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==Insignia==
==Insignia==
The ''collar'' of the order is made of gold, and features the [[kanji]] for "Meiji", in classic form, indicating the era of the order's establishment. It is decorated with gold chrysanthemum blossoms and green-enamelled leaves.
The ''collar'' of the order is made of gold, and features the [[kanji]] for "Meiji", in classic form, indicating the era of the order's establishment. It is decorated with gold chrysanthemum blossoms and green-enameled leaves.


The sash of the ''grand cordon'' of the order is red with dark blue border stripes. It is worn on the right shoulder.
The sash of the ''grand cordon'' of the order is red with dark blue border stripes. It is worn on the right shoulder.


The ''star'' of the order is similar to the badge, but in silver, without the chrysanthemum suspension, and with an eight-pointed [[Gilding|gilt]] medallion (with white-enamelled rays and red-enamelled sun disc) placed at the centre. It is worn on the left chest.
The ''star'' of the order is similar to the badge, but in silver, without the chrysanthemum suspension, and with an eight-pointed [[Gilding|gilt]] medallion (with white-enameled rays and red-enameled sun disc) placed at the center. It is worn on the left chest.


The ''badge'' of the order is a four-pointed gilt badge with white-enamelled rays; the centre bears a red enamelled sun disc. On each of the four corners of the badge is a yellow-enamelled [[chrysanthemum]] blossom with green-enamelled chrysanthemum leaves. The badge is suspended on a yellow-enamelled chrysanthemum, either on the collar or on the grand cordon.
The ''badge'' of the order is a four-pointed gilt badge with white-enameled rays; the center bears a red enameled sun disc. On each of the four corners of the badge is a yellow-enameled [[chrysanthemum]] blossom with green-enameled chrysanthemum leaves. The badge is suspended on a yellow-enameled chrysanthemum, either on the collar or on the grand cordon.


{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; width:40%;"
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; width:40%;"
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!Purpose of the award
!Purpose of the award
|-
|-
|style="font-size:larger;" style="text-align:center"|<br /><small>'''Collar of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum'''</small><br />[[File:Collar of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum.png|center|200px]]
|style="font-size:larger;" style="text-align:center"|{{ruby|'''大勲位菊花章頸飾'''|だいくんい きっかしょう けいしょく}}<br><small>'''Collar of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum'''</small><br />[[File:Collar of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum.png|center|200px]]
|4 January 1888
|4 January 1888
|It is said to be "a special gift for those decorated with the Supreme Order."<ref>{{nihongo|Article 2.1, Imperial Ordinance No. 1 of Meiji 21st (1881) (Order of the Precious Crown and Collar of the Supreme Chrysanthemum)|明治21年勅令第1号（宝冠章及大勲位菊花章頸飾ニ関スル件）2条1項|Meiji 21-nen Chokurei dai-1-go (Hōkanshō oyobi dai-kun’i kikka-shō keishoku ni kansuru ken) 2-jō 1-kō}}</ref>{{efn|すなわち、大勲位菊花大綬章受章者であることが授与の条件である。(In other words, being a recipient of the Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum is a prerequisite for the award.)|name=|group=}}
|It is said to be "a special gift for those decorated with the Supreme Order."<ref>{{nihongo|Article 2.1, Imperial Ordinance No. 1 of Meiji 21st (1881) (Order of the Precious Crown and Collar of the Supreme Chrysanthemum)|明治21年勅令第1号（宝冠章及大勲位菊花章頸飾ニ関スル件）2条1項|Meiji 21-nen Chokurei dai-1-go (Hōkanshō oyobi dai-kun’i kikka-shō keishoku ni kansuru ken) 2-jō 1-kō}}</ref>{{efn|すなわち、大勲位菊花大綬章受章者であることが授与の条件である。(In other words, being a recipient of the Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum is a prerequisite for the award.)|name=|group=}}
|-
|-
|style="font-size:larger;" style="text-align:center"|<br /><small>'''Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum'''</small><br />[[File:Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum.png|center|200px]]<br />{{center|<small>badge (top), star (bottom right), rosette (bottom left)</small>}}
|style="font-size:larger;" style="text-align:center"|{{ruby|'''大勲位菊花大綬章'''|だいくんい きっか だいじゅしょう}}<br /><small>'''Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum'''</small><br />[[File:Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum.png|center|200px]]<br />{{center|<small>badge (top), star (bottom right), rosette (bottom left)</small>}}
|27 December 1876
|27 December 1876
|"Specially awarded... to those who have excellent merit, above the merit for which the Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Rising Sun]] or the Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Sacred Treasures]] would be awarded".<ref name="kijun">{{Cite book|url=https://www8.cao.go.jp/shokun/seidokaikaku/juyokijun.pdf|title=勲章の授与基準、2003年（平成15年）5月20日閣議決定|date=20 May 2003|trans-title=Criteria for awarding medals, Cabinet decision, as of 20 May 2003 (Heisei 15th year)|access-date=26 September 2020|archive-date=5 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105084522/https://www8.cao.go.jp/shokun/seidokaikaku/juyokijun.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|"Specially awarded... to those who have excellent merit, above the merit for which the Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Rising Sun]] or the Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Sacred Treasures]] would be awarded".<ref name="kijun">{{Cite book|url=https://www8.cao.go.jp/shokun/seidokaikaku/juyokijun.pdf|title=勲章の授与基準、2003年（平成15年）5月20日閣議決定|date=20 May 2003|trans-title=Criteria for awarding medals, Cabinet decision, as of 20 May 2003 (Heisei 15th year)|access-date=26 September 2020|archive-date=5 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105084522/https://www8.cao.go.jp/shokun/seidokaikaku/juyokijun.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-style="background-color:#ddf"
|-style="background-color:#ddf"
|style="font-size:larger;" style="text-align:center"|<br /><small>'''Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum'''</small><br />[[File:Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum 002.jpg|center|200px]]
|style="font-size:larger;" style="text-align:center"|{{ruby|'''大勲位菊花章'''|だいくんい きっかしょう}}<br /><small>'''Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum'''</small><br />[[File:Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum 002.jpg|center|200px]]
|27 December 1876
|27 December 1876
|It has never been awarded on its own, instead it has been treated as the star of the Grand Cordon and of the Collar;
|It has never been awarded on its own, instead it has been treated as the star of the Grand Cordon and of the Collar;
Line 79: Line 79:
*[[Emperor Meiji]] (Sovereign from 27 December 1876)
*[[Emperor Meiji]] (Sovereign from 27 December 1876)
*[[Emperor Taishō]] (Grand Cordon 3 November 1889; Collar 10 May 1900; Sovereign from 30 July 1912)
*[[Emperor Taishō]] (Grand Cordon 3 November 1889; Collar 10 May 1900; Sovereign from 30 July 1912)
*[[Emperor Shōwa]] (Grand Cordon 9 September 1912; Collar as Regent 24 September 1921; Sovereign from 25 December 1926)
*[[Hirohito|Emperor Shōwa]] (Grand Cordon 9 September 1912; Collar as Regent 24 September 1921; Sovereign from 25 December 1926)
*[[Emperor Akihito]] (Grand Cordon 10 November 1952; Sovereign from 7 January 1989 to 30 April 2019)
*[[Akihito|Emperor Akihito]] (Grand Cordon 10 November 1952; Sovereign from 7 January 1989 to 30 April 2019)
*[[Emperor Naruhito]] (Grand Cordon 23 February 1980; Sovereign since 1 May 2019)
*[[Naruhito|Emperor Naruhito]] (Grand Cordon 23 February 1980; Sovereign since 1 May 2019)


