Jump to content

Swarg: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Content deleted Content added
No edit summary
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
→‎Plot: Overall grammar edits.
 
(20 intermediate revisions by 10 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{for|heaven in Hindu cosmology|Swarga}}
{{for|heaven in Hindu cosmology|Swarga}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
''{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}''
{{Infobox film
{{Infobox film
| name = Swarg
| name = Swarg
Line 8: Line 8:
| director = [[David Dhawan]]
| director = [[David Dhawan]]
| producer = Nandu G Tolani
| producer = Nandu G Tolani
| writer = [[Ashapurna Devi]] (story)<br />[[Anees Bazmee]] (script)
| story = [[Ashapurna Devi]]
| screenplay = [[Anees Bazmee]]
| based_on = [[Jog Biyog (novel)|Jog Biyog]] <br/> by [[Ashapurna Devi]]
| based_on = {{based on|[[Jog Biyog (novel)|Jog Biyog]]|[[Ashapurna Devi]]}}
| starring = [[Rajesh Khanna]]<br />[[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]]<br />[[Juhi Chawla]]<br />[[Madhavi (actress)|Madhavi]]
| starring = [[Rajesh Khanna]]<br />[[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]]<br />[[Juhi Chawla]]<br />[[Madhavi (actress)|Madhavi]]
| narrator =
| narrator =
| music = [[Anand–Milind]]
| music = [[Anand–Milind]]
| cinematography =
| cinematography =
| editing = [[David Dhawan]]
| editing = David Dhawan
| distributor = Paras Films International
| distributor = Paras Films International
| released = {{release date|1990|05|18|df=y}}
| released = {{Film date|1990|05|18|df=y}}
| runtime =
| runtime =
| country = [[India]]
| country = India
| language = [[Hindi]]
| language = Hindi
| budget = ₹ 2 crore
| budget =
| gross = {{INRConvert|14|c|year=1990}}
| gross =
}}
}}


'''''Swarg''''' ({{translation|Heaven}}) is a 1990 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[drama film]] directed by [[David Dhawan]], released in 1990. It stars [[Rajesh Khanna]], [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]], [[Juhi Chawla]], [[Madhavi (actress)|Madhavi]] in lead roles. Swarg is the fourth last certified hit of [[Rajesh Khanna]], as this was followed by [[Begunaah]], [[Ghar Parivaar]] and [[Rupaye Dus Karod]] in the year 1991.
'''''Swarg''''' ({{translation|Heaven}}) is a 1990 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[drama film]] directed by [[David Dhawan]], released in 1990. It stars [[Rajesh Khanna]], [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]], [[Juhi Chawla]], [[Madhavi (actress)|Madhavi]] in lead roles. Swarg is the fourth last certified hit of [[Rajesh Khanna]], as this was followed by [[Begunaah]], [[Ghar Parivaar]] and [[Rupaye Dus Karod]] in the year 1991. The movie is loosely based on the 1967 movie ''[[Mehrban]]'' starring [[Ashok Kumar]], which itself was a remake of the 1960 Tamil movie ''[[Padikkadha Medhai]]'' which in turn was a remake of 1953 [[Bengali language|Bengali]] film ''Jog Biyog''.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/tracking-indian-communities/tamil-cinemas-bong-connection/ |title=Tamil cinema's bong connection |last=Vamanan |date=2018-04-23 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2019-02-28 |author-link=Vamanan |archive-date=13 February 2022 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220213/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/tracking-indian-communities/tamil-cinemas-bong-connection/ |url-status=live }}</ref> based on the novel of [[Jog Biyog (novel)|same name]] by [[Ashapoorna Devi]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/hindu-talkies/217877-.html |title=திறந்த வெளி திரையரங்கத்தின் முன்னோடி! |trans-title=Pioneer of the open air theater! |last=Ravikumar |first=V.A. |language=Ta |date=5 August 2016 |work=[[The Hindu (Tamil)|The Hindu Tamil]] |access-date=2019-08-14 |archive-date=14 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814111223/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/hindu-talkies/217877-.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Swarg was remade in Telugu as ''[[Indra Bhavanam]]'', in Odia as ''Bhai Hela Bhagari'', in Bengali as ''[[Annadata (2002 film)|Annadata]]'' and in Nepali as ''Izzatadar'' , twice in Bangladesh as ''Sneher Protidhan'' and ''[[Ke Apon Ke Por (film)|Ke Apon Ke Por]]'' (2011).

