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{{Infobox settlement |
{{Infobox settlement |
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| name = Chaul |
| name = Chaul |
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| native_name = |
| native_name = <!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. --> |
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| settlement_type = |
| settlement_type =village |
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| image_skyline = |
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| image_alt = |
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| image_caption = The samadhi (mausoleum) of [[Maratha]] [[Koli People|Koli]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/opinion/as-nda-cadet-i-was-witness-to-vice-admiral-awatis-kindness/145378/|title=As NDA cadet, I was witness to Vice Admiral Awati’s kindness|last=LT GEN K. J.|first=SINGH|website=ThePrint.In|access-date=7 November 2018}}</ref> [[Admiral]] [[Kanhoji Angre]] at Alibag |
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| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra |
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra |
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| established_date = |
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| founder = |
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| In Sport = kalpesh misal National lavel Cyclist |
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| government_type = Grampanchayat |
| government_type = Grampanchayat |
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'''Chaul''' is a historic town located in the [[Raigad district]] of [[Maharashtra]], India. The [[Korlai Fort]] is located nearby. |
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'''Chaul''' is a former town built around a maritime fort of [[Portuguese India]], that now lie in ruins. It is located 60 km south of Mumbai ([[Bombay]]), in [[Raigad District]] (previously [[Colaba District]]) of [[Maharashtra]] state in western [[India]]. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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[[File:Fortress of Chaul- Plans of Plazas and Forts of Portuguese Possessions in Asia and Africa WDL1057.png|thumb|Fortress of Chaul]] |
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===Portuguese colonization=== |
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[[File:Cheul.jpg|thumb|Old Map of Chaul]] |
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[[File:Diogo_Lopes_de_Sequeira.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Diogo Lopes de Sequeira]], Viceroy of [[Portuguese India]], established rule of the [[Portuguese Empire]] in Chaul in 1521, lasting until 1740.]] |
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Many foreign writers have mentioned Chaul. [[Ptolemy]] in his ''Geography of India'' calls the town Symullla or Timulla.<ref name="port">{{cite web |last1=Dalal |first1=Kurush |title=Chaul: Maharashtra's Medieval Port |url=https://www.peepultree.world/livehistoryindia/story/places/chaul-konkans-great-historical-port |website=PeepulTree |language=en |date=11 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=McCrindle |first1=J.W. |title=Ancient India: As Described by Ptolemy |date=1885 |publisher=Thacker, Spink, Calcutta |url=https://indianculture.gov.in/rarebooks/ancient-india-described-ptolemy-being-translation-chapters-which-describe-india-and#:~:text=dc.description-,Ancient%20India%3A%20as%20described%20by%20Ptolemy%20has%20been%20composed%20in,longitude%20of%20places%20with%20a |language=en}}</ref> The [[Periplus of the Erythraean Sea]] mentions that it was a market south of Kalliena (Calliana).<ref name="h">{{cite book |last1=Parameswaran |first1=Dr S. Pari |title=ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL HISTORY: AN EAGLE'S VIEW FOR CIVIL SERVICES AND OTHER EXAMS |date=13 January 2023 |publisher=MJP Publisher |isbn=978-93-5528-240-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GWWnEAAAQBAJ&dq=Chaul&pg=PA39 |language=en}}</ref> |
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In 1508, the Egyptian [[Mamluks]], allied with the [[Gujarat Sultanate]] vanquished the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] in the [[Battle of Chaul]]. The first Portuguese settlement at Chaul took place in 1521 with the construction of the first fort on the south bank of the [[Kundalika River]]. In October 1531, the Portuguese erected a new square stone fortress, named ''Santa Maria do Castello'', which contained a church and dwellings for 120 men. A town developed around the fortress, but a 1558 treaty precluded fortifying the town. The town was destroyed in a 1570-71 siege by the [[Nizam Shahi]] Sultan of [[Ahmadnagar]], but a treaty was concluded which lifted the siege, and the town was rebuilt and surrounded by walls and bastions. A fort ([[Korlai fort]]) was built on the '''Morro de Chaul''', a rocky promontory on the north side of the river opposite the town. The town withstood several further attacks, and its defence works were expanded in 1613. |
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The [[Portuguese India|Portuguese]] arrived at Chaul in 1505 and established a factory in 1516. The city was then looted by the troops of the [[Bijapur Sultanate]] in 1521, the [[Gujarat Sultanate]] in 1529 and finally passed to the [[Mughal Empire]] in 1600.<ref name="h"/> |
