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{{short description|English-American businessman and postmaster (1737–1811)}}
{{for|his son, a military and political official in the Republic and state of Texas|Richard Bache Jr.}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox Officeholder
{{Infobox Officeholder
|name = Richard Bache
| name = Richard Bache
|image = Richard Bache (1737-1811) by John Hoppner.jpg
| image = Richard Bache (1737-1811) by John Hoppner.jpg
|office = [[United States Postmaster General]]
| caption = ''Portrait of Bache, by [[John Hoppner]]''
| office = [[United States Postmaster General]]
|term_start = November 7, 1776
|term_end = January 28, 1782
| term_start = November 7, 1776
| term_end = January 28, 1782
⚫
|predecessor = [[Benjamin Franklin]]
|successor = [[Ebenezer Hazard]]
| appointed = [[Continental Congress]]
⚫
| predecessor = [[Benjamin Franklin]]
⚫
|birth_date = {{birth date|1737|9|12}}
| successor = [[Ebenezer Hazard]]
⚫
|birth_place = [[Settle, North Yorkshire|Settle]], [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|1811|4|17|1737|1|17}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1737|9|12}}
⚫
| birth_place = [[Settle, North Yorkshire|Settle]], [[West Riding of Yorkshire]], England
⚫
|death_place = [[Bucks County, Pennsylvania|Bucks County]], [[Pennsylvania]], [[United States|U.S.]]
⚫
| death_date = {{death date and age|1811|4|17|1737|9|12}}
⚫
|spouse = [[Sarah Franklin Bache|Sarah Franklin]]
⚫
| death_place = [[Bucks County, Pennsylvania]], U.S.
⚫
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Sarah Franklin Bache|Sarah Franklin]]|October 29, 1767|October 5, 1808|reason=died}}
| children = {{Plainlist|
*[[Benjamin Franklin Bache (journalist)|Benjamin Franklin Bache]]
*William Franklin Bache
*Sarah Franklin Bache
*Eliza Harwood
*[[Louis Franklin Bache]]
*Deborah Duane
*[[Richard Bache Jr.]]
*Sarah Sergeant}}
}}
}}

'''Richard Bache''' (September 12, 1737 – April 17, 1811), born in [[Settle, North Yorkshire|Settle]], [[Yorkshire]], [[England]], immigrated to [[Philadelphia]], in the colony of [[Pennsylvania]], where he was a businessman, a [[marine insurance]] underwriter, and later served as head of the American Post Office. He also was the son-in-law of [[Benjamin Franklin]].
'''Richard Bache''' (September 12, 1737 – April 17, 1811), born in [[Settle, North Yorkshire|Settle]], [[West Riding of Yorkshire]], England, immigrated to [[Philadelphia]], in the colony of [[Pennsylvania]], where he was a businessman, a [[marine insurance]] underwriter, and later served as Postmaster-General of the American Post Office. He also was the son-in-law of [[Benjamin Franklin]].

==Early life==
Bache was born on September 12, 1737, in [[Settle, North Yorkshire|Settle]], [[West Riding of Yorkshire]], the youngest child of William Bache, a tax collector, and Mary ([[née]] Blechynden) Bache, who were married around 1720. His older brother was [[Theophylact Bache]],<ref name="TBanb">{{cite web |title=Bache, Theophylact (1735-1807), merchant |url=https://www.anb.org/view/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.001.0001/anb-9780198606697-e-0100040 |website=www.anb.org | year=2000 |publisher=[[American National Biography]] |access-date=3 September 2020 |language=en |doi=10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0100040| isbn=978-0-19-860669-7 | last1=Lurie | first1=Maxine N. }}</ref> who married Ann Dorothea Barclay (a daughter of [[Andrew Barclay (merchant)|Andrew Barclay]] and Helena (née [[Roosevelt family|Roosevelt]]) Barclay).<ref name="N&Q1868">{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries: A Medium of Intercommunication for Literary Men, General Readers ... Fourth Series |date=1868 |page=580 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X2r42QYSVD8C |access-date=3 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

