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{{Short description|Baltic German noble family}}
{{Short description|Baltic German noble family}}
{{About||the given name|Lieven (given name)|the French city|Liévin}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox family
{{Infobox family
|name = Lieven
|name = Lieven
|native_name = Līveni, Liewen, Ливен
|native_name = Līveni, Liewen, Ливен
|native_name_lang = Latvian, German, Russian
|native_name_lang = Latvian, German, Russian, Swedish
|other_names =
|other_names =
|coat_of_arms = Lieven.jpg
|coat_of_arms = Lieven.jpg
|coat_of_arms_size =
|coat_of_arms_size = 200px
|alt =
|alt =
|coat_of_arms_caption =
|coat_of_arms_caption =
Line 16: Line 15:
|image_caption =
|image_caption =
|type = Noble family
|type = Noble family
|region = [[Latvia]], [[Livonia]], [[Russia]], [[United Kingdom]], [[Sweden]], [[The Netherlands]], [[France]], [[Germany]]
|region = [[Estonia]], [[Latvia]], [[Sweden]], [[Russia]], [[Ukraine]], [[Germany]], [[The Netherlands]], [[France]], [[United Kingdom]]
|early_forms =
|early_forms =
|origin = [[Livonia]]
|origin = [[Livonia]]
|parent_family =
|parent_family =
|founded =
|founded = [[Rome]], 1203
|founder = [[Caupo of Turaida]]
|founder = [[Caupo of Turaida]]
|titles = [[Baron]], [[Knyaz]] ([[Prince]]), Count
|titles = [[Baron]], [[Count]], [[Knyaz]] ([[Prince]])
|members =
|members =
|connected_members =
|connected_members =
|other_families =
|other_families =
|distinctions =
|distinctions =
|traditions = [[Baltic Germans]] [[Estonian Swedes]]
|traditions = [[Baltic Germans]], [[Estonian Swedes]],
|motto =
[[Rus' people|Rus']]
|motto = ´Si qua fors adiuvet’ 'For God and the Sovereign'
|motto_lang =
|motto_lang =
|motto_trans =
|motto_trans =
|heirlooms =
|heirlooms =
|estate =
|estate = [[Liivi]] Manor, Estonia
|meaning =
|meaning =
|website =
|website =
|footnotes =
|footnotes =
}}
}}
The '''House of Lieven''' ({{lang-lv|Līveni}}; {{lang-ru|Ливен}}) is one of the oldest aristocratic families of [[Baltic German]]s.
The '''House of Lieven''' ({{lang-lv|Līveni}}; {{lang-ru|Ливен}};
{{lang-sv| (von) Liewen}}) is one of the oldest and most aristocratic families of [[Baltic German]] and [[Nordic countries|Nordic]] origin.


==History==
==History==
The family claims descent from [[Caupo of Turaida]] (Latvian, ''Kaupo''), the [[Livs|Livonian]] ''quasi rex'' who converted to Christianity in 1186, when [[Bishop Meinhard]] attempted to Christianize the region. The ''[[Livonian Chronicle of Henry]]'' tells that in the winter 1203–1204 Caupo went to Rome with [[Theoderich von Treyden]], a Cistercian Monk who was later to become the founder of the [[Livonian Brothers of the Sword]] and the first bishop of [[Estonia]].<ref name="TammKaljundi2011">{{cite book|author1=Marek Tamm|author2=Linda Kaljundi|author3=Carsten Selch Jensen|title=Crusading and Chronicle Writing on the Medieval Baltic Frontier: A Companion to the Chronicle of Henry of Livonia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=29nXNAk3nL4C&pg=PA215|date=2011|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-0-7546-6627-1|page=215}}</ref> They were received in Rome by [[Pope Innocent III]] who supported their plans to Christianize Livonia.
The family is descended from [[Caupo of Turaida]] (Latvian, ''Kaupo''), the [[Livs|Livonian]] ''quasi rex'' who converted to Christianity in 1186, when [[Bishop Meinhard]] attempted to Christianize the region. The ''[[Livonian Chronicle of Henry]]'' tells that in the winter 1203–1204 Caupo went to Rome with [[Theoderich von Treyden]], a Cistercian Monk who was later to become the founder of the [[Livonian Brothers of the Sword]] and the first bishop of [[Estonia]].<ref name="TammKaljundi2011">{{cite book|author1=Marek Tamm|author2=Linda Kaljundi|author3=Carsten Selch Jensen|title=Crusading and Chronicle Writing on the Medieval Baltic Frontier: A Companion to the Chronicle of Henry of Livonia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=29nXNAk3nL4C&pg=PA215|date=2011|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-0-7546-6627-1|page=215}}</ref> They were received in Rome by [[Pope Innocent III]] who supported their plans to Christianize Livonia, ennobled Caupo and granted him his coat of arms and the name Lieven. Caupo's grandson Nicholas was the first to spell his name Lieven.


