Jump to content

Pueblo: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Line 26: Line 26:
One teaching simply refers to "pueblo" as a type of adobe house or dwelling place.{{cn|date=September 2022}}
One teaching simply refers to "pueblo" as a type of adobe house or dwelling place.{{cn|date=September 2022}}


The word ''pueblo'' is the Spanish word both for "town" or "village" and for "people". It comes from the Latin root word ''[[people|populus]]'' meaning "people". Spanish colonials applied the term to their own civic settlements, but to only those Native American settlements having fixed locations and permanent buildings. Less-permanent native settlements (such as those found in California) were often referred to as ''rancherías''.{{cn}} However, the oldest district of [[Los Angeles]] was known as [[Pueblo de Los Ángeles|''El Pueblo de Nuestra Señorala Reina de los Ángeles del Rio de Porciúncula'']] or [[El Pueblo de Los Ángeles Historical Monument|El Pueblo de Los Angeles]] for short.<ref name="laalmanac a">{{cite web | title=Origin of the Name Los Angeles | website=laalmanac.com | url=https://www.laalmanac.com/history/hi03a.php | access-date=9 March 2023}}</ref><ref name="LAT-name">{{cite news |last1=Pool |first1=Bob |title=City of Angel's First Name Still bedevils historians |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-mar-26-me-name26-story.html |access-date=9 March 2024 |publisher=The Los Angeles Times |date=26 March 2005}}</ref>
The word ''pueblo'' is the Spanish word both for "town" or "village" and for "people". It comes from the Latin root word ''[[people|populus]]'' meaning "people". Spanish colonials applied the term to their own civic settlements, but to only those Native American settlements having fixed locations and permanent buildings.<ref name="Fletcher" /> Less-permanent native settlements (such as those found in California) were often referred to as ''rancherías''.{{cn}} However, the oldest district of [[Los Angeles]] was known as [[Pueblo de Los Ángeles|''El Pueblo de Nuestra Señorala Reina de los Ángeles del Rio de Porciúncula'']] or [[El Pueblo de Los Ángeles Historical Monument|El Pueblo de Los Angeles]] for short.<ref name="laalmanac a">{{cite web | title=Origin of the Name Los Angeles | website=laalmanac.com | url=https://www.laalmanac.com/history/hi03a.php | access-date=9 March 2023}}</ref><ref name="LAT-name">{{cite news |last1=Pool |first1=Bob |title=City of Angel's First Name Still bedevils historians |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-mar-26-me-name26-story.html |access-date=9 March 2024 |publisher=The Los Angeles Times |date=26 March 2005}}</ref>


{{Blockquote|sign=|source=|On the central Spanish ''Meseta'' the unit of settlement was and is the ''pueblo''; which is to say, the large [[nucleated village]] surrounded by its own fields, with no outlying farms, separated from its neighbors by some considerable distance, sometimes as much as ten miles [16 km] or so. The demands of agrarian routine and the need for defense, the simple desire for human society in the vast solitude of, dictated that it should be so. Nowadays the pueblo might have a population running into thousands. Doubtless, they were much smaller in the early [[middle ages]], but we should probably not be far wrong if we think of them as having had populations of some hundreds.<ref name="Fletcher">Fletcher, Richard A. (1984) ''Saint James's Catapult: The Life and Times of Diego Gelmírez of Santiago de Compostela'', Oxford: Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|0-19-822581-4}} ([http://libro.uca.edu/sjc/sjc.htm on-line text, ch. 1])</ref>}}
{{Blockquote|sign=|source=|On the central Spanish ''Meseta'' the unit of settlement was and is the ''pueblo''; which is to say, the large [[nucleated village]] surrounded by its own fields, with no outlying farms, separated from its neighbors by some considerable distance, sometimes as much as ten miles [16 km] or so. The demands of agrarian routine and the need for defense, the simple desire for human society in the vast solitude of, dictated that it should be so. Nowadays the pueblo might have a population running into thousands. Doubtless, they were much smaller in the early [[middle ages]], but we should probably not be far wrong if we think of them as having had populations of some hundreds.<ref name="Fletcher">Fletcher, Richard A. (1984) ''Saint James's Catapult: The Life and Times of Diego Gelmírez of Santiago de Compostela'', Oxford: Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|0-19-822581-4}} ([http://libro.uca.edu/sjc/sjc.htm on-line text, ch. 1])</ref>}}