The movie is loosely based on the 1967 movie ''[[Mehrban]]'' starring [[Ashok Kumar]], which itself was a remake of the 1960 Tamil movie ''[[Padikkadha Medhai]]'' which in turn was a remake of 1953 [[Bengali language|Bengali]] film ''Jog Biyog''<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/tracking-indian-communities/tamil-cinemas-bong-connection/ |title=Tamil cinema's bong connection |last=Vamanan |date=2018-04-23 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2019-02-28 |author-link=Vamanan |archive-date=13 February 2022 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220213/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/tracking-indian-communities/tamil-cinemas-bong-connection/ |url-status=live }}</ref> based on the novel of [[Jog Biyog (novel)|same name]] by [[Ashapoorna Devi]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/hindu-talkies/217877-.html |title=திறந்த வெளி திரையரங்கத்தின் முன்னோடி! |last=ரவிக்குமார் |first=வா |date=5 August 2016 |work=[[The Hindu (Tamil)|The Hindu Tamil]] |access-date=2019-08-14 |archive-date=14 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814111223/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/hindu-talkies/217877-.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Swarg was remade in Telugu as ''[[Indra Bhavanam]]'' with [[Krishna (Telugu actor)|Krishna]] and [[Krishnam Raju]], in Odia as Bhai Hela Bhagari Starring [[Siddhanta Mahapatra]] And [[Rachna Banerjee|Rachana Banerjee]], in Bengali as ''[[Annadata (2002 film)|Annadata]]'' and Nepali as ''Izzatadar'' , twice in Bangladesh as ''Sneher Protidhan'' and ''[[Ke Apon Ke Por (2011 film)|Ke Apon Ke Por]]'' (2011). [[Bengali language|Bengali]] version was highly appreciated by the audience and was successful in box office. [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]] played Shankar, the [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]] role whereas Bangladesh actor [[Abdur Razzak (actor)|Razzak]] played Mr. Amar Chowdhury, the [[Rajesh Khanna]] role and [[Sreelekha Mitra]] played Barsha, the [[Juhi Chawla]] role in its [[Bengali language|Bengali]] version. ''Swarg'' was one of the highest grossing films of 1990, and a commercial success.


==Plot==
==Plot==
Living in a luxurious mansion named swarg, this is the story of Mr. Kumar or Sahabji a rich businessman and landowner. His family consists of his wife, sister Jyoti, two brothers, Vicky and Ravi, and a sister-in-law. He also has a loyal servant, Krishna, who considers the former akin to a father.
Living in a luxurious mansion named Swarg, this is the story of Mr. Kumar, or Sahabji, a rich businessman and landowner. His family consists of his wife, sister Jyoti, two brothers, Vicky and Ravi, and a sister-in-law. He also has a loyal servant, Krishna, who considers the former akin to a father.


