel winner for economics.<ref name=nytobit/>


He is also well known for his work in [[bounded rationality]], and can be considered as one of the founding fathers of [[experimental economics]]. With [[Gerd Gigerenzer]] he edited the book ''Bounded Rationality: The Adaptive Toolbox'' (2001). He developed an example of a game called Selten's Horse because of its extensive form representation. His last work was "Impulse Balance Theory and its Extension by an Additional Criterion".
He is also well known for his work in [[bounded rationality]], and can be considered one of the founding fathers of [[experimental economics]]. With [[Gerd Gigerenzer]] he edited the book ''Bounded Rationality: The Adaptive Toolbox'' (2001). He developed an example of a game called Selten's Horse because of its extensive form representation. His last work was "Impulse Balance Theory and its Extension by an Additional Criterion".


He is noted for his publishing in non-refereed journals to avoid being forced to make unwanted changes to his work.<ref>Frey, Bruno S., [https://www.bsfrey.ch/articles/388_03.pdf "Publishing as prostitution? – Choosing between one's own ideas and academic success"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316235039/http://www.bsfrey.ch/articles/388_03.pdf |date=2016-03-16 }}, ''bsfrey.ch'' p. 215 (11).</ref>
He is noted for his publishing in non-refereed journals to avoid being forced to make unwanted changes to his work.<ref>Frey, Bruno S., [https://www.bsfrey.ch/articles/388_03.pdf "Publishing as prostitution? – Choosing between one's own ideas and academic success"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316235039/http://www.bsfrey.ch/articles/388_03.pdf |date=2016-03-16 }}, ''bsfrey.ch'' p. 215 (11).</ref>


== Bibliography ==
== Bibliography ==
* Preispolitik der Mehrproduktenunternehmung in der statischen Theorie, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer-Verlag. (1970) – in [[German Language|German]]
* Preispolitik der Mehrproduktenunternehmung in der statischen Theorie, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer-Verlag, 1970, {{ISBN|978-3-642-48888-7}} - in [[German Language|German]]
* General Equilibrium with Price-Making Firms (with Thomas Marschak), Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer-Verlag. (1974)
* General Equilibrium with Price-Making Firms (with Thomas Marschak), Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer-Verlag, 1974, ISBN 978-3-662-07369-8
* A General Theory of Equilibrium Selection in Games (with [[John C. Harsanyi]]), Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT-Press. (1988)
* A General Theory of Equilibrium Selection in Games (with [[John C. Harsanyi]]), Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT-Press. (1988)
* Models of Strategic Rationality, Theory and Decision Library, Series C: Game Theory, Mathematical Programming and Operations Research, Dordrecht-Boston-London: Kluwer Academic Publishers. (1988)
* Models of Strategic Rationality, Theory and Decision Library, Series C: Game Theory, Mathematical Programming and Operations Research, Dordrecht-Boston-London: Kluwer Academic Publishers. (1988)
* Game Equilibrium Models IV, Berlin, New York, Springer Verlag, 1991, ISBN 978-3-662-07369-8.
* Rational Interaction - Essays in Honor of John C. Harsanyi, Berlin, New York, Springer-Verlag, 1992, ISBN 978-3-642-08136-1.
* Enkonduko en la Teorion de Lingvaj Ludoj – Ĉu mi lernu Esperanton? (with [[Jonathan Pool]]), Berlin-Paderborn: Akademia Libroservo, Institut für Kybernetik. (1995) – in [[Esperanto]]
* Enkonduko en la Teorion de Lingvaj Ludoj – Ĉu mi lernu Esperanton? (with [[Jonathan Pool]]), Berlin-Paderborn: Akademia Libroservo, Institut für Kybernetik. (1995) – in [[Esperanto]]
* Game Theory and Economic Behavior: Selected Essays, 2. vol Cheltenham-Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing. (1999)
* Game Theory and Economic Behavior: Selected Essays, 2. vol Cheltenham-Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing. (1999)
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==See also==
==See also==
*[[Subgame perfect Nash equilibrium]]
*[[Subgame perfect Nash equilibrium]]
⚫
*[[List of Jewish Nobel laureates]]