==Awards of the Collar of the Order of the Chrysanthemum to members of the Imperial Family and royalty==
==Awards of the Collar of the Order of the Chrysanthemum to members of the Imperial Family and royalty==
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===Posthumous award to foreign royalty===
===Posthumous award to foreign royalty===
*[[Gojong of the Korean Empire]] (21 January 1919)
*[[Gojong of the Korean Empire]] (21 January 1919)

=== Award to foreign royalty ===
* [[Charles III]] (25 June 2024)


==Awards of the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Chrysanthemum to members of the Imperial Family and royalty==
==Awards of the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Chrysanthemum to members of the Imperial Family and royalty==
Line 149: Line 152:


===Awards to foreign royalty===
===Awards to foreign royalty===
*King [[Alfonso XIII]] (7 July 1897)
*Prince [[Yi Un]] of Korea (27 April 1920)
*Prince [[Yi Un]] of Korea (27 April 1920)
*[[Prince Yi Kang]] of Korea (8 January 1924)
*[[Prince Yi Kang]] of Korea (8 January 1924)
Line 156: Line 160:
*Sultan [[Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah]] of Brunei (April 1984)
*Sultan [[Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah]] of Brunei (April 1984)
*King [[Birendra of Nepal]] (1975)
*King [[Birendra of Nepal]] (1975)
*King [[Juan Carlos I]] (1980)
*Crown Prince [[Dipendra of Nepal]] (12 April 2001)
*Crown Prince [[Dipendra of Nepal]] (12 April 2001)
*King [[Felipe VI]] (5 April 2017)


