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A unibrow is part of normal human variation, but can also stem from developmental disorders. A unibrow is a recognized feature of [[Cornelia De Lange syndrome]], a genetic disorder whose main features include moderate to severe learning difficulties, limb abnormalities such as [[oligodactyly]] (fewer than normal fingers or toes), and [[phocomelia]] (malformed limbs), and facial abnormalities including a long [[philtrum]] (the slight depression/line between the nose and mouth).
A unibrow is part of normal human variation, but can also stem from developmental disorders. A unibrow is a recognized feature of [[Cornelia De Lange syndrome]], a genetic disorder whose main features include moderate to severe learning difficulties, limb abnormalities such as [[oligodactyly]] (fewer than normal fingers or toes), and [[phocomelia]] (malformed limbs), and facial abnormalities including a long [[philtrum]] (the slight depression/line between the nose and mouth).


Other medical conditions associated with a unibrow include:
Other medical conditions associated with a unibrow include:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Synophrys (Concept Id: C0431447) |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/?term=unibrow |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |language=en}}</ref>

⚫
*[[Waardenburg syndrome]];
*[[Patau syndrome]];
* [[Michels syndrome|3MC syndrome 1]]
*[[Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome|Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome]];
* [[Cantú syndrome|Acromegaloid facial appearance syndrome]]
* [[Acromesomelic dysplasia]] 4
⚫
*[[Sanfilippo syndrome]];
* [[Amaurosis]]-[[hypertrichosis]] syndrome
*[[3p deletion syndrome]];<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/GARD/Condition/3750/3p_deletion_syndrome.aspx|title=Chromosome 3p- syndrome {{!}} Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program|website=rarediseases.info.nih.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-08-27}}</ref>
* [[Arrhinia]] with [[choanal atresia]] and [[microphthalmia]] syndrome
* Chromosome Deletion Dillan 4p Syndrome ([[Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome]]);
* [[Dominance (genetics)|Autosomal recessive]] [[spinocerebellar ataxia]] 17
*[[Gorlin syndrome]] (Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome);
* [[Blepharophimosis intellectual disability syndromes|Blepharophimosis-impaired intellectual development syndrome]]
⚫
*Cornelia de Lange Syndrome
* [[Blepharophimosis-ptosis-esotropia-syndactyly-short stature syndrome]]
* Frontometaphyseal [[dysplasia]];
* [[Brachycephaly]], [[trichomegaly]], and [[Global developmental delay|developmental delay]]
* [[Alpha-thalassemia mental retardation syndrome|ATRX syndrome]];
* [[1p36 deletion syndrome|Chromosome 1p36 deletion syndrome]]
* Chromosome 9q34 Microdeletion Syndrome or [[Kleefstra syndrome]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kleefstra syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics|url=https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/kleefstra-syndrome/|access-date=2021-11-23|website=medlineplus.gov|language=en}}</ref>
*[[17q12 microduplication syndrome]]
* [[Coffin–Siris syndrome|Coffin-Siris syndrome]] 12
* [[Cognitive impairment]] - [[Coarse facial features|coarse facies]] - [[Congenital heart defect|heart defects]] - [[obesity]] - pulmonary involvement - [[short stature]] - [[skeletal dysplasia]] syndrome
* [[Cornelia de Lange syndrome|Congenital muscular hypertrophy-cerebral syndrome]]
⚫
* [[Cornelia de Lange syndrome]] 1-5
* [[Proud syndrome|Corpus callosum agenesis-abnormal genitalia syndrome]]
* [[Cortical dysplasia]], complex, with other brain malformations 11
* [[Deafness]], [[cataract]], impaired [[Cognitive development|intellectual development]], and [[polyneuropathy]]
* [[Transaldolase deficiency|Deficiency of transaldolase]]
* [[DeSanto-Shinawi syndrome]] due to [[WAC (gene)|WAC]] [[point mutation]]
* Developmental and epileptic [[encephalopathy]] 23, 66, 83, 84, 85 (with or without midline brain defects), 100, and 105 (with [[hypopituitarism]])
* [[Global developmental delay|Developmental delay]] with variable [[intellectual disability]] and [[Dysmorphic feature|dysmorphic facies]]
* Developmental delay, [[Speech disorder|impaired speech]], and [[Abnormality (behavior)|behavioral abnormalities]]
* [[Diamond–Blackfan anemia|Diamond-Blackfan anemia]] 21
* Early-onset progressive diffuse [[Cerebral atrophy|brain atrophy]]-[[microcephaly]]-[[muscle weakness]]-[[Optic neuropathy|optic atrophy]] syndrome
* [[Epilepsy]], [[Sex linkage|X-linked]] 2, with or without impaired intellectual development and dysmorphic features