Sahabji has a clash of ideals with Dhanraj, an immoral businessman, regarding a business matter, and Sahabji dissolves the venture. In vengeance, Dhanraj schemes with Sahabji's two brothers to usurp Sahabji's wealth and businesses. He sets fire in Sahabji's factory, citing short circuit as the reason, and takes over the luxurious mansion and vast business empire, leaving Sahabji virtually penniless, and devastated with the passing away of his wife. His brothers have now taken over the money, the mansion, and his business. When Krishna confronted the brothers of his master, he was instead brutally fired by Sahabji himself, because he was charged with stealing Jyoti's necklace by Sahabji's brothers and sister-in-law. Later, he learns that Sahabji intentionally banished him so that he can do something better in life and not be held down Sahabji's own misfortunes. Krishna moves to Bombay and meets a man called Chadda, or Airport, and they become friends. His hard work in the city makes him a popular film star which enables him to accumulate enough wealth to make him a rich man in the scale of his former master, and he returns to his town after several years as a mysterious but wealthy businessman.
Sahabji has a clash of ideals with Dhanraj, an immoral businessman, regarding a business matter, and Sahabji dissolves the venture. In vengeance, Dhanraj schemes with Sahabji's two brothers to usurp Sahabji's wealth and businesses. He sets fire to Sahabji's factory, citing a short circuit as the reason, and takes over the luxurious mansion and vast business empire, leaving Sahabji virtually penniless and devastated by the passing away of his wife. His brothers have now taken over the money, the mansion, and his business. When Krishna confronted the brothers of his master, he was instead brutally fired by Sahabji himself because he was charged with stealing Jyoti's necklace by Sahabji's brothers and sister-in-law. Later, he learns that Sahabji intentionally banished him so that he can do something better in life and not be held down by Sahabji's own misfortunes. Krishna moves to Bombay and meets a man called Chadda, or Airport, and they become friends. His hard work in the city makes him a popular film star, which enables him to accumulate enough wealth to make him a rich man on the scale of his former master, and he returns to his town after several years as a mysterious but wealthy businessman.


In the guise of a golden offer, Krishna sends Airport to buy Sahabji's mansion - which is now owned by Dhanraj - for the price of 90 lakh INR (USD$529,000), to which the greedy Dhanraj readily agrees and signs over the deeds of ownership of the land and the mansion, unaware of the buyer's actual identity. In the process of storing the cash payment in his personal vault, he is informed his own factory has mysteriously caught fire, causing him to hurry to the site in time to see his factory crumble to ashes. At this point, Krishna confronts him and reveals himself to be the mystery buyer, and also implicitly confesses to being responsible for the "accidental" fire, similar to the scheme Dhanraj perpetrated against Sahabji. Krishna then reminds Dhanraj of him selling the mansion for 90 lakh INR (USD$529,000), and then rhetorically wonders what if Dhanraj were to lose that 90 lakh INR (USD$529,000) as well. True enough, Dhanraj finds his safe empty of the cash upon rushing back, effectively rendering him homeless and ruined.
In the guise of a golden offer, Krishna sends Airport to buy Sahabji's mansion, which is now owned by Dhanraj, for the price of 90 lakh INR (USD$529,000), to which the greedy Dhanraj readily agrees and signs over the deeds of ownership of the land and the mansion, unaware of the buyer's actual identity. In the process of storing the cash payment in his personal vault, he is informed his own factory has mysteriously caught fire, causing him to hurry to the site in time to see his factory crumble to ashes. At this point, Krishna confronts him and reveals himself to be the mystery buyer, and also implicitly confesses to being responsible for the "accidental" fire, similar to the scheme Dhanraj perpetrated against Sahabji. Krishna then reminds Dhanraj of him selling the mansion for 90 lakh INR (USD$529,000) and then rhetorically wonders what if Dhanraj were to lose that 90 lakh INR (USD$529,000) as well. True enough, Dhanraj finds his safe empty of cash upon rushing back, effectively rendering him homeless and ruined.


Krishna then targets Sahabji's brothers by using their greed against them. Without revealing himself, he enters into a business deal with them and later cheats them out of their investments - similar to how they cheated their older brother out of his finances - that renders them penniless and desperate. At this point, Krishna reveals himself to them and informs them that it was all as part of his plan to restore the lost wealth, glory, and fortune of his former master.
Krishna then targets Sahabji's brothers by using their greed against them. Without revealing himself, he enters into a business deal with them and later cheats them out of their investments - similar to how they cheated their older brother out of his finances - that renders them penniless and desperate. At this point, Krishna reveals himself to them and informs them that it was all part of his plan to restore the lost wealth, glory, and fortune of his former master.