==Ordinary awards of the Collar of the Order of the Chrysanthemum==
==Ordinary awards of the Collar of the Order of the Chrysanthemum==
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===Posthumous awards===
===Posthumous awards===
[[File:Masayoshi Ohira 19781207.jpg|thumb|Masayoshi Ōhira]]
[[File:Masayoshi Ohira 19790120.jpg|thumb|Masayoshi Ōhira]]
*[[Kuroda Kiyotaka]] (25 August 1900)
*[[Kuroda Kiyotaka]] (25 August 1900)
*[[Terauchi Masatake]] (3 November 1919)
*[[Terauchi Masatake]] (3 November 1919)
Line 254: Line 260:
{{dynamic list}}
{{dynamic list}}
===Collar===
===Collar===
* [[Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg|Henri]], [[Monarchy of Luxembourg|Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], 2017{{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Juan Carlos I of Spain|Juan Carlos I]], [[Monarchy of Spain|King of Spain]]{{fact|date=August 2023}}, 1980
* [[Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah]], [[Emir of Kuwait]],2017{{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah|Hassanal Bolkiah]], [[List of Sultans of Brunei|Sultan of Brunei]]{{fact|date=August 2023}}, 1984
⚫
* [[Jigme Singye Wangchuck]], [[List of rulers of Bhutan|King of Bhutan]]{{fact|date=August 2023}}, 1987
* [[Philippe of Belgium|Philippe]], King of the Belgians{{fact|date=August 2023}}, 1994<ref>Order awarded 26 May 1994, mentioned in his biography in : {{cite book|url=http://www.senate.be/doc/books/Senat_Complet_2009.pdf|title=The official publication|publisher=the Belgian Senate|access-date=21 November 2011|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924100327/http://www.senate.be/doc/books/Senat_Complet_2009.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
⚫
* [[Albert II of Belgium|Albert II]], [[Monarchy of Belgium|King of the Belgians]]{{fact|date=August 2023}}, 1996
⚫
* [[Abdullah II of Jordan|Abdullah II]], [[List of kings of Jordan|King of Jordan]]{{fact|date=August 2023}}, 1999
⚫
* [[Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin]], [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong|King of Malaysia]]{{fact|date=August 2023}}, 2005
⚫
* [[Mohammed VI of Morocco|Mohammed VI]], [[List of rulers of Morocco|King of Morocco]]{{fact|date=August 2023}}, 2005{{efn|Promoted from Grand Cordon in 1987.}}
⚫
* [[Norodom Sihamoni]], [[Monarchy of Cambodia|King of Cambodia]], 2010<ref>{{Cite web|title=外国人叙勲受章者名簿 平成22年 (Gaikokujin jokun jushō-sha meibo 2010 (Heisei 22-nen) )|trans-title=Non-Japanese Honoree, 2010 (Heisei 22nd Year)|url=https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/protocol/jokun_h22.html|access-date=2021-01-18|website=www.mofa.go.jp|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)]]|archive-date=5 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005065646/https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/protocol/jokun_h22.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands|Willem-Alexander]], [[List of monarchs of the Netherlands#Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815–present)|King of the Netherlands]], 2014<ref>{{Cite web|title=外国人叙勲受章者名簿 平成26年 (Gaikokujin jokun jushō-sha meibo Heisei 26-nen (2014))|trans-title=Non-Japanese honoree, 2014 (Heisei 26th Year)|url=https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/ms/po/page22_001017.html|access-date=2021-01-18|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan|language=ja|archive-date=8 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008014700/https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/ms/po/page22_001017.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands|Willem-Alexander]], [[List of monarchs of the Netherlands#Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815–present)|King of the Netherlands]], 2014<ref>{{Cite web|title=外国人叙勲受章者名簿 平成26年 (Gaikokujin jokun jushō-sha meibo Heisei 26-nen (2014))|trans-title=Non-Japanese honoree, 2014 (Heisei 26th Year)|url=https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/ms/po/page22_001017.html|access-date=2021-01-18|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan|language=ja|archive-date=8 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008014700/https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/ms/po/page22_001017.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
⚫
* [[Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg|Henri]], [[Monarchy of Luxembourg|Grand Duke of Luxembourg]]{{fact|date=August 2023}}, 2017
⚫
* [[Felipe VI of Spain|Felipe VI]], King of Spain{{fact|date=August 2023}}, 2017
* [[Charles III]], [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|King of the]] [[United Kingdom]], 2024<ref>{{cite web|title=官報 第1251号|url=https://kanpou.npb.go.jp/20240626/20240626h01251/20240626h012510008f.html|website=[[Kanpō (Japanese government gazette)]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626114921/https://kanpou.npb.go.jp/20240626/20240626h01251/20240626h012510008f.html|archive-date=2024-06-26|date=2024-06-26|access-date=2024-06-26}}</ref>
* [[Margrethe II of Denmark|Margrethe II]], [[Monarchy of Denmark|Queen of Denmark]]{{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Margrethe II of Denmark|Margrethe II]], [[Monarchy of Denmark|Queen of Denmark]]{{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Harald V of Norway|Harald V]], [[List of Norwegian monarchs|King of Norway]]{{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Harald V of Norway|Harald V]], [[List of Norwegian monarchs|King of Norway]]{{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Carl XVI Gustav of Sweden|Carl XVI Gustav]], [[Monarchy of Sweden|King of Sweden]]{{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Carl XVI Gustav of Sweden|Carl XVI Gustav]], [[Monarchy of Sweden|King of Sweden]]{{fact|date=August 2023}}
⚫
* [[Albert II of Belgium|Albert II]], [[Monarchy of Belgium|King of the Belgians]], 1996{{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Philippe of Belgium|Philippe]], King of the Belgians, 2016{{fact|date=August 2023}}
⚫
* [[Mohammed VI of Morocco|Mohammed VI]], [[List of rulers of Morocco|King of Morocco]], 2005{{efn|Promoted from Grand Cordon in 1987.}}{{fact|date=August 2023}}
⚫
* [[Abdullah II of Jordan|Abdullah II]], [[List of kings of Jordan|King of Jordan]], 1999{{fact|date=August 2023}}
⚫
* [[Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin]], [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong|King of Malaysia]], 2005{{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah|Hassanal Bolkiah]], [[List of Sultans of Brunei|Sultan of Brunei]], 1984{{fact|date=August 2023}}
⚫
* [[Jigme Singye Wangchuck]], [[List of rulers of Bhutan|King of Bhutan]], 1987{{fact|date=August 2023}}
⚫
* [[Juan Carlos I of Spain|Juan Carlos I]], [[Monarchy of Spain|King of Spain]], 1980{{fact|date=August 2023}}
⚫
* [[Felipe VI of Spain|Felipe VI]], King of Spain, 2017{{fact|date=August 2023}}
⚫
* [[Salman of Saudi Arabia|Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud]], [[King of Saudi Arabia]], 2017<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-03-13|title=King Salman to hold talks with Japanese premier today|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1067571/saudi-arabia|access-date=2021-01-18|website=Arab News|language=en|archive-date=18 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518234227/https://www.arabnews.com/node/1067571/saudi-arabia|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Tarja Halonen]], President of Finland{{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Tarja Halonen]], President of Finland{{fact|date=August 2023}}


