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'''Mosharraf Hossain''' (Bengali: মোশাররফ হোসেন, 7 March 1925 – 3 February 1974) was a politician and lawyer from [[Jessore District|Jessore]] (also spelt Jashore, Bengali: যশোর), Bangladesh. He was actively involved in the [[Bengali nationalism|Bengali nationalist]] movement in [[East Pakistan]] and the [[Bangladesh Liberation War|Liberation War of Bangladesh]] in 1971.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=যশোর জেলা |url=http://www.jessore.gov.bd/site/page/bf3f6eaf-1c4a-11e7-8f57-286ed488c766/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%20%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617181234/http://www.jessore.gov.bd/site/page/bf3f6eaf-1c4a-11e7-8f57-286ed488c766/প্রখ্যাত%20ব্যক্তিত্ব |archive-date=2022-06-17 |access-date=2021-12-31 |website=www.jessore.gov.bd |language=bn, en}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=মোশাররফ হোসেন এল. এল. বি / Mosarraf Hossain L.L.B - Jessore, Jhenaidah, Magura, Narail |url=http://www.jessore.info/index.php?option=content&value=256 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101192522/http://www.jessore.info/index.php?option=content&value=256 |archive-date=2022-01-01 |access-date=2021-12-31 |website=www.jessore.info}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite book |url=https://www.routledge.com/Secret-Documents-of-Intelligence-Branch-on-Father-of-The-Nation-Bangladesh/Hasina/p/book/9780367471255 |title=Secret Documents of Intelligence Branch on Father of The Nation, Bangladesh: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. Volume XI (May - December 1966) |date= |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2022 |isbn=978-1-003-03362-2 |editor=Sheikh Hasina |location=London |pages=471, 472, 523 |oclc=1334607491}}</ref><ref name=":5" />
'''Mosharraf Hossain''' ({{lang-bn|মোশাররফ হোসেন}}; 7 March 1925 – 3 February 1974) was a politician and lawyer from [[Jessore District|Jessore]], Bangladesh. He was actively involved in the [[Bengali nationalism|Bengali nationalist]] movement in [[East Pakistan]] and the [[Bangladesh Liberation War|Liberation War of Bangladesh]] in 1971.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |script-title=bn:যশোর জেলা |url=http://www.jessore.gov.bd/site/page/bf3f6eaf-1c4a-11e7-8f57-286ed488c766/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%20%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617181234/http://www.jessore.gov.bd/site/page/bf3f6eaf-1c4a-11e7-8f57-286ed488c766/প্রখ্যাত%20ব্যক্তিত্ব |archive-date=2022-06-17 |access-date=2021-12-31 |website=www.jessore.gov.bd |language=bn, en}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite book |url=https://www.routledge.com/Secret-Documents-of-Intelligence-Branch-on-Father-of-The-Nation-Bangladesh/Hasina/p/book/9780367471255 |title=Secret Documents of Intelligence Branch on Father of The Nation, Bangladesh: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. Volume XI (May - December 1966) |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2022 |isbn=978-1-003-03362-2 |editor=Sheikh Hasina |location=London |pages=471, 472, 523 |oclc=1334607491}}</ref><ref name=":5" />


He was elected as a Member of the [[East Pakistan Provincial Assembly|Provincial Assembly of East Pakistan]] in the [[1970 Pakistani provincial elections|1970 election]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Rahman|first=Hasan Hafizur|url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0_%28%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%29.pdf|script-title=bn:বাংলাদেশের স্বাধীনতা যুদ্ধ দলিলপত্র: সপ্তম খণ্ড |trans-title=Liberation War of Bangladesh Documents: Volume 7|publisher=Hakkani Publishers, On behalf of Ministry of Information, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh|year=2003|location=Dhaka|pages=514–517|language=bn}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite news |script-title=bn:মুক্তিযুদ্ধের সময় আটক হয়েছিলেন রওশন জাহান |url=https://www.dw.com/bn/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8/a-15758034 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221107061511/https://www.dw.com/bn/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8/a-15758034 |archive-date=2022-11-07 |access-date=2022-01-02 |work=Deutsche Welle |date=25 March 2012 |language=bn-BD}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=2021-02-03 |script-title=bn:জাসদ নেতা মোশাররফ হোসেনের ৪৭তম শাহাদত বার্ষিকী আজ |work=Daily Loksamaj |url=https://loksamaj.com/?p=311427 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105015853/https://loksamaj.com/2021/02/03/জাসদ-নেতা-মোশাররফ-হোসেনে/ |archive-date=2022-11-05}}</ref> and was a Member of the [[Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh]] from April 1971<ref name=":8">{{Cite book|last=Tushnet|first=Mark V.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/918147769|title=Unstable constitutionalism : law and politics in South Asia|date=2016|others=Madhav Khosla|isbn=978-1-316-42138-3|location=New York|pages=195|oclc=918147769}}</ref> to September 1972.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|title=The Bangladesh Gazette, Extraordinary, 26 September, 1972|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Bangladesh_Gazette,_Extraordinary,_26_September_1972.pdf|journal=The Bangladesh Gazette, Extraordinary|publisher=The Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh}}</ref> In 1972, he resigned from the Constituent Assembly,<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |script-title=bn:মোশাররফ হত্যাকাণ্ড ও স্বাধীনতাবিরোধী অপশক্তির উত্থান |url=https://www.samakal.com/todays-print-edition/tp-editorial-comments/article/210281237/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AB-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1-%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231170509/https://www.samakal.com/todays-print-edition/tp-editorial-comments/article/210281237/মোশাররফ-হত্যাকাণ্ড-ও-স্বাধীনতাবিরোধী-অপশক্তির-উত্থান |archive-date=2021-12-31 |access-date=2022-01-02 |work=Samakal |language=bn}}</ref> left the ruling party [[Awami League]], and joined the left-wing party [[Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal]] (abbr. JSD or JASAD or 'জাসদ') as one of its founding vice presidents.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":10">{{Cite book |last=Ahmad |first=Mohiuddin |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/898716995 |title=জাসদের উত্থান পতন: অস্থির সময়ের রাজনীতি (The Rise and Fall of JASAD: Politics of turbulent times) |publisher=Prothoma |year=2014 |isbn=978-984-90747-5-5 |location=Dhaka |pages=87, 102, 133 |language=bn |oclc=898716995}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-06-12 |script-title=bn:বিএনপি বাংলাদেশের রাজনীতির জন্য বিপদ :ইনু |work=[[The Daily Ittefaq]] |url=https://archive1.ittefaq.com.bd/politics/2018/02/06/146110.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101192445/https://archive1.ittefaq.com.bd/politics/2018/02/06/146110.html |archive-date=2022-01-01}}</ref><ref name=":11">{{Cite news |date=1973-05-13 |title=JSD confce: 55-member national body formed |pages=10 |work=[[The Bangladesh Observer]]}}</ref>
He was elected as a member of the [[East Pakistan Provincial Assembly|Provincial Assembly of East Pakistan]] in the [[1970 Pakistani provincial elections|1970 election]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Rahman|first=Hasan Hafizur|url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0_%28%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%29.pdf|script-title=bn:বাংলাদেশের স্বাধীনতা যুদ্ধ দলিলপত্র: সপ্তম খণ্ড |trans-title=Liberation War of Bangladesh Documents: Volume 7|publisher=Hakkani Publishers, On behalf of Ministry of Information, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh|year=2003|location=Dhaka|pages=514–517|language=bn}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite news |script-title=bn:মুক্তিযুদ্ধের সময় আটক হয়েছিলেন রওশন জাহান |url=https://www.dw.com/bn/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8/a-15758034 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221107061511/https://www.dw.com/bn/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8/a-15758034 |archive-date=2022-11-07 |access-date=2022-01-02 |work=Deutsche Welle |date=25 March 2012 |language=bn-BD}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=2021-02-03 |script-title=bn:জাসদ নেতা মোশাররফ হোসেনের ৪৭তম শাহাদত বার্ষিকী আজ |work=Daily Loksamaj |url=https://loksamaj.com/?p=311427 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105015853/https://loksamaj.com/2021/02/03/জাসদ-নেতা-মোশাররফ-হোসেনে/ |archive-date=2022-11-05}}</ref> and was a member of the [[Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh]] from April 1971<ref name=":8">{{Cite book|last=Tushnet|first=Mark V.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/918147769|title=Unstable constitutionalism : law and politics in South Asia|date=2016|others=Madhav Khosla|isbn=978-1-316-42138-3|location=New York|pages=195|oclc=918147769}}</ref> to September 1972.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|title=The Bangladesh Gazette, Extraordinary, 26 September, 1972|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Bangladesh_Gazette,_Extraordinary,_26_September_1972.pdf|journal=The Bangladesh Gazette, Extraordinary|date=26 September 1972 |publisher=The Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh}}</ref> In 1972, he resigned from the Constituent Assembly,<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |script-title=bn:মোশাররফ হত্যাকাণ্ড ও স্বাধীনতাবিরোধী অপশক্তির উত্থান |url=https://www.samakal.com/todays-print-edition/tp-editorial-comments/article/210281237/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AB-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1-%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231170509/https://www.samakal.com/todays-print-edition/tp-editorial-comments/article/210281237/মোশাররফ-হত্যাকাণ্ড-ও-স্বাধীনতাবিরোধী-অপশক্তির-উত্থান |archive-date=2021-12-31 |access-date=2022-01-02 |work=Samakal |language=bn}}</ref> left the ruling party [[Awami League]], and joined the left-wing opposition party [[Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal]] (abbr. JSD or JASAD or 'জাসদ') as one of its founding vice presidents.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":10">{{Cite book |last=Ahmad |first=Mohiuddin |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/898716995 |script-title=bn:জাসদের উত্থান পতন: অস্থির সময়ের রাজনীতি (The Rise and Fall of JASAD: Politics of turbulent times) |publisher=Prothoma |year=2014 |isbn=978-984-90747-5-5 |location=Dhaka |pages=87, 102, 133 |language=bn |oclc=898716995}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-06-12 |script-title=bn:বিএনপি বাংলাদেশের রাজনীতির জন্য বিপদ :ইনু |work=[[The Daily Ittefaq]] |url=https://archive1.ittefaq.com.bd/politics/2018/02/06/146110.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101192445/https://archive1.ittefaq.com.bd/politics/2018/02/06/146110.html |archive-date=2022-01-01}}</ref><ref name=":11">{{Cite news |date=1973-05-13 |title=JSD confce: 55-member national body formed |pages=10 |work=[[The Bangladesh Observer]]}}</ref> Mosharraf was assasignated in 1974.<ref name=":19" /><ref name=":20" />