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The town was famous for [[cotton]] manufactured goods in the 15th and 16th century, According to [[Ludovico di Varthema|Varthema]], Chaul was producing a lot of cotton stuffs. Even Portuguese explorer and writer [[Duarte Barbosa]] conceded the fame of Chaul for cotton materials.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kumar|first=Raj|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e8o5HyC0-FUC&q=salu+cloth&pg=PA227|title=Encyclopaedia of Untouchables Ancient, Medieval and Modern|date=2008|publisher=Gyan Publishing House|isbn=978-81-7835-664-8|pages=231|language=en}}</ref> |
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Chaul was part of Portuguese India's Northern Province, which by the mid 17th century extended for 100 km along the coast of present-day [[Maharashtra]] and [[Gujarat]], from Chaul in the south to [[Daman and Diu|Daman]] in the north. The headquarters of the northern province was at [[Vasai-Virar|Baçaim]] (modern Vasai) north of [[Bombay]]. |
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The city went into the hands of the [[Maratha Empire]] in 1740, being ruled by the [[Colaba State|Angre family]] and then was conquered from them by the [[Company Rule in India|British EIC]].<ref name="h"/> |
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During the later 17th and early 18th centuries Portuguese India declined economically and politically, and Chaul lost its former importance. As the power of the [[Mughal Empire]] declined in the early 18th century, the [[Maratha]]s expanded their control of central and western India. The Portuguese colony of [[Kalyan, India|Kalyan]] was captured by the Marathas in 1720, and in 1737 the Maratha general Angria began a concerted campaign to capture the remaining Portuguese territories. Chaul and the Morro de Chaul came under siege in March 1739, but the siege was raised in October. After the capture of Baçaim in 1740, a peace treaty was concluded, and on 18 September 1740, Chaul was ceded by treaty to the Marathas. The city was subsequently abandoned and left in ruins. |
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The village of [[Korlai]], near the ruins of Chaul, is still home to speakers of [[Portuguese Creole]]. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* [[Battle of Chaul]] |
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* [[Battle of Diu (1509)|Battle of Diu]] - Chaul had a very important role to play in the setup to this critical battle in 1509 |
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* [[Battle of Diu (1509)|Battle of Diu]] |
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* [[Revdanda]] |
* [[Revdanda]] |
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* [[Korlai fort]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100630220848/http://www.colonialvoyage.com/eng/google_earth/india/chaul.html The Portuguese Fort of Chaul, India] |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100630220848/http://www.colonialvoyage.com/eng/google_earth/india/chaul.html The Portuguese Fort of Chaul, India] |
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* [https://www.livehistoryindia.com/story/places/chaul-konkans-great-historical-port Chaul, a historical port] |
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{{Raigad district}} |
{{Raigad district}} |
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Latest revision as of 05:57, 24 August 2024
Chaul | |
|---|---|
village | |
  Chaul Location in Maharashtra, India | |
| Coordinates: 18°32′46″N 72°55′38″E / 18.5461°N 72.9272°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Maharashtra |
| Government | |
| • Type | Grampanchayat |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Marathi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
Chaul is a historic town located in the Raigad district of Maharashtra, India. The Korlai Fort is located nearby.
History
[edit]
Many foreign writers have mentioned Chaul. Ptolemy in his Geography of India calls the town Symullla or Timulla.[1][2] The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea mentions that it was a market south of Kalliena (Calliana).[3] The Portuguese arrived at Chaul in 1505 and established a factory in 1516. The city was then looted by the troops of the Bijapur Sultanate in 1521, the Gujarat Sultanate in 1529 and finally passed to the Mughal Empire in 1600.[3]
The town was famous for cotton manufactured goods in the 15th and 16th century, According to Varthema, Chaul was producing a lot of cotton stuffs. Even Portuguese explorer and writer Duarte Barbosa conceded the fame of Chaul for cotton materials.[4]
The city went into the hands of the Maratha Empire in 1740, being ruled by the Angre family and then was conquered from them by the British EIC.[3]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Dalal, Kurush (11 October 2019). "Chaul: Maharashtra's Medieval Port". PeepulTree.
- ^ McCrindle, J.W. (1885). Ancient India: As Described by Ptolemy. Thacker, Spink, Calcutta.
- ^ a b c Parameswaran, Dr S. Pari (13 January 2023). ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL HISTORY: AN EAGLE'S VIEW FOR CIVIL SERVICES AND OTHER EXAMS. MJP Publisher. ISBN 978-93-5528-240-8.
- ^ Kumar, Raj (2008). Encyclopaedia of Untouchables Ancient, Medieval and Modern. Gyan Publishing House. p. 231. ISBN 978-81-7835-664-8.
External links
[edit]
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