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Revision as of 08:29, 28 June 2024
The Samajwadi Party (abbr. SP; lit. 'Socialist Party') is a socialist political party in India. It was founded on 4 October 1992 by former Janata Dal politician Mulayam Singh Yadav and is headquartered in New Delhi. The Samajwadi Party is currently led by former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Akhilesh Yadav.[15][16][17] It is currently third-largest party in Lok Sabha with 37 seats.
While the party is largely based in Uttar Pradesh,[18] it has significant presence in many other Indian states as well. It has been the ruling party in the state of Uttar Pradesh for four terms – three times under Chief Minister Mulayam Singh Yadav, the fourth and most recent being Chief Minister Akhilesh Yadav's full majority government in the 2012-2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly.
The coalition of the party and its alliance partners: Samajwadi Alliance SP+ is currently the largest party in Uttar Pradesh and the third largest party in the country with over 41 Members of Parliament, and has one of the largest vote bases in the state of Uttar Pradesh in terms of the collective voting pattern in the state-based electoral system, with more than 37% vote share in the 2022 assembly elections and 44% in the 2024 general elections.[19][20]
History
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Party_symbolism_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/220px-Party_symbolism_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg)
The Samajwadi Party was one of several parties that emerged when Janata Dal fragmented into several regional parties.[21] The party was founded by Mulayam Singh Yadav in 1992.[22][23] Created just months before the Babri Masjid demolition, the party rose to power by pursuing secular politics. The support of its key voters, Other Backward Classes and Muslims helped the party become a major political force in Uttar Pradesh.[24][25]
In West Bengal, the West Bengal Socialist Party of Kiranmoy Nanda merged with the SP in 2010. The Samajwadi Party is now led by former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Akhilesh Yadav.
He was chosen as the President for the first time in an Emergency meeting in 2017. He was chosen for second time in 2017 at Agra Convention of Samajwadi Party. He was chosen for the third time at the party's national convention held in September 2022 at Lucknow,[15][16][17] after he was chosen as the President at the party's national convention held on 1 January 2017.
The party have contested Lok Sabha and State Assembly elections around the country, but by far the bulk of its victories have been in Uttar Pradesh. In the 2012 legislative assembly elections of Uttar Pradesh, SP registered a landslide victory with a clear majority in the house, thus enabling it to form a government in the state. This was expected to be the fifth term of Mulayam Singh Yadav as Chief Minister of state, but he selected his son, Akhilesh Yadav instead. This became official on 15 March. It was also the first time that SP was head of the UP government for a full term of five years.[26][27] However, the party suffered a landslide defeat in the 2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election, slumping to only 47 seats as the Bharatiya Janata Party swept to victory.
National Convention of January 2017
In a National Convention held on 1 January 2017, called by Ram Gopal Yadav, Akhilesh Yadav was appointed as president of the Party for 5 years.[28]
Position in state and national politics
Alliance
The Samajwadi Party provided outside support to the United Progressive Alliance government up to the fourteenth general election. After the fourteenth general election, its support became unnecessary when the UPA became the largest alliance. It contested the 2009 general election in alliance with the Rashtriya Janata Dal and the Lok Janshakti Party of Bihar.[29]
In April 2014, the Save Indian Family Foundation encouraged voters to support the Samajwadi Party or vote None of the above because they had said they opposed the alleged misuse of gender bias laws.[30]
In the last general election, the Samajwadi Party was defeated by the BJP in Uttar Pradesh though allying with Bahujan Samaj Party.[31] It became the thirteenth largest party in parliament.[32] In the general elections of 2019, it won only five seats, while the Indian National Congress gained 52 seats and the Bharatiya Janata Party obtained a clear mandate with 303 seats.
Recently, Samajwadi Party joined the newly formed Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance formed as an umbrella alliance of opposition parties in India.[33][34][35]
Most recently, in the 2024 Indian general election, the Samajwadi Party gained a historic upheaval of seats, numbering to 37, becoming the 3rd largest Party in the 18th Lok Sabha, before BJP and the Indian National Congress.
Presence in state assemblies
The SP has two MLAs each in Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and one newly elected MLA in the 2022 Gujarat assembly election.
