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John J. Leary
Born(1837-11-01)November 1, 1837
Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada[1]
DiedFebruary 8, 1905(1905-02-08) (aged 67)
Riverside, California[2]
Cause of deathHeart failure[2]
Burial placeLake View Cemetery[3]
Occupations
Years active1869–1893
Known forAn outstanding pioneer and civic leader of Seattle, one of Seattle early mayors, a successful entrepreneur.
Political partyRepublican[7]
Spouses
  • Mary B. (died 1890)[8]
  • Eliza P. Ferry (married 1892)[9]
Childrennone
Mayor of Seattle
In office
August 3, 1884 – August 3, 1885
Preceded byHenry G. Struve
Succeeded byHenry Yesler
Signature

John Leary (November 1, 1837–February 9, 1905) was an American businessman and politician who was a key civic leader in Seattle, Washington. He made contributions to virtually all civic and business activities during the city's early years.

Leary started as a small lumber merchant in New Brunswick at 17. A successful entrepreneur, he accumulated "a modest fortune" and traveled to Seattle in 1869 in search of greater opportunities. Leary died one of the richest person in Seattle with a net worth of $2 million, most of which was acquired through real estate deals in Seattle and her vicinity. He participated in many other Seattle projects, including railroads, mining, banking, water and gas works, steamship operations, law, and others, many of which were unprofitable, but at the time, served an important public purpose. He was also known for his extensive charitable activities.

Leary served multiple terms as Seattle councilman and as Seattle mayor in 1885. He was one of the founders of Seattle Chamber of Commerce, Rainier Club, and of First National Bank of Seattle – Seattle’s first bank. In 1878-1890, Leary played one of the most prominent roles in Seattle’s battle with Northern Pacific Railroad for an independent railroad connection, a key element of Seattle’s subsequent commercial success and leadership in Washington State.

Leary financed the construction of the steamwheeler Bailey Gatzert, the finest ship in Puget Sound of the time. His mining operation led to the founding of Ravensdale, Washington (initially called "Leary"). Leary's home, the most expensive residence in the city of the time, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. A street in North Seattle, Leary Way and Leary Avenue, bears his name.

East Coast career

Leary was born on November 1, 1837, to a family of Irish descent in a seaport town St. John in a Canadian coastal province of New Brunswick.[1][12] He soon demonstrated "unusual aptitude for business," and at 17, started a successful lumber trading business in St. John, then expanding into a neighboring town of Woodstock.[13] By the age of 30, he accumulated a "modest fortune,"[14] and by 1868, Leary ran his own lumber camp on the banks of Meduxnekeag River.[15]

The Meduxnekeag river bed spans from the confluence of its North Branch and South Branch near Houlton, Maine in United States to Woodstock in Canada, and Leary's operation was negatively affected by the expiration of Canadian–American Reciprocity Treaty in 1866.[16] By 1868, the changes resulted in substantial losses to Leary’s business. Initially, he moved to Houlton in an attempt to run his business from Maine, but soon decided instead to take his chances on the Western Frontier, as Puget Sound country offered excellent opportunities in lumber business.[1][17]

West Coast career

In 1869, Leary arrived to Seattle, then a village with a population of less than 1000 people with unpaved streets.[1][17] Unlike a typical entrepreneur in the Washington Territory of the time, Leary didn't stay with a particular area of business, but instead, engaged himself in a panoply of activities.[18] In words of Samuel L. Crawford, a Washingtonian journalist and Leary's contemporary,[19] "Mr. Leary had an unusually active mind and was a great promoter. His great "stunt" was to start some big enterprise and, after it was well under way, drop out of it himself. In this manner he fathered many of the big schemes of the day."[20]

As a result, in the next twenty years, Leary was involved in multiple operations simultaneously and "touched every line of public progress" of Seattle often at personal loss.[21][11] Nevertheless, by the beginning of 20th century, Leary accumulated a fortune estimated at $2 million, dying one of the richest person in Seattle, mostly profiting from his investments in Seattle real estate.[22][23]

Law practice

Advertising of Leary's law practice in The Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 1878