Krishna goes to a temple & prays to God so that he meets Sahabji very soon. Incidentally, he finds Sahabji in the same temple and gets to know that both Sahabji and Jyoti are in a pitiable condition. He brings them back to the mansion. Sahabji then witnesses his brothers inside the mansion and demands to know why are they there, Krishna reveals that they've paid for much more than they bid, and were now totally homeless and ruined, and they had also realized their mistake, so he forgave them and brought them back to the mansion. Jyoti, Krishna, and the brothers ask for forgiveness of them (brothers) from Sahabji, which Sahabji outright refuses, after which, their late mother's portrait falls from above, and Shahbji is reminded of the promise he made to her regarding taking care of his brothers no matter what. At this point, Sahabji suffers a cardiac arrest, caused by years of financial, physical, and emotional stress. He forgives his brothers. He also approves Jyoti and Krishna's relationship and gives his blessings to a marriage. With that, the patriarch passes away, leaving all his inheritance to Krishna and Jyoti.
Krishna goes to a temple and prays to God so that he meets Sahabji very soon. Incidentally, he finds Sahabji in the same temple and gets to know that both Sahabji and Jyoti are in a pitiable condition. He brings them back to the mansion. Sahabji then witnesses his brothers inside the mansion and demands to know why they are there. Krishna reveals that they've paid for much more than they bid and were now totally homeless and ruined, and they had also realized their mistake, so he forgave them and brought them back to the mansion. Jyoti, Krishna, and the brothers ask for forgiveness of them (brothers) from Sahabji, which Sahabji outright refuses, after which their late mother's portrait falls from above, and Shahbji is reminded of the promise he made to her regarding taking care of his brothers no matter what. At this point, Sahabji suffers a cardiac arrest, caused by years of financial, physical, and emotional stress. He forgives his brothers. He also approves Jyoti and Krishna's relationship and gives his blessings to a marriage. With that, the patriarch passes away, leaving all his inheritance to Krishna and Jyoti.


==Cast==
==Cast==
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
*[[Rajesh Khanna]] as Kumar
*[[Rajesh Khanna]] as Kumar<ref name=BakshiIE/>
*[[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]] as Krishna
*[[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]] as Krishna<ref name=BakshiIE/>
*[[Juhi Chawla]] as Jyoti
*[[Juhi Chawla]] as Jyoti
*[[Madhavi (actress)|Madhavi]] as Janki
*[[Madhavi (actress)|Madhavi]] as Janki
*[[Paresh Rawal]] as Dhanraj
*[[Paresh Rawal]] as Dhanraj
*[[Satish Kaushik]] as Airport
*[[Satish Kaushik]] as Chadda "Airport"
*[[Bharat Kapoor]] as Nagpal
*[[Bharat Kapoor]] as Nagpal
*[[Raja Bundela]] as Vikram "Vicky"
*[[Raja Bundela]] as Vikram "Vicky"
*[[Dilip Dhawan]] as Ravi
*[[Dilip Dhawan]] as Ravi
*[[Neena Gupta]] as Naina
*[[Neena Gupta]] as Naina
*[[Arun Bakshi]] as Film Director<ref name=BakshiIE>{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=12 May 2023 |title=Rajesh Khanna was suffering from 'confidence issues' during Swarg, would ask for reshoots, says late actor's co-star |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/rajesh-khanna-was-suffering-from-some-confidence-issues-during-swarg-8605063/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |location=New Delhi |access-date=14 April 2024}}</ref>
*[[Arun Bakshi]] as Film Director
*[[Mahesh Anand]] as Guru
*[[Mahesh Anand]] as Guru
*[[Yunus Parvez]] as Gardener
*[[Yunus Parvez]] as Gardener
Line 80: Line 79:
}}
}}


The soundtrack of the film contains 5 songs. Lyrics were by [[Sameer (lyricist)|Sameer]] and music was conducted by the award-winning duo [[Anand–Milind]].
The soundtrack of the film contains 5 songs. Lyrics were by [[Sameer (lyricist)|Sameer]] and music was conducted by the duo [[Anand–Milind]].


