Alternative Democratic Pole: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
m Style |
Mostly stylistic; but also removed the phrases "affiliated by will to" and "disciplinary action" as having some specific Spanish meaning that doesn't translate well. |
||
| Line 28: | Line 28: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
The '''Alternative Democratic Pole''' ([[Spanish language|Spanish]]: ''Polo Democrático Alternativo'' or '''PDA''') is a [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]] [[list of political parties in Colombia|political party in Colombia]] |
The '''Alternative Democratic Pole''' ([[Spanish language|Spanish]]: ''Polo Democrático Alternativo'' or '''PDA''') is a [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]] [[list of political parties in Colombia|political party in Colombia]],<ref name="Rochlin">{{Citation |first=James F. |last=Rochlin |title=Social Forces and the Revolution in Military Affairs: The Cases of Colombia and Mexico |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2007 |pages=83}}</ref> active from 2005 to the present. In 2022 it was successful at the polls and formed the Government of Columbia. |
||
It was founded as a political alliance of the [[Independent Democratic Pole]] (PDI) and the Democratic Alternative (AD) in December 2005. Both parties opposed the neoliberal economic program, securitization and militarization of Colombia under then-President [[Álvaro Uribe]].<ref name="Hristov">{{Citation |first=Jasmin |last=Hristov |title=Blood & Capital: The Paramilitarization of Colombia |publisher=Ohio University Press |year=2009 |page=144}}</ref> Subsequently, it was the only parliamentary party to declare opposition to the government of [[Juan Manuel Santos]], and then joined the opposition against the government of [[Ivan Duque]]. |
It was founded as a political alliance of the [[Independent Democratic Pole]] (PDI) and the Democratic Alternative (AD) in December 2005. Both parties opposed the neoliberal economic program, securitization and militarization of Colombia under then-President [[Álvaro Uribe]].<ref name="Hristov">{{Citation |first=Jasmin |last=Hristov |title=Blood & Capital: The Paramilitarization of Colombia |publisher=Ohio University Press |year=2009 |page=144}}</ref> Subsequently, it was the only parliamentary party to declare opposition to the government of [[Juan Manuel Santos]], and then joined the opposition against the government of [[Ivan Duque]]. |
||
As of 2009, a considerable |
As of 2009, a considerable number of PDA politicians were still former guerrilla fighters who gave up armed struggle and demobilized during the late 1980s and early 1990s.<ref>{{Citation |first=Jennifer |last=Schirmer |title=A Norwegian-Supported Peace Building Project: Conversations among Security Forces, Former Guerillas, and Civil Society |work=Colombia: Building Peace in a Time of War |agency=United States Institute of Peace |year=2009 |page=406}}</ref> And by 2012, a considerable part of PDA politicians including the former guerrilla fighters were more alligned with the [[Green Party (Colombia)|Green Party]]<ref>{{cite news|last1=Diario|first1=El Espectador|title=El M19 está apoderándose del Partido Verde|url=http://www.elespectador.com/noticias/politica/el-m19-esta-apoderandose-del-partido-verde-articulo-451103}}</ref>, the [[Progressive Movement (Colombia)|Movimiento Progresistas]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Diario|first1=El Universal|title=Gustavo Petro renuncia a filas del Polo Democrático|url=http://www.eluniversal.com/2010/11/30/int_art_gustavo-petro-renunc_2122817}}</ref> or [[Marcha Patriótica]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Revista|first1=Semana|title=Partido Comunista "sí está fuera del Polo": Comité Ejecutivo Nacional|url=http://www.semana.com/politica/articulo/partido-comunista-si-esta-fuera-del-polo-comite-ejecutivo-nacional/262995-3}}</ref> than the PDA. |
||
==Political development== |
==Political development== |
||
| Line 43: | Line 43: | ||
At the [[2006 Colombian presidential election|presidential elections]] of 28 May 2006, [[Carlos Gaviria]] came second with 22.04% of the vote, 2,613,157 votes.<ref>National Registry of Civil State, results of the 2006 presidential election. http://www.registraduria.gov.co/resprelec2006/0528/index.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718023257/http://www.registraduria.gov.co/resprelec2006/0528/index.htm |date=2011-07-18 }}</ref> This was the highest ever result for a left-wing candidate in Colombia's history.<ref name="Rochlin"/> Thus, the party replaced the long-standing Liberal Party as the country's second force and main opposition party.<ref name="TayBotCri"/> |