===Grand Cordon===
===Grand Cordon===
* [[Charles III]], [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|King of the]] [[United Kingdom]]<ref>Order awarded 5 Oct. 1971: {{cite web|title=Regiments: British, Empire, Commonwealth|url=http://www.regiments.org/biography/royals/1948chas.htm#titles|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080123213728/http://www.regiments.org/biography/royals/1948chas.htm#titles|archive-date=23 January 2008}}</ref>
* [[Charles III]], [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|King of the]] [[United Kingdom]]{{fact|date=August 2024}}, 1971,<ref>Order awarded 5 Oct. 1971: {{cite web|title=Regiments: British, Empire, Commonwealth|url=http://www.regiments.org/biography/royals/1948chas.htm#titles|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080123213728/http://www.regiments.org/biography/royals/1948chas.htm#titles|archive-date=23 January 2008}}</ref>
* [[Vajiralongkorn]], [[Monarchy of Thailand|King of Thailand]]{{fact|date=August 2023}}, 1991{{Citation needed|reason=Unable to find sources not citing Wikipedia|date=August 2024}}
⚫
* [[Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden|Victoria]], [[List of heirs to the Swedish throne|Crown Princess of Sweden]]
* [[Philippe of Belgium|Philippe]], King of the Belgians{{fact|date=August 2023}}, 1994<ref>Order awarded 26 May 1994, mentioned in his biography in : {{cite book|url=http://www.senate.be/doc/books/Senat_Complet_2009.pdf|title=The official publication|publisher=the Belgian Senate|access-date=21 November 2011|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924100327/http://www.senate.be/doc/books/Senat_Complet_2009.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
⚫
* [[Frederik, Crown Prince of Denmark]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Danish Crown Prince website|url=http://kongehuset.dk/Den-kongelige-familie/Kronprinsparret/HKH-Kronprins-Frederik|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120519111107/http://kongehuset.dk/Den-kongelige-familie/Kronprinsparret/HKH-Kronprins-Frederik|archive-date=19 May 2012}}</ref>
⚫
* [[Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden|Victoria]], [[List of heirs to the Swedish throne|Crown Princess of Sweden]]{{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Prince Joachim of Denmark]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-10-28|title=H.K.H. Prins Joachim|url=https://kongehuset.dk/den-kongelige-familie/prins-joachim-og-prinsesse-marie/hkh-prins-joachim|access-date=2021-01-18|website=Kongehuset|language=da|archive-date=17 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117123610/https://kongehuset.dk/den-kongelige-familie/prins-joachim-og-prinsesse-marie/hkh-prins-joachim|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Prince Carl Philip]], Duke of Värmland{{fact|date=August 2024}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kungahuset.se/english/royal-house/hrh-prince-carl-philip|title=HRH Prince Carl Philip}}</ref>
* [[Vajiralongkorn]], [[Monarchy of Thailand|King of Thailand]]
* [[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands|Willem-Alexander]], King of the Netherlands{{fact|date=August 2023}}, 2014<ref>{{Cite web|title=外国人叙勲受章者名簿 平成26年 (Gaikokujin jokun jushō-sha meibo Heisei 26-nen (2014))|trans-title=Non-Japanese honoree, 2014 (Heisei 26th Year)|url=https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/ms/po/page22_001017.html|access-date=2021-01-18|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan|language=ja|archive-date=8 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008014700/https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/ms/po/page22_001017.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands|Willem-Alexander]], King of the Netherlands
* [[Norodom Sihamoni]], [[Monarchy of Cambodia|King of Cambodia]], 2010<ref>{{Cite web|title=外国人叙勲受章者名簿 平成22年 (Gaikokujin jokun jushō-sha meibo 2010 (Heisei 22-nen) )|trans-title=Non-Japanese Honoree, 2010 (Heisei 22nd Year)|url=https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/protocol/jokun_h22.html|access-date=2021-01-18|website=www.mofa.go.jp|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)]]|archive-date=5 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005065646/https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/protocol/jokun_h22.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]], [[President of Kazakhstan]]{{fact|date=August 2023}}, 2009<ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-11-15|title=The Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Japan|url=http://www.embkazjp.org/additionalpages/special25062008.htm|access-date=2021-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091115153311/http://www.embkazjp.org/additionalpages/special25062008.htm|archive-date=15 November 2009}}</ref>
* [[Philippe of Belgium|Philippe]], King of the Belgians<ref>Order awarded 26 May 1994, mentioned in his biography in : {{cite book|url=http://www.senate.be/doc/books/Senat_Complet_2009.pdf|title=The official publication|publisher=the Belgian Senate|access-date=21 November 2011|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924100327/http://www.senate.be/doc/books/Senat_Complet_2009.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Norodom Sihamoni]], [[Monarchy of Cambodia|King of Cambodia]]{{fact|date=August 2023}}, 2010<ref>{{Cite web|title=外国人叙勲受章者名簿 平成22年 (Gaikokujin jokun jushō-sha meibo 2010 (Heisei 22-nen) )|trans-title=Non-Japanese Honoree, 2010 (Heisei 22nd Year)|url=https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/protocol/jokun_h22.html|access-date=2021-01-18|website=www.mofa.go.jp|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)]]|archive-date=5 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005065646/https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/protocol/jokun_h22.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[François Hollande]], [[President of France]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=外国人叙勲受章者名簿 平成25年 (Gaikokujin jokun jushōsha meibo Heisei 25-nen)|trans-title=Non-Japanese Honorees, 2013 (Heisei 25th year)|url=https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/protocol/jokun_h25.html|access-date=2021-01-18|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan|language=ja|archive-date=5 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205104847/https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/protocol/jokun_h25.