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Revision as of 00:36, 9 January 2024

Capital district and Colombian regions
Distrito Capital y los Departamentos de Colombia (Spanish)
La Guajira DepartmentMagdalena DepartmentAtlántico DepartmentCesar DepartmentBolívar DepartmentNorte de Santander DepartmentSucre DepartmentCórdoba DepartmentSantander DepartmentAntioquia DepartmentBoyacá DepartmentArauca DepartmentChocó DepartmentCaldas DepartmentCundinamarca DepartmentCasanare DepartmentVichada DepartmentValle del Cauca DepartmentTolima DepartmentMeta DepartmentHuila DepartmentGuainía DepartmentGuaviare DepartmentCauca DepartmentVaupés DepartmentNariño DepartmentCaquetá DepartmentPutumayo DepartmentAmazonas (Colombian department)Risaralda DepartmentRisaralda DepartmentQuindío DepartmentQuindío DepartmentBogotáBogotáArchipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina
CategoryUnitary state
LocationRepublic of Colombia
Number32 Departments
1 Capital District
Populations48,932 (Vaupés) – 8,906,342 (Capital District)
Areas50 km2 (19.3 sq mi) (San Andrés) – 109,665.0 km2 (42,341.89 sq mi) (Amazonas)
Government
Subdivisions
This article is part of a series on the
Politics of
Colombia
Government
Executive
Legislature
Judiciary
Elections
  • Legislative elections
Administrative divisions
Political parties
Foreign relations

Colombia is a unitary republic made up of thirty-two departments (Spanish: departamentos, sing. departamento) and a Capital District (Distrito Capital).[1] Each department has a governor (gobernador) and an Assembly (Asamblea Departamental), elected by popular vote for a four-year period. The governor cannot be re-elected in consecutive periods. Departments are country subdivisions and are granted a certain degree of autonomy.

Departments are formed by a grouping of municipalities (municipios, sing. municipio). Municipal government is headed by mayor (alcalde) and administered by a municipal council (concejo municipal), both of which are elected for four-year periods.

Some departments have subdivisions above the level of municipalities, commonly known as provinces.

Chart of departments

Each one of the departments of Colombia in the map below links to a corresponding article. Current governors serving four-year terms from 2015 to 2019 are also shown, along with their respective political party or coalition.

