Harry Crookshank: Difference between revisions

The Right Honourable
The Viscount Crookshank
CH PC
The Right Honourable The Viscount Crookshank CH PC
Minister of Health
	In office; 30 October 1951 – 7 May 1952
Prime Minister	Winston Churchill
Preceded by	Hilary Marquand
Succeeded by	Iain Macleod
Leader of the House of Commons
	In office; 30 October 1951 – 20 December 1955
Prime Minister	Winston Churchill; Sir Anthony Eden
Preceded by	James Chuter Ede
Succeeded by	Rab Butler
Personal details
Born	27 May 1893; Cairo, Khedivate of Egypt
Died	17 October 1961 (aged 68); Chelsea, London
Nationality	British
Political party	Conservative
Alma mater	Magdalen College, Oxford

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Harry Frederick Comfort Crookshank, 1st Viscount Crookshank, CH, PC (27 May 1893 – 17 October 1961), was a British Conservative politician. He was Minister of Health between 1951 and 1952 and Leader of the House of Commons between 1951 and 1955.

Background and education

Crookshank was born in Cairo, Egypt, the son of Harry Maule Crookshank and Emma, daughter of Major Samuel Comfort, of New York City. On his father's side, he descended from Alexander Crookshank, of County Longford, Ireland, who represented Belfast in the Irish House of Commons and served as a Justice of the Court of Common Pleas in Ireland. He was educated at Eton and Magdalen College, Oxford. In the First World War, he joined the Hampshire Regiment and served as a captain in the Grenadier Guards.^{[citation needed]} On one occasion he was buried alive by an explosion for twenty minutes, and on another in 1916 he was castrated by shrapnel, requiring him to wear a surgical truss for the rest of his life.^[1] He was awarded by Serbia the Order of the White Eagle and Gold Medal for Valour.^[2]

He joined the Diplomatic Service in 1919 and worked at the British Embassy in Washington, D.C., until 1924.

Political career

Crookshank was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Gainsborough in 1924, a seat he held for the next 32 years.^[3] He entered the government as Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department in 1934 under Ramsay MacDonald. When Stanley Baldwin became prime minister in 1935 Crookshank was appointed Secretary for Mines, a post he retained when Neville Chamberlain became prime minister in 1937 until February 1939. Crookshank called Chamberlain "crazed and hypnotised by a loony" to have accepted the Munich Agreement and sent a letter of resignation in protest, but was convinced to rescind it.^[4] In the latter year, he was sworn of the Privy Council^[5] and made Financial Secretary to the Treasury. He continued in this post also when Winston Churchill came to power in 1940, and was then Postmaster General under Churchill between 1943 and 1945.^[3] In 1942 he was offered the post of British Minister Resident in the Mediterranean at Algiers following the liberation of Algeria by Operation Torch but he declined, Harold Macmillan being appointed instead.^[6]

When the Conservatives returned to office under Churchill in 1951, Crookshank was appointed Minister of Health and Leader of the House of Commons, with a seat in the cabinet. In 1952 exchanged his post at the Ministry of Health for the sinecure post of Lord Privy Seal, while he remained as Commons Leader. He continued in these two positions until December 1955, the last year under the premiership of Sir Anthony Eden.^{[citation needed]} In the 1955 New Year Honours he was made a Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour.^[7]^[3] He retired from the House of Commons in 1956 and was raised to the peerage as the Viscount Crookshank, of Gainsborough in the County of Lincoln, in January of that year.^[3]^[8] He had been offered a peerage in February 1940 but declined, having considered it at the time an insult because his First World War wounds had left him incapable of fathering any heir to a title.^[9]

Papers released by The National Archives, London, November 2007, show that Crookshank, with Harold Macmillan, led a faction within the third Churchill ministry who opposed what they perceived to be an attempt to bounce the Cabinet into a premature decision to authorise a British thermonuclear bomb programme in July 1954.^{[citation needed]}

Personal life

Lord Crookshank was a Scottish Rite Freemason and Grand Master of Lincolnshire.^[10]

Incapable as result of his First World War wounds of fathering children, Crookshank was a lifelong bachelor. He was also (not publicly) known as a homosexual and caused a near scandal when a male lover of his was adopted as Conservative Party candidate for the Grimsby constituency in 1958 but later withdrawn.^[9]^[11] According to Chris Bryant he was a member of the Glamour Boys.^[12]

His home from 1937 was at 51 Pont Street, Kensington, London, where in 1947 he hosted a meeting of like-minded backbench MPs who unsuccessfully demanded Churchill's removal as Leader of the Conservative Party.^[9]

He died of cancer^[9] at Chelsea, London, in October 1961, aged 68. The viscountcy died with him.^{[citation needed]} Having been since 1960 High Steward of the City of Westminster, his funeral service took place at Westminster Abbey, followed by burial at Lincoln Cathedral.^[9] His sister, Helen Elizabeth Comfort Crookshank (1895–1948), lies next to him.