* Epilepsy-[[telangiectasia]] syndrome
* [[Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis]] and neurodevelopmental syndrome
* Fontaine [[Progeroid syndromes|progeroid syndrome]]
* [[Shprintzen–Goldberg syndrome|Goldberg-Shprintzen megacolon syndrome]]
* [[Child development|Growth delay]] due to [[Insulin-like growth factor 1|insulin-like growth factor I]] resistance
* [[Hajdu–Cheney syndrome|Hajdu-Cheney syndrome]]
* [[Hennekam syndrome|Hennekam lymphangiectasia-lymphedema syndrome]] 3
* [[Holoprosencephaly]] 5, 7, and 11
* [[Hypotonia]], [[ataxia]], and delayed development syndrome
* [[Intellectual disability|Intellectual developmental disorder]] 61
* Intellectual developmental disorder with or without [[peripheral neuropathy]]
* Intellectual developmental disorder, [[Dominance (genetics)|autosomal dominant]] 64 and 65
* Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 68
* [[X-linked intellectual disability|Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked]], syndromic, with pigmentary [[Mosaic (genetics)|mosaicism]] and coarse facies
* Intellectual disability, autosomal dominant 29, 30, 34, 43, 48, and 52
* Intellectual disability, autosomal recessive 5, 13, 16, 45, 46, and 61
* [[X-linked intellectual disability|Intellectual disability, X-linked]] 21, 73, 97, and 106
* Intellectual disability, X-linked, syndromic 33
* Intellectual disability-[[brachydactyly]]-[[Pierre Robin sequence|Pierre Robin syndrome]]
* Intellectual disability-facial dysmorphism syndrome due to [[SETD5]] [[haploinsufficiency]]
* [[Joubert syndrome]] 35
⚫
* [[KBG syndrome]]
* [[9q34.3 deletion syndrome|Kleefstra syndrome]] 1
* [[Lissencephaly]] 6 with microcephaly
* [[Giant platelet disorder|Macrothrombocytopenia]]-[[lymphedema]]-developmental delay-facial dysmorphism-[[camptodactyly]] syndrome
* [[Mandibulofacial dysostosis]]-macroblepharon-[[macrostomia]] syndrome
* [[Marshall–Smith syndrome|Marshall-Smith syndrome]]
* Microcephaly 4, primary, autosomal recessive
* Midface hypoplasia, [[Hearing loss|hearing impairment]], [[Hereditary elliptocytosis|elliptocytosis]], and [[nephrocalcinosis]]
* [[Mitochondrial complex IV|Mitochondrial complex 4]] deficiency, nuclear type 20
* [[Coenzyme Q – cytochrome c reductase|Mitochondrial complex III]] deficiency nuclear type 7
* [[Sanfilippo syndrome|Mucopolysaccharidosis, MPS-III]]-A to -D
* [[Neurodevelopmental disorder]] with dysmorphic facies and variable [[Seizure|seizures]]
* Neurodevelopmental disorder with facial dysmorphism, [[Muteness|absent language]], and pseudo-[[Pelger–Huët anomaly|pelger-huet anomaly]]
* Neurodevelopmental disorder with [[Delayed milestone|growth retardation]], dysmorphic facies, and corpus callosum abnormalities
* Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, short stature, and [[speech delay]]
* Neurodevelopmental disorder with severe [[Physical disability|motor impairment]] and absent language
* Neurodevelopmental disorder with [[spasticity]] and poor growth
* Neurodevelopmental disorder with spasticity, [[Cataract|cataracts]], and [[cerebellar hypoplasia]]
* [[Gray matter heterotopia|Periventricular nodular heterotopia]] 9
* [[Pontocerebellar hypoplasia]] type 7, 8, and 10
* [[Primrose syndrome]]
* Severe [[Dysphagia|feeding difficulties]]-[[failure to thrive]]-microcephaly due to [[ASXL3]] deficiency syndrome
* [[Sialuria]]
* [[Skin fold|Skin creases]], congenital symmetric circumferential, 2
* [[Smith–Magenis syndrome|Smith-Magenis syndrome]]
* [[Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia]], Genevieve type
* [[Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita|Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia]], [[sensorineural hearing loss]], impaired [[Cognitive development|intellectual development]], and [[leber congenital amaurosis]]
* Syndromic [[X-linked intellectual disability]] Chudley-Schwartz type
* Syndromic X-linked intellectual disability Nascimento type
* Syndromic X-linked intellectual disability Siderius type
* Syndromic X-linked intellectual disability Snyder type
* [[Trigonocephaly]] 1
* Uruguay Faciocardiomusculoskeletal syndrome
⚫
* [[Waardenburg syndrome]] types 1, 2A, and 3
* [[Wiedemann–Steiner syndrome|Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome]]
* [[Zimmermann–Laband syndrome|Zimmermann-Laband syndrome]] 1, 2, and 3


== See also ==
== See also ==

Revision as of 17:50, 1 December 2023

Close up of a unibrow.

A unibrow (or jacco brow or monobrow; called synophrys in medicine) is a single eyebrow created when the two eyebrows meet in the middle above the bridge of the nose.[1] The hair above the bridge of the nose is of the same color and thickness as the eyebrows, such that they converge to form one uninterrupted line of hair.