One of the most consistent Leary’s occupations in Seattle was law – he stayed active in this area for eleven years. After studying law, he was admitted to the bar in 1871, becoming a "pioneer lawyer" in Washington Territory.[17][24] In the same year, Leary became a junior partner in McNaught & Leary law firm.[25] In 1872, McNaught & Leary was one of five law firms in Seattle[26] and one of the six most active law firms in Washington Territory.[27]

Leary stayed with the firm until 1878 when it dissolved, as James F. McNaught took a position of an attorney for the Northern Pacific Railroad Company.[28] Leary initially started his own law practice, but then decided to form a law firm with Henry G. Struve. Struve & Leary Company was organized in 1879, and in 1880 when J.C. Haines joined the firm, it was renamed Struve, Haines & Leary. Leary stayed with the firm until 1882 when he fully devoted himself to his business and civic activities.[20][29][30]

Mining

In 1874, together with two partners, John Collins and James F. McNaught, Leary opened Talbot coal mine, located in present-day Renton.[31] The company had driven a 450-foot (140 m) long tunnel 16 feet (4.9 m) wide and 11 feet (3.4 m) high that exposed a vein of coal and build 1 mile (1.6 km) of railroad towards Black River from where the coal was shipped to Yesler’s Wharf in Seattle.[32] This operation brought first coal to Seattle,[33] however, as the bed proved to be badly faulted, the mine closed after a few years of excavations.[34]

In 1878–1880, Leary financed several geological expeditions in Washington – an effort aimed to the general development of the region and normally financed by local governments. The parities explored the west coast towards Cape Flattery, Skagit and Similkameen rivers, and parts of Eastern Washington. The expeditions confirmed the presence of rich coal and iron deposits and were made available to the public.[5][31][35]

In 1884, together with J.M. Colman, Leary took part in the opening of the Cedar River mines. He also was an early stockholder of other mines in Renton area.[36]

The most substantial Leary’s effort in mining was the creation of Leary Coal Company which developed the Ravensdale coal mines at Ravensdale. This mining town was founded by Leary and initially called "Leary." It began shipping coal in 1900 with initial output of 48,000 tons which was increased to 185,000 tons by 1905. The large coal shipments were made possible by a dedicated railroad line that was financed by Leary’s railroad projects and connected the mines to the Northern Pacific Railway. After Leary’s death, the mine was sold to Northern Pacific which operated the mines with 120,000+ tons output through 1915 until a mining accident which killed 31 miners and prompted the company to abandon the mines.[37][38]

Utilities

Leary assisted in organizing Seattle’s infrastructure, organizing various ventures often without regard for their potential profitability.[22]

In November 1881, Spring Hill Water Company (earlier purchased by Leary, together with Jacob Furth and Bailey Gatzert because of its insolvency) was the first to lay main water pipes along Seattle streets, pumping the water from Lake Washington. This created Seattle’s first water system, and by 1886, its capacity reached 200,000 US gallons (760,000 litres). In 1890, Leary and his partners sold the company to the city for $352,000.[11][39][40]

Leary was also among organizers of the first company that supplied the city with gas and served as its president until 1878.[31][33][35]

Banking

In September 1882, Leary participated in the founding of Seattle’s first bank – First National Bank of Seattle. (Before 1882, only a loan business founded by Dexter Horton operated in town.) Among Leary’s partners in this enterprise were William S. Ladd, a famous banker from Oregon, Henry Yesler, Seattle’s richest citizen, C.L. Dingley, G.W. Harris, and J.R. Lewis. The bank opened on November 15, 1882 with capitalization of $150,000.[41][42]

The bank’s solvency and stability helped the city to withstand the Panic of 1893.[42] Leary served as the president of the bank, but later "was obliged to resign … owing to the pressure of his other business interests."[5] The bank later merged into Seafirst Bank, which eventually was acquired by the Bank of America.[42]

Media

In 1878, Leary founded The Seattle Post, at the time the second daily newspaper of the town next to The Seattle Intelligencer. Leary was the main stakeholder in The Post and invested in the new Post building – a modern office building at a prime location. The newspaper, however, had never become profitable, and in 1881, Leary engineered a merge of the two dailies into The Seattle Post-Intelligencer.[35][43][44][45] In 1884, he sold all his interest in the combined paper.[11]

