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Systemic design

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Systemic design is an interdiscipline[1] that integrates systems thinking and design practices. It is a pluralistic field,[2] with several dialects[3] including Systems-oriented design.[4] Influences have included critical systems thinking and second-order cybernetics. In 2021, the Design Council (UK) began advocating for a systemic design approach and embedded it in a revision of their double diamond model.[5]

Systemic design is closely related to sustainability as it aims to create solutions that are not only designed to have a good environmental impact, but are also socially and economically beneficial. In fact, from a systemic design approach, the system to be designed, its context with its relationships and its environment receive synchronous attention.

Systemic design's discourse has been developed through Relating Systems Thinking and Design - a series of symposia that has run annually since 2012.[6]

History

Systems thinking in design has a long history with origins in the design methods movement during the 1960s and 1970s, such as the idea of wicked problems developed by Horst Rittel.[7]

The theories about complexity help the management of an entire system and the suggested design approaches help the planning of different divergent elements. The complexity theories evolved on the basis that living systems continually draw upon external sources of energy and maintain a stable state of low entropy, on the basis of the General Systems Theory by Karl Ludwig von Bertalanffy (1968).[8] Some of the next rationales applied those theories also on artificial systems: complexity models of living systems address also productive models with their organizations and management, where the relationships between parts are more important than the parts themselves.

Treating productive organizations as complex adaptive systems allows a new management model to emerge in economical, social and environmental benefits (Pisek and Wilson, 2001 [9]). In that field, Cluster Theory (Porter, 1990 [10]) evolved in more environmentally sensitive theories, like Industrial Ecology (Frosh and Gallopoulos, 1989 [11]) and Industrial Symbiosis (Chertow, 2000[12]). In 1994, Gunter Pauli and Heitor Gurgulino de Souza founded the research institute Zero Emission Research and Initiatives (ZERI),[13] starting from the idea that progress should embed respect for the environment and natural techniques that will allow production processes to be part of the ecosystem.

The design thinking, as Buchanan (1992) said,[14] means the way to creatively and strategically reconfigure a design concept on a situation with systemic integration. This needs a strong inter- and trans-disciplinarity during the design phase (Fuller, 1981 [15]), with the increasing involvement of different disciplines including urban planning, public policy, business management and environmental sciences (Chertow et al., 2004 [16]). Systems and complexity theories and design thinking redesign a pretty new discipline: the Systemic Design, which is located as a humanity-centred systems-oriented design practice (Bistagnino, 2011;[17] Sevaldson, 2011;[18] Nelson and Stolterman, 2012;[19] Jones, 2014;[20] Toso at al., 2012 [21]).

In recent years, numerous design projects have adopted a systemic approach. These focused on diverse topics including – but not limited to – food networks, industrial processes and water purification, revitalization of internal areas through art and tourism [22] and circular economy,[23][24] exhibition and fairs, social inclusion and marginalization.

Research groups and innovation labs

Academic research groups with a focus on systemic design include:

  • Policy Lab is a part of the UK Civil Service with a "mission is to radically improve policy making through design, innovation and people-centred approaches".[25]
  • Radical Methodologies Research Group at the University of Brighton,[26] Brighton, UK, hosts of RSD11 in 2022.
  • Strategic Innovation Lab (sLab) at OCADU, Toronto, Canada.
  • Sys - Systemic Design Lab at the Politechnico di Torino, Torino, Italy.[27]
  • Systemic Design and Sustainability Research Group at Oslo Metropolitan University.[28]

Academic programmes

Academic programmes in systemic design include:

