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{{Short description|Bloodless military coup d'état in Venda in 1990}}
{{Short description|Bloodless military coup d'état in Venda in 1990}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use South African English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox event
{{Infobox event
| title = 1990 Venda coup d'état
| title = 1990 Venda coup d'état
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| image_upright =
| image_upright =
| image_alt =
| image_alt =
| caption = A map of Venda (''red'') within South Africa
| caption = Map of Venda (''red'') within South Africa.
| native_name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| native_name_lang =
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| date = {{start date and age|1990|4|5|df=y}}
| date = {{start date and age|1990|4|5|df=y}}
| venue =
| venue =
| location = {{flagicon|Venda}} [[Thohoyandou]], [[Venda]]
| location = {{flagicon|Venda}} [[Thohoyandou]]
| type = [[Coup d'état|Military coup]]
| type = [[Coup d'état|Military coup]]
| cause =
| cause =
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| target = [[National Party of Venda|NPV]]–led government of [[Frank Ravele]]
| target = [[National Party of Venda|NPV]]–led government of [[Frank Ravele]]
| organisers = [[Gabriel Ramushwana]]
| organisers = [[Gabriel Ramushwana]]
| participants = Faction within the [[Venda Defence Force|Defence Force]]
| participants = {{armed forces|Venda}} (faction)
| outcome = Coup succeeds
| outcome = Coup succeeds
* The overthrow of government of President Ravele.
* The overthrow of government of President Ravele.
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}}
}}


The '''1990 Venda coup d'état''' was a bloodless military [[coup d'état|coup]] in [[Venda]], an [[list of historical unrecognized states and dependencies|unrecognised state]] and a nominally independent [[South Africa]]n [[bantustan|homeland]] for the [[Venda people]], which took place on 5 April 1990. The coup was led by the then 48-year-old Colonel [[Gabriel Ramushwana]], the Chief of Staff of the [[Venda Defence Force]], against the government of [[President of Venda|President]] [[Frank Ravele]] ([[National Party of Venda|NPV]]).<ref>{{cite web|publisher=UPI Archives|title=Security forces stage coup in S. African homeland|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1990/04/05/Security-forces-stage-coup-in-S-African-homeland/8816639288000/|date=April 5, 1990|access-date=September 26, 2019|archive-date=19 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019073659/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1990/04/05/Security-forces-stage-coup-in-S-African-homeland/8816639288000/|url-status=live}}</ref>
The '''1990 Venda coup d'état''' was a bloodless military [[coup d'état|coup]] in [[Venda]], an [[list of historical unrecognized states and dependencies|unrecognised state]] and a [[Puppet state#South Africa's Bantustans|nominally independent]] [[South Africa]]n [[bantustan|homeland]] for the [[Venda people]], which took place on 5 April 1990. The coup was led by the then 48-year-old Colonel [[Gabriel Ramushwana]], the Chief of Staff of the [[Venda Defence Force]], against the government of [[President of Venda|President]] [[Frank Ravele]] ([[National Party of Venda|NPV]]).<ref>{{cite web|publisher=UPI Archives|title=Security forces stage coup in S. African homeland|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1990/04/05/Security-forces-stage-coup-in-S-African-homeland/8816639288000/|date=April 5, 1990|access-date=September 26, 2019|archive-date=19 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019073659/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1990/04/05/Security-forces-stage-coup-in-S-African-homeland/8816639288000/|url-status=live}}</ref>