In 1890, together with several partners, Leary purchased Seattle Trade Journal which was established in 1888 by Edmond S. Meany and Alexander Begg, but a year later, sold it to The Seattle Telegraph.[46]

Real Estate

Yesler-Leary Building, 1888

Leary’s multiple investments in real estate were based on his firm belief in the future of Washington Territory and in Seattle in particular. Leary’s convictions proved to be accurate with time, leading to the success of these investments which turned out to be the main source of his accumulated fortune.[20]

For example, in 1883, together with Judge Burke and William R. Ballard, Leary purchased 700 acres (280 ha) of land on Salmon Bay. It was later divided into individual plots and sold to new settlers, thus forming city of Ballard, now a Seattle’s suburb.[47][48]

Among Leary’s other notable investments were the Cosmopolitan Hotel, the Seattle Post building, and "Yesler-Leary Block" – the most prestigious piece of commercial real estate in Seattle at the time. Yesler-Leary Block had a 108-feet facade facing 1st Avenue and 73-feet facade facing Yesler Way. Constructed in a joint venture with Henry Yesler in 1883 at a cost of over $100,000, this office building was destroyed by the Great Seattle Fire on June 6, 1889.[5][45][49]

Politics and civic activism

As the majority of Washington Territory settlers of the time, Leary was a Republican.[7] His contemporaries described him as an "outstanding civic leader,"[7], a "natural leader,"[33] and "a pioneer among pioneers."[16]

Leary served three terms as a councilman: in 1873, 1875, and 1876.[50] In 1884, he was elected mayor of Seattle for the next year, receiving 1311 votes. Seattle citizens supported and cheered for him during one of the biggest political meetings in Occidental Square.[4][51] At the time, the position of mayor wasn’t salaried and rather regarded as a civic duty. Leary was the first mayor, however, to hold regular office hours. He also pleasantly surprised Seattleites by investing his own money in the first street-paving project in the town when he planked 1st avenue.[33][52]

In 1892, during an economic downturn, Leary was on mayoral ballot again, but lost to Judge James T. Ronald, who ran on a democratic ticket.[53]

In 1890, Leary was among the first incorporators and a member of the board of trustees of Seattle Chamber of Commerce. He was the chamber’s first president, and later served as a president one more time.[54][55]

Transportation

Seattle first railroads

Driving the first pile for Seattle and Walla Walla Railroad, 1874

In 1873, after a few years of surveying, the Northern Pacific Railroad, the first transcontinental railroad to reach Puget Sound, unexpectedly[56] decided that Tacoma, and not Seattle would be its western terminus. The decision would direct most of the commercial traffic to the Port of Tacoma, condemning Seattle to a subservient position in the region. Dependent on commerce, Seattle population panicked and started making plans to remove their businesses and families to Tacoma.[20][57]

At this juncture, Leary managed to curtail the panic with the following stunt. He rushed to sell one of his hotels for $600 and used the proceedings to purchase a large quantity of piles and then to sink them in straight lines along a potential railroad bed, seemingly entering the town. The resulting illusion of someone building a railroad into Seattle has led to multiple rumors which stopped the initial panic and the exodus of people from Seattle.[20]

To resolve the problem in a long term, however, Seattle desperately needed a railroad connection.[58] The situation was exacerbated by the fact that aware of their choice of terminus in advance, Northern Pacific Railroad invested massively into Tacoma real estate and now was interested in Seattleites relocation to Tacoma.[59]

Leary’s stunt led to the inception of Seattle and Walla Walla Railroad,[20][33] which aimed to connect Settle to Walla Walla via Snoqualmie Pass and to direct at least some of Washington Territory traffic into the Port of Seattle. Several prominent citizens financially backed the project, including Arthur Denny, John Collins, Franklin Mathias, Angus Mackintosh, Henry Yesler, James McNaught, J. J. McGilvra, J. M. Colman, and Dexter Horton (Leary wasn’t among them), but it soon became apparent that Walla Walla had little interest in the venture, and Seattleites’ resources along were insufficient for the undertaking (estimated at $4 million). The construction of the railroad began in 1874, but never went beyond King County.[60][61]

