Dictyophorus spumans

Koppie foam grasshopper
	Adult above, nymph below; both D. s. spumans in Walter Sisulu National Botanical Garden, Roodepoort, South Africa
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Orthoptera
Family:	Pyrgomorphidae
Genus:	Dictyophorus
Species:	D. spumans
Binomial name
	Dictyophorus spumans; (Thunberg, 1787)
Synonyms
	Gryllus spumans; Poecilocera spumans; Petasia spumans; Phymateus spumans; Tapesia spumans;

Dictyophorus spumans, the koppie foam grasshopper or rooibaadjie, is a species of grasshopper in the family Pyrgomorphidae indigenous to southern Africa. The name "foaming grasshopper" derives from the insect's ability to produce a toxic foam from its thoracic glands.^[2] It is closely related to Phymateus.

Adult males are typically 4.5–5 cm (1.8–2.0 in) long and females typically 5–7 cm (2.0–2.8 in),^[3] but can grow up to a length of 8 cm (3.1 in).^[4] The neck shield has a warty surface, and their color is highly variable but usually with at least parts that are contrasting and bright. It is toxic due to the poisons that it sequesters from its diet, which includes a large number of toxic and distasteful plants such as milkweed.^[4]

Races

D. s. subsp. spumans – South Africa
D. s. subsp. ater – northern South Africa and Zimbabwe
D. s. subsp. pulchra – eastern South Africa and Mozambique
D. s. subsp. servillei – southern Africa
D. s. subsp. calceata – southern Africa

Gallery

Eating Aloe flowers
Mating, note size difference
Dorsal view of D. s. spumans
Side view of D. s. spumans
D. s. pulchra
Ventral view
Releasing toxic foam from thoracic glands

References

^ Googlebooks
^ Whitehouse, Christopher (6 October 2015). "Foaming Grasshoppers". Phillipskop Mountain Reserve. Phillipskop Discovery Trails (Pty) Ltd. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
^ Whitman, D.; Vincent, S. (2008). "Large size as an antipredator defense in an insect". Journal of Orthoptera Research. 17 (2): 353–371. doi:10.1665/1082-6467-17.2.353.
^ ^a ^b Mike Picker, Charles Griffiths & Alan Weaving (2004). Field guide to insects of South Africa. Struik. ISBN 978-1-77007-061-5.

Media related to Dictyophorus spumans at Wikimedia Commons

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[1] Googlebooks

[cw-2] Whitehouse, Christopher (6 October 2015). "Foaming Grasshoppers". Phillipskop Mountain Reserve. Phillipskop Discovery Trails (Pty) Ltd. Retrieved 18 March 2018.

[Whitman2008-3] Whitman, D.; Vincent, S. (2008). "Large size as an antipredator defense in an insect". Journal of Orthoptera Research. 17 (2): 353–371. doi:10.1665/1082-6467-17.2.353.

[Picker2004-4] Mike Picker, Charles Griffiths & Alan Weaving (2004). Field guide to insects of South Africa. Struik. ISBN 978-1-77007-061-5.

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