== Early life ==
== Early life ==
Born in the Sabhaipur village of [[Bangaon subdivision|Bangaon]] (which was then a [[Mahakuma]] of the greater [[Jessore District|Jessore district]]), Mosharraf studied in [[Jashore Zilla School|Jessore Zilla School]] and [[Michael Madhusudan College]] (known at that time as Jessore College<ref>{{Cite web |title=Michael Madhusudan College |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Michael_Madhusudan_College |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=Banglapedia}}</ref>) of today's [[Jessore|Jessore city]].<ref name=":6" />
Born in the Sabhaipur village of [[Bangaon subdivision|Bangaon]] (which was then a [[Mahakuma]] of the greater [[Jessore District|Jessore district]]), Mosharraf studied in [[Jessore Zilla School]] and [[Michael Madhusudan College]] (known at that time as Jessore College<ref>{{Cite web |title=Michael Madhusudan College |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Michael_Madhusudan_College |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=Banglapedia}}</ref>) of today's [[Jessore]]. He received his law degree (LL.B.) from [[Surendranath Law College|Ripon College]] (under the [[University of Calcutta]]).<ref name=":6" />


== Political career ==
== Political career ==


=== Post British India ===
=== Post British India ===
After finishing his law degree (LL.B.) from [[Ripon College, Calcutta|Ripon College]] (under the [[University of Calcutta]]), Mosharraf made a brief foray into the state politics of [[West Bengal]]. In the [[1952 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|Legislative Assembly Election of West Bengal in 1951/52]], he contested in the Bangaon constituency as an independent candidate against [[Jiban Ratan Dhar|Jibon Ratan Dhar]] of the [[Indian National Congress]] and Ajit Kumar Ganguly of the [[Communist Party of India]].<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://ia804703.us.archive.org/17/items/west-bengal-general-legislative-election-1951/West%20Bengal%20Legislative%20Assembly%20Election%201951%3A52.pdf |title=Statistical report on the General Election 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission of India |year=2018 |location=New Delhi |language=en}}</ref> In 1953, due to his continued opposition to the ruling party, Congress, the Indian government accused him of treason and issued him a 24-hour ultimatum to leave the country.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 August 1984 |title=মফস্বলে সন্ত্রাস |language=bn |work=[[Bichitra]]}}</ref>
After completing his education, Mosharraf made a brief foray into the state politics of [[West Bengal]]. In the [[1952 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|Legislative Assembly Election of West Bengal in 1951/52]], he contested in the Bangaon constituency as an independent candidate against [[Jiban Ratan Dhar|Jibon Ratan Dhar]] of the [[Indian National Congress]] and Ajit Kumar Ganguly of the [[Communist Party of India]].<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://ia804703.us.archive.org/17/items/west-bengal-general-legislative-election-1951/West%20Bengal%20Legislative%20Assembly%20Election%201951%3A52.pdf |title=Statistical report on the General Election 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission of India |year=2018 |location=New Delhi |language=en}}</ref> In 1953, due to his continued opposition to the ruling party, Congress, the Indian government accused him of treason and issued him a 24-hour ultimatum to leave the country.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 August 1984 |script-title=bn:মফস্বলে সন্ত্রাস |language=bn |work=[[Bichitra]]}}</ref>