At the [[2006 Colombian presidential election|presidential elections]] of 28 May 2006, [[Carlos Gaviria]] came second with 22.04% of the vote, 2,613,157 votes.<ref>National Registry of Civil State, results of the 2006 presidential election. http://www.registraduria.gov.co/resprelec2006/0528/index.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718023257/http://www.registraduria.gov.co/resprelec2006/0528/index.htm |date=2011-07-18 }}</ref> This was the highest ever result for a left-wing candidate in Colombia's history.<ref name="Rochlin"/> Thus, the party replaced the long-standing Liberal Party as the country's second force and main opposition party.<ref name="TayBotCri"/> |
||
After the election, the PDA was successful in gaining the support of groups representing the indigenous movement |
After the election, the PDA was successful in gaining the support of groups representing the indigenous movement affiliated with the coalition.<ref name="iwgia"/> The guerrilla group [[National Liberation Army (Colombia)|National Liberation Army]] (ELN) (at its fourth national congress) commented favorably on the PDA's electoral performance and declared that political action should take precedence over armed struggle.<ref>{{Citation |first=León |last=Valencia |title=The ELN's Halting Moves toward Peace |work=Colombia: Building Peace in a Time of War |agency=United States Institute of Peace |year=2009 |page=99}}</ref> PDA's own founding doctrine repudiates armed guerilla politics: "We oppose war and the exercise of violence as means of political action".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Partido|first1=Polo Democrático Alternativo|title=Ideario de Unidad|url=http://www.polodemocratico.net/index.php/nuestro-partido/ideario-de-unidad|access-date=2015-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415161924/http://www.polodemocratico.net/index.php/nuestro-partido/ideario-de-unidad|archive-date=2015-04-15|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
||
Later the PDA further consolidated its organization and gained support on a local level.<ref>{{Citation |first=Rex A. |last=Hudson |title=Colombia: A country study |edition=Fifth |publisher=Library of Congress Federal Research Division |year=2010 |page=xli}}</ref> In October 2007, the PDA's candidate, [[Samuel Moreno Rojas]] won the mayoral election in Colombia's capital [[Bogotá]].<ref name="xxvi">{{Citation |first=Rex A. |last=Hudson |title=Colombia: A country study |edition=Fifth |publisher=Library of Congress Federal Research Division |year=2010 |page=xxvi}}</ref> |
|||
In the [[2010 Colombian parliamentary election|2010 congressional election]], PDA's support declined. It won 7.8% of votes and 8 of 100 seats in the Senate, and 5.9% of the vote and 4 of 164 seats in the House of Representatives, demoting it to the sixth rank among parliamentary parties. Before the election, a faction of the PDA had split off and joined the [[Green Party (Colombia)|Green Party]].<ref>{{Citation |first=Harvey F. |last=Kline |title=Historical Dictionary of Colombia |publisher=Scarecrow Press |year=2012 |page=404}}</ref> |
In the [[2010 Colombian parliamentary election|2010 congressional election]], PDA's support declined. It won 7.8% of votes and 8 of 100 seats in the Senate, and 5.9% of the vote and 4 of 164 seats in the House of Representatives, demoting it to the sixth rank among parliamentary parties. Before the election, a faction of the PDA had split off and joined the [[Green Party (Colombia)|Green Party]].<ref>{{Citation |first=Harvey F. |last=Kline |title=Historical Dictionary of Colombia |publisher=Scarecrow Press |year=2012 |page=404}}</ref> |
||
| Line 51: | Line 51: | ||