According to feudal records, the Lieven ancestor Gerardus Līvo (1269) and his son Johannes (1296) entered service as vassals to the [[Archbishopric of Riga|Archbishop of Rīga]]. One of Caupo's daughters married an ancestor of the barons, later Counts, of [[Ungern-Sternberg]]. Caupo's grandson Nicholas was the first to spell his name Lieven.
According to feudal records, the Lieven ancestor Gerardus Līvo (1269) and his son Johannes (1296) entered service as vassals to the [[Archbishopric of Riga|Archbishop of Rīga]]. One of Caupo's daughters married an ancestor of the barons, later Counts, of [[Ungern-Sternberg]].


==Notable family members==
==Notable family members==
[[File:Christofor Lieven by Lawrence.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Christoph Lieven]]
[[File:Christofor Lieven by Lawrence.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Christoph Lieven]]
[[File:Anatoly-Leonid Lieven.jpeg|thumb|right|150px|Anatol Lieven]]
[[File:Anatoly-Leonid Lieven.jpeg|thumb|right|150px|Anatol Lieven]]
*'''Reinhold Liewen''', the Swedish governor of Oesel ([[Saaremaa]]), in 1653 was made a [[baron]] together with his brother, whose son Lieutenant-General Baron Hans Heinrich von Liewen accompanied [[Charles XII of Sweden|Charles XII]] in all his campaigns and expeditions. Among Reinhold's descendants, one branch settled in [[Courland]] and was recognized in 1801 as in the [[Holy Roman Empire]].
*'''Reinhold Lieven of Eksjö''', the Swedish governor of Oesel ([[Saaremaa]]), in 1653 was the first to be made a [[baron]] together with his brother, whose son Lieutenant-General Baron Hans Heinrich Lieven accompanied [[Charles XII of Sweden|Charles XII]] in all his campaigns and expeditions. Before, he had read law at Leiden University in Holland, finishing his studies in 1637. Among Reinhold's descendants, one branch settled in [[Courland]] and was recognized in 1801 as in the [[Holy Roman Empire]].
*'''Johann-Christoph von Lieven''' was the first member of the family to gain distinction in the Russian service: he served as [[Governor of Arkhangelsk]] under [[Catherine II of Russia|Catherine the Great]] and as General of Infantry under [[Paul I of Russia|Emperor Paul]].
*'''Johann-Christoph Lieven''' was the first member of the family to gain distinction in the Russian service: he served as [[Governor of Arkhangelsk]] under [[Catherine II of Russia|Catherine the Great]] and as General of Infantry under [[Paul I of Russia|Emperor Paul]].
*Baron '''Otto Heinrich von Lieven''' (1726–1781) married in 1766 Baroness '''[[Charlotte von Gaugreben]]''' (1743–1828),<ref name="Klingspor1882">{{cite book|author=Carl Arvid von Klingspor|title=Baltisches Wappenbuch|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d4eJCZ1HRJsC&pg=RA1-PA57|year=1882|publisher=Elibron|isbn=978-0-543-98710-5|page=1}}</ref> who was entrusted by Emperor Paul with the task of educating his daughters and younger sons, [[Nicholas I of Russia|Nicholas]] and [[Mikhail Pavlovich]]. In recognition of her services Paul made her a countess in 1799. When her pupil Nicholas became the Emperor of Russia in 1826, the 84-year-old governess was made a Princess with the title of [[Her Serene Highness]]. The title was hereditary and passed to her descendants, of which the following were notable.
*Baron '''Otto Heinrich Lieven of Eksjö''' (1726–1781) married in 1766 Baroness '''[[Charlotte von Gaugreben]]''' (1743–1828),<ref name="Klingspor1882">{{cite book|author=Carl Arvid von Klingspor|title=Baltisches Wappenbuch|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d4eJCZ1HRJsC&pg=RA1-PA57|year=1882|publisher=Elibron|isbn=978-0-543-98710-5|page=1}}</ref> who was entrusted by Emperor Paul with the task of educating his daughters and younger sons, [[Nicholas I of Russia|Nicholas]] and [[Mikhail Pavlovich]]. In recognition of her services Paul made her a countess in 1799. When her pupil Nicholas became the Emperor of Russia in 1826, the 84-year-old governess was made a Princess with the title of [[Her Serene Highness]]. The title was hereditary and passed to her descendants, of which the following were notable.
*Her son, Prince '''[[Christoph von Lieven|Christoph Heinrich von Lieven]]''' (1774–1838), accompanied [[Alexander I of Russia]] during the [[Battle of Austerlitz]] and at the signing of the [[Peace of Tilsit]]. In 1809 he was sent to represent Russia at the [[Prussian court]] and, in the crisis of the [[Napoleonic Wars]] in 1812, was transferred to London as the Minister Plenipotentiary to the [[St. James's Palace|court of St. James's]], a post which he kept for 22 years. Somewhat overshadowed by his more illustrious wife, '''[[Dorothea von Lieven]]''' (née von Benckendorff), Prince Lieven took part in the [[Congress of Vienna]] and died in Rome when he accompanied the future [[Alexander II of Russia]] on his [[Grand Tour]].<ref name="Cromwell2007">{{cite book|author=Judith Lissauer Cromwell|title=Dorothea Lieven: A Russian Princess in London And Paris, 1785-1857|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Plu-CFbU4kC&pg=PA7|year=2007|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-2651-5|page=7}}</ref>