=== East Pakistan ===
=== East Pakistan ===
[[File:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman with Mosharraf Hossain and others in Jessore (1969).jpg|left|thumb|In 1969, [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] is being welcomed at a meeting organized in Jessore in support of the [[Six point movement|Six-point demand]]. Mosharraf Hossain is on the left, with the microphone, conducting the program.]]
[[File:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman with Mosharraf Hossain and others in Jessore (1969).jpg|left|thumb|In 1969, [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] is being welcomed at a meeting organized in Jessore in support of the [[Six point movement|Six-point demand]]. Mosharraf Hossain is on the left, with the microphone, conducting the program.]]
Afterwards, Hossain returned to Jessore city and continued developing his political career in East Pakistan with Awami League.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":1" /> He was the secretary of the central relief committee that was formed in Jessore to help the refugees fleeing into Pakistan during the [[1964 Calcutta riots]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakistan Observer 1964.01.13 — South Asian Newspapers |url=https://gpa.eastview.com/crl/san/?a=d&d=paob19640113-01.1.8 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=gpa.eastview.com}}</ref> In 1967, when [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] was in jail, Awami League got split into two groups due to disagreements over the [[Six point movement|Six-point demand]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rashiduzzaman |first=M. |date=1970 |title=The Awami League in the Political Development of Pakistan |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2642956 |journal=Asian Survey |volume=10 |issue=7 |pages=574–587 |doi=10.2307/2642956 |issn=0004-4687}}</ref> Many of Mosharraf's political compatriots, including [[Mashiur Rahman (Awami League politician)|Mashiur Rahman]] and [[Raushan Ali]] of Jessore, joined the Pro-PDM faction of Awami League that opposed the Six-point.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ahmad |first=Mohiuddin |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/992173990 |title=আওয়ামীলীগ: উত্থানপর্ব ১৯৪৮-১৯৭০ (Awami League: The Ascent 1948–1970) |date= |publisher=Prothoma |year=2016 |isbn=978-984-91766-6-4 |edition= |location=Dhaka |pages=146–147 |language=bn |oclc=992173990}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite book |last=Oli |first=Ahad |title= |publisher=Bangladesh Co-Operative Book Society Ltd. |edition=5th |location=Dhaka |language=bn |script-title=bn:জাতীয় রাজনীতি ১৯৪৫ থেকে ৭৫ [National Politics 1945 to 75]}}</ref> However, Mosharraf remained in the mainstream Awami League, with the Six-pointers. The Pro-PDM leaders eventually returned during the anti-Ayub movement. An avid political supporter of both the Six-point movement and the [[1969 East Pakistan mass uprising]],<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":1" /> Advocate Mosharraf won in the [[1970 Pakistani provincial elections|1970 Pakistani provincial election]] from Jessore.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakistan Observer 1970.10.21 — South Asian Newspapers |url=https://gpa.eastview.com/crl/san/?a=d&d=paob19701021-01.1.5 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=gpa.eastview.com}}</ref><ref name=":15" /> On 18 March 1971, in a joint press statement, Mosharraf Hossain, along with Mashiur Rahman and Raushan Ali, alleged that the local military was trying to create panic among the people and demanded punishment for those involved.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakistan Observer 1971.03.19 — South Asian Newspapers |url=https://gpa.eastview.com/crl/san/?a=d&d=paob19710319-01.1.6 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=gpa.eastview.com}}</ref>
Afterwards, Hossain returned to Jessore city and continued developing his political career in East Pakistan with Awami League.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":1" /> His elder brother lawyer [[Habibur Rahman (Jessore politician)|Habibur Rahman]] already lived in Jessore and was the first president of Jessore district Awami League.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rahman |first=Mujib |title=The unfinished memoirs |date=2012 |publisher=The University Press Limited |isbn=9789845061100 |edition= |location=Dhaka |pages=139 |language=en |translator-last=Alam |translator-first=Fakrul}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Alam |first=Fakhre |script-title=bn:যশোরের ভাষা আন্দোলন (Language Movement in Jashore) |publisher=Bidyaprokash |year=2018 |location=Dhaka |pages=30 |language=bn}}</ref> Mosharraf was the secretary of the central relief committee that was formed in Jessore to help the refugees fleeing into Pakistan during the [[1964 Calcutta riots]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakistan Observer 1964.01.13 — South Asian Newspapers |url=https://gpa.eastview.com/crl/san/?a=d&d=paob19640113-01.1.8 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=gpa.eastview.com}}</ref>
In 1967, when [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] was in jail, the Awami League split into two groups due to disagreements over the [[Six point movement|Six-point demand]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rashiduzzaman |first=M. |date=1970 |title=The Awami League in the Political Development of Pakistan |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2642956 |journal=Asian Survey |volume=10 |issue=7 |pages=574–587 |doi=10.2307/2642956 |jstor=2642956 |issn=0004-4687}}</ref> Many of Mosharraf's political compatriots, including [[Mashiur Rahman (Awami League politician)|Mashiur Rahman]] and [[Raushan Ali]] of Jessore, joined the pro-PDM faction of the Awami League that opposed the Six-point.<ref name=":18">{{Cite book |last=Ahmad |first=Mohiuddin |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/992173990 |script-title=bn:আওয়ামীলীগ: উত্থানপর্ব ১৯৪৮-১৯৭০ (Awami League: The Ascent 1948–1970) |publisher=Prothoma |year=2016 |isbn=978-984-91766-6-4 |edition= |location=Dhaka |pages=146–147 |language=bn |oclc=992173990}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite book |last=Oli |first=Ahad |title= |publisher=Bangladesh Co-Operative Book Society Ltd. |edition=5th |location=Dhaka |language=bn |script-title=bn:জাতীয় রাজনীতি ১৯৪৫ থেকে ৭৫ [National Politics 1945 to 75]}}</ref> However, Mosharraf remained in the mainstream Awami League, with the Six-pointers. In January 1968, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, accused in the [[Agartala Conspiracy Case]] and imprisoned in Dhaka Jail, was arrested from the jail gate and taken to Dhaka Cantonment. His whereabouts were kept secret by the Pakistani government. Advocate Mosharraf Hossain made a statement in February demanding the release of information regarding the physical condition and location of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. In the statement, he also demanded that Sheikh Mujib be allowed to communicate with his family members and lawyers.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1968-02-26 |script-title=bn:শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান সম্পর্কে প্রেসনোট প্রকাশের দাবী (Demand for release of press note about Sheikh Mujibur Rahman) |pages=5 |work=[[The Azad]]}}</ref>
The pro-PDM leaders eventually returned to the mainstream Awami League during the anti-Ayub movement. An avid political supporter of both the Six-point movement and the [[1969 East Pakistan mass uprising]],<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":1" /> Advocate Mosharraf won in the [[1970 Pakistani provincial elections|1970 Pakistani provincial election]] from Jessore.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakistan Observer 1970.10.21 — South Asian Newspapers |url=https://gpa.eastview.com/crl/san/?a=d&d=paob19701021-01.1.5 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=gpa.eastview.com}}</ref><ref name=":15" /> On 18 March 1971, in a joint press statement, Mosharraf Hossain, along with Mashiur Rahman and Raushan Ali, alleged that the local military was trying to create panic among the people and demanded punishment for those involved.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakistan Observer 1971.03.19 — South Asian Newspapers |url=https://gpa.eastview.com/crl/san/?a=d&d=paob19710319-01.1.6 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=gpa.eastview.com}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable floatright"
{| class="wikitable floatright"
|+1970 East Pakistan Provincial Assembly election result for Jessore IX constituency<ref name=":15">{{Cite news |title=East Pak results |page=1 |work=The Pakistan Observer |publication-date=1970-12-18 |url=https://gpa.eastview.com/crl/san/newspapers/paob19701218-01.1.1}}</ref>
|+1970 East Pakistan Provincial Assembly election result for Jessore IX (PE 86) constituency<ref name=":15">{{Cite news |title=East Pak results |page=1 |work=The Pakistan Observer |publication-date=1970-12-18 |url=https://gpa.eastview.com/crl/san/newspapers/paob19701218-01.1.1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Eastern Examiner 1970.12.19 — South Asian Newspapers |url=https://gpa.eastview.com/crl/san/?a=d&d=teer19701219-01.1.3 |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=gpa.eastview.com}}</ref>
!Name of the contestant
!Name of the contestant
!Political party
!Political party
Line 45: Line 51:
|Jamaat-e-Islami
|Jamaat-e-Islami
|6,332
|6,332
|-
|Shamsul Huda
|PML (Conv.)
|4,342
|-
|Aysha Sardar
|Independent
|2,458
|-
|Others
|Various*
|1,918
|-
| colspan="3" |Total votes polled: 54,691
|-
| colspan="3" |*Others were from PML (Qay.), PDP, NAP & 2 independents
|}
|}


