Jump to content

Marc Delafontaine: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
m WP:STUBSPACING followup
 
(22 intermediate revisions by 12 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Swiss chemist (1838–1911)}}
⚫
{{Infobox scientist
{{Hatnote|For the Canadian comic creator, see [[Delaf]].}}
⚫
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Marc Delafontaine
| name = Marc Delafontaine
| image =
| image = Marc Delafontaine.jpg
| birth_date = March 31, 1837 or 1838
| birth_date = March 31, 1837 or 1838
| birth_place = [[Céligny]], [[Switzerland]]
| birth_place = [[Céligny]], [[Switzerland]]
| death_date =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| death_place =
| residence =
| residence =
| nationality = Swiss
| nationality = Swiss
| field =
| field =
| work_institutions = [[University of Geneva]]
| work_institutions = [[University of Geneva]]
| alma_mater =
| alma_mater =
|doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_advisor =
| awards =
| awards =
|known_for = [[holmium]]
|known_for = [[holmium]]
}}
}}


'''Marc Delafontaine''' (March 31, 1837/1838, [[Céligny]], [[Switzerland]]{{efn|name="b"}}–1911{{efn|name="d"}}) was a [[Switzerland|Swiss]] [[chemist]] and [[spectroscopist]] who was involved in discovering and investigating some of the [[rare earth elements]].
⚫
'''Marc Delafontaine''' (March 31, 1837/1838, [[Céligny]], [[Switzerland]]{{efn|name="b"}}–1911{{efn|name="d"}}) was a [[Switzerland|Swiss]] [[chemist]] and [[spectroscopist]] who in 1878, along with [[Jacques-Louis Soret]], first observed [[holmium]] spectroscopically.<ref name="Thornton">{{cite journal |last1=Thornton |first1=Brett F. |last2=Burdette |first2=Shawn C. |title=Homely holmium |journal=Nature Chemistry |date=20 May 2015 |volume=7 |issue=6 |pages=532–532 |doi=10.1038/nchem.2264 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nchem.2264}}</ref> In 1879, [[Per Teodor Cleve]] chemically separated it from [[thulium]] and [[erbium]]. All three men are given credit for the element's discovery.<ref name="Fontani">{{cite book | last1 = Fontani | first1 = Marco | last2 = Costa | first2 = Mariagrazia | last3 = Orna | first3 = Mary Virginia | year = 2014 | title = The Lost Elements: The Periodic Table’s Shadow Side | url = | publisher = Oxford University Press | page = 119–125 | isbn = 9780199383344}}</ref>


==Career==
⚫
In 1843 [[Carl Gustaf Mosander]] discovered [[terbium]] and [[erbium]] as components of [[yttria]].<ref name="Tansjö">{{cite book|author-first=Levi |author-last=Tansjö|chapter=Carl Gustaf Mosander and His Research on Rare Earths |editor-last1=Evans |editor-first1=C. H. |title=Episodes from the History of the Rare Earth Elements |date=December 6, 2012 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |pages=38-55 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EFzuCAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Mosander}}</ref>{{rp|38}}<ref name="Weeks">{{cite book |last1=Weeks |first1=Mary Elvira |title=The discovery of the elements |date=1956 |publisher=Journal of Chemical Education |location=Easton, PA |url=https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftheel002045mbp |edition=6th }}</ref>{{rp|701}}<ref>{{cite journal | author = Weeks, Mary Elvira |authorlink=Mary Elvira Weeks| title = The discovery of the elements: XVI. The rare earth elements | journal = Journal of Chemical Education | year = 1932 | volume = 9 | issue = 10 | pages = 1751&ndash;1773 | doi = 10.1021/ed009p1751 | bibcode=1932JChEd...9.1751W}}</ref><ref name="Marshall">{{cite book |last1=Marshall |first1=James L. |last2=Marshall |first2=Virginia R. |title=Science history : a traveler's guide|chapter=Northern Scandinavia: An Elemental Treasure Trove |date=October 31, 2014 |publisher=ACS Symposium Series|volume= 1179 |isbn=9780841230200 |pages=209-257 |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/bk-2014-1179.ch011?src=recsys}}</ref>
⚫
Delafontaine studied with [[Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac]] at the [[University of Geneva]]. He also worked at the University of Geneva.<ref name="Fontani" />
⚫
<ref name="Piguet">{{cite journal |last1=Piguet |first1=Claude |title=Extricating erbium |journal=Nature Chemistry |date=21 March 2014 |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=370–370 |doi=10.1038/nchem.1908 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nchem.1908?proof=trueIn |accessdate=13 December 2019}}</ref>