Samajwadi Prahari and Samajwadi Sanwad
Under the guidance of Kailash Chaurasia, who was the Minister of State in the Government of Uttar Pradesh and under the direction of Dr.Arvind Srivastava, Shri Shivendra Nandan [36] made the formal announcement of the formation of Samajwadi Sentinel and in this sequence, Samajwadi Samvad to put forward the public's views. He reportedly cited the fight for equal rights for all races and issues related to inequality in youth-related matters as the main issues presented. The Samajwadi Party has front line campaigning groups.[37] Ongoing debate on party policy comes from many of their leaders. Among them are:
- Chhatra Sabha Sanwad
- Yuvjan Sabha Sanwad
- Samajwadi prahari Sanwad
- Mulayam Singh Youth Brigade Sanwad
- Lohiya Vahini Sanwad
- Shikshak Sabha Sanwad
- Vyapar Sabha Sanwad
- Adhivakta Sabha Sanwad
- Ambedkar Vahini Samwad
Electoral performances
Lok Sabha elections
Lok Sabha Term | Lok Sabha | Seats contested | Seats won | % of votes | State (seats) | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
11th Lok Sabha | 1996 | 111 | 16 | 3.3% | Uttar Pradesh (16) Bihar (1) | [38] |
12th Lok Sabha | 1998 | 166 | 19 | 4.9% | Uttar Pradesh (19) | [39] |
13th Lok Sabha | 1999 | 151 | 26 | 3.8% | Uttar Pradesh (26) | [40] |
14th Lok Sabha | 2004 | 237 | 36 | 4.3% | Uttar Pradesh (35) Uttarakhand (1) |
[41] |
15th Lok Sabha | 2009 | 193 | 23 | 3.4% | Uttar Pradesh (23) | [42] |
16th Lok Sabha | 2014 | 197 | 5 | 3.4% | Uttar Pradesh (5) | [43] |
17th Lok Sabha | 2019 | 49 | 5 | 2.6% | Uttar Pradesh (5) | [44] |
18th Lok Sabha | 2024 | 62 | 37 | 4.58% | Uttar Pradesh (37) | [45] |
Assembly elections
Vidhan Sabha Term | UP elections | Seats contested | Seats won | % of votes | Party Votes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly | ||||||
12th Vidhan Sabha | 1993 | 256 | 109 | 17.94 | 8,963,697 | [46] |
13th Vidhan Sabha | 1996 | 281 | 110 | 21.80 | 12,085,226 | [47] |
14th Vidhan Sabha | 2002 | 390 | 143 | 25.37 | 13,612,509 | [48] |
15th Vidhan Sabha | 2007 | 393 | 97 | 25.43 | 13,267,674 | [49] |
16th Vidhan Sabha | 2012 | 401 | 224 | 29.15 | 22,107,241 | [50] |
17th Vidhan Sabha | 2017 | 311 | 47 | 21.82 | 18,923,689 | [51] |
18th Vidhan Sabha | 2022 | 347 | 111 | 32.06 | 29,543,934 | [52] |
Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly | ||||||
11th Vidhan Sabha | 1998 | 228 | 4 | 1.58 | 4,19,626 | [53] |
12th Vidhan Sabha | 2003 | 161 | 7 | 3.71 | 9,46,891 | [54] |
13th Vidhan Sabha | 2008 | 187 | 1 | 1.90 | 5,01,324 | [55] |
14th Vidhan Sabha | 2013 | 161 | 0 | 1.2 | 4,04,853 | [56] |
15th Vidhan Sabha | 2018 | 52 | 1 | 1.3 | 4,96,025 | [57] |
Maharashtra Legislative Assembly | ||||||
9th Vidhan Sabha | 1995 | 22 | 3 | 0.93 | 3,56,731 | [58] |
10th Vidhan Sabha | 1999 | 15 | 2 | 0.7 | 2,27,640 | [59] |
11th Vidhan Sabha | 2004 | 95 | 0 | 1.13 | 4,71,425 | [60] |
12th Vidhan Sabha | 2009 | 31 | 4 | 1.11 | 3,37,378 | [61] |
13th Vidhan Sabha | 2014 | 22 | 1 | 0.17 | 92,304 | [62] |
14th Vidhan Sabha | 2019 | 7 | 2 | 0.22 | 1,23,267 | [63] |
List of chief ministers
No. | Name Constituency |
Term of office[64][65] | Tenure length | Party[a] | Assembly[66] (Election) |
Ref | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Mulayam Singh Yadav Jaswantnagar |
4 December 1993 | 3 June 1995 | 1 year, 181 days | Samajwadi Party | Twelfth Assembly (1993–95) (1993 election) |
[67] |
(1) | Mulayam Singh Yadav Gunnaur |
29 August 2003 | 13 May 2007 | 3 years, 257 days | Samajwadi Party | Fourteenth Assembly (2002–07) (2002 election) |
[67] |
2 | Akhilesh Yadav MLC |
15 March 2012 | 19 March 2017 | 5 years, 4 days | Samajwadi Party | Sixteenth Assembly (2012–17) (2012 election) |
[68] |
- ^ This column only names the chief minister's party. The state government he or she heads may be a complex coalition of several parties and independents; these are not listed here.
