Bartonegtaviriform
![]() | This article may require copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling. (August 2023) |
Bartonegtaviriform | |
---|---|
Virus classification ![]() | |
(unranked): | Virus |
Family: | Bartogtaviriformidae |
Genus: | Bartonegtaviriform |
Species | |
| |
Synonyms | |
Bartonegtaviriform andersoni
|
Bartonegtaviriform is a genus of viruses in the family Bartogtaviriformidae. It includes one species: Bartonegtaviriform andersoni which is a Gene transfer agent (BaGTA).[1]
Name
The family name, Bartogtaviriformidae, is a combination of Barto, from "host" Bartonella , gta from gene transfer agent and viriformidae, the fact that it is a viriform.
The genus name, Bartonegtaviriform, is a combination of Bartone, from "host" Bartonella , gta from gene transfer agent and viriform, the fact that it is a viriform.
The species name, andersoni is named after GTA researcher Burt Anderson, who first discovered BaGTA particles[2]
GTAs
GTAs can be considered as a form of “domesticated” prophage—that is, ancestrally derived from a bacteriophage genome but altered by the host to confer an adaptive benefit—and thus represent one of many phage-derived adaptive functions observed in bacterial genomes.[3]
Phylogeny
Genomic sequence analysis has revealed that all bacteria of the genus Bartonella are characterized by the presence of a Bartonella-specific GTA (BaGTA), which shares no homologies to previously described GTA systems. BaGTA is encoded upstream from an origin of run-off replication (ROR), another conserved feature of Bartonella genomes which has been suggested to be linked to the activity of BaGTA. Phylogenetic analyses have identified BaGTA as a key innovation associated with the spectacular adaptive radiation that characterizes these zoonotic bacterial pathogens. Although BaGTA has not been directly linked to Bartonella pathogenicity, it has been proposed to drive the exchange and the diversification of host-interaction factors within Bartonella communities such as the well-characterized VirB type IV secretion system (T4SS) and its cognate Bartonella effector proteins. Maintenance of BaGTA is likely driven by selection to increase the likelihood of genetic exchange and facilitates rapid adaptation to host-specific defense systems during infection.[3]
Role
Despite clear genomics-based arguments pointing to a central role for BaGTA in Bartonella biology, direct experimental evidence for its activity are scarce and the molecular mechanisms underlying its activity and regulation have remained fully elusive.[3]
Genome
BaGTA particles are larger than RcGTA and contain 14 kb DNA fragments. Although this capacity could in principle allow BaGTA to package and transmit its 14 kb GTA cluster, measurements of DNA coverage show reduced coverage of the cluster. An adjacent region of high coverage is thought to be due to local DNA replication.[4]
References
- ^ "Virus Taxonomy: 2022 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2023.
- ^ "Taxon Details: Bartonegtaviriform andersoni: Proposal 2022.001G.GTA_viriforms". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
- ^ a b c Québatte M, Christen M, Harms A, Körner J, Christen B, Dehio C (June 2017). "Gene Transfer Agent Promotes Evolvability within the Fittest Subpopulation of a Bacterial Pathogen". Cell Systems. 4 (6): 611-621.e6. doi:10.1016/j.cels.2017.05.011. PMC 5496983. PMID 28624614.
- ^ Berglund EC, Frank AC, Calteau A, Vinnere Pettersson O, Granberg F, Eriksson AS, Näslund K, Holmberg M, Lindroos H, Andersson SG (July 2009). "Run-off replication of host-adaptability genes is associated with gene transfer agents in the genome of mouse-infecting Bartonella grahamii". PLOS Genetics. 5 (7): e1000546. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000546. PMC 2697382. PMID 19578403.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)