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Prince Joachim of Denmark]], 2011<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-10-28|title=H.K.H. Prins Joachim|url=https://kongehuset.dk/den-kongelige-familie/prins-joachim-og-prinsesse-marie/hkh-prins-joachim|access-date=2021-01-18|website=Kongehuset|language=da|archive-date=17 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117123610/https://kongehuset.dk/den-kongelige-familie/prins-joachim-og-prinsesse-marie/hkh-prins-joachim|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[François Hollande]], [[President of France]]{{fact|date=August 2023}}, 2013<ref>{{Cite web|title=外国人叙勲受章者名簿 平成25年 (Gaikokujin jokun jushōsha meibo Heisei 25-nen)|trans-title=Non-Japanese Honorees, 2013 (Heisei 25th year)|url=https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/protocol/jokun_h25.html|access-date=2021-01-18|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan|language=ja|archive-date=5 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205104847/https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/protocol/jokun_h25.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Mauricio Macri]], [[President of Argentina]]{{fact|date=August 2023}}, 2017<ref>{{Cite web|title=外国人叙勲受章者名簿 平成29年 (Gaikokujin jokun jushōsha meibo Heisei 29-nen)|trans-title=Non-Japanese Honoree, 2017|url=https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/ms/po/page25_000707.html|access-date=2021-01-18|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan|language=ja|archive-date=5 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505213844/https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/ms/po/page25_000707.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
⚫
* [[Salman of Saudi Arabia|Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud]], [[King of Saudi Arabia]]{{fact|date=August 2023}}, 2017<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-03-13|title=King Salman to hold talks with Japanese premier today|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1067571/saudi-arabia|access-date=2021-01-18|website=Arab News|language=en|archive-date=18 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518234227/https://www.arabnews.com/node/1067571/saudi-arabia|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Toomas Hendrik Ilves]], [[President of Estonia]]{{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Toomas Hendrik Ilves]], [[President of Estonia]]{{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Valdas Adamkus]], [[President of Lithuania]]<ref>{{cite web|title=President of the Republic of Lithuania – Biography|url=http://www.president.lt/family/?prn=1|publisher=Government of Lithuania|access-date=9 August 2007|archive-date=27 September 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927193331/http://www.president.lt/family/?prn=1|url-status=live}}<!-- Bot generated title --></ref>
* [[Valdas Adamkus]], [[President of Lithuania]]{{fact|date=August 2023}}<ref>{{cite web|title=President of the Republic of Lithuania – Biography|url=http://www.president.lt/family/?prn=1|publisher=Government of Lithuania|access-date=9 August 2007|archive-date=27 September 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927193331/http://www.president.lt/family/?prn=1|url-status=live}}<!-- Bot generated title --></ref>
* [[Aleksander Kwaśniewski]], [[President of Poland]]<ref>{{cite web|date=16 August 2007|title=Polish presidential web page|url=http://www.president.pl/x.node?id=3042622|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070816070055/http://www.president.pl/x.node?id=3042622|archive-date=16 August 2007}}</ref>
* [[Aleksander Kwaśniewski]], [[President of Poland]]<ref>{{cite web|date=16 August 2007|title=Polish presidential web page|url=http://www.president.pl/x.node?id=3042622|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070816070055/http://www.president.pl/x.node?id=3042622|archive-date=16 August 2007}}</ref>
* [[Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga]], [[President of Latvia]]{{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga]], [[President of Latvia]]{{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Gloria Macapagal Arroyo]], [[President of the Philippines]]{{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Gloria Macapagal Arroyo]], [[President of the Philippines]]{{fact|date=August 2023}}
⚫
* [[Muhammad Ayub Khan]], [[president of Pakistan]]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h1E8AQAAIAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PP177&dq=hirohito+pakistan&hl=en |title=Pakistan Affairs |date=1959 |publisher=Information Division, Embassy of Pakistan. |language=en}}</ref> (reportedly)
* [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]], [[President of Kazakhstan]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-11-15|title=The Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Japan|url=http://www.embkazjp.org/additionalpages/special25062008.htm|access-date=2021-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091115153311/http://www.embkazjp.org/additionalpages/special25062008.htm|archive-date=15 November 2009}}</ref>
⚫
* [[Mauricio Macri]], [[President of Argentina]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=外国人叙勲受章者名簿 平成29年 (Gaikokujin jokun jushōsha meibo Heisei 29-nen)|trans-title=Non-Japanese Honoree, 2017|url=https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/ms/po/page25_000707.html|access-date=2021-01-18|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan|language=ja|archive-date=5 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505213844/https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/ms/po/page25_000707.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Fernando Henrique Cardoso]], [[President of Brazil]]{{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Fernando Henrique Cardoso]], [[President of Brazil]]{{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway]]{{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway]]{{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Beatrix of the Netherlands]]{{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Beatrix of the Netherlands]]{{fact|date=August 2023}}
⚫
* [[Frederik X]], King of Denmark{{fact|date=August 2023}}, 2024<ref>{{cite web|title=Danish Crown Prince website|url=http://kongehuset.dk/Den-kongelige-familie/Kronprinsparret/HKH-Kronprins-Frederik|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120519111107/http://kongehuset.dk/Den-kongelige-familie/Kronprinsparret/HKH-Kronprins-Frederik|archive-date=19 May 2012}}</ref>