Coat of arms of Harry Crookshank
	Crest A dexter cubit arm in armour the hand naked holding a dagger in bend sinister Proper hilt and pommel Or. Escutcheon Or three boars' heads erased Sable armed and langued Azure a bordure of the second. Motto Conferre Gladio^[13]

References

^ Ball 2004, p. 41, 60
^ Dictionary of National Biography, 1961–1970. Oxford University Press. 1971. p. 249. ISBN 0-19-865207-0.Article by Viscount Chandos.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Crookshank 1st Viscount cr 1956, of Gainsborough (Harry Frederick Comfort Crookshank)". Who's Who. A & C Black. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^ Bouverie, Tim (2019). Appeasement: Chamberlain, Hitler, Churchill, and the Road to War (1 ed.). New York: Tim Duggan Books. p. 288. ISBN 978-0-451-49984-4. OCLC 1042099346
^ "No. 34595". The London Gazette. 3 February 1939. p. 751.
^ Horne, Alistair (1988). Macmillan Volume I: 1894–1956. Macmillan. pp. 151–160. ISBN 978-0-333-27691-4.
^ "No. 40366". The London Gazette (Supplement). 1 January 1955. p. 28.
^ "No. 40684". The London Gazette. 13 January 1956. p. 278.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Ball, S. J. "Crookshank, Harry Frederick Comfort, first Viscount Crookshank (1893–1961)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/32641. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^ Walton Hannah, Christian by Degrees (London: Britons Publishing Company, 1954), 211.
^ The Conservative candidate for Grimsby at the 1959 and 1964 elections, Wilfred Pearson, was not the same man.
^ Millen, Robbie. "The Glamour Boys by Chris Bryant review — the gay MPS who stood up to Hitler".
^ Burke's Peerage. 1959.

Books cited

Ball, Simon (2004). The Guardsmen. London: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-00-257110-4. (a joint biography of Harold Macmillan, Lord Salisbury, Oliver Lyttelton and Crookshank)

External links

Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Harry Crookshank

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Sir Richard Winfrey	Member of Parliament for Gainsborough 1924–1956	Succeeded by Marcus Kimball
Political offices
Preceded by Douglas Hacking	Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department 1934–1935	Succeeded by Euan Wallace
Preceded by Ernest Brown	Secretary for Mines 1935–1939	Succeeded by Geoffrey Lloyd
Preceded by Euan Wallace	Financial Secretary to the Treasury 1939–1943	Succeeded by Ralph Assheton
Preceded by William Morrison	Postmaster General 1943–1945	Succeeded by The Earl of Listowel
Preceded by Hilary Marquand	Minister of Health 1951–1952	Succeeded by Iain Macleod
Preceded by Chuter Ede	Leader of the House of Commons 1951–1955	Succeeded by Rab Butler
Preceded by The Marquess of Salisbury	Lord Privy Seal 1952–1955	Succeeded by Rab Butler
Peerage of the United Kingdom
New creation	Viscount Crookshank 1956–1961	Extinct

[1] Ball 2004, p. 41, 60

[2] Dictionary of National Biography, 1961–1970. Oxford University Press. 1971. p. 249. ISBN 0-19-865207-0.Article by Viscount Chandos.

[WW-3] "Crookshank 1st Viscount cr 1956, of Gainsborough (Harry Frederick Comfort Crookshank)". Who's Who. A & C Black. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

[4] Bouverie, Tim (2019). Appeasement: Chamberlain, Hitler, Churchill, and the Road to War (1 ed.). New York: Tim Duggan Books. p. 288. ISBN 978-0-451-49984-4. OCLC 1042099346

[5] "No. 34595". The London Gazette. 3 February 1939. p. 751.

