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Map showing ancient Thessaly. Pherae is shown to the east centre.

Pherae (Greek: Φεραί) was a city and polis (city-state)^[1] in southeastern Ancient Thessaly.^[2] One of the oldest Thessalian cities, it was located in the southeast corner of Pelasgiotis.^[3] According to Strabo, it was near Lake Boebeïs 90 stadia from Pagasae, its harbor on the Gulf of Pagasae (Geography 9.5). The site is in the modern community of Velestino.^[4]^[5]

In Homer Pherae was the home of King Admetus and his wife, Alcestis, (whom Heracles went into Hades to rescue), as well as their son Eumelus (who was one of the suitors of Helen and led the Achaean forces of Pherae and Iolcus in the Trojan War) (Iliad 2.711; Odyssey 4.798).

Thucydides lists Pherae among the early Thessalian supporters of Athens at the beginning of the Peloponnesian War (History of the Peloponnesian War 2.22). Toward the end of the war Lycophron established a tyranny at Pherae. On his death his son Jason became dictator and by around 374 B.C.E. extended his rule throughout Thessaly. After Jason's assassination and that of his two successors Alexander ruled Pherae with great harshness until he was killed by his wife, Thebe, in 359 B.C.E., and Thessaly was conquered by the Thebans. Philip of Macedon conquered Pherae in 352 B.C.E. and subjected Thessaly to Macedonian rule.

In Roman times Pherae was conquered by Antiochus the Great of Syria in 191 B.C.E., but lost it that same year to the Roman consul of the year Manius Acilius Glabrio (Livy 36.1-14). The famous Messeis spring (the spring of Kefalovryso at Velestino) was probably at Pherae (Strabo, Geography 9.5; Iliad 6.457).

References

^ Mogens Herman Hansen & Thomas Heine Nielsen (2004). "Thessaly and Adjacent Regions". An inventory of archaic and classical poleis. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 704-706. ISBN 0-19-814099-1.
^ Autenrieth, Georg (1891). "Φεραί". A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges. New York: Harper and Brothers.
^ Smith, William (1854). "Pherae (Φέραι) (1)". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: Walton and Maber.
^ Lund University. Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire.
^ Richard Talbert, ed. (2000). Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. Princeton University Press. p. 55, and directory notes accompanying. ISBN 978-0-691-03169-9.

39°23′03″N 22°44′16″E / 39.384163°N 22.737728°E / 39.384163; 22.737728

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[Poleis-1] Mogens Herman Hansen & Thomas Heine Nielsen (2004). "Thessaly and Adjacent Regions". An inventory of archaic and classical poleis. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 704-706. ISBN 0-19-814099-1.

[2] Autenrieth, Georg (1891). "Φεραί". A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges. New York: Harper and Brothers.

[3] Smith, William (1854). "Pherae (Φέραι) (1)". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: Walton and Maber.

[4] Lund University. Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire.

[5] Richard Talbert, ed. (2000). Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. Princeton University Press. p. 55, and directory notes accompanying. ISBN 978-0-691-03169-9.

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 [[File:Thessaly.jpg|thumb|350px|Map showing ancient Thessaly. Pherae is shown to the east centre.]]
 [[File:Dodwell Pherae.jpg|thumb|right|240px|The Hyperian Fountain at Pherae, [[Edward Dodwell]].]]
-'''Pherae''' ([[Ancient Greek|Greek]]: Φεραί) was a city and [[polis]] (city-state)<ref name=Poleis>{{cite book|author= Mogens Herman Hansen & Thomas Heine Nielsen |title= An inventory of archaic and classical poleis|year= 2004|publisher= [[Oxford University Press]]|location=New York|isbn= 0-19-814099-1|chapter= Thessaly and Adjacent Regions|pages= 704-706}}</ref> in southeastern [[Ancient Thessaly]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0073%3Aentry%3D*ferai%2F|first=Georg|last=Autenrieth|title=Φεραί|work=A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges|location=New York|publisher=Harper and Brothers|year=1891}}</ref> One of the oldest Thessalian cities, it was located in the southeast corner of [[Pelasgiotis]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0064:entry=pherae-geo|first=William|last=Smith|title=Pherae (Φέραι) (1)|work=Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography|location=London|publisher=Walton and Maber|year=1854}}</ref> According to [[Strabo]], it was near [[Boebeis Lacus|Lake Boebeïs]] 90 [[Stadion (unit)|stadia]] from [[Pagasae]], its harbor on the Gulf of Pagasae (Geography 9.5). The site is in the modern community of [[Velestino]].<ref>{{Cite DARE|22809}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Barrington|55}}</ref>
+'''Pherae''' ([[Ancient Greek|Greek]]: Φεραί) was a city and [[polis]] (city-state)<ref name=Poleis>{{cite book|author= Mogens Herman Hansen & Thomas Heine Nielsen |title= An inventory of archaic and classical poleis|url= https://archive.org/details/inventoryarchaic00hans |url-access= limited |year= 2004|publisher= [[Oxford University Press]]|location=New York|isbn= 0-19-814099-1|chapter= Thessaly and Adjacent Regions|pages= [https://archive.org/details/inventoryarchaic00hans/page/n720 704]-706}}</ref> in southeastern [[Ancient Thessaly]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0073%3Aentry%3D*ferai%2F|first=Georg|last=Autenrieth|title=Φεραί|work=A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges|location=New York|publisher=Harper and Brothers|year=1891}}</ref> One of the oldest Thessalian cities, it was located in the southeast corner of [[Pelasgiotis]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0064:entry=pherae-geo|first=William|last=Smith|title=Pherae (Φέραι) (1)|work=Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography|location=London|publisher=Walton and Maber|year=1854}}</ref> According to [[Strabo]], it was near [[Boebeis Lacus|Lake Boebeïs]] 90 [[Stadion (unit)|stadia]] from [[Pagasae]], its harbor on the Gulf of Pagasae (Geography 9.5). The site is in the modern community of [[Velestino]].<ref>{{Cite DARE|22809}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Barrington|55}}</ref>
 In [[Homer]] Pherae was the home of King [[Admetus]] and his wife, [[Alcestis]], (whom [[Heracles]] went into [[Hades]] to rescue), as well as their son [[Eumelus (son of Admetus)|Eumelus]] (who was one of the suitors of Helen and led the Achaean forces of Pherae and [[Iolcus]] in the Trojan War) (Iliad 2.711; Odyssey 4.798).

Revision as of 16:21, 27 May 2020

See also

References