In 1751, his elder brother Theophylact arrived in New York City, where he was taken under the wing of [[Paul Richard]], a successful merchant and former mayor, whose wife was a Bache relative.<ref name="TBanb"/><ref>{{cite web |title=From Benjamin Franklin to Theophylact Bache, 3 February 1773 |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-20-02-0027 |website=founders.archives.gov |publisher=Founders Online |access-date=3 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref>


==Career==
==Career==
Bache immigrated as a young man in 1760 to New York to join his brother Theophylact in a dry goods and marine insurance business. After a couple of years, he went to Philadelphia, where he prospered for several years. He was among nearly 30 young men who in October 1766 met at the city's [[London Coffee House]] to found the Gloucester Fox Hunting Club (GFHC), the first in America, to take up a pursuit closely associated with becoming "true Englishmen."<ref name="Skala">[https://books.google.com/books?id=YFF8ynVL4wIC&pg=PA52 Doreen Skala, "Fox Hunting and Anglicization in Eighteenth-Century Philadelphia"], in ''Locating the English Diaspora, 1500-2010'', edited by Tanja Bueltmann, Liverpool University Press, 2012, pp. 61-62, accessed 5 November 2012</ref>
Bache immigrated as a young man in 1760 to New York to join his brother Theophylact in a dry goods and marine insurance business. After a couple of years, he went to Philadelphia, where he prospered for several years. He was among nearly 30 young men who in October 1766 met at the city's [[London Coffee House]] to found the Gloucester Fox Hunting Club (GFHC), the first in America, to take up a pursuit closely associated with becoming "true Englishmen."<ref name="Skala">[https://books.google.com/books?id=YFF8ynVL4wIC&pg=PA52 Doreen Skala, "Fox Hunting and Anglicization in Eighteenth-Century Philadelphia"], in ''Locating the English Diaspora, 1500–2010'', edited by Tanja Bueltmann, Liverpool University Press, 2012, pp. 61–62, accessed 5 November 2012</ref>
In 1767, Bache suffered financial problems when debts contracted by him were repudiated by his London associate, Edward Green.
In 1767, Bache suffered financial problems when debts contracted by him were repudiated by his London associate, [[Edward Greenly|Edward Green]].<ref name="Tagg1991">{{cite book |last1=Tagg |first1=James |title=Benjamin Franklin Bache and the Philadelphia Aurora |date=1991 |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |isbn=978-0-8122-8255-9 |page=5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fBR3AAAAMAAJ |access-date=3 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref>


==Marriage and family==
===Later years===
During the [[American Revolution]], Bache served on the [[Board of War]], which was a special standing committee to oversee the [[Continental Army]]'s administration and to make recommendations regarding the army to [[Second Continental Congress|Congress]]. His wife, [[Sarah Franklin Bache|Sally]], was widely known for her patriotism and charitable activities.<ref name="America1991">{{cite book |title=America, History and Life: Article abstracts and citations. Part A |date=1991 |publisher=Clio Press |page=14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VPAuAQAAIAAJ |access-date=3 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref> After immigrating to [[North America]], he acquired ownership of a [[Slavery in the United States|slave]] named Bob.<ref name="Franklin (1)">{{Citation
⚫
[[File:Mrs. Richard Bache (Sarah Franklin, 1743–1808).jpg|thumb|Richard Bache's wife, Sarah Franklin, painted by [[John Hoppner]] (1793)]]
| title = Last Will and Testament
⚫
That year, Bache had proposed to [[Sarah Franklin Bache|Sarah Franklin]] (1743–1808), known as Sally, the only daughter of [[Benjamin Franklin]] and [[Deborah Read]]. They objected, given his precarious finances and rumors that Bache was a fortune hunter.<ref name="Herbert"/> Although Franklin and his wife Deborah Read never formally approved, they acquiesced to the marriage in 1767.<ref name="Herbert"/> Bache and Sally had eight children together.
| last = Franklin
| first = Benjamin
| publisher = FI
| url = http://www.fi.edu/franklin/family/lastwill.html
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/19970215091654/http://www.fi.edu/franklin/family/lastwill.html
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 15 February 1997
| access-date = 5 July 2006 }}.</ref>