List of central ministers
No. | Name | Term of office | Portfolio | Prime Minister | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Mulayam Singh Yadav | 1 June 1996 | 19 March 1998 | Minister of Defence | H. D. Deve Gowda I. K. Gujral | |
2 | Janeshwar Mishra | 10 July 1996 | May 1997 | Minister of Water Resources | H. D. Deve Gowda I. K. Gujral | |
3 | Beni Prasad Verma | 1 June 1996 | 19 March 1998 | Minister of Communications and Information Technology | H. D. Deve Gowda I. K. Gujral | |
4 | Saleem Iqbal Shervani[69] | May 1997 | 19 March 1998 | Minister of External Affairs(M.O.S.) | I.K. Gujral |
Prominent members
- Mulayam Singh Yadav, founder and former President of Samajwadi Party, former Defence minister of India and former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh.[70][71][72]
- Akhilesh Yadav, President of Samajwadi Party and former chief minister of Uttar Pradesh.[73][74]
- Azam Khan, Member of Parliament, 9 time MLA, Member of Parliament Loksabha Rampur former cabinet minister of Uttar Pradesh and former Member of Rajya Sabha from Uttar Pradesh.[75][76]
- Janeshwar Mishra, former cabinet minister, Government of India. Former Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha.
- Shivpal Singh Yadav, Former State President of Samajwadi Party, Member of Legislative Assembly from Jaswantnagar - 6th term, Former Cabinet Minister(UP Govt.), Former Leader of Opposition
- Beni Prasad Verma, former Union Cabinet Minister of India[77]
- Awadhesh Prasad, General Secretary of Samajwadi Party, Former Cabinet Minister of Uttar Pradesh, founding member
- Anantram Jaiswal former Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha, Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha, Minister and Samajwadi Ideologist, Founding member
- Kiranmoy Nanda, Vice President of Samajwadi Party
- Naresh Uttam Patel, Former Uttar Pradesh State president of Samajwadi Party.[78]
- Profesor Ram Gopal Yadav, Party Leader in Rajya Sabha
- Jaya Bachchan, Indian actress and Rajya Sabha MP from Uttar Pradesh.[79]
- Ram Govind Chaudhary, Leader of opposition in Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly.[80]
- Indrajit Saroj, National General Secretary, Deputy Leader of Opposition in Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly[81]
- Balram Yadav, 5 times elected as Member of Legislative Assembly from Atraulia Assembly constituency and 4 times as Member of Legislative Council, Former Cabinet Minister (UP Govt.), He is prominent leader in purvanchal( Eastern Uttar Pradesh).
- Sanjay Lathar, Leader of Opposition in Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council.
- Dr. Sangram Yadav, 3 times Member of the Legislative Assembly (India) from Atraulia Assembly constituency and Whip/sachetak of Samajwadi party vidhan mandal dal.
- Abu Asim Azmi, Samajwadi Party Maharashtra state President, Member of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly and former Member of Rajya Sabha.
- Mohan Singh, former Member of Parliament Rajya Sabha
- Harendra Singh Malik, former MP Rajya Sabha, prominent Jat leader from Western Uttar Pradesh.
- Pankaj Kumar Malik, MLA from Charthawal Assembly Seat.
- Vishambhar Prasad Nishad, Samajwadi Party General Secretary, Rajya Sabha MP, former Member of Lok Sabha, and former Cabinet Minister of Uttar Pradesh.
- Balwant Singh Ramoowalia, Prominent Sikh leader and former cabinet minister of Uttar Pradesh.
- Anand Singh, leader, ex 5 time MP and MLA from Gonda district, and former Cabinet Minister of Agriculture from Uttar Pradesh Government, under Akhilesh Yadav from 2012 to 2014.
State leadership
- Abu Asim Azmi: Maharashtra
- Shyamlal Pal: Uttar Pradesh
- Dr.Manoj Yadav: Madhya Pradesh
- Satyanarayan Sachan: Uttarakhand
- Manjappa Yadav: Karnataka
- Devendra Upadhyaya: Gujarat
- Manas Bhattacharya: West Bengal
- Mukesh Yadav: Rajasthan
- Sukhvinder Singh: Punjab
- Dr Saji Pothen Thomas: Kerala
- B Jagadeesh Yadav: Andhra Pradesh
- Om Prakash Sahu:Chhattisgarh
See also
References
- ^ "Command performance: Can a party mouthpiece question its leaders?". Hindustan Times. 10 January 2016.