== References ==
== References ==
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{{Wikiquote}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060130213634/http://www.bonneconlab.uni-bonn.de/econlab/ Laboratory for Experimental Economics], at the [https://web.archive.org/web/20030621084618/http://www.uni-bonn.de/index_en.shtml University of Bonn, Germany]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060130213634/http://www.bonneconlab.uni-bonn.de/econlab/ Laboratory for Experimental Economics], at the [https://web.archive.org/web/20030621084618/http://www.uni-bonn.de/index_en.shtml University of Bonn, Germany]
* {{Nobelprize}}
* [http://nobelprize.org/economics/laureates/1994/selten-autobio.html Reinhard Selten – Autobiography]
* [https://ideas.repec.org/e/pse24.html IDEAS/RePEc]
* [https://ideas.repec.org/e/pse24.html IDEAS/RePEc]
* {{MathGenealogy |id=56908 }}
* {{MathGenealogy}}
* [http://vvvvvvvv.scriptmania.com/newfolder/megaw/nb/selten.htm Economista alemán, nacido en Breslau (actualmente Wroclaw, en Polonia).]
* [http://vvvvvvvv.scriptmania.com/newfolder/megaw/nb/selten.htm Economista alemán, nacido en Breslau (actualmente Wroclaw, en Polonia).]
* {{Cite book |title=Reinhard Selten (1930– ) |url=http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/bios/Selten.html |work=[[The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics]] |edition=2nd |series=[[Library of Economics and Liberty]] |publisher=[[Liberty Fund]] |year=2008 }}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |title=Reinhard Selten (1930– ) |url=http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/bios/Selten.html |encyclopedia=[[The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics]] |edition=2nd |series=[[Library of Economics and Liberty]] |publisher=[[Liberty Fund]] |year=2008 }}


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[[Category:1930 births]]
[[Category:1930 births]]
[[Category:2016 deaths]]
[[Category:2016 deaths]]
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[[Category:Nobel laureates in Economics]]
[[Category:German Nobel laureates]]
[[Category:Game theorists]]
[[Category:Game theorists]]
[[Category:German economists]]
[[Category:German economists]]
[[Category:German Esperantists]]
[[Category:German Esperantists]]
[[Category:German mathematicians]]
[[Category:20th-century German mathematicians]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses with Star and Sash of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]]
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[[Category:German Nobel laureates]]
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[[Category:Nobel laureates in Economics]]
[[Category:Members of the Order of Merit of North Rhine-Westphalia]]
[[Category:Members of the Order of Merit of North Rhine-Westphalia]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)]]
[[Category:Technical University of Berlin faculty]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Bonn]]
[[Category:University of Bonn faculty]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Free University of Berlin]]
[[Category:Free University of Berlin faculty]]
[[Category:Goethe University Frankfurt alumni]]
[[Category:Goethe University Frankfurt alumni]]
[[Category:German people of Jewish descent]]
[[Category:German people of Jewish descent]]
[[Category:People from the Province of Lower Silesia]]
[[Category:People from the Province of Lower Silesia]]
[[Category:People from Wrocław]]
[[Category:Writers from Wrocław]]
[[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Members of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts]]
[[Category:Members of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Econometric Society]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Econometric Society]]

Latest revision as of 08:18, 20 August 2024

Reinhard Selten
Selten in 2001
Born
Reinhard Justus Reginald Selten

(1930-10-05)5 October 1930
Breslau, Weimar Germany Wrocław, Poland)
Died23 August 2016(2016-08-23) (aged 85)
Poznań, Poland
NationalityGerman
EducationGoethe University Frankfurt
Known forGame theory
AwardsNobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (1994)
Scientific career
FieldsEconomics
InstitutionsUniversity of Bonn
Free University of Berlin[1]
Doctoral advisorWolfgang Franz
Doctoral studentsEric van Damme

Reinhard Justus Reginald Selten (German: [ˈʁaɪnhaʁt ˈzɛltn̩] ⓘ; 5 October 1930 – 23 August 2016) was a German economist, who won the 1994 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (shared with John Harsanyi and John Nash). He is also well known for his work in bounded rationality and can be considered one of the founding fathers of experimental economics.

Biography

[edit]

Selten was born in Breslau (Wrocław) in Lower Silesia, now in Poland, to a Jewish father, Adolf Selten (a blind bookseller; d. 1942[2][3]), and Protestant mother, Käthe Luther.[3][4] Reinhard Selten was raised as Protestant.[4]

After a brief family exile in Saxony and Austria, Selten returned to Hesse, Germany, after the war and, in high school, read an article in Fortune magazine about game theory by the business writer John D. McDonald. He recalled later, he would occupy his "mind with problems of elementary geometry and algebra" while walking back and forth to school during that time.[2][3] He studied mathematics at Goethe University Frankfurt and obtained his diploma in 1957. He then worked as scientific assistant to Heinz Sauermann until 1967. In 1959, he married with Elisabeth Langreiner. They had no children. In 1961, he also received his doctorate in Frankfurt in mathematics with a thesis on the evaluation of n-person games.