[[Clara López Obregón|Clara Lopez]] was the party's candidate for the [[2014 Colombian presidential election|2014 presidential election]];<ref>{{cite news |title=Clara López es la candidata a la Presidencia por el Polo Democrático |newspaper=El Tiempo |location=Bogotá, Colombia |url=http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/CMS-12368988 |date=November 9, 2012 |access-date=March 1, 2014|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Clara López, candidata del Polo para presidenciales de 2014 |newspaper=El Espectador |location=Bogotá, Colombia |url=http://www.elespectador.com/noticias/politica/clara-lopez-candidata-del-polo-presidenciales-de-2014-articulo-386158 |date=November 9, 2012 |access-date=March 1, 2014|language=es}}</ref> she placed fourth in the first round of the election, receiving 1,958,414 votes, representing 15.23%.<ref>{{cite web |title=Resolución No. 10368: Por la cual se establece el calendario Electoral para las elecciones de Presidente y Vicepresidente de la República (primera vuelta) para el período Constitucional 2014–2018 |url=http://www.registraduria.gov.co/IMG/pdf/res_10368.pdf |publisher=Registraduría Nacional del Estado Civil |date=October 10, 2013 |access-date=March 1, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208161853/http://www.registraduria.gov.co/IMG/pdf/res_10368.pdf |archive-date=December 8, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
[[Clara López Obregón|Clara Lopez]] was the party's candidate for the [[2014 Colombian presidential election|2014 presidential election]];<ref>{{cite news |title=Clara López es la candidata a la Presidencia por el Polo Democrático |newspaper=El Tiempo |location=Bogotá, Colombia |url=http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/CMS-12368988 |date=November 9, 2012 |access-date=March 1, 2014|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Clara López, candidata del Polo para presidenciales de 2014 |newspaper=El Espectador |location=Bogotá, Colombia |url=http://www.elespectador.com/noticias/politica/clara-lopez-candidata-del-polo-presidenciales-de-2014-articulo-386158 |date=November 9, 2012 |access-date=March 1, 2014|language=es}}</ref> she placed fourth in the first round of the election, receiving 1,958,414 votes, representing 15.23%.<ref>{{cite web |title=Resolución No. 10368: Por la cual se establece el calendario Electoral para las elecciones de Presidente y Vicepresidente de la República (primera vuelta) para el período Constitucional 2014–2018 |url=http://www.registraduria.gov.co/IMG/pdf/res_10368.pdf |publisher=Registraduría Nacional del Estado Civil |date=October 10, 2013 |access-date=March 1, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208161853/http://www.registraduria.gov.co/IMG/pdf/res_10368.pdf |archive-date=December 8, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
||
For the [[2022 Colombian presidential election|2022 presidential]] and [[2022 Colombian parliamentary election|parliamentary election]], the party |
For the [[2022 Colombian presidential election|2022 presidential]] and [[2022 Colombian parliamentary election|parliamentary election]], the party joined forces with other left-wing and centre-left parties to form the [[Historic Pact for Colombia]] (Spanish PHxC) alliance, whose candidates [[Gustavo Petro]] and PDA member [[Francia Márquez]], were victorious in the second round of the presidential election, making them the first leftists to assume the Presidency and Vice-Presidency in Colombian history. In the parliamentary elections, PHxC candidates, including PDA members, won the most votes in both the Chamber of Representatives and Senatorial elections; in both chambers seats are awarded by [[Elections in Colombia|proportional representation]]. |
||
==Electoral history== |
==Electoral history== |
||
Revision as of 06:09, 19 October 2023
 | You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Spanish. (July 2017) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
|
Alternative Democratic Pole Polo Democrático Alternativo | |
|---|---|
 | |
| President | Alexander López Maya |
| Senate leader | Iván Cepeda Castro |
| Founded | December 2005 |
| Merger of | Independent Democratic Pole Democratic Alternative |
| Headquarters | Bogotá, Colombia |
| Ideology | Social democracy[1][2] Progressivism Protectionism |
| Political position | Left-wing[3][4][5][6] |
| National affiliation | Historic Pact for Colombia |
| Regional affiliation | São Paulo Forum |
| Colours | Yellow |
| Chamber of Representatives | 9 / 188 |
| Senate | 6 / 108 |
| Website | |
| www.polodemocratico.net | |
The Alternative Democratic Pole (Spanish: Polo Democrático Alternativo or PDA) is a left-wing political party in Colombia,[7] active from 2005 to the present. In 2022 it was successful at the polls and formed the Government of Columbia.