Revision as of 23:34, 9 March 2024

For the city in Colorado, see Pueblo, Colorado. For other uses, see Pueblo (disambiguation).
Pueblo
CategoryFederal Unit[citation needed]
Created
Number19 in New Mexico[1] unknown amount in Arizona, Colorado, Utah or Mexico. 21 of them are federally recognized: 19 in New Mexico, 1 in Arizona, and 1 in Texas
Government

Pueblo refers to the settlements and to the Native American tribes of the Pueblo peoples in the Southwestern United States, currently in New Mexico, Arizona, and Texas. The permanent communities, including some of the oldest continually occupied settlements in the United States, are called pueblos (lowercased).

Spanish explorers of northern New Spain used the term pueblo to refer to permanent Indigenous towns they found in the region, mainly in New Mexico and parts of Arizona, in the former province of Nuevo México. This term continued to be used to describe the communities housed in apartment structures built of stone, adobe, and other local material.[2] The structures were usually multi-storied buildings surrounding an open plaza, with rooms accessible only through ladders raised and lowered by the inhabitants, thus protecting them from break-ins and unwanted guests. Larger pueblos were occupied by hundreds to thousands of Puebloan people.

Several federally recognized tribes have traditionally resided in pueblos of such design. Later Pueblo Deco and modern Pueblo Revival architecture, which mixes elements of traditional Pueblo and Hispano design, has continued to be a popular architectural style in New Mexico.

The term is now part of the proper name of some historical sites, such as Pueblo of Acoma.

Etymology and usage

This article is part of a series on
Political divisions of
the United States
Coat of arms of the United States
First level
Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Other areas

United States portal

One teaching simply refers to "pueblo" as a type of adobe house or dwelling place.[citation needed]

The word pueblo is the Spanish word both for "town" or "village" and for "people". It comes from the Latin root word populus meaning "people". Spanish colonials applied the term to their own civic settlements, but to only those Native American settlements having fixed locations and permanent buildings.[3] Less-permanent native settlements (such as those found in California) were often referred to as rancherías.[citation needed] However, the oldest district of Los Angeles was known as El Pueblo de Nuestra Señorala Reina de los Ángeles del Rio de Porciúncula or El Pueblo de Los Angeles for short.[4][5]

On the central Spanish Meseta the unit of settlement was and is the pueblo; which is to say, the large nucleated village surrounded by its own fields, with no outlying farms, separated from its neighbors by some considerable distance, sometimes as much as ten miles [16 km] or so. The demands of agrarian routine and the need for defense, the simple desire for human society in the vast solitude of, dictated that it should be so. Nowadays the pueblo might have a population running into thousands. Doubtless, they were much smaller in the early middle ages, but we should probably not be far wrong if we think of them as having had populations of some hundreds.[3]

Pueblo tribes

Of the federally recognized Native American communities in the Southwest, those designated by the King of Spain as pueblo at the time Spain ceded territory to the United States, after the American Revolutionary War, are legally recognized as Pueblo by the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Some of the pueblos also came under the jurisdiction of the United States, in its view, by its treaty with Mexico, which had briefly gained rule over territory in the Southwest ceded by Spain after Mexican independence. There are 21 federally recognized Pueblos[6] that are home to Pueblo peoples. Their official federal names are as follows:

One unrecognized tribe, the Piro/Manso/Tiwa Indian Tribe of the Pueblo of San Juan Guadalupe is currently petitioning the US Department of the Interior for federal recognition.[8]

Civic institutions

Indian Pueblo Cultural Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico

Each Pueblo is autonomous with its own governmental structure. Several organizations serve to unite the interests of difference Pueblos including the Albuquerque-based All Pueblo Council of Governors[9] who collectively negotiates for land and water rights and advocates for Pueblo interests with the state and federal government. The interests of the northernmost Pueblos are served by the Eight Northern Indian Pueblos Council based in Ohkay Owingeh (formerly San Juan Pueblo).[9] Cochiti, Jemez, Sandia, Santa Ana, and Zia are served by the Five Sandoval Indian Pueblos, a nonprofit organization based in Rio Rancho.[9]

The Indian Pueblo Cultural Center, founded in 1976 in Albuquerque, educates the public about all Pueblos through art, dance, and educational experiences.[10] It also has a café and a restaurant,[10] Indian Pueblo Kitchen, serving Indigenous cuisine.