=== Bangladesh Liberation War ===
=== Bangladesh Liberation War ===
During the [[Bangladesh Liberation War|Liberation War of Bangladesh]] in 1971, Pakistan’s military government brought several charges against Mosharraf for his activities against the state.<ref name=":0" /> Though he evaded capture during [[Operation Searchlight]],<ref name=":4" /> his house in Jessore city was raided on 25 March and later seized by the Pakistan army to be used as a camp.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Harun-or |first=Rashid |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1342558684 |title=বাংলাদেশ মুক্তিযুদ্ধ জ্ঞানকোষ (Encyclopedia of Bangladesh War of Liberation) |date= |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] |others= |year=2020 |isbn=978-984-34-9260-9 |volume=8 |location=Dhaka |pages=454, 458 |language=bn |oclc=1342558684}}</ref> At the very early stage of the war, when the Indian government was hesitant to get involved, he met Indian leaders like [[Jayaprakash Narayan]], Indian Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]], and the Chief Minister of West Bengal, requesting equipment and initiating support for the refugees.<ref name=":13" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Azad|first=Salam|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/224723365|title=Contribution of India in the war of liberation of Bangladesh|date=|publisher=Bookwell|year=2006|isbn=81-89640-04-6|location=New Delhi|pages=220|oclc=224723365}}</ref> He became a member of the [[Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh]] in April.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":3" />
During the [[Bangladesh Liberation War|Liberation War of Bangladesh]] in 1971, Pakistan's military government brought several charges against Mosharraf for his activities against the state. The charges included - opposing the state of Pakistan, arms procurement, arms distribution, and arms training.<ref name=":0" /> Witness reports from Jessore published in Indian sources mention that the Pakistan army tried fanatically to apprehend Mosharraf Hossain.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |title=Jugantar. Vol: 34; Issue: 190 (30 March 1971) |url=https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP262-1-2-35-87 |access-date=2023-01-25 |website=British Library (Endangered Archives Programme) |language=en}}</ref> A reward was announced for the capture of him, dead or alive.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":14" /> Though he evaded capture during [[Operation Searchlight]],<ref name=":4" /> his house in Jessore city was raided on 25 March and later seized by the Pakistan army to be used as a camp.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Harun-or |first=Rashid |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1342558684 |script-title=bn:বাংলাদেশ মুক্তিযুদ্ধ জ্ঞানকোষ (Encyclopedia of Bangladesh War of Liberation) |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] |year=2020 |isbn=978-984-34-9260-9 |volume=8 |location=Dhaka |pages=454, 458 |language=bn |oclc=1342558684}}</ref> At the very early stage of the war, when the Indian government was hesitant to get involved, he met Indian leaders like [[Jayaprakash Narayan]], Indian Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]], and others, requesting equipment and initiating support for the refugees.<ref name=":13" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Azad|first=Salam|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/224723365|title=Contribution of India in the war of liberation of Bangladesh|publisher=Bookwell|year=2006|isbn=81-89640-04-6|location=New Delhi|pages=220|oclc=224723365}}</ref><ref name=":17">{{cite interview |last=Hossen Moni |first=Ali |subject-link= |interviewer= |script-title=bn:মা-বাবাকে না জানিয়েই রণাঙ্গনে যাত্রা করি (Left for the battelfield without telling my parents) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T5EjUUm3kL8 |access-date= |work= |publisher=[[Dhaka Post]] |via=YouTube |location= |date=10 December 2021}}</ref>


Witness reports from Jessore published in Indian sources mention that the Pakistan army tried fanatically to apprehend Mosharraf Hossain.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |title=Jugantar. Vol: 34 ; Issue: 190 (30 March 1971) |url=https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP262-1-2-35-87 |access-date=2023-01-25 |website=British Library (Endangered Archives Programme) |language=en}}</ref> A reward was announced for the capture of him, dead or alive.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":14" /> In November 1971, Bangladesh Awami League, operating the [[Provisional Government of Bangladesh]] in exile, tasked him with setting up local administration in the Jessore district and restoring Awami League's organizational capabilities in the area.<ref>{{cite letter|recipient=Mosharraf Hossain|subject=Letter of certification|date={{date|1971-11-28|mdy}}|author=Muhammadullah Kabir|language=en|location=India|publisher=Bangladesh Awami League|url=https://ia801603.us.archive.org/32/items/mujibnagar-government-to-mosharraf-hossain-jessore/Mujibnagar%20Government%20to%20Mosharraf%20Hossain%20Jessore.jpg}}</ref>
Mosharraf became a member of the [[Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh]] in April.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":3" /> The [[Provisional Government of Bangladesh]] appointed him as the head of the Bangaon regugee camp, where food and shelter were provided to incoming refugees from the east.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Arefin |first=A.S.M. Shamsul |script-title=bn:মুক্তিযুদ্ধের প্রেক্ষাপটে ব্যক্তির অবস্থান |publisher=[[The University Press Limited]] |year=1998 |location=Dhaka |pages=29 |language=bn |trans-title=Individuals in the Context of Bangladesh Liberation War}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-12-08 |script-title=bn:আমি যুদ্ধ দেখেছি |trans-title=I Saw the War |url=https://www.kalerkantho.com/print-edition/oboshore/2018/12/08/711996 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212214038/https://www.kalerkantho.com/print-edition/oboshore/2018/12/08/711996 |archive-date=2018-12-12 |work=[[Kaler Kantho]] |language=bn}}</ref> Arms training was also arranged there in a nearby school field.<ref name=":17" /> His activities during the war was not confined to administrative duties in the camp. In May 1971, amid heavy artillery fire from the Pakistan army, he accompanied prime minister [[Tajuddin Ahmad|Tajuddin Ahmed]] in inspecting the field operation of the Bangladesh army inside Jessore.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ahmed |first=Major (Retd.) Hafizuddin |script-title=bn:রক্তেভেজা একাত্তর |publisher=Shahitya Prakash |year=1997 |edition=1st |location=Dhaka |pages=57 |language=bn |trans-title=Blood-soaked Seventy One}}</ref> In November 1971, Bangladesh Awami League, operating the Provisional Government of Bangladesh in exile, tasked him with setting up local administration in the Jessore district and restoring Awami League's organizational capabilities in the area.<ref>{{cite letter|recipient=Mosharraf Hossain|subject=Letter of certification|date=1971-11-28|author=Muhammadullah Kabir|language=en|location=India|publisher=Bangladesh Awami League|url=https://ia801603.us.archive.org/32/items/mujibnagar-government-to-mosharraf-hossain-jessore/Mujibnagar%20Government%20to%20Mosharraf%20Hossain%20Jessore.jpg}}</ref>


=== Independent Bangladesh ===
=== Independent Bangladesh ===
Though Mosharraf was a central committee member of Awami League, his political differences with the party leadership grew over time.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":1" /> During the April 1972 conference of the Awami League, Mosharraf was dismissed from the central committee and succeeded by [[Raushan Ali]] from Jessore.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1972-04-18 |title="Mujib announces AL Organising Committee" |work=Bangladesh Observer |page=1}}</ref> Raushan, a former pro-PDM leader, had previously opposed Mujib's Six-point demand and faced a three-year expulsion from the Awami League in 1967.<ref name=":18" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakistan Observer 1967.10.15 — South Asian Newspapers |url=https://gpa.eastview.com/crl/san/?a=d&d=paob19671015-01.1.5&e=-------en-25--1--img-txIN---------- |access-date=2024-08-08 |website=gpa.eastview.com |page=5}}</ref> In 1972, a division within the student wing of the Awami League resulted in Mosharraf's elder daughter, [[Raoshan Jahan Sathi|Sathi]], aligning with [[Serajul Alam Khan]]'s faction, which espoused the philosophy of [[Scientific socialism|Scientific Socialism]] and opposed [[Mujibism]]. <ref>{{Cite news |date=1972-07-09 |title=ছাত্রলীগের সম্মেলন সংক্রান্ত প্রস্তাবাবলী |trans-title=Proposals regarding the conference of the Chhatra League |work=[[The Daily Ittefaq]] |page=3 |language=bn}}</ref> Furthermore, in August of the same year, Mosharraf resigned from the vice-president position of the Jessore district Awami League, objecting the inclusion of political opportunists and sympathizers of the Muslim League within the committee..<ref>{{Cite news |date=1972-08-14 |title=এমসিএসহ ৪ জনের সাংগঠনিক কমিটি ত্যাগ |work=Gonokantho |page=1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1972-08-14 |title=যশোর আওয়ামী লীগ সাংগঠনিক কমিটি পাঁচ জনের পদত্যাগ |trans-title=Five resigns from Jessore Awami League organizational committee |work=[[The Daily Ittefaq]] |page=14 |language=bn}}</ref>
Though Mosharraf was a central committee member of Awami League, his political differences with the party leadership grew over time. This led to his eventual departure from the party and his resignation from the [[Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh]] in 1972.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":1" />