Ramushwana's [[military government]] stayed in power until January 1994,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JiZBAQAAIAAJ|title=Who's who of Southern Africa|year=1994|isbn=9780958390217|access-date=26 September 2022|archive-date=2 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220502024235/https://books.google.com/books?id=JiZBAQAAIAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jacarandafm.com/post/former-army-general-dies/|title=Jacaranda FM - Former army general dies|website=www.jacarandafm.com|access-date=22 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113213000/http://www.jacarandafm.com/post/former-army-general-dies/|archive-date=13 January 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> several months before the reunification of Venda with South Africa after the first post-[[apartheid]] [[1994 South African general election|general election]].<ref name=":17">All Bantustans (both nominally independent and self-governing) were dismantled and their territories reincorporated into South Africa with effect from 27 April 1994, in terms of [[wikisource:Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993/1994-04-27/Chapter 1|section 1(2)]] and [[wikisource:Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993/1994-04-27/Schedule 1|Schedule 1]] of the [[Interim Constitution (South Africa)|Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993]], the so-called "Interim Constitution" which abolished apartheid in South Africa. The text of this Interim Constitution, which came into force on 27 April 1994, coinciding with the beginning of the first democratic elections, is available online at [[Wikisource:Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993/1994-04-27|Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993 as of 27 April 1994]].</ref>
Ramushwana's [[military government]] stayed in power until January 1994,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JiZBAQAAIAAJ|title=Who's who of Southern Africa|year=1994|isbn=9780958390217|access-date=26 September 2022|archive-date=2 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220502024235/https://books.google.com/books?id=JiZBAQAAIAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jacarandafm.com/post/former-army-general-dies/|title=Jacaranda FM - Former army general dies|website=www.jacarandafm.com|access-date=22 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113213000/http://www.jacarandafm.com/post/former-army-general-dies/|archive-date=13 January 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> several months before the reunification of Venda with South Africa after the first post-[[apartheid]] [[1994 South African general election|general election]].<ref name=":17">All Bantustans (both nominally independent and self-governing) were dismantled and their territories reincorporated into South Africa with effect from 27 April 1994, in terms of [[wikisource:Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993/1994-04-27/Chapter 1|section 1(2)]] and [[wikisource:Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993/1994-04-27/Schedule 1|Schedule 1]] of the [[Interim Constitution (South Africa)|Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993]], the so-called "Interim Constitution" which abolished apartheid in South Africa. The text of this Interim Constitution, which came into force on 27 April 1994, coinciding with the beginning of the first democratic elections, is available online at [[Wikisource:Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993/1994-04-27|Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993 as of 27 April 1994]].</ref>
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[[Category:Politics of Venda]]
[[Category:Politics of Venda]]
[[Category:1990 in South Africa]]
[[Category:1990 in South Africa]]
[[Category:April 1990 events in Africa]]
[[Category:April 1990 events in South Africa]]
[[Category:1990s coups d'état and coup attempts]]
[[Category:1990s coups d'état and coup attempts]]




{{SouthAfrica-stub}}
{{SouthAfrica-hist-stub}}

Latest revision as of 23:06, 4 June 2024

1990 Venda coup d'état
Map of Venda (red) within South Africa.
Date5 April 1990; 34 years ago (1990-04-05)
LocationVenda Thohoyandou
TypeMilitary coup
MotiveRegime change
TargetNPV–led government of Frank Ravele
Organised byGabriel Ramushwana
Participants Venda Defence Force (faction)
OutcomeCoup succeeds
  • The overthrow of government of President Ravele.
  • The establishment of military rule under the Council of National Unity headed by Colonel Ramushwana.

The 1990 Venda coup d'état was a bloodless military coup in Venda, an unrecognised state and a nominally independent South African homeland for the Venda people, which took place on 5 April 1990. The coup was led by the then 48-year-old Colonel Gabriel Ramushwana, the Chief of Staff of the Venda Defence Force, against the government of President Frank Ravele (NPV).[1]

Ramushwana's military government stayed in power until January 1994,[2][3] several months before the reunification of Venda with South Africa after the first post-apartheid general election.[4]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Security forces stage coup in S. African homeland". UPI Archives. 5 April 1990. Archived from the original on 19 October 2020. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
  2. ^ Who's who of Southern Africa. 1994. ISBN 9780958390217. Archived from the original on 2 May 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2022.
  3. ^ "Jacaranda FM - Former army general dies". www.jacarandafm.com. Archived from the original on 13 January 2015. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
  4. ^ All Bantustans (both nominally independent and self-governing) were dismantled and their territories reincorporated into South Africa with effect from 27 April 1994, in terms of section 1(2) and Schedule 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993, the so-called "Interim Constitution" which abolished apartheid in South Africa. The text of this Interim Constitution, which came into force on 27 April 1994, coinciding with the beginning of the first democratic elections, is available online at Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993 as of 27 April 1994.


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