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{{Short description|Martyred Christian bishops}}
{{Infobox saint
{{Infobox saint
|name=Abda and Abdjesus
|name=Abda and Abdisho
|birth_date=
|birth_date=
|birth_name =
|birth_name =
|death_date= 16 May, 366 or 375
|death_date= 16 May 376
|feast_day= 16 May
|feast_day= 16 May
|venerated_in= [[Roman Catholic Church]], [[Orthodox Church]], [[Syriac Orthodox Church|Syrian Church]]
|venerated_in= [[Catholic Church]], [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], [[Syriac Orthodox Church]], [[Church of the East]]
|image=
|image=
|imagesize=250px
|imagesize=250px
Line 22: Line 23:
}}
}}


'''Abdisho''' and '''Abda''' were two successive [[bishops of Kashkar]] who were [[Christian martyr|martyred]] along with 38 companions in 376 during the Forty-Year Persecution in the [[Sasanian Empire]].
'''Abda and Abdjesus''' were two [[Christian]] [[bishops]] who were [[martyr]]ed at [[Kashkar (East Syrian Diocese)|Kashkar]] under [[Shapur II]]{{#tag:ref|The Greek text states that they suffered under the brother of King [[Ardashir II]] (i.e.: "ἀπεστάλη στὸ Μβεὴτ Λαβάτ, πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφὸ τοῦ βασιλέως Ἀρσήθ").<ref name=SYNAX>{{gr icon}} [http://www.synaxarion.gr/gr/sid/3197/sxsaintinfo.aspx Οἱ Ἅγιοι Αὐδᾶς, Αὐδιησοῦς, Βενιαμὶν καὶ ἄλλοι τριάντα ὀκτὼ Μάρτυρες]. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.</ref> It is well known that under the reign of [[Shapur II|Shapur]], [[Ardashir II]] had served as governor-King of Adiabene, where he had reportedly persecuted Christians.|group=note}} on 16 May, in either 366 AD or 375 AD.<ref name="SYNAX"/> They were first placed between heavy boards to crush their bones, and later beheaded.


Accused by his nephew of being a spy for the [[Roman Empire]], Abdisho was arrested by the Sasanian authorities along with the priest Abd Alaha. They were tortured on the orders of [[Ardashir II|Ardashir]], viceroy of Adiabene, who then sent them on to [[Gondeshapur]], where King [[Shapur II]] had them pressed between boards until their limbs were broken. According to the [[hagiography]], they refused food that had been sacrificed to idols and were fed by a pious widow.<ref name=JMF>[[Jean Maurice Fiey]], ''Saints Syriaques'' (Darwin Press, 2004), pp. 18–19.</ref>
⚫
There may have been a political aspect to the persecution, since the king was attempting to establish [[Zoroastrianism|Mazdeism]] as the state religion and judged Christians as the natural allies of the Romans.<ref>[http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/53420 Lucchesi, Giovanni. "Santi Abda and Ebedieso", Santi e Beati, July 20, 2011]</ref>In 339-340 the king began the prosecution with the help of Jews and [[Magi]] of bishop of [[Seleucia]] and Ctesifonte, Simeone Bar Sabbã, having accused him in the friendly support of [[Roman Empire]]. The historian [[Sozomen]] wrote about 22 martyrs who were tortured together. In his book he mentioned Abdas and Abdjesus in 15-th and 16-th places in his list of martyrs. This information is worth of trusting because it was written in less than 100 years after their death. ll of the martyrs were first interrogated by the king but later he charged his brother [[Ardashir II|Ardashir]] to continue. He urged the martyrs to deny Christ and worship the Sun, but they were firm in their faith.