[6] Horne, Alistair (1988). Macmillan Volume I: 1894–1956. Macmillan. pp. 151–160. ISBN 978-0-333-27691-4.

[7] "No. 40366". The London Gazette (Supplement). 1 January 1955. p. 28.

[8] "No. 40684". The London Gazette. 13 January 1956. p. 278.

[odnb-9] Ball, S. J. "Crookshank, Harry Frederick Comfort, first Viscount Crookshank (1893–1961)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/32641. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

[10] Walton Hannah, Christian by Degrees (London: Britons Publishing Company, 1954), 211.

[11] The Conservative candidate for Grimsby at the 1959 and 1964 elections, Wilfred Pearson, was not the same man.

[12] Millen, Robbie. "The Glamour Boys by Chris Bryant review — the gay MPS who stood up to Hitler".

[13] Burke's Peerage. 1959.

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@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 | term_start1      = 30 October 1951
 | term_end1        = 7 May 1952
-| monarch1         = [[George VI]]<br />[[Elizabeth II]]
 | primeminister1   = Winston Churchill
 | predecessor1     = [[Hilary Marquand]]
@@ Line 17: / Line 16: @@
 | term_start2      = 30 October 1951
 | term_end2        = 20 December 1955
-| monarch2         = George VI<br />Elizabeth II
 | primeminister2   = Winston Churchill<br />Sir Anthony Eden
 | predecessor2     = [[James Chuter Ede]]
 | successor2       = [[Rab Butler]]
 | birth_date       = {{birth-date|27 May 1893}}
-| birth_place      = [[Cairo]], Egypt
+| birth_place      = [[Cairo]], [[Khedivate of Egypt]]
 | death_date       = {{death-date and age|17 October 1961|27 May 1893}}
 | death_place      = [[Chelsea, London]]
@@ Line 38: / Line 36: @@
 ==Political career==
-Crookshank was elected [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] (MP) for [[Gainsborough (UK Parliament constituency)|Gainsborough]] in 1924, a seat he held for the next 32 years.<ref name="rayment">{{Cite web |url=http://www.leighrayment.com/commons/Gcommons1.htm |title=leighrayment.com House of Commons: Gainsborough to Goole |access-date=18 September 2010 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713200634/http://www.leighrayment.com/commons/Gcommons1.htm |archive-date=13 July 2011 }}</ref> He entered the government as [[Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department]] in 1934 under [[Ramsay MacDonald]]. When [[Stanley Baldwin]] became prime minister in 1935 Crookshank was appointed [[Secretary for Mines]], a post he retained when [[Neville Chamberlain]] became prime minister in 1937 until February 1939. Crookshank called Chamberlain "crazed and hypnotised by a loony" to have accepted the [[Munich Agreement]] and sent a letter of resignation in protest, but was convinced to rescind it.<ref>Bouverie, Tim (2019). ''Appeasement: Chamberlain, Hitler, Churchill, and the Road to War'' (1 ed.). New York: [[Tim Duggan Books]]. p. 288. {{ISBN|978-0-451-49984-4}}. {{OCLC|1042099346}}</ref> In the latter year, he was sworn of the [[Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council|Privy Council]]<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=34595 |date=3 February 1939 |page=751 }}</ref> and made [[Financial Secretary to the Treasury]]. He continued in this post also when [[Winston Churchill]] came to power in 1940,<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20080608045321/http://www.leighrayment.com/peers/peersC7.htm leighrayment.com Peerage: Cowper to Cutts of Gowran]}}</ref> and was then [[United Kingdom Postmaster General|Postmaster General]] under Churchill between 1943 and 1945.{{citation needed|date=October 2020}} In 1942 he was offered the post of British Minister Resident in the Mediterranean at [[Algiers]] following the liberation of Algeria by [[Operation Torch]] but he declined, [[Harold Macmillan]] being appointed instead.<ref>{{cite book|last=Horne|first=Alistair|title=Macmillan Volume I: 1894–1956|year=1988|publisher=Macmillan|pages=151–160|isbn=978-0-333-27691-4}}</ref>