In 1881, a temporarily leadership change at Northern Pacific led the company to connect its railroad to Seattle and Walla Walla railroad at Black River. The service to Seattle began in 1884; however, Norther Pacific continued using its monopoly power in favor of its Tacoma business interests and discriminated against Seattle merchants.[58][62]

The problem wasn’t resolved until Seattle commenced another railroad – Seattle, Lake Shore and Eastern Railway (SLS&E) – which would connect Seattle via Snohomish, Sedro-Woolley, and Sumas to Canadian Pacific Railway, thus circumventing Northern Pacific entirely. Leary was one of the organizers, incorporators, and investors into SLS&E, but the bulk of the needed investment came from New York bankers under specific and strict conditions.[63][64]

Leary also played a part at the final episode of the battle for Seattle’s independent railroad connection. As the construction of SLS&E was approaching Snohomish, a Tacoma judge issued a writ on behalf of Northern Pacific, ordering Snohomish authorities to stop the construction of the key Snohomish bridge. An ensuing legal battle would have resulted in a delay, leading to the violation of the financial agreement with New York bankers and, thus, was a threat to the entire operation. Judge Burke, another principal investor in SLS&E, and Leary commandeered a SLS&E railroad engine that was about to transport passengers, rushed it to Snohomish, arrived there before the writ, and convinced the local sheriff and its deputies to "disappear for a couple of days," so that no one could enforce the writ until the matter could be resolved in court. Putting all available personnel to work on the bridge, SLS&E completed the bridge on time.[65][66]

Maritime transportation

Contruction of The Bailey Gatzert, 1890

As Seattle railroad connections were secured, the Port of Seattle experienced a boom of maritime transportation. About $1 million worth of new steamers were added to the fleet of companies operating from Seattle in 1890, [67] and Leary made his contribution by organizing Seattle Steam Navigation & Transportation Company, which was incorporated with capital stock of $500,000. Besides Leary, who was the company’s first president, other principal investors were Jacob Furth, Edward Neufelder, W.R. Ballard, and H.G. Struve.[68]

Leary built for the company the steamer Bailey Gatzert, one of the finest steamers of her time.[68][69] It was named after Leary’s friend and close business associate Bailey Gatzert, and its cost was between $100,000[70] and $125,000.[68]

Within a year, in 1891 steamboat operators consolidated into Columbia River & Puget Sound Navigation Company. The president of the new company was Captain Uriah Bonsor Scott, and Leary became the vice-president. The company owned various steamers, operating between Puget Sound and Victoria, British Columbia, including the steamers The Telephone, The Fleetwood, The Flyer and Leary's Bailey Gatzert.[5][45][71]

Leary also played a significant role in organizing the first mail route from Seattle to Alaska.[72]

Other activities

Leary organized and was the president of West Coast Improvement Company, Seattle Land & Improvement Company, Seattle Warehouse & Elevator Company. He was also one of the directors and promoters of the James Street & Broadway Cable & Electric line and of West Street & North End Electric Railway Company.[31]

Personal Life

Family

Leary old family house, 208 Madison Street, Seattle
Leary new family house on Capitol Hill, 1551 10th Avenue East, Seattle

John Leary was married twice and had no children from either marriage.[20] His first wife, Mary B. Leary died on July 17, 1890 in San Francisco "after a short illness".[8][73]

On April 21, 1892, Leary married Eliza P. Ferry, Governor Elisha P. Ferry's daughter.[9]

The family resided on the corner of 2nd Avenue and Madison Street. In 1903 Leary started the construction of a new family home at a prime location of Capitol Hill, overlooking Lake Washington. At the time, it was estimated to be the most expensive private residence in Seattle. The architects were John Graham (the founder of John Graham & Company later credited for many historic Seattle landmarks, including the Space Needle) and Arthur Bodley.[20][74][75][76]

The new house, however, wasn’t fully completed before Leary’s death, but for many years remained a residence of his widow and a famous place for social and charitable gatherings until Eliza Leary’s death in 1935. In 1948, the house was purchased by Episcopal Diocese of Olympia and as 2020 operates as its headquarters. The house was added to National Register of Historic Places in 1972.[74][75]