In Abdisho's absence, a new bishop was appointed, Abda, who was soon also accused of spying for Rome. He was arrested with 28 others and seven virgins and all were led in chains to Gondeshapur. According to the hagiography, they refused to worship the sun and each received one hundred lashes. Two Christian brothers, Barhadbshabba and Samuel, voluntarily joined them. All but the virgins were beheaded on 15 May 376. The next day, Abdisho and Abd Alaha were dealt the same fate. Roman slaves from a nearby village took the bodies. The virgins were executed on 22 May.<ref name=JMF/>
⚫
Their feast day is commemorated on 16 May according to the ''Martyrologium Romanum,'' the ''Great [[Synaxarium|Synaxaristes]] of the [[Orthodox Church]]'', and in the [[Syriac Orthodox Church|Syrian Church]] as well. The biographical text ''[[Ausgewählte Akten Persischer Märtyrer]]'' by Oskar Braun also mentions the names of several of the other martyrs, including:
:*16 priests - Abdallah, Simeon, Abraham, [[Abda of Kashkar]], [[Ajabel]], Joseph, Han, Ebedjesu, Abdallah, John, Ebedjesu, Maris, Berhadbesciaba, Rozichaeus, Abdallah, and Ebedjesu
:*9 deacons - Eliab, Ebedjesu, Marjab, Maris, Abdias, Berhadbesciaba, Han, Simeon, and Maris
:*6 monks - Papa, Evolesus, Ebedjesu and others, and
:*7 unnamed virgins.


⚫
There may have been a political aspect to the persecution, since the king was attempting to establish [[Zoroastrianism|Mazdaism]] as the state religion and judged Christians as the natural allies of the Romans.<ref>[http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/53420 Lucchesi, Giovanni. "Santi Abda and Ebedieso", Santi e Beati, July 20, 2011]</ref> The historian [[Sozomen]] wrote about 22 martyrs who were tortured together. He mentions Abdas and Abdisho in 15th and 16th places in his list of martyrs. This information is worth trusting because it was written less than 100 years after their death.<ref>[http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/53420/ Santi Abda e Ebedieso Martiri, 16 maggio] Retrieved on 8 Feb 2018</ref>
==Notes==

{{reflist|group=note}}
Their feast day is 16 May in the [[Church of the East]]<ref name=JMF/> and according to the ''[[Martyrologium Romanum]]'', the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], and the [[Syriac Orthodox Church]].


==38 companions==
⚫
The biographical text ''[[Ausgewählte Akten Persischer Märtyrer]]'' by [[Oskar Braun]] also mentions the names of several of the other martyrs, including:

⚫
;Priests (16)<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=LP4UAAAAQAAJ&dq=Aberoh+and+Atom&pg=PA78 Holweck, F. G. ''A Biographical Dictionary of the Saints''. St. Louis, MO: B. Herder Book Co., 1924, p. 2]</ref>
*Abd Alaha
*Simeon
*Abraham
*Aba
*Ajabel
*Joseph
*Han
*Ebedjesu
*Abdallah
*John
*Ebedjesu
*Maris
*Berhadbesciaba
*Rozichaeus
*Abdallah
*Ebedjesu

;Deacons (9)
*Eliab
*Ebedjesu
*Marjab
*Maris
*Abdias
*Berhadbesciaba
*Han
*Simeon
*Maris

;Monks (6)
*Papa
*Evolesus
*Ebedjesu and three others

;Unnamed virgins (7).


==References==
==References==
Line 39: Line 77:


==Sources==
==Sources==
*Fr. Joseph Irvin ''Vespers: Orthodox Service Books - Number 6''. Lulu Press, Inc, 28 September 2017.
⚫
*Holweck, F. G. ''A Biographical Dictionary of the Saints''. St. Louis, MO: B. Herder Book Co., 1924.
*Fr. Joseph Irvin ''The Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom: Orthodox Service Books - Number 1'', Lulu Press, Inc, 8 July 2017.