Historical places

She-we-na (Zuni Pueblo), katsina tihu (Paiyatemu), late 19th century. Brooklyn Museum
Main article: Ancient dwellings of Pueblo peoples

Pre-Columbian towns and villages in the Southwest, such as Acoma, were located in defensible positions, for example, on high steep mesas. Anthropologists and official documents often refer to ancient residents of the area as pueblo cultures. For example, the National Park Service states, "The Late Puebloan cultures built the large, integrated villages found by the Spaniards when they began to move into the area."[11] The people of some pueblos, such as Taos Pueblo, still inhabit centuries-old adobe pueblo buildings.[12]

Contemporary residents often maintain other homes outside the historic pueblos.[12] Adobe and light construction methods resembling adobe now dominate architecture at the many pueblos of the area, in nearby towns or cities, and in much of the American Southwest.[13]

In addition to contemporary pueblos, numerous ruins of archeological interest are located throughout the Southwest. Some are of relatively recent origin. Others are of prehistoric origin, such as the cliff dwellings and other habitations of the Ancient Pueblo peoples, who emerged as a people around the 12th century BCE and began to construct their pueblos about 750–900 CE.[14][15]

See also

References

  1. ^ "23 NM Federally Recognized Tribes in NM Counties". Secretary of State of New Mexico. Retrieved 20 February 2022.
  2. ^ Stewart, George (2008) [1945]. Names on the Land: A Historical Account of Place-Naming in the United States. New York: NYRB Classics. pp. 23–24. ISBN 978-1-59017-273-5.
  3. ^ a b Fletcher, Richard A. (1984) Saint James's Catapult: The Life and Times of Diego Gelmírez of Santiago de Compostela, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-822581-4 (on-line text, ch. 1)
  4. ^ "Origin of the Name Los Angeles". laalmanac.com. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
  5. ^ Pool, Bob (26 March 2005). "City of Angel's First Name Still bedevils historians". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
  6. ^ "Indian Entities Recognized and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs; Notice" Federal Register 12 July 2002, Part IV, Department of Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs
  7. ^ Indian Affairs Bureau (8 January 2024). "Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs". Federal Register. 89 (944): 944–48. Retrieved 8 March 2024.
  8. ^ "Petition #005: Piro/Manso/Tiwa Indian Tribe of the Pueblo of San Juan de Guadalupe, NM". Indian Affairs. U.S. Department of the Interior, Indian Affairs. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
  9. ^ a b c "New Mexico Pueblos: Pueblo Organizations". New Mexico Department of Indian Affairs. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
  10. ^ a b "Indian Pueblo Cultural Center". New Mexico True. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
  11. ^ NPS with link to PDF file: "The Origins of the Salinas Pueblos", in In the Midst of a Loneliness: The Architectural History of the Salinas Missions, U.S. National Park Service
  12. ^ a b Gibson, Daniel (2001) Pueblos of the Rio Grande: A Visitor's Guide, Rio Nuevo Publishers, Tucson, Arizona, p. 78, ISBN 1-887896-26-0
  13. ^ Paradis, Thomas W. (2003) Pueblo Revival Architecture Archived 2008-02-10 at the Wayback Machine, Northern Arizona University
  14. ^ Hewit "Puebloan History" Archived 2016-10-21 at the Wayback Machine, University of Northern Colorado
  15. ^ Gibson, Daniel (2001) "Pueblo History", in Pueblos of the Rio Grande: A Visitor's Guide, Tucson, Arizona: Rio Nuevo Publishers, pp. 3–4, ISBN 1-887896-26-0
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pueblo&oldid=1212870455"