History

The word monobrow first appeared in print in 1968,[2] and the adjectival form monobrowed followed in 1973, in Martin Amis' novel The Rachel Papers.[3] The first known use of the word unibrow was in 1981.[4]

Culture and beauty

Kyrgyz Cosmonaut Salizhan Sharipov

Oman

A unibrow is considered as a sign of beauty by Baluchi Omanis. Its popularity causes women to draw a black line joining the brows as a part of their routine makeup to fake a unibrow. A study found the prevalence of synophrys to be at 11.87% in the Omani population.[5]

Tajikistan

In Tajikistan,[6] a unibrow is viewed as an attractive quality in both men and women.[citation needed] For women, it is associated with virginity and purity and, in men, virility.[citation needed] If there is no unibrow present, or if it is weak, it is commonplace for women to use a kohl liner or a modern kajal pen to simulate a unibrow.[citation needed]

Elsewhere

Gerald Grosvenor, 6th Duke of Westminster
New Zealand politician Brian MacDonell

The unibrow has largely been seen as undesirable in the Americas and Europe, with the hairs often plucked, shaved, or waxed away.[7][8] The artist Frida Kahlo was famous for her unibrow, which she often depicted in self-portraits.[9][10] Greek-Cypriot model Sophia Hadjipanteli is also known for her unibrow.[11]

It is also the trademark of NBA player Anthony Davis,[12] football player Marouane Fellaini and YouTuber ElectroBOOM. Famous boxer Roberto Elizondo also famously sported a unibrow during his professional boxing fighting days.[13]

Bert, Herry Monster, and Oscar the Grouch from Sesame Street, Muppets Sam Eagle, Statler and Animal, Tim Lockwood from Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs, Spanky Ham from Drawn Together, Squilliam Fancyson from SpongeBob SquarePants, Helga Pataki, and Harold Berman from Hey Arnold!, Babyball and Leto Otel from Ballmastrz: 9009, The Twins from Superjail!, Ed and Rolf from Ed, Edd n Eddy, and Baby Gerald from The Simpsons are fictional characters with a unibrow.

Medicine

Genetics

The unibrow is a genetic trait.[14] It is associated with the PAX3 gene.[15]

Medical conditions

A unibrow is part of normal human variation, but can also stem from developmental disorders. A unibrow is a recognized feature of Cornelia De Lange syndrome, a genetic disorder whose main features include moderate to severe learning difficulties, limb abnormalities such as oligodactyly (fewer than normal fingers or toes), and phocomelia (malformed limbs), and facial abnormalities including a long philtrum (the slight depression/line between the nose and mouth).

Other medical conditions associated with a unibrow include:[16]

See also

References

  1. ^ "confluent eyebrow". TheFreeDictionary.com. Retrieved 2016-02-02.
  2. ^ "mono-brow, n." www.oed.com. Retrieved 2020-08-14.
  3. ^ "mono-browed, adj". www.oed.com. Retrieved 2020-08-14.
  4. ^ Chisholm, Elise T. (24 Nov 1981). "How Brooke Shields is raising eyebrows again". Evening Sun. Baltimore, MD. p. 9. Retrieved 12 Mar 2021.
  5. ^ Synophrys: Epidemiological Study.P.Kumar. Int J Trichology.2017;9(3):105-107.doi: 10.4103/ijt.ijt_14_17 PMC 5596643.
  6. ^ Elder, Miriam (November 27, 2010). "Where the unibrow reigns". Global Post. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  7. ^ Adame, Amanda (2017-05-25). "People Are Embracing The Unibrow – Here's Why It's A Good Thing". Konbini United States. Retrieved 2018-08-27.
  8. ^ Usborne, Simon (2017-05-03). "Why it's finally cool to have a monobrow". the Guardian. Retrieved 2018-08-27.
  9. ^ "An Open Letter to the AGO About Frida Kahlo's Unibrow – Shameless Magazine". shamelessmag.com.
  10. ^ "Why Frida Kahlo's unibrow is important". NET-A-PORTER.
  11. ^ "Meet the model 'owning' her unibrow". Stuff. 4 April 2018.
  12. ^ "Anthony Davis Trademarked His Unibrow". Business Insider Australia. 26 June 2012.
  13. ^ "Roberto Elizondo Boxer - Wiki, Profile, Boxrec". 7 December 2017.
  14. ^ "Human Traits". faculty.southwest.tn.edu. Archived from the original on 2016-01-23. Retrieved 2016-02-02.
  15. ^ Adhikari, Kaustubh. "How we discovered the genetic origin of the 'monobrow' and other hair traits". The Conversation. Retrieved 2018-08-27.
  16. ^ "Synophrys (Concept Id: C0431447)". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2023-12-01.
  • Media related to Unibrows at Wikimedia Commons
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