⚫
However, this discovery was hotly contested. Spectroscopist [[Nils Johan Berlin]] denied that the two elements existed, failing to confirm the existence of "erbia" and suggesting that its name be applied to "terbia".
Delafontaine moved to the United States of America, arriving in New York in 1870,<ref name="Weeks" /> and later becoming a naturalized citizen.<ref name="Fontani" />
⚫
In 1864, Marc Delafontaine used optical spectroscopy to conclusively prove that yttrium, terbium and erbium were separate elements.<ref name="Friend">{{cite book |last1=Friend |first1=John Newton |title=A Text-book of Inorganic Chemistry|volume= 4 |date=1917 |publisher=Griffin & Company |isbn=9781130017649 |pages=221-223 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CwxDAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA223}}</ref> Ironically, however, the confusion that had been introduced between the names continued. Mosander's proposed names were switched, giving the amethyst compound the name "erbium" oxide and the yellow substance the name "terbium" oxide, instead of the other way around as originally proposed.<ref name="Holden">{{cite journal
He taught in [[Chicago, Illinois]] at city high schools,<ref name="Weeks" /> and at a women's college.<ref name="Fontani" />
|last=Holden |first=Norman E.
He also worked as an analytical chemist with the
|date=2001-06-29
Chicago Police Department.<ref name="Weeks" />
|title=History of the Origin of the Chemical Elements and Their Discoverers

|url=https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/789650
==Research==
|publisher=[[Brookhaven National Laboratory]] (BNL)
===Holmium===
|location=[[Upton, New York]]
⚫
In 1878, along with [[Jacques-Louis Soret]], Delafontaine first observed [[holmium]] spectroscopically.<ref name="Thornton">{{Cite journal |last=Thornton |first=Brett F. |last2=Burdette |first2=Shawn C. |date=20 May 2015 |title=Homely holmium |journal=Nature Chemistry |volume=7 |issue=6 |pages=532 |bibcode=2015NatCh...7..532T |doi=10.1038/nchem.2264 |pmid=25991534 |doi-access=free}}</ref> In 1879, [[Per Teodor Cleve]] chemically separated it from [[thulium]] and [[erbium]]. All three men are given credit for the element's discovery.<ref name="Fontani">{{Cite book |last=Fontani |first=Marco |title=The Lost Elements: The Periodic Table's Shadow Side |last2=Costa |first2=Mariagrazia |last3=Orna |first3=Mary Virginia |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2014 |isbn=9780199383344 |pages=119–125}}</ref>
}}</ref><ref name="Krishnamurthy">{{cite book |last1=Krishnamurthy |first1=Nagaiyar |title=Extractive metallurgy of rare earths |date=December 16, 2015 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9781466576346 |pages=5-7 |edition=2nd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F0Bte_XhzoAC&pg=PA5}}</ref><ref name="Piguet"/><ref name="Friend"/>

===Yttrium, terbium and erbium===
⚫
In 1843, [[Carl Gustaf Mosander]] discovered [[terbium]] and [[erbium]] as components of [[yttria]].<ref name="Tansjö">{{Cite book |last=Tansjö |first=Levi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EFzuCAAAQBAJ&q=Mosander |title=Episodes from the History of the Rare Earth Elements |date=December 6, 2012 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9789400902879 |editor-last=Evans |editor-first=C. H. |pages=38–55 |chapter=Carl Gustaf Mosander and His Research on Rare Earths}}</ref>{{rp|38}}<ref name="Weeks">{{Cite book |last=Weeks |first=Mary Elvira |url=https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftheel002045mbp |title=The discovery of the elements |date=1956 |publisher=Journal of Chemical Education |edition=6th |location=Easton, PA}}</ref>{{rp|701}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Weeks, Mary Elvira |author-link=Mary Elvira Weeks |year=1932 |title=The discovery of the elements: XVI. The rare earth elements |journal=Journal of Chemical Education |volume=9 |issue=10 |pages=1751–1773 |bibcode=1932JChEd...9.1751W |doi=10.1021/ed009p1751}}</ref><ref name="Marshall">{{Cite book |last=Marshall |first=James L. |title=Science history : a traveler's guide |last2=Marshall |first2=Virginia R. |date=October 31, 2014 |publisher=ACS Symposium Series |isbn=9780841230200 |volume=1179 |pages=209–257 |chapter=Northern Scandinavia: An Elemental Treasure Trove |doi=10.1021/bk-2014-1179.ch011}}</ref>
⚫
<ref name="Piguet">{{Cite journal |last=Piguet |first=Claude |date=21 March 2014 |title=Extricating erbium |journal=Nature Chemistry |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=370 |bibcode=2014NatCh...6..370P |doi=10.1038/nchem.1908 |pmid=24651207 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
⚫
However, this discovery was hotly contested. Spectroscopist [[Nils Johan Berlin]] denied that the two elements existed, failing to confirm the existence of "erbia" and suggesting that its name be applied to "terbia".<ref name="Friend" />

⚫
In 1864, Marc Delafontaine used optical spectroscopy to conclusively prove that yttrium, terbium, and erbium were separate elements.<ref name="Friend">{{Cite book |last=Friend |first=John Newton |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CwxDAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA223 |title=A Text-book of Inorganic Chemistry |date=1917 |publisher=Griffin & Company |isbn=9781130017649 |volume=4 |pages=221–223}}</ref> Ironically, however, the confusion that had been introduced between the names continued. Mosander's proposed names were switched, giving the amethyst compound the name "erbium" oxide and the yellow substance the name "terbium" oxide, instead of the other way around as originally proposed.<ref name="Holden">{{Cite journal |last=Holden |first=Norman E. |date=2001-06-29 |title=History of the Origin of the Chemical Elements and Their Discoverers |url=https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/789650 |location=[[Upton, New York]] |publisher=[[Brookhaven National Laboratory]] (BNL)}}</ref><ref name="Krishnamurthy">{{Cite book |last=Krishnamurthy |first=Nagaiyar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F0Bte_XhzoAC&pg=PA5 |title=Extractive metallurgy of rare earths |date=December 16, 2015 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9781466576346 |edition=2nd |pages=5–7}}</ref><ref name="Piguet" /><ref name="Friend" />


⚫
Delafontaine studied with [[Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac]] at the [[University of Geneva]]. He worked at the University of Geneva, and later moved to the United States of America where he became a naturalized citizen. He taught at a women's college in [[Chicago, Illinois]].<ref name="Fontani"/>
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
Line 45: Line 52:
{{DEFAULTSORT:Delafontaine, Marc}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Delafontaine, Marc}}
[[Category:Swiss chemists]]
[[Category:Swiss chemists]]
[[Category:1837 births]]
[[Category:1830s births]]
[[Category:1911 deaths]]
[[Category:1911 deaths]]
[[Category:Discoverers of chemical elements]]
[[Category:Discoverers of chemical elements]]
[[Category:19th-century Swiss people]]
[[Category:19th-century Swiss chemists]]
[[Category:19th-century chemists]]
[[Category:20th-century Swiss people]]
[[Category:20th-century Swiss people]]
[[Category:20th-century chemists]]
[[Category:20th-century chemists]]
[[Category:Holmium]]
[[Category:Holmium]]
[[Category:Rare earth scientists]]




Latest revision as of 13:32, 9 September 2024

For the Canadian comic creator, see Delaf.
Marc Delafontaine
BornMarch 31, 1837 or 1838
Céligny, Switzerland
NationalitySwiss
Known forholmium
Scientific career
InstitutionsUniversity of Geneva

Marc Delafontaine (March 31, 1837/1838, Céligny, Switzerland[a]–1911[b]) was a Swiss chemist and spectroscopist who was involved in discovering and investigating some of the rare earth elements.