⚫
Franklin later arranged an appointment for Bache, as the [[United States Postmaster General|US Postmaster]] General (1776–1782), to succeed him. After Franklin's death in 1790, Bache and Sally lived off her inheritance from Franklin, moving their family to the Vandegrift residence in 1794,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.livingplaces.com/PA/Bucks_County/Bensalem_Township/Eddington_Park.html|title=Eddington, Bensalem Township, Bucks County PA|website=www.livingplaces.com|language=en|access-date=2017-06-21}}</ref> along the [[Delaware River]] north of Philadelphia.<ref name="Herbert">{{Cite journal |first=Eugenia W. |last=Herbert |title=A Note on Richard Bache (1737–1811) |journal=Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography |year=1976 |volume=100 |issue=1 |pages=97–103 |issn=0031-4587 }}</ref>
==Later years==
During the [[American Revolution]], Bache served on the [[Board of War]]. His wife, [[Sarah Franklin Bache|Sally Bache]] (1743–1808), was widely known for her patriotism and charitable activities.


==Personal life==
⚫
Franklin later arranged an appointment for Bache as the US Postmaster General (1776-1782), to succeed him. After Franklin's death in 1790, Bache and Sally lived off her inheritance from Franklin, moving their family to the Vandegrift residence<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.livingplaces.com/PA/Bucks_County/Bensalem_Township/Eddington_Park.html|title=Eddington, Bensalem Township, Bucks County PA|website=www.livingplaces.com|language=en|access-date=2017-06-21}}</ref> in 1794 along the [[Delaware River]] north of Philadelphia.<ref name="Herbert">{{Cite journal |first=Eugenia W. |last=Herbert |title=A Note on Richard Bache (1737–1811) |journal=Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography |year=1976 |volume=100 |issue=1 |pages=97–103 |issn=0031-4587 }}</ref>
⚫
[[File:Mrs. Richard Bache (Sarah Franklin, 1743–1808).jpg|thumb|Bache's wife, Sarah Franklin, painted by [[John Hoppner]] (1793)]]
[[File:Benjamin Franklin Bache.jpg|thumb|Bache's eldest son, [[Benjamin Franklin Bache]].]]
⚫
In 1767, Bache had proposed to [[Sarah Franklin Bache|Sarah Franklin]] (1743–1808), known as Sally, the only daughter of [[Benjamin Franklin]] and [[Deborah Read]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=Benjamin Franklin and women|date=2000|publisher=Pennsylvania State University Press|author=Larry E. Tise|isbn=0585382778|location=University Park, Pa.|oclc=49414692}}</ref> They objected, given his precarious finances and rumors that Bache was a fortune hunter.<ref name="Herbert"/> Although Franklin and his wife Deborah Read never formally approved, they acquiesced to the marriage in 1767.<ref name="Herbert"/> Bache and Sally had eight children together, including:<ref name="Parton1864"/>