{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
Line 89: Line 88:
|-
|-
| "Filmon Ke Sare Hero Mere Aage Hain Zero"
| "Filmon Ke Sare Hero Mere Aage Hain Zero"
| [[Amit Kumar]], [[Nitin Mukesh]]
| Amit Kumar, [[Nitin Mukesh]]
|-
|-
| "Tum Sajna Ke Ghar Jaogi, Hamen Yaad Bahut Aaogi, Is Ghar, Is Angna Mein"
| "Tum Sajna Ke Ghar Jaogi, Hamen Yaad Bahut Aaogi, Is Ghar, Is Angna Mein"
| [[Amit Kumar]], [[Mohammed Aziz]], [[Anupama Deshpande]]
| Amit Kumar, [[Mohammed Aziz]], [[Anupama Deshpande]]
|-
|-
| "Kaise Kate Din, Kaise Kate Raaten"
| "Kaise Kate Din, Kaise Kate Raaten"
Line 98: Line 97:
|-
|-
| "Ae Mere Dost Lautke Aaja"
| "Ae Mere Dost Lautke Aaja"
| [[Mohammed Aziz]]
| Mohammed Aziz
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 113: Line 112:
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:1990s Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1990s Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1990s Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by David Dhawan]]
[[Category:Films directed by David Dhawan]]
[[Category:Films scored by Anand–Milind]]
[[Category:Films scored by Anand–Milind]]

Latest revision as of 15:21, 10 September 2024

Swarg
Poster
Directed byDavid Dhawan
Screenplay byAnees Bazmee
Story byAshapurna Devi
Based onJog Biyog
by Ashapurna Devi
Produced byNandu G Tolani
StarringRajesh Khanna
Govinda
Juhi Chawla
Madhavi
Edited byDavid Dhawan
Music byAnand–Milind
Distributed byParas Films International
Release date
  • 18 May 1990 (1990-05-18)
CountryIndia
LanguageHindi

Swarg (transl. Heaven) is a 1990 Indian Hindi-language drama film directed by David Dhawan, released in 1990. It stars Rajesh Khanna, Govinda, Juhi Chawla, Madhavi in lead roles. Swarg is the fourth last certified hit of Rajesh Khanna, as this was followed by Begunaah, Ghar Parivaar and Rupaye Dus Karod in the year 1991. The movie is loosely based on the 1967 movie Mehrban starring Ashok Kumar, which itself was a remake of the 1960 Tamil movie Padikkadha Medhai which in turn was a remake of 1953 Bengali film Jog Biyog.[1] based on the novel of same name by Ashapoorna Devi.[2] Swarg was remade in Telugu as Indra Bhavanam, in Odia as Bhai Hela Bhagari, in Bengali as Annadata and in Nepali as Izzatadar , twice in Bangladesh as Sneher Protidhan and Ke Apon Ke Por (2011).

Plot

[edit]

Living in a luxurious mansion named Swarg, this is the story of Mr. Kumar, or Sahabji, a rich businessman and landowner. His family consists of his wife, sister Jyoti, two brothers, Vicky and Ravi, and a sister-in-law. He also has a loyal servant, Krishna, who considers the former akin to a father.

Sahabji has a clash of ideals with Dhanraj, an immoral businessman, regarding a business matter, and Sahabji dissolves the venture. In vengeance, Dhanraj schemes with Sahabji's two brothers to usurp Sahabji's wealth and businesses. He sets fire to Sahabji's factory, citing a short circuit as the reason, and takes over the luxurious mansion and vast business empire, leaving Sahabji virtually penniless and devastated by the passing away of his wife. His brothers have now taken over the money, the mansion, and his business. When Krishna confronted the brothers of his master, he was instead brutally fired by Sahabji himself because he was charged with stealing Jyoti's necklace by Sahabji's brothers and sister-in-law. Later, he learns that Sahabji intentionally banished him so that he can do something better in life and not be held down by Sahabji's own misfortunes. Krishna moves to Bombay and meets a man called Chadda, or Airport, and they become friends. His hard work in the city makes him a popular film star, which enables him to accumulate enough wealth to make him a rich man on the scale of his former master, and he returns to his town after several years as a mysterious but wealthy businessman.

