Stiff voice: Difference between revisions
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The term '''stiff voice''' describes the pronunciation of consonants or vowels with a [[glottal opening]] narrower, and the [[vocal cords]] stiffer, than occurs in [[modal voice]]. Although there is no specific [[IPA]] [[diacritic]] for stiff voice, the voicing diacritic (a subscript wedge) may be used in conjunction with the symbol for |
The term '''stiff voice''' describes the pronunciation of consonants or vowels with a [[glottal opening]] narrower, and the [[vocal cords]] stiffer, than occurs in [[modal voice]]. Although there is no specific [[IPA]] [[diacritic]] for stiff voice, the voicing diacritic (a subscript wedge) may be used in conjunction with the symbol for a [[voiced consonant]].<ref name="SOWL96">{{SOWL}}</ref> In [[Bru language|Bru]], for example, stiff-voiced vowels have tenseness in the glottis and pharynx without going so far as to be [[creaky voice]]d, whereas slack-voiced vowels are lax in the glottis without going so far as to be [[breathy voice]].<ref>Gordon & Ladefoged, 2001. "[http://www.linguistics.ucsb.edu/faculty/gordon/phonation.pdf Phonation types: A cross-linguistic overview]", ''Journal of Phonetics'' 29:383–406</ref> |
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One language with stiff voice is [[Thai language|Thai]] <ref name="SOWL96"/> |
One language with stiff voice is [[Thai language|Thai]] <ref name="SOWL96"/> |
Revision as of 07:44, 7 February 2013
This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. (August 2008) |
The term stiff voice describes the pronunciation of consonants or vowels with a glottal opening narrower, and the vocal cords stiffer, than occurs in modal voice. Although there is no specific IPA diacritic for stiff voice, the voicing diacritic (a subscript wedge) may be used in conjunction with the symbol for a voiced consonant.[1] In Bru, for example, stiff-voiced vowels have tenseness in the glottis and pharynx without going so far as to be creaky voiced, whereas slack-voiced vowels are lax in the glottis without going so far as to be breathy voice.[2]
One language with stiff voice is Thai [1]
phonation | Thai | IPA | trans. | Thai | IPA | translation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
stiff voice | บ้า | [b̬âː] | crazy | ด่า | [d̪̬àː] | curse, scold |
tenuis | ป้า | [pâː] | aunt | ตา | [t̪āː] | eye |
aspirated | ผ้า | [pʰâː] | cloth | ท่า | [t̪ʰâː] | landing place |
Javanese contrasts stiff and slack voiced bilabial, dental, retroflex, and velar stops[1]
phonation | IPA | trans. | IPA | trans. | IPA | translation | IPA | trans. | IPA | trans. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
stiff voice | [b̬aku] | nail | [d̬amu] | guest | [d̬z̬ariʔ] | sheet (of paper) | [ɖ̬iɖ̬iʔ] | little | [ɡ̌ali] | river |
slack voice | [b̥aku] | standard | [d̥amu] | blow | [d̥z̥arit] | (type of women's clothing) | [ɖ̥isiʔ] | first | [ɡ̊ali] | dig |
Mpi (Loloish) contrasts modals and stiff voice in its vowels. This is not register: for each of the six Mpi tones, a word may have either a modal or stiff-voiced vowel. For example, low tone contrasts /sì/ 'blood' and /sì̬/ 'seven'.[1]
References
- ^ a b c d Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19815-6.
- ^ Gordon & Ladefoged, 2001. "Phonation types: A cross-linguistic overview", Journal of Phonetics 29:383–406