Career

[edit]

Delafontaine studied with Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac at the University of Geneva. He also worked at the University of Geneva.[1]

Delafontaine moved to the United States of America, arriving in New York in 1870,[2] and later becoming a naturalized citizen.[1] He taught in Chicago, Illinois at city high schools,[2] and at a women's college.[1] He also worked as an analytical chemist with the Chicago Police Department.[2]

Research

[edit]

Holmium

[edit]

In 1878, along with Jacques-Louis Soret, Delafontaine first observed holmium spectroscopically.[3] In 1879, Per Teodor Cleve chemically separated it from thulium and erbium. All three men are given credit for the element's discovery.[1]

Yttrium, terbium and erbium

[edit]

In 1843, Carl Gustaf Mosander discovered terbium and erbium as components of yttria.[4]: 38 [2]: 701 [5][6] [7] However, this discovery was hotly contested. Spectroscopist Nils Johan Berlin denied that the two elements existed, failing to confirm the existence of "erbia" and suggesting that its name be applied to "terbia".[8]

In 1864, Marc Delafontaine used optical spectroscopy to conclusively prove that yttrium, terbium, and erbium were separate elements.[8] Ironically, however, the confusion that had been introduced between the names continued. Mosander's proposed names were switched, giving the amethyst compound the name "erbium" oxide and the yellow substance the name "terbium" oxide, instead of the other way around as originally proposed.[9][10][7][8]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Fontani, Marco; Costa, Mariagrazia; Orna, Mary Virginia (2014). The Lost Elements: The Periodic Table's Shadow Side. Oxford University Press. pp. 119–125. ISBN 9780199383344.
  2. ^ a b c d Weeks, Mary Elvira (1956). The discovery of the elements (6th ed.). Easton, PA: Journal of Chemical Education.
  3. ^ Thornton, Brett F.; Burdette, Shawn C. (20 May 2015). "Homely holmium". Nature Chemistry. 7 (6): 532. Bibcode:2015NatCh...7..532T. doi:10.1038/nchem.2264. PMID 25991534.
  4. ^ Tansjö, Levi (December 6, 2012). "Carl Gustaf Mosander and His Research on Rare Earths". In Evans, C. H. (ed.). Episodes from the History of the Rare Earth Elements. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 38–55. ISBN 9789400902879.
  5. ^ Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). "The discovery of the elements: XVI. The rare earth elements". Journal of Chemical Education. 9 (10): 1751–1773. Bibcode:1932JChEd...9.1751W. doi:10.1021/ed009p1751.
  6. ^ Marshall, James L.; Marshall, Virginia R. (October 31, 2014). "Northern Scandinavia: An Elemental Treasure Trove". Science history : a traveler's guide. Vol. 1179. ACS Symposium Series. pp. 209–257. doi:10.1021/bk-2014-1179.ch011. ISBN 9780841230200.
  7. ^ a b Piguet, Claude (21 March 2014). "Extricating erbium". Nature Chemistry. 6 (4): 370. Bibcode:2014NatCh...6..370P. doi:10.1038/nchem.1908. PMID 24651207.
  8. ^ a b c Friend, John Newton (1917). A Text-book of Inorganic Chemistry. Vol. 4. Griffin & Company. pp. 221–223. ISBN 9781130017649.
  9. ^ Holden, Norman E. (2001-06-29). "History of the Origin of the Chemical Elements and Their Discoverers". Upton, New York: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  10. ^ Krishnamurthy, Nagaiyar (December 16, 2015). Extractive metallurgy of rare earths (2nd ed.). CRC Press. pp. 5–7. ISBN 9781466576346.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Fontani op. cit. p. 125 states that Poggendorff's Biographisch-Literarisches Handwörterbuch, Verlag von Johan Ambrosius Barth, Leipzig, 1898, p. 344 gives his birthyear as 1838, while Mary Elvira Weeks Discovery of the Elements, 7. ed., Journal of Chemical Education: Easton, Pennsylvania, 1968, p. 677 says it is 1837.
  2. ^ Fontani op. cit. p. 125 says that no documents exist to report his death but it is assumed Delafontaine passed away in 1911.


Switzerland

This article about a Swiss scientist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Stub icon

This biographical article about a chemist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marc_Delafontaine&oldid=1244833372"