Two of Leary’s still living relatives were known at the time of his death: his sister Margaret or Maggie Leary Baker of Philadelphia and Jane Leary of Fredericton, New Brunswick.[77]

Charitable activities

Leary was known for a broad spectrum of charitable activities.[78] His associate Alfred Battle described Leary as "the most charitable men I ever knew. He gave money to everybody he thought needed it."[20]

Leary’s both wives were actively engaged in charitable activities, donating some of his fortune to notable causes. Mary B. Leary was the founder and the president of Ladies relief society of Seattle, organized in 1884 to help unfortunate families and individuals.[79] Eliza P. Leary was also engaged in charitable activities, especially John Leary’s death, as both an active member of Seattle’s Sunset Club and a member of the local chapter of Daughters of the American Revolution.[80]

Organizations

Leary of among the original founders of Rainier Club, one of the most prestigious city’s organizations. He also served as its president in 1890.[81][82]

In addition, Leary was an officer in Seattle’s chapter of Royal Arch Masons and a member of a local chapter of Odd Fellows.[83]

Death and legacy

Leary’s health deteriorated in the last three years of his life, as he suffered from liver’s decease. He withdrew from most of his business activities and spent substantial time in Southern California. He also made two trips to Carlsbad, Germany.[20][84]

Leary died from heart failure in Riverside, California on February 9, 1905.[10] His body was transported to Seattle, and his funeral took place on February 15.[23] He was buried at Lake View Cemetery on Capitol Hill.[3]