+Crookshank was elected [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] (MP) for [[Gainsborough (UK Parliament constituency)|Gainsborough]] in 1924, a seat he held for the next 32 years.<ref name="WW">{{Who's Who|title=Crookshank 1st Viscount cr 1956, of Gainsborough (Harry Frederick Comfort Crookshank)|id=U49877}}</ref> He entered the government as [[Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department]] in 1934 under [[Ramsay MacDonald]]. When [[Stanley Baldwin]] became prime minister in 1935 Crookshank was appointed [[Secretary for Mines]], a post he retained when [[Neville Chamberlain]] became prime minister in 1937 until February 1939. Crookshank called Chamberlain "crazed and hypnotised by a loony" to have accepted the [[Munich Agreement]] and sent a letter of resignation in protest, but was convinced to rescind it.<ref>Bouverie, Tim (2019). ''Appeasement: Chamberlain, Hitler, Churchill, and the Road to War'' (1 ed.). New York: [[Tim Duggan Books]]. p. 288. {{ISBN|978-0-451-49984-4}}. {{OCLC|1042099346}}</ref> In the latter year, he was sworn of the [[Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council|Privy Council]]<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=34595 |date=3 February 1939 |page=751 }}</ref> and made [[Financial Secretary to the Treasury]]. He continued in this post also when [[Winston Churchill]] came to power in 1940, and was then [[United Kingdom Postmaster General|Postmaster General]] under Churchill between 1943 and 1945.<ref name="WW"/> In 1942 he was offered the post of British Minister Resident in the Mediterranean at [[Algiers]] following the liberation of Algeria by [[Operation Torch]] but he declined, [[Harold Macmillan]] being appointed instead.<ref>{{cite book|last=Horne|first=Alistair|title=Macmillan Volume I: 1894–1956|year=1988|publisher=Macmillan|pages=151–160|isbn=978-0-333-27691-4}}</ref>
-When the Conservatives returned to office under Churchill in 1951, Crookshank was appointed [[Secretary of State for Health|Minister of Health]] and [[Leader of the House of Commons]], with a seat in the cabinet. In 1952 exchanged his post at the [[Department of Health and Social Care|Ministry of Health]] for the sinecure post of [[Lord Privy Seal]], while he remained as Commons Leader. He continued in these two positions until December 1955, the last year under the premiership of [[Anthony Eden|Sir Anthony Eden]].{{citation needed|date=October 2020}} In the [[1955 New Year Honours]] he was made a [[Companion of Honour]].<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=40366 |date=1 January 1955 |page=28 |supp=y}}</ref><ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20080926113647/http://www.leighrayment.com/misc/compofhonor.htm leighrayment.com Companions of Honour]}}</ref> He retired from the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]] in 1956<ref name="rayment"/> and was raised to the peerage as the '''Viscount Crookshank''', of [[Gainsborough, Lincolnshire|Gainsborough]] in the [[County of Lincoln]], in January of that year.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=40684 |date=13 January 1956 |page=278 }}</ref> He had been offered a peerage in February 1940 but declined, having considered it at the time an insult because his First World War wounds had left him incapable of fathering any heir to a title.<ref name=odnb>{{cite book|title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Volume 14|year=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=403}}Article by S.J. Ball.</ref>
+When the Conservatives returned to office under Churchill in 1951, Crookshank was appointed [[Secretary of State for Health|Minister of Health]] and [[Leader of the House of Commons]], with a seat in the cabinet. In 1952 exchanged his post at the [[Department of Health and Social Care|Ministry of Health]] for the sinecure post of [[Lord Privy Seal]], while he remained as Commons Leader. He continued in these two positions until December 1955, the last year under the premiership of [[Anthony Eden|Sir Anthony Eden]].{{citation needed|date=October 2020}} In the [[1955 New Year Honours]] he was made a [[Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour]].<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=40366 |date=1 January 1955 |page=28 |supp=y}}</ref><ref name="WW"/> He retired from the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]] in 1956 and was raised to the peerage as the '''Viscount Crookshank''', of [[Gainsborough, Lincolnshire|Gainsborough]] in the [[County of Lincoln]], in January of that year.<ref name="WW"/><ref>{{London Gazette |issue=40684 |date=13 January 1956 |page=278 }}</ref> He had been offered a peerage in February 1940 but declined, having considered it at the time an insult because his First World War wounds had left him incapable of fathering any heir to a title.<ref name=odnb>{{cite ODNB|id=32641 |title=Crookshank, Harry Frederick Comfort, first Viscount Crookshank (1893–1961) |first=S. J. |last=Ball}}</ref>