=== Collar (deceased) ===
=== Collar (deceased) ===
Line 327: Line 334:
* [[Bhumibol Adulyadej]], King of Thailand (1946–2016){{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Bhumibol Adulyadej]], King of Thailand (1946–2016){{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani]], Emir of Qatar, 1984 (1932–2016){{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani]], Emir of Qatar, 1984 (1932–2016){{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah]], Emir of Kuwait, 2012 or 2017{{fact|date=August 2024}} (1929–2020)<ref>{{Cite book|url={{Google books|YtfyBo4CrY0C|plainurl=yes}}|title=Martyrs in Paradise: Woman of Mass Destruction|first=Terry Reese|last=Downing|date=29 November 2009|publisher=AuthorHouse|isbn=9781449008819|access-date=29 September 2020|via=Google Books|archive-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004144558/https://books.google.com/books?id=YtfyBo4CrY0C&pg=PA343&dq=Sheikh+Sabah+IV+Ahmad+Al-Jaber+Al-Sabah&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjKh8qq5fDUAhXGC5oKHX4OD0gQ6AEIQjAH#v=onepage&q=Sheikh+Sabah+IV+Ahmad+Al-Jaber+Al-Sabah&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah]], Emir of Kuwait, 2012 (1929–2020){{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Elizabeth II]], [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|Queen of the United Kingdom]], 1962 (1926–2022)<ref name="burke">{{cite web|last=Bortrick|first=William|year=2009|title=The Royal Family – HM Queen Elizabeth II|url=http://www.burkespeerage.com/articles/peerage/page62-6a.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091201030448/http://www.burkespeerage.com/articles/peerage/page62-6a.aspx|archive-date=1 December 2009|work=Burke's Peerage & Gentry}}</ref>
* [[Elizabeth II]], [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|Queen of the United Kingdom]], 1962 (1926–2022)<ref name="burke">{{cite web|last=Bortrick|first=William|year=2009|title=The Royal Family – HM Queen Elizabeth II|url=http://www.burkespeerage.com/articles/peerage/page62-6a.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091201030448/http://www.burkespeerage.com/articles/peerage/page62-6a.aspx|archive-date=1 December 2009|work=Burke's Peerage & Gentry}}</ref>
* [[Christian X of Denmark]], (1870–1947){{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Christian X of Denmark]], (1870–1947){{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Frederick IX of Denmark]], (1899–1972){{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Frederik IX of Denmark]], (1899–1972){{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Haakon VII of Norway]], (1872–1957){{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Haakon VII of Norway]], (1872–1957){{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Olav V of Norway]], (1903–1991){{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Olav V of Norway]], (1903–1991){{fact|date=August 2023}}
Line 408: Line 415:
* [[Prince Leopold Clement of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]] (1878–1916){{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Prince Leopold Clement of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]] (1878–1916){{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Bernhard III, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen]] (1851–1928){{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Bernhard III, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen]] (1851–1928){{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Prince Karl Anton of Hohenzollern]] (1868–1919){{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Prince Karl Anton of Hohenzollern (died 1919)|Prince Karl Anton of Hohenzollern]] (1868–1919){{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Otto von Bismarck]] (1815–1898){{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Otto von Bismarck]] (1815–1898){{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Miklós Horthy]] (1868–1957){{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Miklós Horthy]] (1868–1957){{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Christian IX of Denmark]] (1818–1906){{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Christian IX of Denmark]] (1818–1906){{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Frederick VIII of Denmark]] (1843–1912){{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Frederik VIII of Denmark]] (1843–1912){{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Prince Valdemar of Denmark]] (1858–1939){{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Prince Valdemar of Denmark]] (1858–1939){{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Henrik, Prince Consort of Denmark]] (1934–2018){{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Henrik, Prince Consort of Denmark]] (1934–2018){{fact|date=August 2023}}
Line 445: Line 452:
* [[Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn]] (1850–1942){{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn]] (1850–1942){{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Prince Himalaya of Nepal]] (1921–1980){{fact|date=August 2023}}
* [[Prince Himalaya of Nepal]] (1921–1980){{fact|date=August 2023}}
⚫
* [[Ayub Khan|Muhammad Ayub Khan]], [[president of Pakistan]]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h1E8AQAAIAAJ&dq=hirohito+pakistan&pg=PP177 |title=Pakistan Affairs |date=1959 |publisher=Information Division, Embassy of Pakistan. |language=en}}</ref> (reportedly)
*[[Horatio Herbert Kitchener]] (1850-1916)