⚫
On September 10, 1972, the Awami League temporarily suspended Mosharraf's primary membership, citing allegations of violating party orders, acting against the party's interest, and involvement in corruption. Subsequently, Mosharraf received a notice from the party ordering him to explain his conduct or face permanent expulsion.<ref>{{Cite news |script-title=bn:আওয়ামীলীগ হইতে সাময়িক ভাবে বরখাস্ত [Temporarily suspended from Awami League] |language=bn |pages=8 |work=[[The Daily Ittefaq]] |publication-date=1972-09-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1972-09-10 |script-title=bn:এমসিএ সাসপেন্ড [MCA Suspend] |language=bn |page=1 |work=[[Daily Banglar Bani]]}}</ref> In response, Mosharraf refuted all allegations of corruption, challenged the authority of the Awami League committee to issue such a notice, and expressed concerns about the party's ideological disintegrity, pervasive corruption, and nepotism. Furthermore, he characterized the Awami League's post-liberation politics as more menacing in terms of deceit and betrayal than that of conspirators like [[Ayub Khan]] and [[Abdul Monem Khan|Abdul Monem]]. Simultaneously, he announced his resignation from the [[Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh]].<ref>{{Cite news |date= |script-title=bn:আওয়ামীলীগের সাথে এমসিএ মোশাররফ হোসেনের সম্পর্কচ্ছেদ [MCA Mosharraf Hossain Cuts Ties with Awami League] |language=bn |page=5 |work=[[The Azad]] |location=Dhaka |publication-date=1972-09-15}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Press statement regarding the resignation of a member of the Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh in 1972 |url=https://archive.org/download/mca-resignation-press-briefing/Press%20Briefing.jpg |publication-date=1972-09-15 |orig-date=1972-09-13 |access-date=2023-02-04}}</ref> The acting speaker accepted his resignation on September 22, and the official cessation notice was published on September 26 of the same year.<ref name=":3" />


Following his departure from Awami League, Mosharraf assumed the role of founding vice-president of the newly established opposition party [[Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal|Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (JSD)]], and also became the president of the Jessore district JSD. Notably, JSD was founded on October 31.<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":11" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":16">{{Cite book |last=Chowdhury |first=Badrul Haider |title=The Long Echoes |publisher=Naima Haider |year=1990 |location=Dhaka |pages=64 |language=en}}</ref>
⚫
On 10 September 1972, Awami League temporarily suspended the primary membership of Mosharraf, accusing him of violating party orders, acting against the party’s interest, and corruption. The party sent him a notice ordering him to explain his conduct or face permanent expulsion.<ref>{{Cite news |title=আওয়ামীলীগ হইতে সাময়িক ভাবে বরখাস্ত [Temporarily suspended from Awami League] |language=bn |pages=8 |work=[[The Daily Ittefaq]] |publication-date=1972-09-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1972-09-10 |title=এমসিএ সাসপেন্ড [MCA Suspend] |language=bn |page=1 |work=[[Daily Banglar Bani]]}}</ref> In a return statement, Mosharraf denied any allegation of corruption. He also questioned the Awami League committee's authority over giving him such notice and denounced the party, condemning it for losing its ideology, rampant corruption, and nepotism. In the same statement, he announced his resignation from the Constituent Assembly.<ref>{{Cite news |date= |title=আওয়ামীলীগের সাথে এমসিএ মোশাররফ হোসেনের সম্পর্কচ্ছেদ [MCA Mosharraf Hossain Cuts Ties with Awami League] |language=bn |page=5 |work=[[The Azad]] |location=Dhaka |publication-date=1972-09-15}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Press statement regarding the resignation of a member of the Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh in 1972 |date= |url=https://archive.org/download/mca-resignation-press-briefing/Press%20Briefing.jpg |publication-date=1972-09-15 |orig-date=1972-09-13 |access-date=2023-02-04}}</ref> The acting speaker granted his resignation on 22 September, and the official gazette of cessation was published on 26 September of the same year.<ref name=":3" /> He then became the founding vice-president of the newly formed opposition party [[Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal]] (abbr. JSD or JASAD or 'জাসদ') and also the president of Jessore district JSD. JSD was first formed on 31 October.<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":11" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":16">{{Cite book |last=Chowdhury |first=Badrul Haider |title=The Long Echoes |publisher=Naima Haider |year=1990 |location=Dhaka |pages=64 |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable floatright"
{| class="wikitable floatright"
|+1973 Bangladesh General election result for Jessore IX constituency<ref>{{Cite news |title=Election Results |page=8 |work=[[The Bangladesh Observer]] |publication-date=1973-03-10}}</ref>
|+1973 Bangladesh General election result for Jessore IX constituency<ref>{{Cite news |title=Election Results |page=8 |work=[[The Bangladesh Observer]] |publication-date=1973-03-10}}</ref>
Line 62: Line 86:
!Votes received
!Votes received
|-
|-
|Raushan Ali
|[[Raushan Ali]]
|Awami League
|Awami League
|57,212
|57,212
Line 70: Line 94:
|7,374
|7,374
|-
|-
|Kazi Abdus Shahid
|[[Kazi Abdus Shahid Lal]]
|NAP (M)
|NAP (M)
|6,803
|6,803
|-
|-
|Alamgir Siddique
|[[Alamgir Siddique]]
|NAP (B)
|NAP (B)
|6,052
|6,052
Line 84: Line 108:
| colspan="3" |Total votes polled: 78,286
| colspan="3" |Total votes polled: 78,286
|}
|}
Mosharraf Hossain went on to participate in the [[1973 Bangladeshi general election]] as a JSD candidate in the (now defunct) Jessore 9 constituency but lost to [[Raushan Ali]] of Awami League.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Report on the First General Election to Parliament in Bangladesh, 1973|publisher=Bangladesh Government Press|year=1974|location=Dhaka}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=List of 1st Parliament Members|url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/index.php/en/mps/members-of-parliament/former-mp-s/list-of-1st-parliament-members|access-date=2021-12-31|website=Bangladesh Parliament}}</ref> In total, only three candidates from the opposition parties, [[Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal|JSD]], [[Bangladesh National Awami Party|NAP (M)]], and [[Bangladesh Jatiya League|Jatiya League]], were able to win across the country. The margin of Awami League's victory came as a surprise to many observers.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jahan |first=Rounaq |date=1974 |title=Bangladesh in 1973: Management of Factional Politics |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2643085 |journal=Asian Survey |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=125–135 |doi=10.2307/2643085 |issn=0004-4687}}</ref>
Mosharraf Hossain went on to participate in the [[1973 Bangladeshi general election]] as a JSD candidate in the (now defunct) Jessore 9 constituency but lost to [[Raushan Ali]] of Awami League.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Report on the First General Election to Parliament in Bangladesh, 1973|publisher=Bangladesh Government Press|year=1974|location=Dhaka}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=List of 1st Parliament Members|url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/index.php/en/mps/members-of-parliament/former-mp-s/list-of-1st-parliament-members|access-date=2021-12-31|website=Bangladesh Parliament}}</ref> In total, only three candidates from the opposition parties, [[Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal|JSD]], [[Bangladesh National Awami Party|NAP (M)]], and [[Bangladesh Jatiya League|Jatiya League]], were able to win across the country. The margin of Awami League's victory came as a surprise to many observers.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jahan |first=Rounaq |date=1974 |title=Bangladesh in 1973: Management of Factional Politics |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2643085 |journal=Asian Survey |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=125–135 |doi=10.2307/2643085 |jstor=2643085 |issn=0004-4687}}</ref>
[[File:Message of Condolence from prime minister Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.jpg|alt=Message of Condolence from prime minister Sheikh Mujibur Rahman|left|thumb|Message of Condolence from prime minister [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] after the death of Mosharraf Hossain.]]
[[File:Message of Condolence from prime minister Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.jpg|alt=Message of Condolence from prime minister Sheikh Mujibur Rahman|left|thumb|Message of Condolence from prime minister [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] after the death of Mosharraf Hossain.]]
Following the election, Mosharraf's personal safety became precarious amid an increasingly violent political struggle between Awami League and JSD, plus other left-wing insurgents. Soon he was arrested by the [[Jatiya Rakkhi Bahini|Rakkhi Bahini]], a paramilitary force formed by the Bangladesh government to curb the [[1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency|insurgency]]. He was released on bail after two months.<ref name=":9" />
Following the election, Mosharraf's personal safety became precarious amid an increasingly violent [[1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency|political struggle]] between Awami League and JSD, plus other left-wing insurgents. Soon he was arrested by the [[Jatiya Rakkhi Bahini|Rakkhi Bahini]], a paramilitary force formed by the Bangladesh government to curb the [[1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency|insurgency]]. He was released on bail after two months.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1973-07-01 |script-title=bn:জাসদের সহ-সভাপতি মোশাররফ হোসেন গ্রেফতার (JSD Vice-President Mosharraf Hossain Arrested) |pages=8 |work=Gonokantho}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite web |script-title=bn:মোশাররফ হোসেন এল. এল. বি / Mosarraf Hossain L.L.B - Jessore, Jhenaidah, Magura, Narail |url=http://www.jessore.info/index.php?option=content&value=256 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101192522/http://www.jessore.info/index.php?option=content&value=256 |archive-date=2022-01-01 |access-date=2021-12-31 |website=www.jessore.info}}</ref>