- ^ "SP chatra sabha declares 70 district unit presidents name". oneindia.com. 17 March 2008.
- ^ "About Samajwadi Prahari". Samajwadi Prahari. 10 March 2021.
- ^ "SP reinstates youth wings' office-bearers with a rider | Lucknow News — Times of India". The Times of India. 18 April 2013.
- ^ "SP appoints presidents of nine frontal organisations". Business Standard India. Press Trust of India. 2 July 2014 – via Business Standard.
- ^ "PARTY IDEOLOGY".
- ^ "Mulayam Singh lays emphasis on socialist ideology". Business Standard India. 22 November 2018.
- ^ Singh, Mahendra Prasad; Saxena, Rekha (2003). India at the Polls: Parliamentary Elections in the Federal Phase. Orient Blackswan. p. 78. ISBN 978-8-125-02328-9.
- ^ "Mulayam's son Prateek Yadav attracts eye balls during ride in Rs 5 crore Lamborghini". india.com. 14 January 2017.
- ^ "Left wing triumphs in Uttar Pradesh election". Financial Times. 6 March 2012. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022.
The big winner in the Uttar Pradesh state election was the regional leftwing Samajwadi party
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- ^ Verniers, Gilles (2018). "Conservative in Practice: The Transformation of the Samajwadi Party in Uttar Pradesh". Studies in Indian Politics. 6: 44–59. doi:10.1177/2321023018762675. S2CID 158168430.
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- ^ a b "Akhilesh Yadav elected Samajwadi Party president for third time". Hindu Business Line. 29 September 2022.
- ^ a b "Akhilesh Yadav re-elected SP president as 2-day party convention concludes". Indian Express. 30 September 2022.
- ^ "Why Uttar Pradesh is India's battleground state". BBC News. 26 December 2011.
- ^ "What the Samajwadi Party alliance needs to focus on now". The Wire. 15 March 2022.
- ^ "Akhilesh missed majority by a margin of few lakh votes". Aaj Tak. 11 March 2022.
- ^ Kochanek, Stanley A.; Hardgrave, Robert L. (30 January 2007). India: Government and Politics in a Developing Nation. Cengage Learning. ISBN 9780495007494.
- ^ Yadav, Shyamlal (6 April 2023). "Uneasy allies, fierce foes: Saga of BSP-SP ties, from Kanshi Ram and Mulayam to Mayawati and Akhilesh". The Indian Express. Retrieved 8 April 2023.
- ^ G. C. Malhotra (26 September 2023). Anti-defection Law in India and the Commonwealth. [Published for] Lok Sabha Secretariat [by] Metropolitan Book Company. p. 570. ISBN 9788120004061.
Mulayan Singh Yadav, MLA, along with 22 other MLAs belonging to the Janata Party Legislature Party, in a letter addressed to the Speaker, intimated that there was a split in their original Party, in a letter addressed to the Speaker, intimated that there was a split in their original Party.
- ^ "Samajwadi Party". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 11 June 2024.
- ^ "Who are karsevaks, what do they do?". Deccan Herald. 22 January 2024. Retrieved 11 June 2024.
- ^ "Assembly Elections May 2013 Results". Election Commission of India. Archived from the original on 15 December 2013. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
- ^ "Assembly Elections 2012 - The end of Mayayug in UP". IndiaVoice. 6 March 2012. Retrieved 7 March 2012.
- ^ Thakur, Meenal (5 October 2017). "Akhilesh Yadav re-elected Samajwadi Party national president for 5 years". mint. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
- ^ "SP, RJD, LJP Front to kickstart UP campaign on Apr 9". The Times of India. 5 April 2009. Archived from the original on 24 June 2013. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
- ^ Anuraag Singh (17 April 2014). "Vote for Samajwadi Party or press Nota: Mulayam". Indiatimes. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
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- ^ "Akhilesh Yadav Re-Elected As Samajwadi Party National President For Five Years". www.outlookindia.com. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
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- ^ "Election Results 2019: Azam Khan wins big from Rampur against Jaya Prada". India Today. 24 May 2019. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
- ^ "SP founding member Beni Prasad Verma dies". The Economic Times. 27 March 2020. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
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- ^ "Rajya Sabha Elections: Samajwadi Party's Jaya Bachchan wins from Uttar Pradesh". 23 March 2018. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
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External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- Samajwadi Party
- 1992 establishments in Uttar Pradesh
- Democratic socialist parties in Asia
- Full member parties of the Socialist International
- Janata Parivar
- Left-wing parties
- Political parties established in 1992
- Populist parties
- Progressive Alliance
- Member parties of the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance