Lasioglossum: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Lasioglossum birkmani, Female, Back1, Nacogodoches County, Texas 2012-10-23-08.46.46 ZS PMax (8123822696).jpg|thumb|female ''[[Lasioglossum birkmani]]'']] |
[[File:Lasioglossum birkmani, Female, Back1, Nacogodoches County, Texas 2012-10-23-08.46.46 ZS PMax (8123822696).jpg|thumb|female ''[[Lasioglossum birkmani]]'']] |
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The [[Halictidae|sweat bee]] [[genus]] '''''Lasioglossum''''' is the largest of all [[bee]] genera, containing over 1800 species in numerous subgenera worldwide.<ref name="GibbsEtAl">Gibbs, J., et al. (2012). [http://www.danforthlab.entomology.cornell.edu/files/all/gibbs_etal_2012mpe_1.pdf Phylogeny of halictine bees supports a shared origin of eusociality for ''Halictus'' and ''Lasioglossum'' (Apoidea: Anthophila: Halictidae).] ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 65(3), 926-39.</ref><ref>Ascher, J. S. and J. Pickering. 2011. |
The [[Halictidae|sweat bee]] [[genus]] '''''Lasioglossum''''' is the largest of all [[bee]] genera, containing over 1800 species in numerous subgenera worldwide.<ref name="GibbsEtAl">Gibbs, J., et al. (2012). [http://www.danforthlab.entomology.cornell.edu/files/all/gibbs_etal_2012mpe_1.pdf Phylogeny of halictine bees supports a shared origin of eusociality for ''Halictus'' and ''Lasioglossum'' (Apoidea: Anthophila: Halictidae).] ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 65(3), 926-39.</ref><ref>Ascher, J. S. and J. Pickering. 2011. |
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[http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?guide=Apoidea_species Discover Life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila).]</ref> They are highly variable in size, coloration, and sculpture; among the more unusual variants, some are [[cleptoparasite]]s, some are [[nocturnal]], and some are [[oligolectic]]. Most ''Lasioglossum'' species nest in the ground, but some nest in rotten logs.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gibbs |first=Jason |date=2011-10-28 |title=Revision of the metallic Lasioglossum (Dialictus) of eastern North America (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Halictini) |url=https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3073.1.1 |journal=Zootaxa |volume=3073 |issue=1 |pages=1 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3073.1.1 |issn=1175-5334}}</ref> |
[http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?guide=Apoidea_species Discover Life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila).]</ref> They are highly variable in size, coloration, and sculpture; among the more unusual variants, some are [[cleptoparasite]]s, some are [[nocturnal]], and some are [[oligolectic]]. Most ''Lasioglossum'' species nest in the ground, but some nest in rotten logs.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gibbs |first=Jason |date=2011-10-28 |title=Revision of the metallic Lasioglossum (Dialictus) of eastern North America (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Halictini) |url=https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3073.1.1 |journal=Zootaxa |volume=3073 |issue=1 |pages=1 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3073.1.1 |issn=1175-5334|doi-access=free }}</ref> |
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Social behavior among species of ''Lasioglossum'' is extraordinarily variable; species are known to exhibit solitary nesting, primitive eusociality, and social parasitism. Colony sizes vary widely, from small colonies of a single queen and four or fewer workers to large colonies of >400 workers and perennial life cycles.<ref name="DanforthEtAl">{{Cite journal|last1=Danforth|first1=Bryan N.|last2=Conway|first2=Lindsay|last3=Ji|first3=Shuqing|date=2003-02-01|title=Phylogeny of eusocial ''Lasioglossum''' reveals multiple losses of eusociality within a primitively eusocial clade of bees (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)|journal=Systematic Biology|volume=52|issue=1|pages=23–36|doi=10.1080/10635150390132687|pmid=12554437 |issn=1063-5157|doi-access=free}}</ref> |