== Assassination ==
== Assassination ==
Mosharraf Hossain was assassinated by a gang of unknown armed operatives on 3 February 1974.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1974-02-05 |title=Bangladesh Socialist leader slain |page=5 |work=[[The Cincinnati Post]] |location=Ohio, USA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ahmar |first=Moonis |title=Violence and Terrorism in South Asia: Chronology and Profiles, 1971-2004 |publisher=Bureau of Composition, Compilation & Translation, University of Karachi |year=2005 |location=Karachi |pages=6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=4 March 1974 |title=Rahman Gets New Laws Against Opposition |pages=237–238 |work=Intercontinental Press |location=New York |url=https://www.themilitant.com/Intercontinental_Press/1974/IP1208.pdf}}</ref> He was gunned down to death at his residence by masked assailants while talking with two political associates. At least one of those who were present with him that night got seriously injured in the attack.<ref name=":16" /><ref name=":12">{{Cite news |date=4 February 1974 |title=জাসদের সহ-সভাপতিকে গুলি করে হত্যা |language=bn |pages=1 |work=Daily Gonokantho}}</ref> At that time, Mosharraf was the vice president of Bangladesh JSD. The party organized a general strike in Jessore, demonstrations in Dhaka, and nationwide protests decrying the brutal killing.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1974-02-05 |title=Socialist Leader Killed in Bangladesh |language=en |page=4A |work=[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]] |location=Missouri, USA}}</ref><ref name=":12" />
Mosharraf Hossain was assassinated by a gang of unknown armed operatives on 3 February 1974.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1974-02-05 |title=Bangladesh Socialist leader slain |page=5 |work=[[The Cincinnati Post]] |location=Ohio, USA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ahmar |first=Moonis |title=Violence and Terrorism in South Asia: Chronology and Profiles, 1971-2004 |publisher=Bureau of Composition, Compilation & Translation, University of Karachi |year=2005 |location=Karachi |pages=6}}</ref><ref name=":19">{{Cite news |date=4 March 1974 |title=Rahman Gets New Laws Against Opposition |pages=237–238 |work=Intercontinental Press |location=New York |url=https://www.themilitant.com/Intercontinental_Press/1974/IP1208.pdf}}</ref> He was gunned down to death at his residence by masked assailants while talking with two political associates. At least one of those who were present with him that night got seriously injured in the attack.<ref name=":16" /><ref name=":12">{{Cite news |date=4 February 1974 |script-title=bn:জাসদের সহ-সভাপতিকে গুলি করে হত্যা |language=bn |pages=1 |work=Daily Gonokantho}}</ref> At that time, Mosharraf was the vice president of Bangladesh JSD. The party organized a general strike in Jessore, demonstrations in Dhaka, and nationwide protests decrying the brutal killing.<ref name=":20">{{Cite news |date=1974-02-05 |title=Socialist Leader Killed in Bangladesh |language=en |page=4A |work=[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]] |location=Missouri, USA}}</ref><ref name=":12" />


Political leaders, including Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, expressed their shock and condolences. In a message to the deceased's family, the Prime Minister wrote - "His contribution to our liberation struggle will be remembered by everyone."<ref>{{Cite news |title=বঙ্গবন্ধু মর্মাহত [Bangabandhu Shocked] |language=bn |page=1 |work=[[The Daily Ittefaq]] |publication-date=1974-02-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url= |title=দিনলিপি : বঙ্গবন্ধুর শাসন সময় ১৯৭৪ (Chronicle: Bangabandhu's Rule 1974) |date= |publisher=Anannya |others= |year=2021 |isbn=978-984-95183-7-2 |editor-last=Sayeed |editor-first=Abu |editor-link=Abu Sayeed |location=Dhaka |page=91 |language=bn |oclc= |editor-last2=Benu |editor-first2=Shahjahan Mridha}}</ref>
Political leaders, including Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, expressed their shock and condolences. In a message to the deceased's family, the Prime Minister wrote - "His contribution to our liberation struggle will be remembered by everyone."<ref>{{Cite news |script-title=bn:বঙ্গবন্ধু মর্মাহত [Bangabandhu Shocked] |language=bn |page=1 |work=[[The Daily Ittefaq]] |publication-date=1974-02-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url= |script-title=bn:দিনলিপি : বঙ্গবন্ধুর শাসন সময় ১৯৭৪ (Chronicle: Bangabandhu's Rule 1974) |publisher=Anannya |year=2021 |isbn=978-984-95183-7-2 |editor-last=Sayeed |editor-first=Abu |editor-link=Abu Sayeed (politician) |location=Dhaka |page=91 |language=bn |oclc= |editor-last2=Benu |editor-first2=Shahjahan Mridha}}</ref>


Mosharraf Hossain's daughter [[Raoshan Jahan Sathi]] was a member of the [[List of members of the 9th Jatiya Sangsad|9th Parliament of Bangladesh]].<ref name=":4" /> His son-in-law [[Kazi Aref Ahmed]] was one of the organizers of the [[Bangladesh Liberation War|Bangladesh Liberation war]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-01-08 |title=Kazi Aref murder: 3 killers hanged |language=en |work=The Daily Star |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/country/kazi-aref-murder-3-killers-hanged-198880 |url-status=live |access-date=2022-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128065936/https://www.thedailystar.net/country/kazi-aref-murder-3-killers-hanged-198880 |archive-date=2016-01-28}}</ref>
Mosharraf Hossain's daughter [[Raoshan Jahan Sathi]] was a member of the [[List of members of the 9th Jatiya Sangsad|9th Parliament of Bangladesh]].<ref name=":4" /> His son-in-law [[Kazi Aref Ahmed]] was one of the organizers of the [[Bangladesh Liberation War|Bangladesh Liberation war]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-01-08 |title=Kazi Aref murder: 3 killers hanged |language=en |work=The Daily Star |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/country/kazi-aref-murder-3-killers-hanged-198880 |url-status=live |access-date=2022-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128065936/https://www.thedailystar.net/country/kazi-aref-murder-3-killers-hanged-198880 |archive-date=2016-01-28}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
<references />


{{DEFAULTSORT:Hossain, Mosharraf}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hossain, Mosharraf}}
[[Category:1925 births]]
[[Category:1925 births]]
[[Category:1974 deaths]]
[[Category:1974 deaths]]
⚫
[[Category:Assassinated Bangladeshi politicians]]
[[Category:Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal-JSD politicians]]
[[Category:Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal-JSD politicians]]
[[Category:1974 murders in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:1974 murders in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Jashore Zilla School alumni]]
[[Category:Asian politicians assassinated in the 1970s]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi politicians assassinated in the 20th century]]
⚫
[[Category:20th-century Bangladeshi politicians]]
[[Category:Politicians assassinated in 1974]]
[[Category:People from Jessore District]]

Latest revision as of 07:18, 26 August 2024

Mosharraf Hossain
মোশাররফ হোসেন
Member of Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh
In office
April 1971 – September 1972
Personal details
Born(1925-03-07)7 March 1925
Died3 February 1974(1974-02-03) (aged 48)
NationalityBangladeshi
Political partyJatiya Samajtantrik Dal
Other political
affiliations		Awami League
Alma materJashore Zilla School
Michael Madhusudan College
University of Calcutta
ProfessionAdvocate