References

  1. ^ Sevaldson, Birger; Jones, Peter (1 June 2019). "An Interdiscipline Emerges: Pathways to Systemic Design". She Ji: The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation. 5 (2): 75–84. doi:10.1016/j.sheji.2019.05.002. ISSN 2405-8726.
  2. ^ Bistagnino, Luigi; Peruccio, Pier Paolo (2014). Michalos, Alexander C. (ed.). Design: An Overview. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Springer. pp. 1582–1585. ISBN 978-94-007-0754-2.
  3. ^ Sevaldson, Birger (21 March 2017). "Redesigning Systems Thinking". FormAkademisk. 10 (1). doi:10.7577/formakademisk.1755.
  4. ^ "About Systems Oriented Design". Systems Oriented Design. Birger Sevaldson.
  5. ^ Drew, Cat; Robinson, Cassie; Winhall, Jennie (2021). "System-shifting design: An emerging practice explored" (PDF). Design Council & The Point People.
  6. ^ "RSD | Systemic Design Symposium". Relating Systems Thinking and Design – via rsdsymposium.org.
  7. ^ Nelson, Harold (20 December 2022). "Systemic Design as Born from the Berkeley Bubble Matrix". Contexts—The Systemic Design Journal. 1: v1001. doi:10.58279/v1001.
  8. ^ Bertalanffy, Ludwig von (1968). General System Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications. G. Braziller. ISBN 978-0-8076-0453-3.
  9. ^ Plsek, P. E; Wilson, T. (29 September 2001). "Complexity science: Complexity, leadership, and management in healthcare organisations". BMJ. 323 (7315): 746–749. doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7315.746. ISSN 0959-8138.
  10. ^ Porter, Michael E. (1990). Competitive Advantage of Nations: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4516-5149-2.
  11. ^ Gallopoulos, Nicholas E.; Frosch, Robert A. (September 1, 1989). "Strategies for Manufacturing". Scientific American. 3 (189): 94–102.
  12. ^ Chertow, Marian R. (2000). "INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS: Literature and Taxonomy". Annual Review of Energy and the Environment. 25: 313–337. doi:10.1146/annurev.energy.25.1.313.
  13. ^ "Home". www.zeri.org. Archived from the original on 25 April 2018. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  14. ^ Buchanan, R. (1992) Wicked Problems in Design Thinking, Design Issues, Vol.8 No.2, pp.5-21.
  15. ^ Fuller R.B. (1981), Critical Path, St. Martin’s Press, New York.
  16. ^ Chertow, M. R., Ashton, W. and Kuppali, R. (2004) The Industrial Symbiosis Research Symposium at Yale: Advancing the Study of Industry and Environment, Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, New Haven.
  17. ^ Bistagnino, L. (2011) Systemic Design: Designing the productive and environmental sustainability, 2nd ed., Slow Food, Bra.
  18. ^ Sevaldson, B. (2011). Gigamapping: Visualization for complexity and systems thinking in design. Proceedings of the Nordic Design Research Conference. Aalto University, Helsinki.
  19. ^ Nelson, H.G. and Stolterman, E. (2012). The design way: Intentional change in an unpredictable world, 2nd ed., MIT Press, Cambridge.
  20. ^ Jones, P.H. (2014) ‘Systemic Design Principles for Complex Social Systems’, in Metcalf, G.S. (Eds.), Social Systems and Design, Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp.91-128.
  21. ^ Toso D., Barbero S., Tamborrini P. (2012) Systemic Design: Beyond Ecodesign. Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Sustainable Development Research Conference, University of Hull, UK
  22. ^ Peruccio, Pier Paolo; Menzardi, Paola; Vrenna, Maurizio (2019). Sánchez Merina, Javier (ed.). Designing for territorial revitalization. A diffused art exhibition to foster northwest Italian inner areas. Alicante, Spain: Titulación de Arquitectura Escuela Politécnca Superior Alicante University. pp. 190–196. ISBN 978-84-1302-082-2.
  23. ^ Peruccio, Pier Paolo; Vrenna, Maurizio. "Chapter 2". Circular economy in rural areas (PDF). Bacau, Romania: University of Bacau. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-10-09. Retrieved 2021-10-09.
  24. ^ Barbero, S. (2017). Systemic Design as Effective Methodology for the Transition to Circular Economy. In Barbero Silvia (Ed.), “Systemic Design Method Guide for Policymaking: a Circular Europe on the way“. Umberto , Torino, Italy. pp. 83-90. ISBN 978-88-422-2444-0 https://hdl.handle.net/11583/2685132
  25. ^ "About Policy Lab". GOV.UK. Crown. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  26. ^ "Radical Methodologies". blogs.brighton.ac.uk.
  27. ^ "Systemic Design Lab". Systemic Design Lab.
  28. ^ storbyuniversitetet, OsloMet-. "Systemic Design and Sustainability". www.oslomet.no.
  29. ^ "The Oslo School of Architecture and Design". aho.no. Archived from the original on 11 April 2018. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  30. ^ Barbero, S. (2016). Opportunities and challenges in teaching Systemic Design. The evolution of the Open Systems master courses at Politecnico di Torino. Proceedings of the 6th International Forum of Design as a Process, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, pp. 57-66.
  31. ^ Peruccio, Pier Paolo; Menzardi, Paola; Vrenna, Maurizio (2019). "Transdisciplinary knowledge: A systemic approach to design education". Proceedings of DRS Learn X Design 2019: Insider Knowledge: 17–23. doi:10.21606/learnxdesign.2019.13064. ISBN 9781912294008. S2CID 214038886. Archived from the original on 2021-09-30. Retrieved 2021-09-30.
  32. ^ "Strategic Foresight and Innovation (MDes) - OCAD U". Archived from the original on 2017-05-01. Retrieved 2017-03-27.
  33. ^ "Teaching Systemic Design « Systemic Design". systemic-design.net. Archived from the original on 19 April 2018. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  34. ^ "Maîtrise en aménagement, option Design et complexité - Université de Montréal - Guide d'admission". Archived from the original on 2021-01-20. Retrieved 2019-02-28.
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