Social behavior among species of ''Lasioglossum'' is extraordinarily variable; species are known to exhibit solitary nesting, primitive eusociality, and social parasitism. Colony sizes vary widely, from small colonies of a single queen and four or fewer workers to large colonies of >400 workers and perennial life cycles.<ref name="DanforthEtAl">{{Cite journal|last1=Danforth|first1=Bryan N.|last2=Conway|first2=Lindsay|last3=Ji|first3=Shuqing|date=2003-02-01|title=Phylogeny of eusocial ''Lasioglossum''' reveals multiple losses of eusociality within a primitively eusocial clade of bees (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)|journal=Systematic Biology|volume=52|issue=1|pages=23–36|doi=10.1080/10635150390132687|pmid=12554437 |issn=1063-5157|doi-access=free}}</ref> |
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Latest revision as of 09:12, 14 August 2023
| Lasioglossum | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Halictidae |
| Tribe: | Halictini |
| Genus: | Lasioglossum Curtis, 1833 |
| Subgenera | |
|
see text | |
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The sweat bee genus Lasioglossum is the largest of all bee genera, containing over 1800 species in numerous subgenera worldwide.[1][2] They are highly variable in size, coloration, and sculpture; among the more unusual variants, some are cleptoparasites, some are nocturnal, and some are oligolectic. Most Lasioglossum species nest in the ground, but some nest in rotten logs.[3]
Social behavior among species of Lasioglossum is extraordinarily variable; species are known to exhibit solitary nesting, primitive eusociality, and social parasitism. Colony sizes vary widely, from small colonies of a single queen and four or fewer workers to large colonies of >400 workers and perennial life cycles.[4]
The genus Lasioglossum can be divided into two informal series based on the strength of the distal veins of the forewing.[5] The Lasioglossum series (or strong-veined Lasioglossum) is mostly composed of solitary or communal species, even if some species like L. aegyptiellum show signs of division of labour indicative of eusociality.[1]
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The Hemihalictus series (or weak-veined Lasioglossum) includes species with a wide range of sociality.[6][4] The Hemihalictus series is composed of species which are solitary, communal, primitively eusocial, cleptoparasitic, or socially parasitic.[1] Eusocial species may have small colonies with only one or a few workers or large colonies with dozens of workers. Large colony sizes occur in L. marginatum, which forms perennial colonies lasting five or six years, with hundreds of workers; this species is the only halictine bee with perennial colonies.[4]
Subgenera
[edit]A list of subgenera (modified from Michener's Bees of the World):
Lasioglossum series: Australictus, Callalictus, Chilalictus, Ctenonomia, Echthralictus, Glossalictus, Homalictus, Ipomalictus, Lasioglossum s. str., Leuchalictus, Oxyhalictus, Parasphecodes, Pseudochilalictus, Rubrihalictus, Urohalictus.
Hemihalictus series: Acanthalictus, Austrevylaeus, Biennilaeus, Capalictus, Dialictus, Eickwortia, Evylaeus, Hemihalictus, Rostrohalictus, Pyghalictus, Sphecodogastra.
Subgeneric classification of Lasioglossum remains controversial, with disagreement among experts on the number and extent of subgenera.
Two of the better-known species are the European Lasioglossum malachurum and the North American species Lasioglossum zephyrus.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c Gibbs, J., et al. (2012). Phylogeny of halictine bees supports a shared origin of eusociality for Halictus and Lasioglossum (Apoidea: Anthophila: Halictidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 65(3), 926-39.
- ^ Ascher, J. S. and J. Pickering. 2011. Discover Life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila).
- ^ Gibbs, Jason (2011-10-28). "Revision of the metallic Lasioglossum (Dialictus) of eastern North America (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Halictini)". Zootaxa. 3073 (1): 1. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3073.1.1. ISSN 1175-5334.
- ^ a b c Danforth, Bryan N.; Conway, Lindsay; Ji, Shuqing (2003-02-01). "Phylogeny of eusocial Lasioglossum' reveals multiple losses of eusociality within a primitively eusocial clade of bees (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)". Systematic Biology. 52 (1): 23–36. doi:10.1080/10635150390132687. ISSN 1063-5157. PMID 12554437.
- ^ Michener, C.D. (2000). The Bees of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press. 913 pp.
- ^ Michener, C.D. (1974). The Social Behavior of the Bees. Harvard University Press. 404 pp.