Mosharraf Hossain (Bengali: মোশাররফ হোসেন; 7 March 1925 – 3 February 1974) was a politician and lawyer from Jessore, Bangladesh. He was actively involved in the Bengali nationalist movement in East Pakistan and the Liberation War of Bangladesh in 1971.[1][2][3]

He was elected as a member of the Provincial Assembly of East Pakistan in the 1970 election,[4][5][6] and was a member of the Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh from April 1971[7] to September 1972.[8] In 1972, he resigned from the Constituent Assembly,[6][8][9] left the ruling party Awami League, and joined the left-wing opposition party Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (abbr. JSD or JASAD or 'জাসদ') as one of its founding vice presidents.[6][10][11][12] Mosharraf was assasignated in 1974.[13][14]

Early life

[edit]

Born in the Sabhaipur village of Bangaon (which was then a Mahakuma of the greater Jessore district), Mosharraf studied in Jessore Zilla School and Michael Madhusudan College (known at that time as Jessore College[15]) of today's Jessore. He received his law degree (LL.B.) from Ripon College (under the University of Calcutta).[1]

Political career

[edit]

Post British India

[edit]

After completing his education, Mosharraf made a brief foray into the state politics of West Bengal. In the Legislative Assembly Election of West Bengal in 1951/52, he contested in the Bangaon constituency as an independent candidate against Jibon Ratan Dhar of the Indian National Congress and Ajit Kumar Ganguly of the Communist Party of India.[1][16] In 1953, due to his continued opposition to the ruling party, Congress, the Indian government accused him of treason and issued him a 24-hour ultimatum to leave the country.[17]

East Pakistan

[edit]
In 1969, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman is being welcomed at a meeting organized in Jessore in support of the Six-point demand. Mosharraf Hossain is on the left, with the microphone, conducting the program.

Afterwards, Hossain returned to Jessore city and continued developing his political career in East Pakistan with Awami League.[1][9] His elder brother lawyer Habibur Rahman already lived in Jessore and was the first president of Jessore district Awami League.[18][19] Mosharraf was the secretary of the central relief committee that was formed in Jessore to help the refugees fleeing into Pakistan during the 1964 Calcutta riots.[20]

In 1967, when Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was in jail, the Awami League split into two groups due to disagreements over the Six-point demand.[21] Many of Mosharraf's political compatriots, including Mashiur Rahman and Raushan Ali of Jessore, joined the pro-PDM faction of the Awami League that opposed the Six-point.[22][23] However, Mosharraf remained in the mainstream Awami League, with the Six-pointers. In January 1968, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, accused in the Agartala Conspiracy Case and imprisoned in Dhaka Jail, was arrested from the jail gate and taken to Dhaka Cantonment. His whereabouts were kept secret by the Pakistani government. Advocate Mosharraf Hossain made a statement in February demanding the release of information regarding the physical condition and location of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. In the statement, he also demanded that Sheikh Mujib be allowed to communicate with his family members and lawyers.[24]

The pro-PDM leaders eventually returned to the mainstream Awami League during the anti-Ayub movement. An avid political supporter of both the Six-point movement and the 1969 East Pakistan mass uprising,[1][9] Advocate Mosharraf won in the 1970 Pakistani provincial election from Jessore.[4][25][26] On 18 March 1971, in a joint press statement, Mosharraf Hossain, along with Mashiur Rahman and Raushan Ali, alleged that the local military was trying to create panic among the people and demanded punishment for those involved.[27]

1970 East Pakistan Provincial Assembly election result for Jessore IX (PE 86) constituency[26][28]
Name of the contestant Political party Votes received
Mosharraf Hossain Awami League 39,641
Mohammad Hossain Jamaat-e-Islami 6,332
Shamsul Huda PML (Conv.) 4,342
Aysha Sardar Independent 2,458
Others Various* 1,918
Total votes polled: 54,691
*Others were from PML (Qay.), PDP, NAP & 2 independents

Bangladesh Liberation War

[edit]

During the Liberation War of Bangladesh in 1971, Pakistan's military government brought several charges against Mosharraf for his activities against the state. The charges included - opposing the state of Pakistan, arms procurement, arms distribution, and arms training.[4] Witness reports from Jessore published in Indian sources mention that the Pakistan army tried fanatically to apprehend Mosharraf Hossain.[29] A reward was announced for the capture of him, dead or alive.[1][5][29] Though he evaded capture during Operation Searchlight,[5] his house in Jessore city was raided on 25 March and later seized by the Pakistan army to be used as a camp.[3] At the very early stage of the war, when the Indian government was hesitant to get involved, he met Indian leaders like Jayaprakash Narayan, Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, and others, requesting equipment and initiating support for the refugees.[23][30][31]

Mosharraf became a member of the Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh in April.[7][8] The Provisional Government of Bangladesh appointed him as the head of the Bangaon regugee camp, where food and shelter were provided to incoming refugees from the east.[32][33] Arms training was also arranged there in a nearby school field.[31] His activities during the war was not confined to administrative duties in the camp. In May 1971, amid heavy artillery fire from the Pakistan army, he accompanied prime minister Tajuddin Ahmed in inspecting the field operation of the Bangladesh army inside Jessore.[34] In November 1971, Bangladesh Awami League, operating the Provisional Government of Bangladesh in exile, tasked him with setting up local administration in the Jessore district and restoring Awami League's organizational capabilities in the area.[35]

Independent Bangladesh

[edit]

Though Mosharraf was a central committee member of Awami League, his political differences with the party leadership grew over time.[1][9] During the April 1972 conference of the Awami League, Mosharraf was dismissed from the central committee and succeeded by Raushan Ali from Jessore.[36] Raushan, a former pro-PDM leader, had previously opposed Mujib's Six-point demand and faced a three-year expulsion from the Awami League in 1967.[22][37] In 1972, a division within the student wing of the Awami League resulted in Mosharraf's elder daughter, Sathi, aligning with Serajul Alam Khan's faction, which espoused the philosophy of Scientific Socialism and opposed Mujibism. [38] Furthermore, in August of the same year, Mosharraf resigned from the vice-president position of the Jessore district Awami League, objecting the inclusion of political opportunists and sympathizers of the Muslim League within the committee..[39][40]

On September 10, 1972, the Awami League temporarily suspended Mosharraf's primary membership, citing allegations of violating party orders, acting against the party's interest, and involvement in corruption. Subsequently, Mosharraf received a notice from the party ordering him to explain his conduct or face permanent expulsion.[41][42] In response, Mosharraf refuted all allegations of corruption, challenged the authority of the Awami League committee to issue such a notice, and expressed concerns about the party's ideological disintegrity, pervasive corruption, and nepotism. Furthermore, he characterized the Awami League's post-liberation politics as more menacing in terms of deceit and betrayal than that of conspirators like Ayub Khan and Abdul Monem. Simultaneously, he announced his resignation from the Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh.[43][44] The acting speaker accepted his resignation on September 22, and the official cessation notice was published on September 26 of the same year.[8]

Following his departure from Awami League, Mosharraf assumed the role of founding vice-president of the newly established opposition party Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (JSD), and also became the president of the Jessore district JSD. Notably, JSD was founded on October 31.[10][12][6][45]

1973 Bangladesh General election result for Jessore IX constituency[46]
Name of the contestant Political party Votes received
Raushan Ali Awami League 57,212
Mosharraf Hossain JSD 7,374
Kazi Abdus Shahid Lal NAP (M) 6,803
Alamgir Siddique NAP (B) 6,052
Sabur Mandal Independent 845
Total votes polled: 78,286

Mosharraf Hossain went on to participate in the 1973 Bangladeshi general election as a JSD candidate in the (now defunct) Jessore 9 constituency but lost to Raushan Ali of Awami League.[47][48] In total, only three candidates from the opposition parties, JSD, NAP (M), and Jatiya League, were able to win across the country. The margin of Awami League's victory came as a surprise to many observers.[49]

Message of Condolence from prime minister Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
Message of Condolence from prime minister Sheikh Mujibur Rahman after the death of Mosharraf Hossain.