* [[Benjamin Franklin Bache]] (1769–1798), who became a journalist and publisher, founding a newspaper. He was a spokesman for the [[Democratic-Republican Party|Jeffersonian Republicans]]; he strenuously opposed [[George Washington]], [[John Adams]] and the [[Federalist Party|Federalist party]]. He died during the Philadelphia [[1793 Philadelphia yellow fever epidemic|yellow fever epidemic]].<ref name="Parton1864"/> He ran the ''[[Philadelphia Aurora|Aurora]]'' newspaper and printing business with his wife [[Margaret Hartman Markoe Bache]].<ref name="NPS">{{Cite web |title=Margaret Hartman Markoe |work=Independence National Historical Park |publisher=U.S. National Park Service |url=https://www.nps.gov/inde/learn/historyculture/stories-aurora-markoe.htm |date=December 1, 2020|access-date=March 7, 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
⚫
==Descendants==
* William Franklin Bache (1773–1814), who married Catherine Wistar.<ref name="Parton1864"/>
Their oldest son, [[Benjamin Franklin Bache (Journalist)|Benjamin Franklin Bache]] (1769–1798), became a journalist and publisher, founding a newspaper. He was a spokesman for the [[Democratic-Republican Party|Jeffersonian Republicans]]; he strenuously opposed [[George Washington]], [[John Adams]] and the [[Federalist party]].
* Sarah Franklin Bache (1775–1776)<ref>[http://www.americanrevolution.org/women30.html "Women of the American Revolution: Sarah Bache"], American Revolution website</ref>
* Eliza Franklin Bache (1777–1820) married John Harwood.<ref name="Parton1864"/>
* [[Louis Franklin Bache]] (1779–1818), a Lt. Col. in the Pennsylvania State Militia Volunteers during the [[War of 1812]] who married Mary Ann Swift and, after her death, Esther Egee.<ref name="Parton1864"/><ref>Carl Edward Skeen, "Citizen Soldiers in the War of 1812," Ch. 8, ''Federal-State Relations,'' Vol. 1998, p. 141,</ref>
* Deborah Franklin Bache (1781–1863), who married [[William J. Duane]], a lawyer who was appointed as the 11th [[United States Secretary of the Treasury]].
* [[Richard Bache Jr.|Richard Franklin Bache]] (1784–1848), who served in the [[Republic of Texas]] Navy and served in the [[Second Texas Legislature]]. He married Sophia Durrell Dallas, eldest daughter of [[Alexander J. Dallas (statesman)|Alexander J. Dallas]].<ref name="Parton1864"/>
* Sarah Franklin Bache (1788–1863), married [[Thomas Sergeant]], an associate justice of the [[Pennsylvania Supreme Court]] and postmaster of Philadelphia.<ref name="Brown1903">{{cite book |last1=Brown |first1=John Howard |title=Lamb's Biographical Dictionary of the United States, Volume 7 |date=1903 |publisher=James H. Lamb Company |page=16 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8yVAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA16 |access-date=3 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref>


Sally, a leader in relief work during the War and for women in the pro-independence effort,<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|title=Revolutionary women in the War for American Independence : a one-volume revised edition of Elizabeth Ellet's 1848 landmark series|last=Ellet|first= E. F.|date=1998|publisher=Praeger|others=Diamant, Lincoln., Ellet, E. F. (Elizabeth Fries), 1818-1877.|isbn=0275962636|location=Westport, Conn.|oclc=38304353}}</ref> died from cancer in Philadelphia on October 5, 1808.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Benjamin Franklin : philosopher and man|last=Aldridge, Alfred O.|date=1967|publisher=Lippincott|oclc=612354380}}</ref> Bache died in [[Bucks County, Pennsylvania]], on April 17, 1811. He was buried alongside his wife at [[Christ Church Burial Ground]] in Philadelphia.<ref name="Parton1864"/>
Sally and Bache's son, [[Richard Bache Jr.|Richard Bache, Jr.]], served in the [[Republic of Texas]] Navy and was elected as a Representative to the [[Second Texas Legislature]] in 1847.


⚫
==Descendants==
The U.S. Navy surgeon [[Benjamin Franklin Bache]] (1801–1881) and the physicist [[Alexander Dallas Bache]] (1806–1867) were grandsons of Sally and Richard Bache, Sr.
Through his son William, he was a grandfather of U.S. Navy surgeon [[Benjamin Franklin Bache (surgeon)|Benjamin Franklin Bache]] (1801–1881). Through his son Richard, he was a grandfather of the physicist [[Alexander Dallas Bache]] (1806–1867) and Mary Blechynden Bache (1808–1873), wife of Secretary of the Treasury, [[Governor of Kansas]], and [[U.S. Senator]] from Mississippi, [[Robert John Walker]] and mother of five children, including Union Army General [[Duncan Stephen Walker]].<ref name="Parton1864">{{cite book |last1=Parton |first1=James |title=Life and Times of Benjamin Franklin |date=1864 |publisher=Mason Brothers |isbn=978-0-608-40739-5 |pages=629–631 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nm09AQAAMAAJ&dq=Mary+Blechynden+Bache&pg=RA1-PA630 |access-date=3 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