ID Region Governor Party Capital Area (km²) Population (December 2022)[2] Density per
km2 		Established as a department Flag Code
00 Capital District Claudia López Hernández Green Bogotá 1,587 8,906,342 4670.80 1861 DC
01 Amazonas Jesús Galindo Cedeño Coalición 'Juntos por el Amazonas' Leticia 109,665 82,068 0.7 1991 AM
02 Antioquia Aníbal Gaviria Coalición 'Es el Momento de Antioquia' Medellín 63,612 6,887,306 100.72 1886 AN
03 Arauca José Facundo Castillo Coalición 'Unidos por Arauca' Arauca 23,818 304,978 11.01 1991 AR
04 Atlántico Elsa Noguera Coalición 'La Clave es la Gente' Barranquilla 3,388 2,804,025 748.38 1910 AT
05 Bolívar Vicente Antonio Blel Conservative Cartagena 25,978 2,236,603 79.69 1886 BL
06 Boyacá Ramiro Barragán Adame Green Tunja 23,189 1,259,601 52.50 1824 BY
07 Caldas Luis Carlos Velásquez Coalición 'Unidos por Caldas' Manizales 7,888 1,036,455 126.55 1905 CL
08 Caquetá Arnulfo Gasca Trujillo Conservative Florencia 88,965 419,275 4.52 1981 CQ
09 Casanare Salomón Andrés Sanabria CD Yopal 44,640 442,068 9.42 1991 CS
10 Cauca Elías Larrahondo Carabalí Coalición 'Porque Sí es Posible' Popayán 29,308 1,516,018 49.97 1824 CA
11 Cesar Luis Alberto Monsalvo Gnecco Coalición 'Alianza por el Cesar' Valledupar 22,905 1,341,697 52.42 1967 CE
12 Chocó Ariel Palacios Calderón Coalición 'Generando Confianza por un Mejor Chocó' Quibdó 46,530 553,519 11.49 1947 CH
13 Córdoba Orlando David Benítez Liberal Montería 25,020 1,856,496 71.33 1951 CO
14 Cundinamarca Nicolás García Bustos Coalición 'Gran Cundinamarca' Bogotá 24,210 2,473,634 120.57 1824 CU
15 Guainía Juan Carlos Iral Gómez De La U Inirida 72,238 52,061 0.67 1991 GN
16 Guaviare Heydeer Yovanny Palacio CR San José del Guaviare   53,460 90,357 1.55 1991 GV
17 Huila Luis Enrique Dussán Coalición 'Huila Crece' Neiva 19,890 1,140,932 55.32 1910 HU
18 La Guajira Nemesio Roys Garzón Coalición 'Un Cambio por La Guajira' Riohacha 20,848 1,002,394 42.24 1965 LG
19 Magdalena Carlos Caicedo G.S.C. Fuerza Ciudadana - Magdalena Santa Marta 23,188 1,463,427 57.86 1824 MA
20 Meta Juan Guillermo Zuluaga De La U Villavicencio 85,635 1,080,706 12.14 1959 ME
21 Nariño Jhon Alexander Rojas Coalición 'Mi Nariño' Pasto 33,268 1,629,181 49.01 1910 NA
22 Norte de Santander Silvano Serrano Guerrero Conservative Cúcuta 21,658 1,651,278 68.87 1910 NS
23 Putumayo Buanerges Rosero Coalición 'Así es el Putumayo, Tierra de Paz' Mocoa 24,885 369,064 13.99 1991 PU
24 Quindío Roberto Jairo Jaramillo Liberal Armenia 1,845 569,569 292.63 1966 QD
25 Risaralda Sigifredo Salazar Osorio Conservative Pereira 4,140 977,829 227.87 1966 RI
26 San Andrés y Providencia   Everth Julio Hawkins Coalición 'Todos por un Nuevo Comienzo' San Andrés 52 65,228 1178.46 1991 SA
27 Santander Mauricio Aguilar Coalición 'Siempre Santander' Bucaramanga 30,537 2,324,090 71.55 1886 ST
28 Sucre Héctor Olimpo Espinosa Liberal Sincelejo 10,917 972,350 82.89 1966 SU
29 Tolima José Ricardo Orozco Conservative Ibagué 23,562 1,346,935 56.45 1886 TO
30 Valle del Cauca Clara Luz Roldán Coalición 'Todos por el Valle del Cauca' Cali 22,140 4,589,278 202.16 1910 VC
31 Vaupés Elícer Pérez CD Mitú 54,135 48,932 0.75 1991 VP
32 Vichada Álvaro Arley León Coalición 'Álvaro León Sabe Como Es' Puerto Carreño 100,242 115,778 1.08 1991 VD

Indigenous territories

Main article: Indigenous territory (Colombia)

The indigenous territories are at the third level of administrative division in Colombia, as are the municipalities. Indigenous territories are created by agreement between the government and indigenous communities. In cases where indigenous territories cover more than one department or municipality, local governments jointly administer them with the indigenous councils, as set out in Articles 329 and 330 of the Colombian Constitution of 1991. Also indigenous territories may achieve local autonomy if they meet the requirements of the law.

Article 329 of the 1991 constitution recognizes the collective indigenous ownership of indigenous territories and repeats that are inalienable. Law 160 of 1994 created the National System of Agrarian Reform and Rural Development Campesino, and replaced Law 135 of 1961 on Agrarian Social Reform; it establishes and sets out the functions of INCORA, one of the most important being to declare which territories will acquire the status of indigenous protection and what extension of existing ones will be allowed. Decree 2164 of 1995 interprets Law 160 of 1994, providing, among other things, a legal definition of indigenous territories.[3]

Indigenous territories in Colombia are mostly in the departments of Amazonas, Cauca, La Guajira, Guaviare, and Vaupés.[1]