*Her son, Prince '''[[Christoph von Lieven|Christoph Heinrich von Lieven]]''' (1774–1838), accompanied [[Alexander I of Russia]] during the [[Battle of Austerlitz]] and at the signing of the [[Peace of Tilsit]]. In 1809 he was sent to represent Russia at the [[Prussian court]] and, in the crisis of the [[Napoleonic Wars]] in 1812, was transferred to London as the Minister Plenipotentiary to the [[St. James's Palace|court of St. James's]], a post which he kept for 22 years. Somewhat overshadowed by his more illustrious wife, '''[[Dorothea von Lieven]]''' (née von Benckendorff), Prince Lieven took part in the [[Congress of Vienna]] and died in Rome when he accompanied the future [[Alexander II of Russia]] on his [[Grand Tour]].<ref name="Cromwell2007">{{cite book|author=Judith Lissauer Cromwell|title=Dorothea Lieven: A Russian Princess in London And Paris, 1785-1857|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Plu-CFbU4kC&pg=PA7|year=2007|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-2651-5|page=7}}</ref>
*His elder brother, Prince '''Carl Christoph von Lieven''' (1767–1844), started his career as an [[aide-de-camp]] to [[Prince Potemkin]], administered the garrison of Arkhangelsk under Paul and ended his career as Imperial Minister of Education (1828–33).
*His elder brother, Prince '''Carl Christoph von Lieven''' (1767–1844), started his career as an [[aide-de-camp]] to [[Prince Potemkin]], administered the garrison of Arkhangelsk under Paul and ended his career as Imperial Minister of Education (1828–33).
*Prince '''[[Alexander Karlovich Lieven|Alexander Friedrich von Lieven]]''' (1801–1880), son of the preceding, Major-General, served as Governor of [[Taganrog]] in 1844–1853, and senator 1853–1880.
*Prince '''[[Alexander Karlovich Lieven|Alexander Friedrich von Lieven]]''' (1801–1880), son of the preceding, Major-General, served as Governor of [[Taganrog]] in 1844–1853, and senator 1853–1880.
*Prince '''Nikolaus Wilhelm Karl Johannes von Lieven''' (1831- 1900), married to Mathilde Sophie v. Manteuffel born 16.11.1847 in Saarenhof decided in Innsbruck 1930.
*Prince '''Andrey Alexandrovich Lieven''' (1839–1913), his son, was the Senator and Minister of State Properties in 1877–81.
*Prince '''Andrey Alexandrovich Lieven''' (1839–1913), his son, was the Senator and Minister of State Properties in 1877–81.
*'''[[Jelena Lieven]]''' (1842–1917), Imperial Russian pedagogue, sister of the above.
*'''[[Jelena Lieven]]''' (1842–1917), Imperial Russian pedagogue, sister of the above.
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*Prince '''[[Anatol von Lieven|Anatol Leonid von Lieven]]''' (1872–1937) commanded a Russo-German battle group in [[Latvia]]; Lieven forbade his men to fight the [[Estonian Army]] in [[Vidzeme]], unlike the rest of the ''[[Baltische Landeswehr]]''. His ''Liventsy'' performed only rear security services for the ''Landeswehr'' during [[Battle of Cesis (1919)|the campaign]].<ref name=reek>{{cite book|title=Lemsalu — Roopa — Võnnu — Ronneburgi lahing 19. — 23. VI. 1919. a. (Lemsalu — Roopa — Võnnu — Ronneburg battle 19. — 23. VI. 1919)|author=Nikolai Reek|author-link=Nikolai Reek|url=http://www.ksk.edu.ee/file.php?ID=1243|publisher=[[Estonian National Defence College]] museum|language=Estonian|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822142922/http://www.ksk.edu.ee/file.php?ID=1243|archive-date=22 August 2010}}</ref> After the [[Latvian War of Independence]] he became a Latvian citizen and a manufacturer of bricks.
*Prince '''[[Anatol von Lieven|Anatol Leonid von Lieven]]''' (1872–1937) commanded a Russo-German battle group in [[Latvia]]; Lieven forbade his men to fight the [[Estonian Army]] in [[Vidzeme]], unlike the rest of the ''[[Baltische Landeswehr]]''. His ''Liventsy'' performed only rear security services for the ''Landeswehr'' during [[Battle of Cesis (1919)|the campaign]].<ref name=reek>{{cite book|title=Lemsalu — Roopa — Võnnu — Ronneburgi lahing 19. — 23. VI. 1919. a. (Lemsalu — Roopa — Võnnu — Ronneburg battle 19. — 23. VI. 1919)|author=Nikolai Reek|author-link=Nikolai Reek|url=http://www.ksk.edu.ee/file.php?ID=1243|publisher=[[Estonian National Defence College]] museum|language=Estonian|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822142922/http://www.ksk.edu.ee/file.php?ID=1243|archive-date=22 August 2010}}</ref> After the [[Latvian War of Independence]] he became a Latvian citizen and a manufacturer of bricks.
*'''[[Elena Lieven]]''' (born 1947), a developmental psychologist at the [[Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology]] in Leipzig and the [[University of Manchester]].
*'''[[Elena Lieven]]''' (born 1947), a developmental psychologist at the [[Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology]] in Leipzig and the [[University of Manchester]].
*'''[[Dominic Lieven]]''' (born 1952), senior research fellow, Trinity College, Cambridge and [[Fellow of the British Academy]].
*'''[[Dominic Lieven]]''' (born 1952), senior research fellow, [[Trinity College, Cambridge]], and [[Fellow of the British Academy]].
*'''[[Anatol Lieven]]''' (born 1960), visiting professor, [[King's College London]], and senior fellow at the [[Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft]].
*'''Dame [[Nathalie Lieven]]''' (born 1964), a Justice of the [[High Court of Justice]] of England and Wales<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-246323|title=Lieven, Hon. Dame Nathalie Marie Daniella, (born 20 May 1964), a Judge of the High Court, Family Division, since 2019 &#124; WHO'S WHO & WHO WAS WHO|website=www.ukwhoswho.com|doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U246323|isbn=978-0-19-954088-4 }}</ref>
*'''Dame [[Nathalie Lieven]]''' (born 1964), a Justice of the [[High Court of Justice]] of England and Wales<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-246323|title=Lieven, Hon. Dame Nathalie Marie Daniella, (born 20 May 1964), a Judge of the High Court, Family Division, since 2019 &#124; WHO'S WHO & WHO WAS WHO|website=www.ukwhoswho.com|doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U246323|isbn=978-0-19-954088-4 }}</ref>