Through his daughter Eliza, he was a grandfather of the United States Navy Admiral [[Andrew A. Harwood]]. Through his youngest daughter Sarah, he was a great-grandfather of Margaret Mason Perry (of the Perry family of Rhode Island) who married [[John La Farge]].<ref name="Parton1864"/>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{cite BDA1906 |wstitle= Bache, Richard |volume= 1 |page=174 |short=}}
*{{findagrave|11323079|Richard Bache Sr.}}
*[https://search.amphilsoc.org/collections/view?docId=ead/Mss.B.B1245-ead.xml Sarah Franklin Bache Papers], [[American Philosophical Society]]


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[[Category:Franklin family]]
[[Category:Franklin family]]
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[[Category:Insurance underwriters]]
[[Category:Kingdom of Great Britain emigrants to the Thirteen Colonies]]
[[Category:British emigrants to the Thirteen Colonies]]
[[Category:People of colonial Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:People from colonial Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:People from Yorkshire]]
[[Category:People from Settle, North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:People of Pennsylvania in the American Revolution]]
[[Category:People of Pennsylvania in the American Revolution]]
[[Category:United States Postmasters General]]
[[Category:United States postmasters general]]

Latest revision as of 08:43, 24 August 2024

For his son, a military and political official in the Republic and state of Texas, see Richard Bache Jr.

Richard Bache
Portrait of Bache, by John Hoppner
United States Postmaster General
In office
November 7, 1776 – January 28, 1782
Appointed byContinental Congress
Preceded byBenjamin Franklin
Succeeded byEbenezer Hazard
Personal details
Born(1737-09-12)September 12, 1737
Settle, West Riding of Yorkshire, England
DiedApril 17, 1811(1811-04-17) (aged 73)
Bucks County, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1767; died 1808)​
Children

Richard Bache (September 12, 1737 – April 17, 1811), born in Settle, West Riding of Yorkshire, England, immigrated to Philadelphia, in the colony of Pennsylvania, where he was a businessman, a marine insurance underwriter, and later served as Postmaster-General of the American Post Office. He also was the son-in-law of Benjamin Franklin.

Early life

[edit]

Bache was born on September 12, 1737, in Settle, West Riding of Yorkshire, the youngest child of William Bache, a tax collector, and Mary (née Blechynden) Bache, who were married around 1720. His older brother was Theophylact Bache,[1] who married Ann Dorothea Barclay (a daughter of Andrew Barclay and Helena (née Roosevelt) Barclay).[2]

In 1751, his elder brother Theophylact arrived in New York City, where he was taken under the wing of Paul Richard, a successful merchant and former mayor, whose wife was a Bache relative.[1][3]

Career

[edit]

Bache immigrated as a young man in 1760 to New York to join his brother Theophylact in a dry goods and marine insurance business. After a couple of years, he went to Philadelphia, where he prospered for several years. He was among nearly 30 young men who in October 1766 met at the city's London Coffee House to found the Gloucester Fox Hunting Club (GFHC), the first in America, to take up a pursuit closely associated with becoming "true Englishmen."[4]

In 1767, Bache suffered financial problems when debts contracted by him were repudiated by his London associate, Edward Green.[5]

Later years

[edit]

During the American Revolution, Bache served on the Board of War, which was a special standing committee to oversee the Continental Army's administration and to make recommendations regarding the army to Congress. His wife, Sally, was widely known for her patriotism and charitable activities.[6] After immigrating to North America, he acquired ownership of a slave named Bob.[7]

Franklin later arranged an appointment for Bache, as the US Postmaster General (1776–1782), to succeed him. After Franklin's death in 1790, Bache and Sally lived off her inheritance from Franklin, moving their family to the Vandegrift residence in 1794,[8] along the Delaware River north of Philadelphia.[9]

Personal life

[edit]
Bache's wife, Sarah Franklin, painted by John Hoppner (1793)
Bache's eldest son, Benjamin Franklin Bache.