History

Historical predecessors of current departments

Evolution of Colombian Departments
1824
1886
1905
1908
1912
1916
1928
1942
1958
1966
1990
Actual
Current name and flag Established as a department First established under the following name Establishment of earliest territorial predecessor Sovereign State that established the earliest territorial predecessor
 Amazonas 1991 Intendancy of Amazonas 1931  Republic of Colombia
 Antioquia 1886 Province of Antioquia 1576  Crown of Castile
 Arauca 1991 Commissary of Arauca 1911  Republic of Colombia
 Atlántico 1910 Province of Sabanilla 1852  Republic of New Granada
 Bogotá 1861 Federal District of Bogotá 1861  Granadine Confederation
 Bolívar 1886 Province of Cartagena 1533  Crown of Castile
 Boyacá 1824 Province of Tunja 1539  Crown of Castile
 Caldas 1908 Department of Caldas 1908  Republic of Colombia
 Caquetá 1981 Intendancy of Caquetá 1905  Republic of Colombia
 Casanare 1991 Province of Casanare 1660  Crown of Castile
 Cauca 1824 Province of Popayán 1537  Crown of Castile
 Cesar 1967 Department of Cesar 1967  Republic of Colombia
 Chocó 1947 Province of Chocó 1726  Kingdom of Spain
 Córdoba 1951 Department of Córdoba 1951  Republic of Colombia
 Cundinamarca 1824 Province of Santafé de Bogotá 1550  Crown of Castile
 Guainía 1991 Commissary of Guainía 1963  Republic of Colombia
 Guaviare 1991 Commissary of Guaviare 1977  Republic of Colombia
 Huila 1910 Province of Neiva 1610  Crown of Castile
 La Guajira 1965 Provincia de Riohacha 1789  Kingdom of Spain
 Magdalena 1824 Province of Santa Marta 1533  Crown of Castile
 Meta 1959 Intendancy of Meta 1905  Republic of Colombia
 Nariño 1910 Province of Pasto 1823  Republic of Colombia
 Norte de Santander 1910 Province of Pamplona 1555  Crown of Castile
 Putumayo 1991 Commissary of Putumayo 1912  Republic of Colombia
 Quindío 1966 Department of Quindío 1966  Republic of Colombia
 Risaralda 1966 Department of Risaralda 1966  Republic of Colombia
 San Andrés y Providencia 1991 Providence Island Colony 1630  Kingdom of England
 Santander 1886 Province of Socorro 1795  Kingdom of Spain
 Sucre 1966 Department of Sucre 1966  Republic of Colombia
 Tolima 1886 Province of Mariquita 1550  Crown of Castile
 Valle del Cauca 1910 Province of Cauca 1835  Republic of New Granada
 Vaupés 1991 Commissary of Vaupés 1910  Republic of Colombia
 Vichada 1991 Commissary of Vichada 1913  Republic of Colombia

Former departments of Colombia

Name Capital Established as a department on Ceased to exist in Today part of
Gran Colombia Venezuela Caracas 1820 1830  Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
Gran Colombia Ecuador Quito 1820 1830  Republic of Ecuador
Gran Colombia Spanish Haiti Santo Domingo 1821 1822  Dominican Republic
Gran Colombia Florida Fernandina 1817 1817  United States of America
Gran Colombia Orinoco Cumaná 1824 1830  Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
Gran Colombia Zulia Maracaibo 1824 1830  Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
Gran Colombia Apure Barinas 1824 1830  Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
Gran Colombia Azuay Cuenca 1824 1830  Republic of Ecuador
Gran Colombia Guayaquil Guayaquil 1824 1830  Republic of Ecuador
Gran Colombia Isthmus Panamá 1824 1830  Republic of Panama
Colombia Panamá Panamá 1886 1903  Republic of Panama
Colombia Galán San Gil 1905 1908  Santander
Colombia Quesada Zipaquirá 1905 1908  Cundinamarca

The Republic of Gran Colombia

Main article: Subdivisions of Gran Colombia

When it was first established in 1819, The Republic of Gran Colombia had three departments. Venezuela, Cundinamarca (now Colombia) and Quito (now Ecuador).[4] In 1824, the Distrito del Centro (which became Colombia) was divided into five departments and further divided into seventeen provinces. One department, Istmo Department, consisting of two provinces, later became Panama.[5]

Republic of New Granada

Main article: Republic of New Granada

With the dissolution of Gran Colombia in 1826 by the Revolution of the Morrocoyes (La Cosiata), New Granada kept its 17 provinces. In 1832 the provinces of Vélez and Barbacoas were created, and in 1835 those of Buenaventura and Pasto were added. In 1843 those of Cauca, Mompós and Túquerres were created. At this time the cantons (cantones) and parish districts were created, which provided the basis for the present-day municipalities.[5][6]