== See also ==
== See also ==
Line 479: Line 488:
{{DEFAULTSORT:Order Of The Chrysanthemum}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Order Of The Chrysanthemum}}
[[Category:Orders, decorations, and medals of Japan|Chrysanthemum, Order of the]]
[[Category:Orders, decorations, and medals of Japan|Chrysanthemum, Order of the]]
[[Category:Empire of Japan]]
[[Category:Government of the Empire of Japan]]
[[Category:Awards established in 1876]]
[[Category:Awards established in 1876]]
[[Category:Orders of chivalry awarded to heads of state, consorts and sovereign family members|Chrysanthemum, Order of the]]
[[Category:Orders of chivalry awarded to heads of state, consorts and sovereign family members|Chrysanthemum, Order of the]]

Latest revision as of 16:13, 28 August 2024

Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum
大勲位菊花章
Dai-kun'i kikka-shō
Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum
Awarded by the Emperor of Japan
Country Japan
Awarded forExceptionally meritorious achievement/service
StatusCurrently constituted
Founder27 December 1876; 147 years ago (1876-12-27)
SovereignHM The Emperor
GradesCollar
Grand Cordon
Precedence
Next (higher)None (highest)
Next (lower)Order of the Paulownia Flowers

Ribbon of the Order

The Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum (大勲位菊花章, Dai-kun'i kikka-shō) is Japan's highest order. The Grand Cordon of the Order was established in 1876 by Emperor Meiji of Japan; the Collar of the Order was added on 4 January 1888. Unlike its European counterparts, the order may be conferred posthumously.

Apart from the Imperial Family, only seven Japanese citizens have ever been decorated with the collar in their lifetimes; the last such award was to former Prime Minister Saionji Kinmochi in 1928. Eight others have been posthumously decorated with the collar; the last such award was to former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe in 2022.[1] Today, only the reigning Emperor holds this dignity as sovereign of the order; however, exceptions are made for foreign heads of state, who can be awarded the collar in friendship.

The grand cordon is the highest possible honour a Japanese citizen can be awarded during his or her lifetime. Aside from members of the Imperial Family, 53 Japanese citizens have been decorated with the grand cordon; of these, only 23 were living at the time of receipt.

Insignia

[edit]

The collar of the order is made of gold, and features the kanji for "Meiji", in classic form, indicating the era of the order's establishment. It is decorated with gold chrysanthemum blossoms and green-enameled leaves.

The sash of the grand cordon of the order is red with dark blue border stripes. It is worn on the right shoulder.

The star of the order is similar to the badge, but in silver, without the chrysanthemum suspension, and with an eight-pointed gilt medallion (with white-enameled rays and red-enameled sun disc) placed at the center. It is worn on the left chest.

The badge of the order is a four-pointed gilt badge with white-enameled rays; the center bears a red enameled sun disc. On each of the four corners of the badge is a yellow-enameled chrysanthemum blossom with green-enameled chrysanthemum leaves. The badge is suspended on a yellow-enameled chrysanthemum, either on the collar or on the grand cordon.

Ribbon bars

Collar
Grand Cordon

Grades

[edit]
Name and image Enactment date Purpose of the award
大勲位菊花章頸飾(だいくんい きっかしょう けいしょく)
Collar of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum
 4 January 1888 It is said to be "a special gift for those decorated with the Supreme Order."[2][a]
大勲位菊花大綬章(だいくんい きっか だいじゅしょう)
Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum

badge (top), star (bottom right), rosette (bottom left)
 27 December 1876 "Specially awarded... to those who have excellent merit, above the merit for which the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun or the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasures would be awarded".[3]
大勲位菊花章(だいくんい きっかしょう)
Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum
 27 December 1876 It has never been awarded on its own, instead it has been treated as the star of the Grand Cordon and of the Collar;

officially incorporated as the star of both grades in the 2003 institutional reform.