In 1767, Bache had proposed to Sarah Franklin (1743–1808), known as Sally, the only daughter of Benjamin Franklin and Deborah Read.[10] They objected, given his precarious finances and rumors that Bache was a fortune hunter.[9] Although Franklin and his wife Deborah Read never formally approved, they acquiesced to the marriage in 1767.[9] Bache and Sally had eight children together, including:[11]

Sally, a leader in relief work during the War and for women in the pro-independence effort,[16] died from cancer in Philadelphia on October 5, 1808.[17] Bache died in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, on April 17, 1811. He was buried alongside his wife at Christ Church Burial Ground in Philadelphia.[11]

Descendants

[edit]

Through his son William, he was a grandfather of U.S. Navy surgeon Benjamin Franklin Bache (1801–1881). Through his son Richard, he was a grandfather of the physicist Alexander Dallas Bache (1806–1867) and Mary Blechynden Bache (1808–1873), wife of Secretary of the Treasury, Governor of Kansas, and U.S. Senator from Mississippi, Robert John Walker and mother of five children, including Union Army General Duncan Stephen Walker.[11]

Through his daughter Eliza, he was a grandfather of the United States Navy Admiral Andrew A. Harwood. Through his youngest daughter Sarah, he was a great-grandfather of Margaret Mason Perry (of the Perry family of Rhode Island) who married John La Farge.[11]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Lurie, Maxine N. (2000). "Bache, Theophylact (1735-1807), merchant". www.anb.org. American National Biography. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0100040. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
  2. ^ Notes and Queries: A Medium of Intercommunication for Literary Men, General Readers ... Fourth Series. Oxford University Press. 1868. p. 580. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
  3. ^ "From Benjamin Franklin to Theophylact Bache, 3 February 1773". founders.archives.gov. Founders Online. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
  4. ^ Doreen Skala, "Fox Hunting and Anglicization in Eighteenth-Century Philadelphia", in Locating the English Diaspora, 1500–2010, edited by Tanja Bueltmann, Liverpool University Press, 2012, pp. 61–62, accessed 5 November 2012
  5. ^ Tagg, James (1991). Benjamin Franklin Bache and the Philadelphia Aurora. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-8122-8255-9. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
  6. ^ America, History and Life: Article abstracts and citations. Part A. Clio Press. 1991. p. 14. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
  7. ^ Franklin, Benjamin, Last Will and Testament, FI, archived from the original on 15 February 1997, retrieved 5 July 2006.
  8. ^ "Eddington, Bensalem Township, Bucks County PA". www.livingplaces.com. Retrieved 21 June 2017.
  9. ^ a b c Herbert, Eugenia W. (1976). "A Note on Richard Bache (1737–1811)". Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography. 100 (1): 97–103. ISSN 0031-4587.
  10. ^ Larry E. Tise (2000). Benjamin Franklin and women. University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN 0585382778. OCLC 49414692.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i Parton, James (1864). Life and Times of Benjamin Franklin. Mason Brothers. pp. 629–631. ISBN 978-0-608-40739-5. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
  12. ^ "Margaret Hartman Markoe". Independence National Historical Park. U.S. National Park Service. 1 December 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
  13. ^ "Women of the American Revolution: Sarah Bache", American Revolution website
  14. ^ Carl Edward Skeen, "Citizen Soldiers in the War of 1812," Ch. 8, Federal-State Relations, Vol. 1998, p. 141,
  15. ^ Brown, John Howard (1903). Lamb's Biographical Dictionary of the United States, Volume 7. James H. Lamb Company. p. 16. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
  16. ^ Ellet, E. F. (1998). Revolutionary women in the War for American Independence : a one-volume revised edition of Elizabeth Ellet's 1848 landmark series. Diamant, Lincoln., Ellet, E. F. (Elizabeth Fries), 1818-1877. Westport, Conn.: Praeger. ISBN 0275962636. OCLC 38304353.
  17. ^ Aldridge, Alfred O. (1967). Benjamin Franklin : philosopher and man. Lippincott. OCLC 612354380.
[edit]
Political offices
Preceded by United States Postmaster General
1776–1782 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Bache&oldid=1241978830"