It was founded as a political alliance of the Independent Democratic Pole (PDI) and the Democratic Alternative (AD) in December 2005. Both parties opposed the neoliberal economic program, securitization and militarization of Colombia under then-President Álvaro Uribe.[6] Subsequently, it was the only parliamentary party to declare opposition to the government of Juan Manuel Santos, and then joined the opposition against the government of Ivan Duque.
As of 2009, a considerable number of PDA politicians were still former guerrilla fighters who gave up armed struggle and demobilized during the late 1980s and early 1990s.[8] And by 2012, a considerable part of PDA politicians including the former guerrilla fighters were more alligned with the Green Party[9], the Movimiento Progresistas,[10] or Marcha Patriótica,[11] than the PDA.
Political development
The PDI and AD initially had their own pre-candidates for the 2006 presidential race. PDI had nominated Antonio Navarro (former leader of M-19) and AD had nominated Carlos Gaviria.
In a primary election held on March 12, 2006, Gaviria won the presidential nomination of the PDA.
In the simultaneous legislative elections of 2006, the party won 9 out of 166 Deputies and 11 out of 100 senators.
At the presidential elections of 28 May 2006, Carlos Gaviria came second with 22.04% of the vote, 2,613,157 votes.[12] This was the highest ever result for a left-wing candidate in Colombia's history.[7] Thus, the party replaced the long-standing Liberal Party as the country's second force and main opposition party.[4]
After the election, the PDA was successful in gaining the support of groups representing the indigenous movement affiliated with the coalition.[3] The guerrilla group National Liberation Army (ELN) (at its fourth national congress) commented favorably on the PDA's electoral performance and declared that political action should take precedence over armed struggle.[13] PDA's own founding doctrine repudiates armed guerilla politics: "We oppose war and the exercise of violence as means of political action".[14]
Later the PDA further consolidated its organization and gained support on a local level.[15] In October 2007, the PDA's candidate, Samuel Moreno Rojas won the mayoral election in Colombia's capital Bogotá.[16]
In the 2010 congressional election, PDA's support declined. It won 7.8% of votes and 8 of 100 seats in the Senate, and 5.9% of the vote and 4 of 164 seats in the House of Representatives, demoting it to the sixth rank among parliamentary parties. Before the election, a faction of the PDA had split off and joined the Green Party.[17]
Clara Lopez was the party's candidate for the 2014 presidential election;[18][19] she placed fourth in the first round of the election, receiving 1,958,414 votes, representing 15.23%.[20]
For the 2022 presidential and parliamentary election, the party joined forces with other left-wing and centre-left parties to form the Historic Pact for Colombia (Spanish PHxC) alliance, whose candidates Gustavo Petro and PDA member Francia Márquez, were victorious in the second round of the presidential election, making them the first leftists to assume the Presidency and Vice-Presidency in Colombian history. In the parliamentary elections, PHxC candidates, including PDA members, won the most votes in both the Chamber of Representatives and Senatorial elections; in both chambers seats are awarded by proportional representation.