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{{DEFAULTSORT:Abda And Abdjesus}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Abda And Abdjesus}}
[[Category: Syrian Christian saints]]

[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:4th-century deaths]]
[[Category:376 deaths]]
[[Category:4th-century Christian martyrs]]
[[Category:4th-century Christian martyrs]]
[[Category:4th-century bishops]]
[[Category:Persian saints]]
[[Category:Persian saints]]
[[Category:People executed by the Sasanian Empire]]
[[Category:People executed by the Sasanian Empire]]
[[Category:Christians in the Sasanian Empire]]
[[Category:Christians in the Sasanian Empire]]
[[Category:Groups of Christian martyrs]]
[[Category:Groups of Christian martyrs]]

{{saint-stub}}

Latest revision as of 19:54, 26 August 2024

Abda and Abdisho
Bishops, Martyrs
Died16 May 376
Venerated inCatholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Syriac Orthodox Church, Church of the East
Feast16 May

Abdisho and Abda were two successive bishops of Kashkar who were martyred along with 38 companions in 376 during the Forty-Year Persecution in the Sasanian Empire.

Accused by his nephew of being a spy for the Roman Empire, Abdisho was arrested by the Sasanian authorities along with the priest Abd Alaha. They were tortured on the orders of Ardashir, viceroy of Adiabene, who then sent them on to Gondeshapur, where King Shapur II had them pressed between boards until their limbs were broken. According to the hagiography, they refused food that had been sacrificed to idols and were fed by a pious widow.[1]

In Abdisho's absence, a new bishop was appointed, Abda, who was soon also accused of spying for Rome. He was arrested with 28 others and seven virgins and all were led in chains to Gondeshapur. According to the hagiography, they refused to worship the sun and each received one hundred lashes. Two Christian brothers, Barhadbshabba and Samuel, voluntarily joined them. All but the virgins were beheaded on 15 May 376. The next day, Abdisho and Abd Alaha were dealt the same fate. Roman slaves from a nearby village took the bodies. The virgins were executed on 22 May.[1]

There may have been a political aspect to the persecution, since the king was attempting to establish Mazdaism as the state religion and judged Christians as the natural allies of the Romans.[2] The historian Sozomen wrote about 22 martyrs who were tortured together. He mentions Abdas and Abdisho in 15th and 16th places in his list of martyrs. This information is worth trusting because it was written less than 100 years after their death.[3]

Their feast day is 16 May in the Church of the East[1] and according to the Martyrologium Romanum, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Syriac Orthodox Church.


38 companions

[edit]

The biographical text Ausgewählte Akten Persischer Märtyrer by Oskar Braun also mentions the names of several of the other martyrs, including:

Priests (16)[4]
  • Abd Alaha
  • Simeon
  • Abraham
  • Aba
  • Ajabel
  • Joseph
  • Han
  • Ebedjesu
  • Abdallah
  • John
  • Ebedjesu
  • Maris
  • Berhadbesciaba
  • Rozichaeus
  • Abdallah
  • Ebedjesu
Deacons (9)
  • Eliab
  • Ebedjesu
  • Marjab
  • Maris
  • Abdias
  • Berhadbesciaba
  • Han
  • Simeon
  • Maris
Monks (6)
  • Papa
  • Evolesus
  • Ebedjesu and three others
Unnamed virgins (7).

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Jean Maurice Fiey, Saints Syriaques (Darwin Press, 2004), pp. 18–19.
  2. ^ Lucchesi, Giovanni. "Santi Abda and Ebedieso", Santi e Beati, July 20, 2011
  3. ^ Santi Abda e Ebedieso Martiri, 16 maggio Retrieved on 8 Feb 2018
  4. ^ Holweck, F. G. A Biographical Dictionary of the Saints. St. Louis, MO: B. Herder Book Co., 1924, p. 2

Sources

[edit]
  • Fr. Joseph Irvin Vespers: Orthodox Service Books - Number 6. Lulu Press, Inc, 28 September 2017.
  • Fr. Joseph Irvin The Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom: Orthodox Service Books - Number 1, Lulu Press, Inc, 8 July 2017.
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