He was a visiting professor at Berkeley and taught from 1969 to 1972 at the Free University of Berlin and, from 1972 to 1984, at the University of Bielefeld. He then accepted a professorship at the University of Bonn. There he built the BonnEconLab, a laboratory for experimental economic research, where he was active even after his retirement.

Selten was professor emeritus at the University of Bonn, Germany, and held several honorary doctoral degrees. He had been an Esperantist since 1959[4] and met his wife through the Esperanto movement.[5] He was a member and co-founder of the International Academy of Sciences San Marino.

For the 2009 European Parliament election, he was the top candidate for the German wing of Europe – Democracy – Esperanto.[6]

Work

[edit]

For his work in game theory, Selten won the 1994 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (shared with John Harsanyi and John Nash). Selten was Germany's first and, at the time of his death, only Nobel winner for economics.[2]

He is also well known for his work in bounded rationality, and can be considered one of the founding fathers of experimental economics. With Gerd Gigerenzer he edited the book Bounded Rationality: The Adaptive Toolbox (2001). He developed an example of a game called Selten's Horse because of its extensive form representation. His last work was "Impulse Balance Theory and its Extension by an Additional Criterion".

He is noted for his publishing in non-refereed journals to avoid being forced to make unwanted changes to his work.[7]

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Preispolitik der Mehrproduktenunternehmung in der statischen Theorie, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer-Verlag, 1970, ISBN 978-3-642-48888-7 - in German
  • General Equilibrium with Price-Making Firms (with Thomas Marschak), Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer-Verlag, 1974, ISBN 978-3-662-07369-8
  • A General Theory of Equilibrium Selection in Games (with John C. Harsanyi), Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT-Press. (1988)
  • Models of Strategic Rationality, Theory and Decision Library, Series C: Game Theory, Mathematical Programming and Operations Research, Dordrecht-Boston-London: Kluwer Academic Publishers. (1988)
  • Game Equilibrium Models IV, Berlin, New York, Springer Verlag, 1991, ISBN 978-3-662-07369-8.
  • Rational Interaction - Essays in Honor of John C. Harsanyi, Berlin, New York, Springer-Verlag, 1992, ISBN 978-3-642-08136-1.
  • Enkonduko en la Teorion de Lingvaj Ludoj – Ĉu mi lernu Esperanton? (with Jonathan Pool), Berlin-Paderborn: Akademia Libroservo, Institut für Kybernetik. (1995) – in Esperanto
  • Game Theory and Economic Behavior: Selected Essays, 2. vol Cheltenham-Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing. (1999)
  • New edition of: Models of Strategic Rationality (1988), with a Chinese Introduction. Outstanding Academic Works on Economics by Nobel Prize Winners. Dordrecht-Boston-London: Kluwer Academic Publishers. (2000)
  • Chinese Translation of: Models of Strategic Rationality (1988). Outstanding Academic Works on Economics by Nobel Prize Winners. Dordrecht-Boston-London: Kluwer Academic Publishers. (2000)
  • Russian Translation of: A General Theory of Equilibrium Selection in Games (with John C. Harsanyi), Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT-Press. (2000)
  • Gigerenzer, G., & Selten, R. (Eds.). (2001). Bounded rationality: The adaptive toolbox. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
  • Impulse Balance Theory and its Extension by an Additional Criterion. BoD. (2015)

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Jain, C. "Institutions - Free University of Berlin". Reinhard Selten Biographical.
  2. ^ a b c Roberts, Sam, "Reinhard Selten, Whose Strides in Game Theory Led to a Nobel, Dies at 85", New York Times, September 2, 2016. Retrieved 2016-09-03.
  3. ^ a b c O'Connor, J J, and E F Robertson, "Reinhard Selten", www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk, November 2010. Retrieved 2016-09-03.
  4. ^ a b c From Les Prix Nobel. The Nobel Prizes 1994, Editor Tore Frängsmyr, [Nobel Foundation], Stockholm, 1995
  5. ^ Lins, Ulrich & Ertl, István. "Intervjuo kun Reinhard Selten, Nobelpreemiito" Esperanto (n° 1065-12, December 1994, p. 203
  6. ^ Eŭropo – Demokratio – Esperanto: Germanio
  7. ^ Frey, Bruno S., "Publishing as prostitution? – Choosing between one's own ideas and academic success" Archived 2016-03-16 at the Wayback Machine, bsfrey.ch p. 215 (11).
[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to Reinhard Selten.
Awards
Preceded by Laureate of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics
1994
Served alongside: John C. Harsanyi, John F. Nash Jr. 		Succeeded by
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