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*{{in lang|lv}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20071208120631/http://www.historia.lv/alfabets/L/LI/liiveni/encik/liiven_le_1962.htm Lieven family, Latvian Encyclopedia (Latvian)]
*{{in lang|lv}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20071208120631/http://www.historia.lv/alfabets/L/LI/liiveni/encik/liiven_le_1962.htm Lieven family, Latvian Encyclopedia (Latvian)]
*{{in lang|de}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20190830095645/http://mdz10.bib-bvb.de/~db/bsb00000345/images/index.html?seite=531 Genealogisches Handbuch der Oeselschen Ritterschaft 1935] - Genealogy handbook of [[Baltic nobility]]
*{{in lang|de}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20190830095645/http://mdz10.bib-bvb.de/~db/bsb00000345/images/index.html?seite=531 Genealogisches Handbuch der Oeselschen Ritterschaft 1935] - Genealogy handbook of [[Baltic nobility]]
*{{in lang|sv}} [http://runeberg.org/sbh/b0050.html von Lieven] in [[Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon]]
*{{in lang|sv}} [https://runeberg.org/sbh/b0050.html von Lieven] in [[Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon]]
*{{in lang|sv}} [http://runeberg.org/nfbp/0232.html von Lieven] in [[Nordisk familjebok]]
*{{in lang|sv}} [https://runeberg.org/nfbp/0232.html von Lieven] in [[Nordisk familjebok]]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090713093627/http://www.notionis.com/lieven/index.htm Lievens]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090713093627/http://www.notionis.com/lieven/index.htm Lievens]