By 1853 the number of provinces had increased to thirty-six, namely:Antioquia, Azuero, Barbacoas, Bogotá, Buenaventura, Cartagena, Casanare, Cauca, Chiriquí, Chocó, Córdova, Cundinamarca, García Rovira, Mariquita, Medellín, Mompós, Neiva, Ocaña, Pamplona, Panamá, Pasto, Popayán, Riohacha, Sabanilla, Santa Marta, Santander, Socorro, Soto, Tequendama, Tunja, Tundama, Túquerres, Valle de Upar, Veraguas, Vélez and Zipaquirá.[6] However, the new constitution of 1853 introduced federalism, which lead to the consolidation of provinces into states. By 1858 this process was complete, with a resulting eight federal states: Panamá was formed in 1855, Antioquia in 1856, Santander in May 1857, and Bolívar, Boyacá, Cauca, Cundinamarca and Magdalena were formed in June 1858. 1861 saw the creation of the final federal state of Tolima.[7]

Republic of Colombia

The Colombian Constitution of 1886 converted the states of Colombia into departments, with the state presidents renamed as governors. The states formed the following original departments:

  • Departments of Colombia with municipalities
    Departments of Colombia with municipalities
  • Map with numbered departments
    Map with numbered departments
  • Departments of Colombia with names
    Departments of Colombia with names
  • Political map of Colombia
    Political map of Colombia
  • Topography of Colombia, highly variable per department
    Topography of Colombia, highly variable per department

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Division Política de Colombia" (in Spanish). Portal ColombiaYA.com. Archived from the original on 10 March 2009.
  2. ^ http://www.dane.gov.co/daneweb_V09/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=307&Itemid=124 |archive= https://web.archive.org/web/20110517163649/http://www.dane.gov.co/daneweb_V09/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=307&Itemid=124
  3. ^ Decree 2164 of 1995 provides "Reserva Indígena. Es un globo de terreno baldío ocupado por una o varias comunidades indígenas que fué delimitado y legalmente asignado por el INCORA a aquellas para que ejerzan en él los derechos de uso y usufructo con exclusión de terceros. Las reservas indígenas constituyen tierras comunales de grupos étnicos, para los fines previstos en el artículo 63 de la Constitución Política y la ley 21 de 1991. […] Territorios Indígenas. Son las áreas poseidas en forma regular y permanente por una comunidad, parcialidad o grupo indígena y aquellas que, aunque no se encuentren poseidas en esa forma, constituyen el ámbito tradicional de sus actividades sociales, económicas y culturales. " Art. 21: "Los resguardos son una institución legal y sociopolítica de carácter especial, conformada por una o más comunidades indígenas, que con un título de propiedad colectiva que goza de las garantías de la propiedad privada, poseen su territorio y se rigen para el manejo de éste y su vida interna por una organización autónoma amparada por el fuero indígena y su sistema normativo propio."
  4. ^ Guhl Nannetti, Ernesto (1991). "Capítulo XII: División Política de la Gran Colombia". Las fronteras políticas y los límites naturales: escritos geograficos [Political Boundaries and Their Natural Limits: Geographic writings] (in Spanish). Bogotá: Fondo FEN. ISBN 978-958-9129-22-7.
  5. ^ a b Aguilera Peña, Mario (January 2002). "División política administrativa de Colombia". Credential Historia (in Spanish). Bogotá: Banco de la República. Archived from the original on 16 February 2011.
  6. ^ a b Oficina Nacional de Estadística (Office of National Statistics) (1876). "Estadística de Colombia" [Colombian Statistics] (PDF) (in Spanish). Bogotá: Oficina Nacional de Estadística. Retrieved 23 November 2016.[permanent dead link]
  7. ^ Domínguez, Camilo; Chaparro, Jeffer; Gómez, Carla (2006). "Construcción y deconstrucción territorial del Caribe Colombiano durante el siglo XIX". Scripta Nova (Revista Electrónica de Geografía y Ciencias Sociales). 10 (218 (75)).
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