Electoral history
Presidential elections
| Election year | Candidate | # votes | % vote | Result | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2006 | Carlos Gaviria Díaz | 2,609,412 | 22.04% (2nd) |  Defeated
|
|
| 2010 | Gustavo Petro | 1,331,267 | 9.14% (4th) | Defeated
|
|
| 2014 | Clara López Obregón | 1,958,414 | 15.23% (4th) | Defeated
|
|
| 2018 | Sergio Fajardo | 4,602,916 | 23.78% (3rd) | Defeated
|
|
| 2022 | Gustavo Petro | 11,291,986 | 50.44% (1st) |  Winner
|
coalition with Historic Pact for Colombia |
See also
References
- ^ Schirmer, Jennifer (2009), "A Norwegian-Supported Peace Building Project: Conversations among Security Forces, Former Guerillas, and Civil Society", Colombia: Building Peace in a Time of War, United States Institute of Peace, p. 407
- ^ Rochlin, James F. (2007), Social Forces and the Revolution in Military Affairs: The Cases of Colombia and Mexico, Palgrave Macmillan, p. 90
- ^ a b Houghton, Juan (2008), "Colombia", The Indigenous World 2008, International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA), p. 136
- ^ a b Taylor, Steven L.; Botero Jaramillo, Felipe; Crisp, Brian F. (2008), "Precandidates, Candidates, and Presidents: Paths to the Colombian Presidency", Pathways to Power, Pennsylvania State University Press, p. 291
- ^ Roldán, Mary (2010), "End of Discussion: Violence, Participatory Democracy, and the Limits of Dissent in Colombia", Violent Democracies in Latin America, Duke University Press, p. 64
- ^ a b Hristov, Jasmin (2009), Blood & Capital: The Paramilitarization of Colombia, Ohio University Press, p. 144
- ^ a b Rochlin, James F. (2007), Social Forces and the Revolution in Military Affairs: The Cases of Colombia and Mexico, Palgrave Macmillan, p. 83
- ^ Schirmer, Jennifer (2009), "A Norwegian-Supported Peace Building Project: Conversations among Security Forces, Former Guerillas, and Civil Society", Colombia: Building Peace in a Time of War, United States Institute of Peace, p. 406
- ^ Diario, El Espectador. "El M19 está apoderándose del Partido Verde".
- ^ Diario, El Universal. "Gustavo Petro renuncia a filas del Polo Democrático".
- ^ Revista, Semana. "Partido Comunista "sí está fuera del Polo": Comité Ejecutivo Nacional".
- ^ National Registry of Civil State, results of the 2006 presidential election. http://www.registraduria.gov.co/resprelec2006/0528/index.htm Archived 2011-07-18 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Valencia, León (2009), "The ELN's Halting Moves toward Peace", Colombia: Building Peace in a Time of War, United States Institute of Peace, p. 99
- ^ Partido, Polo Democrático Alternativo. "Ideario de Unidad". Archived from the original on 15 April 2015. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
- ^ Hudson, Rex A. (2010), Colombia: A country study (Fifth ed.), Library of Congress Federal Research Division, p. xli
- ^ Hudson, Rex A. (2010), Colombia: A country study (Fifth ed.), Library of Congress Federal Research Division, p. xxvi
- ^ Kline, Harvey F. (2012), Historical Dictionary of Colombia, Scarecrow Press, p. 404
- ^ "Clara López es la candidata a la Presidencia por el Polo Democrático". El Tiempo (in Spanish). Bogotá, Colombia. 9 November 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
- ^ "Clara López, candidata del Polo para presidenciales de 2014". El Espectador (in Spanish). Bogotá, Colombia. 9 November 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
- ^ "Resolución No. 10368: Por la cual se establece el calendario Electoral para las elecciones de Presidente y Vicepresidente de la República (primera vuelta) para el período Constitucional 2014–2018" (PDF). Registraduría Nacional del Estado Civil. 10 October 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 December 2013. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Polo Democrático Alternativo.
- Polo Democrático Alternativo (Homepage, Spanish)
- Ideario de Unidad del Polo Democrático Alternativo[permanent dead link] (Party's political program, Spanish)
- Democracia a distancia: Elecciones 2006 (Portalcol.com) (Information about the Pole's list of candidates to the Colombian Senate, Spanish).
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