Following the election, Mosharraf's personal safety became precarious amid an increasingly violent political struggle between Awami League and JSD, plus other left-wing insurgents. Soon he was arrested by the Rakkhi Bahini, a paramilitary force formed by the Bangladesh government to curb the insurgency. He was released on bail after two months.[50][51]

Assassination

[edit]

Mosharraf Hossain was assassinated by a gang of unknown armed operatives on 3 February 1974.[52][53][13] He was gunned down to death at his residence by masked assailants while talking with two political associates. At least one of those who were present with him that night got seriously injured in the attack.[45][54] At that time, Mosharraf was the vice president of Bangladesh JSD. The party organized a general strike in Jessore, demonstrations in Dhaka, and nationwide protests decrying the brutal killing.[14][54]

Political leaders, including Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, expressed their shock and condolences. In a message to the deceased's family, the Prime Minister wrote - "His contribution to our liberation struggle will be remembered by everyone."[55][56]

Mosharraf Hossain's daughter Raoshan Jahan Sathi was a member of the 9th Parliament of Bangladesh.[5] His son-in-law Kazi Aref Ahmed was one of the organizers of the Bangladesh Liberation war.[57]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g যশোর জেলা. www.jessore.gov.bd (in Bengali and English). Archived from the original on 17 June 2022. Retrieved 31 December 2021.
  2. ^ Sheikh Hasina, ed. (2022). Secret Documents of Intelligence Branch on Father of The Nation, Bangladesh: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. Volume XI (May - December 1966). London: Routledge. pp. 471, 472, 523. ISBN 978-1-003-03362-2. OCLC 1334607491.
  3. ^ a b Harun-or, Rashid (2020). বাংলাদেশ মুক্তিযুদ্ধ জ্ঞানকোষ (Encyclopedia of Bangladesh War of Liberation) (in Bengali). Vol. 8. Dhaka: Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. pp. 454, 458. ISBN 978-984-34-9260-9. OCLC 1342558684.
  4. ^ a b c Rahman, Hasan Hafizur (2003). বাংলাদেশের স্বাধীনতা যুদ্ধ দলিলপত্র: সপ্তম খণ্ড [Liberation War of Bangladesh Documents: Volume 7] (PDF) (in Bengali). Dhaka: Hakkani Publishers, On behalf of Ministry of Information, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. pp. 514–517.
  5. ^ a b c d মুক্তিযুদ্ধের সময় আটক হয়েছিলেন রওশন জাহান. Deutsche Welle (in Bengali). 25 March 2012. Archived from the original on 7 November 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
  6. ^ a b c d জাসদ নেতা মোশাররফ হোসেনের ৪৭তম শাহাদত বার্ষিকী আজ. Daily Loksamaj. 3 February 2021. Archived from the original on 5 November 2022.
  7. ^ a b Tushnet, Mark V. (2016). Unstable constitutionalism : law and politics in South Asia. Madhav Khosla. New York. p. 195. ISBN 978-1-316-42138-3. OCLC 918147769.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
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  31. ^ a b Hossen Moni, Ali (10 December 2021). মা-বাবাকে না জানিয়েই রণাঙ্গনে যাত্রা করি (Left for the battelfield without telling my parents) (Interview). Dhaka Post – via YouTube.
  32. ^ Arefin, A.S.M. Shamsul (1998). মুক্তিযুদ্ধের প্রেক্ষাপটে ব্যক্তির অবস্থান [Individuals in the Context of Bangladesh Liberation War] (in Bengali). Dhaka: The University Press Limited. p. 29.
  33. ^ আমি যুদ্ধ দেখেছি [I Saw the War]. Kaler Kantho (in Bengali). 8 December 2018. Archived from the original on 12 December 2018.
  34. ^ Ahmed, Major (Retd.) Hafizuddin (1997). রক্তেভেজা একাত্তর [Blood-soaked Seventy One] (in Bengali) (1st ed.). Dhaka: Shahitya Prakash. p. 57.
  35. ^ Muhammadullah Kabir (28 November 1971). "Letter of certification". Letter to Mosharraf Hossain. India: Bangladesh Awami League.
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  37. ^ "Pakistan Observer 1967.10.15 — South Asian Newspapers". gpa.eastview.com. p. 5. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
  38. ^ "ছাত্রলীগের সম্মেলন সংক্রান্ত প্রস্তাবাবলী" [Proposals regarding the conference of the Chhatra League]. The Daily Ittefaq (in Bengali). 9 July 1972. p. 3.
  39. ^ "এমসিএসহ ৪ জনের সাংগঠনিক কমিটি ত্যাগ". Gonokantho. 14 August 1972. p. 1.
  40. ^ "যশোর আওয়ামী লীগ সাংগঠনিক কমিটি পাঁচ জনের পদত্যাগ" [Five resigns from Jessore Awami League organizational committee]. The Daily Ittefaq (in Bengali). 14 August 1972. p. 14.
  41. ^ আওয়ামীলীগ হইতে সাময়িক ভাবে বরখাস্ত [Temporarily suspended from Awami League]. The Daily Ittefaq (in Bengali). 10 September 1972. p. 8.
  42. ^ এমসিএ সাসপেন্ড [MCA Suspend]. Daily Banglar Bani (in Bengali). 10 September 1972. p. 1.
  43. ^ আওয়ামীলীগের সাথে এমসিএ মোশাররফ হোসেনের সম্পর্কচ্ছেদ [MCA Mosharraf Hossain Cuts Ties with Awami League]. The Azad (in Bengali). Dhaka. 15 September 1972. p. 5.
  44. ^ Press statement regarding the resignation of a member of the Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh in 1972, 15 September 1972 [1972-09-13], retrieved 4 February 2023
  45. ^ a b Chowdhury, Badrul Haider (1990). The Long Echoes. Dhaka: Naima Haider. p. 64.
  46. ^ "Election Results". The Bangladesh Observer. 10 March 1973. p. 8.
  47. ^ Report on the First General Election to Parliament in Bangladesh, 1973. Dhaka: Bangladesh Government Press. 1974.
  48. ^ "List of 1st Parliament Members". Bangladesh Parliament. Retrieved 31 December 2021.
  49. ^ Jahan, Rounaq (1974). "Bangladesh in 1973: Management of Factional Politics". Asian Survey. 14 (2): 125–135. doi:10.2307/2643085. ISSN 0004-4687. JSTOR 2643085.
  50. ^ জাসদের সহ-সভাপতি মোশাররফ হোসেন গ্রেফতার (JSD Vice-President Mosharraf Hossain Arrested). Gonokantho. 1 July 1973. p. 8.
  51. ^ মোশাররফ হোসেন এল. এল. বি / Mosarraf Hossain L.L.B - Jessore, Jhenaidah, Magura, Narail. www.jessore.info. Archived from the original on 1 January 2022. Retrieved 31 December 2021.
  52. ^ "Bangladesh Socialist leader slain". The Cincinnati Post. Ohio, USA. 5 February 1974. p. 5.
  53. ^ Ahmar, Moonis (2005). Violence and Terrorism in South Asia: Chronology and Profiles, 1971-2004. Karachi: Bureau of Composition, Compilation & Translation, University of Karachi. p. 6.
  54. ^ a b জাসদের সহ-সভাপতিকে গুলি করে হত্যা. Daily Gonokantho (in Bengali). 4 February 1974. p. 1.
  55. ^ বঙ্গবন্ধু মর্মাহত [Bangabandhu Shocked]. The Daily Ittefaq (in Bengali). 6 February 1974. p. 1.
  56. ^ Sayeed, Abu; Benu, Shahjahan Mridha, eds. (2021). দিনলিপি : বঙ্গবন্ধুর শাসন সময় ১৯৭৪ (Chronicle: Bangabandhu's Rule 1974) (in Bengali). Dhaka: Anannya. p. 91. ISBN 978-984-95183-7-2.
  57. ^ "Kazi Aref murder: 3 killers hanged". The Daily Star. 8 January 2016. Archived from the original on 28 January 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
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