 Papers released by [[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|The National Archives, London]], November 2007, show that Crookshank, with [[Harold Macmillan]], led a faction within the [[third Churchill ministry]] who opposed what they perceived to be an attempt to bounce the Cabinet into a premature decision to authorise a [[British hydrogen bomb programme|British thermonuclear bomb programme]] in July 1954.{{Citation needed|date=September 2010}}
@@ Line 47: / Line 45: @@
 Lord Crookshank was a [[Scottish Rite]] [[Freemason]] and Grand Master of Lincolnshire.<ref>[[Walton Hannah]], ''Christian by Degrees'' (London: [[The Britons|Britons Publishing Company]], 1954), 211.</ref>
-Incapable as result of his First World War wounds of fathering children, Crookshank was a lifelong bachelor. He was also (not publicly) known as a [[Homosexuality|homosexual]] and caused a near scandal when a male lover of his was adopted as [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] candidate for the [[Grimsby (UK Parliament constituency)|Grimsby constituency]] in 1958 but later withdrawn.<ref name=odnb /><ref>The Conservative candidate for Grimsby at the 1959 and 1964 elections, Wilfred Pearson, was not the same man.</ref>
+Incapable as result of his First World War wounds of fathering children, Crookshank was a lifelong bachelor. He was also (not publicly) known as a [[Homosexuality|homosexual]] and caused a near scandal when a male lover of his was adopted as [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] candidate for the [[Grimsby (UK Parliament constituency)|Grimsby constituency]] in 1958 but later withdrawn.<ref name=odnb /><ref>The Conservative candidate for Grimsby at the 1959 and 1964 elections, Wilfred Pearson, was not the same man.</ref> According to [[Chris Bryant]] he was a member of the [[Glamour Boys (politicians)|Glamour Boys]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-glamour-boys-by-chris-bryant-review-03gwgtbh9 | title=The Glamour Boys by Chris Bryant review — the gay MPS who stood up to Hitler | last1=Millen | first1=Robbie }}</ref>
-According to [[Chris Bryant]] he was gay and was a member of the [[Glamour Boys (politicians)|Glamour Boys]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-glamour-boys-by-chris-bryant-review-03gwgtbh9 | title=The Glamour Boys by Chris Bryant review — the gay MPS who stood up to Hitler | last1=Millen | first1=Robbie }}</ref>
 His home from 1937 was at 51 [[Pont Street]], [[Kensington, London]], where in 1947 he hosted a meeting of like-minded backbench MPs who unsuccessfully demanded Churchill's removal as [[Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)|Leader of the Conservative Party]].<ref name=odnb />
@@ Line 106: / Line 102: @@
 {{Authority control}}
-{{DEFAULTSORT:Crookshank, Harry Crookshank, 1st Viscount}}
+{{DEFAULTSORT:Crookshank, Harry}}
 [[Category:1893 births]]
 [[Category:1961 deaths]]
+[[Category:Royal Hampshire Regiment soldiers]]
+[[Category:20th-century English LGBT people]]
 [[Category:British Army personnel of World War I]]
 [[Category:Castrated people]]
@@ Line 136: / Line 134: @@
 [[Category:UK MPs 1955–1959|Crookshank, Harry]]
 [[Category:UK MPs who were granted peerages]]
-[[Category:United Kingdom Postmasters General]]
+[[Category:Postmasters general of the United Kingdom]]
 [[Category:LGBT members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom]]
 [[Category:LGBT peers]]
-[[Category:English LGBT politicians]]
+[[Category:English LGBTQ politicians]]
+[[Category:Burials at Lincoln Cathedral]]

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Ministers of Health	Christopher Addison Alfred Mond Arthur Griffith-Boscawen Neville Chamberlain William Joynson-Hicks John Wheatley Neville Chamberlain Arthur Greenwood Neville Chamberlain Hilton Young Kingsley Wood Walter Elliot Malcolm MacDonald Ernest Brown Henry Willink Aneurin Bevan Hilary Marquand Harry Crookshank Iain Macleod Robin Turton Dennis Vosper Derek Walker-Smith Enoch Powell Anthony Barber Kenneth Robinson
Secretaries of State for Social Services	Richard Crossman Sir Keith Joseph Barbara Castle David Ennals Patrick Jenkin Norman Fowler John Moore
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Secretaries of State for Health and Social Care	Jeremy Hunt Matt Hancock Sajid Javid Steve Barclay Thérèse Coffey Steve Barclay Victoria Atkins Wes Streeting

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