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[[File:Delegation to Abdul Hamid II.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Delegation of the Ottoman Parliament to Abdul Hamid II.]]
[[File:Delegation to Abdul Hamid II.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Delegation of the Ottoman Parliament to Abdul Hamid II.]]


The '''General Assembly'''<ref>[http://www.anayasa.gen.tr/1876constitution.htm Article. 42 of the Constitution]</ref> ({{lang-tr|Meclis-i Umumî}} or ''Genel Parlamento''; {{lang-fr|'''Assemblée Générale'''}}<!--From: https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_ottomane // French has affinity for this topic, see [[:en:Languages of the Ottoman Empire]]-->) was the first attempt at [[representative democracy]] by the [[Imperial Government (Ottoman Empire)|imperial government]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]]. Also known as the '''Ottoman Parliament''', it was located in [[Ottoman Constantinople|Constantinople]] ([[Istanbul]]) and was composed of [[bicameralism|two houses]]: an upper house ([[Senate of the Ottoman Empire|Senate]], ''Meclis-i Âyân''), and a lower house ([[Chamber of Deputies (Ottoman Empire)|Chamber of Deputies]], ''Meclis-i Mebusân'').<ref name="GroteRöder2012">{{cite book|author1=Rainer Grote|author2=Tilmann Röder|title=Constitutionalism in Islamic Countries: Between Upheaval and Continuity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MO5MAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA328|date=16 February 2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-975988-0|page=328}}</ref>
The '''General Assembly'''<ref>[http://www.anayasa.gen.tr/1876constitution.htm Article. 42 of the Constitution]</ref> ({{lang-tr|Meclis-i Umumî}} (French romanization: "Medjliss Oumoumi" <!--https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Rescrit_de_la_Constitution_ottomane where it is stated as "M e d j l i s s O u m o u m i" // French has affinity for this topic, see [[:en:Languages of the Ottoman Empire]]-->) or ''Genel Parlamento''; {{lang-fr|'''Assemblée Générale'''}}<!--From: https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_ottomane-->) was the first attempt at [[representative democracy]] by the [[Imperial Government (Ottoman Empire)|imperial government]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]]. Also known as the '''Ottoman Parliament''', it was located in [[Ottoman Constantinople|Constantinople]] ([[Istanbul]]) and was composed of [[bicameralism|two houses]]: an upper house ([[Senate of the Ottoman Empire|Senate]], ''Meclis-i Âyân''), and a lower house ([[Chamber of Deputies (Ottoman Empire)|Chamber of Deputies]], ''Meclis-i Mebusân'').<ref name="GroteRöder2012">{{cite book|author1=Rainer Grote|author2=Tilmann Röder|title=Constitutionalism in Islamic Countries: Between Upheaval and Continuity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MO5MAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA328|date=16 February 2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-975988-0|page=328}}</ref>


The General Assembly was [[First Constitutional Era (Ottoman Empire)|first constituted on 23 December 1876]] and initially lasted until 14 February 1878, when it was dissolved by Sultan [[Abdul Hamid II]].<ref name=tarihiolaylar>{{cite web|url=http://www.tarihiolaylar.com/tarihi-olaylar/meclis-i-mebusan-mebuslar-meclisi-991|title=Meclis-i Mebusan (Mebuslar Meclisi) |publisher=Tarihi Olaylar}}</ref><ref name=sabah>{{cite web|url=https://www.sabah.com.tr/egitim/2017/01/19/meclis-i-mebusan-nedir-ne-zaman-kurulmustur|title=Meclis-i Mebusan nedir? Ne zaman kurulmuştur?|publisher=Sabah|date=19 January 2017}}</ref>
The General Assembly was [[First Constitutional Era (Ottoman Empire)|first constituted on 23 December 1876]] and initially lasted until 14 February 1878, when it was dissolved by Sultan [[Abdul Hamid II]].<ref name=tarihiolaylar>{{cite web|url=http://www.tarihiolaylar.com/tarihi-olaylar/meclis-i-mebusan-mebuslar-meclisi-991|title=Meclis-i Mebusan (Mebuslar Meclisi) |publisher=Tarihi Olaylar}}</ref><ref name=sabah>{{cite web|url=https://www.sabah.com.tr/egitim/2017/01/19/meclis-i-mebusan-nedir-ne-zaman-kurulmustur|title=Meclis-i Mebusan nedir? Ne zaman kurulmuştur?|publisher=Sabah|date=19 January 2017}}</ref>

Revision as of 07:18, 15 September 2019

General Assembly

Meclis-i Umumi
Coat of arms or logo
Type
Type
HousesSenate
Chamber of Deputies
History
Founded23 December 1876[1][2]
23 July 1908[1][2]
Disbanded14 February 1878[1][2]
11 April 1920[1][2]
Preceded byDivan-ı Hümayun
Succeeded byGrand National Assembly
Structure
Meeting place
Dolmabahçe Palace (1876-1878)
Darülfünûn building (1876-1878, 1908)
Çırağan Palace (1909)
Cemile Sultan Palace (1910-1920)
Delegation of the Ottoman Parliament to Abdul Hamid II.

The General Assembly[3] (Turkish: Meclis-i Umumî (French romanization: "Medjliss Oumoumi" ) or Genel Parlamento; French: Assemblée Générale) was the first attempt at representative democracy by the imperial government of the Ottoman Empire. Also known as the Ottoman Parliament, it was located in Constantinople (Istanbul) and was composed of two houses: an upper house (Senate, Meclis-i Âyân), and a lower house (Chamber of Deputies, Meclis-i Mebusân).[4]

The General Assembly was first constituted on 23 December 1876 and initially lasted until 14 February 1878, when it was dissolved by Sultan Abdul Hamid II.[1][2]

It was revived 30 years later, on 23 July 1908, with the Second Constitutional Era (as a result of the Young Turk Revolution) which brought substantial reforms and larger participation by political parties.[1][2] The Second Constitutional Era ended on 11 April 1920, when the General Assembly (Ottoman Parliament) was dissolved by the Allies during the occupation of Constantinople in the aftermath of World War I.[1][2]

Many members of the dissolved Ottoman Parliament in Istanbul later became members of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey in Ankara, which was established on 23 April 1920, during the Turkish War of Independence.[1][2]

  • An old postcard depicting the opening of the new Parliament in 1908.
    An old postcard depicting the opening of the new Parliament in 1908.
  • An old postcard depicting a meeting of the Parliament in 1914.
    An old postcard depicting a meeting of the Parliament in 1914.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h "Meclis-i Mebusan (Mebuslar Meclisi)". Tarihi Olaylar.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h "Meclis-i Mebusan nedir? Ne zaman kurulmuştur?". Sabah. 19 January 2017.
  3. ^ Article. 42 of the Constitution
  4. ^ Rainer Grote; Tilmann Röder (16 February 2012). Constitutionalism in Islamic Countries: Between Upheaval and Continuity. Oxford University Press. p. 328. ISBN 978-0-19-975988-0.
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