In the guise of a golden offer, Krishna sends Airport to buy Sahabji's mansion, which is now owned by Dhanraj, for the price of 90 lakh INR (USD$529,000), to which the greedy Dhanraj readily agrees and signs over the deeds of ownership of the land and the mansion, unaware of the buyer's actual identity. In the process of storing the cash payment in his personal vault, he is informed his own factory has mysteriously caught fire, causing him to hurry to the site in time to see his factory crumble to ashes. At this point, Krishna confronts him and reveals himself to be the mystery buyer, and also implicitly confesses to being responsible for the "accidental" fire, similar to the scheme Dhanraj perpetrated against Sahabji. Krishna then reminds Dhanraj of him selling the mansion for 90 lakh INR (USD$529,000) and then rhetorically wonders what if Dhanraj were to lose that 90 lakh INR (USD$529,000) as well. True enough, Dhanraj finds his safe empty of cash upon rushing back, effectively rendering him homeless and ruined.

Krishna then targets Sahabji's brothers by using their greed against them. Without revealing himself, he enters into a business deal with them and later cheats them out of their investments - similar to how they cheated their older brother out of his finances - that renders them penniless and desperate. At this point, Krishna reveals himself to them and informs them that it was all part of his plan to restore the lost wealth, glory, and fortune of his former master.

Krishna goes to a temple and prays to God so that he meets Sahabji very soon. Incidentally, he finds Sahabji in the same temple and gets to know that both Sahabji and Jyoti are in a pitiable condition. He brings them back to the mansion. Sahabji then witnesses his brothers inside the mansion and demands to know why they are there. Krishna reveals that they've paid for much more than they bid and were now totally homeless and ruined, and they had also realized their mistake, so he forgave them and brought them back to the mansion. Jyoti, Krishna, and the brothers ask for forgiveness of them (brothers) from Sahabji, which Sahabji outright refuses, after which their late mother's portrait falls from above, and Shahbji is reminded of the promise he made to her regarding taking care of his brothers no matter what. At this point, Sahabji suffers a cardiac arrest, caused by years of financial, physical, and emotional stress. He forgives his brothers. He also approves Jyoti and Krishna's relationship and gives his blessings to a marriage. With that, the patriarch passes away, leaving all his inheritance to Krishna and Jyoti.

Cast

[edit]

Music

[edit]
Swarg
Studio album by
Released1990
GenreFeature film soundtrack
Label
ProducerAnand–Milind
Anand–Milind chronology
Zahreelay
(1990)
Swarg
(1990)
Tum Mere Ho
(1990)

The soundtrack of the film contains 5 songs. Lyrics were by Sameer and music was conducted by the duo Anand–Milind.

Song Singer
"Bambai Humko Jam Gayi" Amit Kumar
"Filmon Ke Sare Hero Mere Aage Hain Zero" Amit Kumar, Nitin Mukesh
"Tum Sajna Ke Ghar Jaogi, Hamen Yaad Bahut Aaogi, Is Ghar, Is Angna Mein" Amit Kumar, Mohammed Aziz, Anupama Deshpande
"Kaise Kate Din, Kaise Kate Raaten" Mohammed Aziz, Anuradha Paudwal
"Ae Mere Dost Lautke Aaja" Mohammed Aziz

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Vamanan (23 April 2018). "Tamil cinema's bong connection". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 13 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2019.
  2. ^ Ravikumar, V.A. (5 August 2016). "திறந்த வெளி திரையரங்கத்தின் முன்னோடி!" [Pioneer of the open air theater!]. The Hindu Tamil (in Tamil). Archived from the original on 14 August 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
  3. ^ a b c "Rajesh Khanna was suffering from 'confidence issues' during Swarg, would ask for reshoots, says late actor's co-star". The Indian Express. New Delhi. 12 May 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
[edit]