Leary died one of the wealthiest person in Seattle,[23] leaving a fortune valued at $2 million.[11] It was almost entirely left to his wife Eliza.[77] One of the Seattle streets – Leary Way – was named after Leary.[85]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d Hanford 1924, v.II, p. 30.
  2. ^ a b Spokane Chronicle; Feb 8, 1905.
  3. ^ a b Duncon 1980.
  4. ^ a b Seattle Post-Intelligencer; Jul 25, 1884.
  5. ^ a b c d e Hanford 1924, v.II, p. 34.
  6. ^ a b Hanford 1924, v.II, pp. 34-35.
  7. ^ a b c Conover 1960.
  8. ^ a b Victoria Daily Times; Jul 19, 1890.
  9. ^ a b Bagley 1916, v.II, p. 727.
  10. ^ a b Seattle Daily Times; Feb 14, 1905, p. 1.
  11. ^ a b c d e Tate 2004.
  12. ^ Conover 1949.
  13. ^ Hunt & Kaylor 1917, v.II; p.33.
  14. ^ Hunt & Kaylor 1917, v.II; pp.33-34.
  15. ^ Morning Freeman; Feb 13, 1868.
  16. ^ a b Bagley 1916, v.II, p.725.
  17. ^ a b c Hunt & Kaylor 1917, v.II; p.34.
  18. ^ McDonald 1959, p. 7.
  19. ^ Hunt & Kaylor 1917, v.II; p.475.
  20. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Seattle Post-Intelligencer; Feb 9, 1905, p. 1.
  21. ^ Bagley 1916, v.II, pp.726-727.
  22. ^ a b Seattle Post-Intelligencer; Feb 9, 1905, p. 1, 9.
  23. ^ a b c Seattle Daily Times; Feb 15, 1905.
  24. ^ Bagley 1916, v.II, p.724.
  25. ^ Hanford 1924, v.II, pp. 30,33.
  26. ^ Hunt & Kaylor 1917, v.I; p.250.
  27. ^ Bagley 1916, v.I, p.294.
  28. ^ Bagley 1916, v.I, p.303.
  29. ^ Hunt & Kaylor 1917, v.II; pp.34, 246.
  30. ^ Bagley 1916, v.I, p. 303.
  31. ^ a b c d Bagley 1916, v.II, p.726.
  32. ^ Bagley 1916, v.I, p.130.
  33. ^ a b c d e Hanford 1924, v.II, p. 33.
  34. ^ Evans 1912, p. 13.
  35. ^ a b c Seattle Post-Intelligencer; Feb 9, 1905, p. 9.
  36. ^ Snowden 1909, v.IV; p.134.
  37. ^ Bagley 1916, v.I, p.133.
  38. ^ Benton 1964, p. 69-70.
  39. ^ Bagley 1916, v.I, p.266.
  40. ^ Stein 2000.
  41. ^ Bagley 1916, v.II, p.480.
  42. ^ a b c Conover 1958.
  43. ^ Tate 2009.
  44. ^ Bagley 1916, v.I, pp.191-192; v.II, p.726.
  45. ^ a b c The Seattle Star; Feb 8, 1905.
  46. ^ Bagley 1916, v.I, p.202.
  47. ^ Bagley 1916, v.III, p. 693.
  48. ^ Hines 1893, p. 784.
  49. ^ Bagley 1916, v.II, pp. 636, 688.
  50. ^ Bagley 1916, v.II, p.560.
  51. ^ Seattle Post-Intelligencer; Jul 13, 1884.
  52. ^ Seattle Post-Intelligencer; Feb 9, 1905, p. 1,9.
  53. ^ Hunt & Kaylor 1917, v.III; p.249.
  54. ^ Bagley 1916, v.II, p.574.
  55. ^ Seattle Daily Times; Feb 13, 1905.
  56. ^ Bagley 1916, v.I, p.244.
  57. ^ Jones 1972, p. 109.
  58. ^ a b Benton 1964, p. 66.
  59. ^ Bagley 1916, v.I, p.243.
  60. ^ Jones 1972, p. 110-114.
  61. ^ Bagley 1916, v.I, p.245.
  62. ^ Bagley 1916, v.I, p.248.
  63. ^ Bagley 1916, v.I, p.249.
  64. ^ Seattle Post-Intelligencer; May 8, 1900.
  65. ^ Bagley 1916, v.I, pp.246-251.
  66. ^ Hunt & Kaylor 1917, v.I; pp.391-392.
  67. ^ Bagley 1916, v.I, p.119.
  68. ^ a b c Bagley 1916, v.I, p.120.
  69. ^ Schwantes 1999, p. 364.
  70. ^ Seattle Post-Intelligencer; Aug 24, 1890.
  71. ^ Bagley 1916, v.I, p. 120).
  72. ^ Bagley 1916, v.II, p. 726.
  73. ^ San Francisco Call; Jul 19, 1890.
  74. ^ a b Brown 1984.
  75. ^ a b Haigh 1964.
  76. ^ Seattle Daily Times; Feb 10, 1905.
  77. ^ a b Seattle Daily Times; Feb 25, 1905.
  78. ^ Hanford 1924, v.II, p. 35.
  79. ^ Bagley 1916, v.II, pp.488-489.
  80. ^ Bagley 1916, v.II, p.727.
  81. ^ Bagley 1916, v.II, pp.577, 727.
  82. ^ Brazier 1963.
  83. ^ Bagley 1916, v.II, pp.581-582.
  84. ^ Seattle Daily Times; Feb 14, 1905, p. 1, 15.
  85. ^ Wright 1967.

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Haigh, John (November 15, 1964). "Joshua Green's first hill home". Seattle Daily Times. Seattle: The Seattle Times Company. pp. 193, 194. ISSN 2639-4898. LCCN sn86072007. OCLC 1765328. Retrieved June 3, 2020.
Conover, C. T. (October 12, 1958). "Just cogitating: Seattle's First Bank was established in 1882". Seattle Daily Times. Seattle: The Seattle Times Company. p. 150. ISSN 2639-4898. LCCN sn86072007. OCLC 1765328. Retrieved June 3, 2020.
Wright, Don (February 2, 1967). "Times Troubleshooter". Seattle Daily Times. Seattle: The Seattle Times Company. p. 52. ISSN 2639-4898. LCCN sn86072007. OCLC 1765328. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
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Brown, Larry (May 27, 1984). "The Leary legacy". Seattle Daily Times. Seattle: The Seattle Times Company. pp. 228, 229. ISSN 2639-4898. LCCN sn86072007. OCLC 1765328. Retrieved June 3, 2020.
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