Sovereigns

[edit]
Information from the corresponding article in the Japanese Wikipedia[unreliable source?]
  • Emperor Meiji (Sovereign from 27 December 1876)
  • Emperor Taishō (Grand Cordon 3 November 1889; Collar 10 May 1900; Sovereign from 30 July 1912)
  • Emperor Shōwa (Grand Cordon 9 September 1912; Collar as Regent 24 September 1921; Sovereign from 25 December 1926)
  • Emperor Akihito (Grand Cordon 10 November 1952; Sovereign from 7 January 1989 to 30 April 2019)
  • Emperor Naruhito (Grand Cordon 23 February 1980; Sovereign since 1 May 2019)

Awards of the Collar of the Order of the Chrysanthemum to members of the Imperial Family and royalty

[edit]
Information from the corresponding article in the Japanese Wikipedia[unreliable source?]

Awards made to imperial princes while living

[edit]

Posthumous awards to imperial princes

[edit]

Posthumous award to foreign royalty

[edit]

Award to foreign royalty

[edit]

Awards of the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Chrysanthemum to members of the Imperial Family and royalty

[edit]
Information from the corresponding article in the Japanese Wikipedia[unreliable source?]

Awards made to imperial princes while living

[edit]

Posthumous awards to imperial princes

[edit]

Awards to foreign royalty

[edit]

Ordinary awards of the Collar of the Order of the Chrysanthemum

[edit]
Marshal-Admiral Marquis Tōgō Heihachirō, with the Collar of the Order of the Chrysanthemum. Tōgō was one of only seven subjects to whom the Collar was awarded while living.
Information incorporated from the corresponding article in the Japanese Wikipedia[unreliable source?]

Awards made to living individuals

[edit]

Posthumous awards

[edit]
* : Awarded with the Grand Cordon[4]

Ordinary awards of the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Chrysanthemum

[edit]
Incorporates information from the corresponding article in the Japanese Wikipedia[unreliable source?]

Awards made to living recipients

[edit]
Marquis Saigō Tsugumichi
* : Later awarded the Collar
⁑ : Posthumously awarded the Collar

Posthumous awards

[edit]
Masayoshi Ōhira
* : Awarded with the Collar[4]

Foreign recipients of the Order of the Chrysanthemum

[edit]
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Collar

[edit]

Grand Cordon

[edit]

Collar (deceased)

[edit]
Queen Elizabeth II
Dwight D. Eisenhower

Grand Cordon (deceased)

[edit]
Benito Mussolini

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ すなわち、大勲位菊花大綬章受章者であることが授与の条件である。(In other words, being a recipient of the Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum is a prerequisite for the award.)
  2. ^ Promoted from Grand Cordon in 1987.
  3. ^ Decoration probably conferred during 1969 State Visit to Japan – no specific citation support.
  4. ^ Promoted from Grand Cordon awarded in 1955.
  5. ^ Awarded October 1887.[28]

References

[edit]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ "Japan honors ex-PM Abe with highest decoration, wake held in Tokyo". Archived from the original on 11 July 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  2. ^ Article 2.1, Imperial Ordinance No. 1 of Meiji 21st (1881) (Order of the Precious Crown and Collar of the Supreme Chrysanthemum) (明治21年勅令第1号（宝冠章及大勲位菊花章頸飾ニ関スル件）2条1項, Meiji 21-nen Chokurei dai-1-go (Hōkanshō oyobi dai-kun’i kikka-shō keishoku ni kansuru ken) 2-jō 1-kō)
  3. ^ 勲章の授与基準、2003年（平成15年）5月20日閣議決定 [Criteria for awarding medals, Cabinet decision, as of 20 May 2003 (Heisei 15th year)] (PDF). 20 May 2003. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 November 2021. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
  4. ^ a b 安倍元首相に「大勲位菊花章頸飾」授与決定 戦後4人目 (in Japanese). NHK. 11 July 2022. Archived from the original on 11 July 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
  5. ^ Ye Wanyong. Kotobank
  6. ^ Order awarded 26 May 1994, mentioned in his biography in : The official publication (PDF). the Belgian Senate. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2011.
  7. ^ "外国人叙勲受章者名簿 平成22年 (Gaikokujin jokun jushō-sha meibo 2010 (Heisei 22-nen) )" [Non-Japanese Honoree, 2010 (Heisei 22nd Year)]. www.mofa.go.jp. Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan). Archived from the original on 5 October 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
  8. ^ "外国人叙勲受章者名簿 平成26年 (Gaikokujin jokun jushō-sha meibo Heisei 26-nen (2014))" [Non-Japanese honoree, 2014 (Heisei 26th Year)]. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 8 October 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
  9. ^ "官報 第1251号". Kanpō (Japanese government gazette). 26 June 2024. Archived from the original on 26 June 2024. Retrieved 26 June 2024.
  10. ^ Order awarded 5 Oct. 1971: "Regiments: British, Empire, Commonwealth". Archived from the original on 23 January 2008.
  11. ^ Order awarded 26 May 1994, mentioned in his biography in : The official publication (PDF). the Belgian Senate. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2011.
  12. ^ "HRH Prince Carl Philip".
  13. ^ "外国人叙勲受章者名簿 平成26年 (Gaikokujin jokun jushō-sha meibo Heisei 26-nen (2014))" [Non-Japanese honoree, 2014 (Heisei 26th Year)]. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 8 October 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
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Sources

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