Latest revision as of 11:03, 23 August 2024

Lieven
Līveni, Liewen, Ливен
Noble family
Current regionEstonia, Latvia, Sweden, Russia, Ukraine, Germany, The Netherlands, France, United Kingdom
Place of originLivonia
FoundedRome, 1203
FounderCaupo of Turaida
TitlesBaron, Count, Knyaz (Prince)
TraditionsBaltic Germans, Estonian Swedes, Rus'
Motto´Si qua fors adiuvet’ 'For God and the Sovereign'
Estate(s)Liivi Manor, Estonia

The House of Lieven (Latvian: Līveni; Russian: Ливен; Swedish: (von) Liewen) is one of the oldest and most aristocratic families of Baltic German and Nordic origin.

History

[edit]

The family is descended from Caupo of Turaida (Latvian, Kaupo), the Livonian quasi rex who converted to Christianity in 1186, when Bishop Meinhard attempted to Christianize the region. The Livonian Chronicle of Henry tells that in the winter 1203–1204 Caupo went to Rome with Theoderich von Treyden, a Cistercian Monk who was later to become the founder of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword and the first bishop of Estonia.[1] They were received in Rome by Pope Innocent III who supported their plans to Christianize Livonia, ennobled Caupo and granted him his coat of arms and the name Lieven. Caupo's grandson Nicholas was the first to spell his name Lieven.

According to feudal records, the Lieven ancestor Gerardus Līvo (1269) and his son Johannes (1296) entered service as vassals to the Archbishop of Rīga. One of Caupo's daughters married an ancestor of the barons, later Counts, of Ungern-Sternberg.

Notable family members

[edit]
Christoph Lieven
Anatol Lieven
[edit]

Thomas Lieven is the name of the fictional protagonist of the tongue-in-cheek spy novel "It Can't Always Be Caviar" by Austrian writer Johannes Mario Simmel.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Marek Tamm; Linda Kaljundi; Carsten Selch Jensen (2011). Crusading and Chronicle Writing on the Medieval Baltic Frontier: A Companion to the Chronicle of Henry of Livonia. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 215. ISBN 978-0-7546-6627-1.
  2. ^ Carl Arvid von Klingspor (1882). Baltisches Wappenbuch. Elibron. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-543-98710-5.
  3. ^ Judith Lissauer Cromwell (2007). Dorothea Lieven: A Russian Princess in London And Paris, 1785-1857. McFarland. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-7864-2651-5.
  4. ^ Aleksandr Vasiliyevich Kolchak; Konstantīn Andreevīch Papov; Anton Zakharovich Ovchinnikov (1935). The Testimony of Kolchak and Other Siberian Materials. Stanford University Press. p. 220. ISBN 978-0-8047-2220-9.
  5. ^ Nikolai Reek. Lemsalu — Roopa — Võnnu — Ronneburgi lahing 19. — 23. VI. 1919. a. (Lemsalu — Roopa — Võnnu — Ronneburg battle 19. — 23. VI. 1919) (in Estonian). Estonian National Defence College museum. Archived from the original on 22 August 2010.
  6. ^ "Lieven, Hon. Dame Nathalie Marie Daniella, (born 20 May 1964), a Judge of the High Court, Family Division, since 2019 | WHO'S WHO & WHO WAS WHO". www.ukwhoswho.com. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U246323. ISBN 978-0-19-954088-4.
[edit]
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