Jump to content

Kyiv Fortress

Coordinates: 50°26′4″N 30°31′40″E / 50.43444°N 30.52778°E / 50.43444; 30.52778
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Arielsilverstone (talk | contribs) at 16:15, 15 October 2020. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Kyiv Fortress
Київська фортеця
Map
Location24a Hospitalna Street
 Kyiv
 Ukraine
Public transit accessKlovska station, Palats Sportu station (Template:KIEVMETRO-line3); trolleybus
An 1830 map of the fortress

The Kyiv Fortress or Kiev Fortress (Ukrainian: Київська фортеця, romanized: Kyivska fortetsia; Russian: Киевская крепость, romanized: Kievskaya krepost) (also New Pechersk Fortress) is a historical and architectural monument complex of Russian fortifications in Kyiv, Ukraine built from the 17th through 19th centuries. Construction began after the 1654 Council in Pereyaslav, on the site of the already existing fortified monastery of Kyiv Pechersk Lavra. Located on the hills of the high right bank of the Dnieper, bounded on the north by the Klovsky ravine, on the south and west - by the slopes of the Lybid River valley.

The Kyiv Fortress once belonged to the extensive system of western Russian fortresses that existed in the Russian Empire. The Kyiv Fortress complex features many separate fortifications in Vasylkivka,Pechersk, Lysogorsky, Podil, Zvirynetska, and other city districts of Kyiv. Currently most of the remaining structures have received a historic designation. The main fortification associated with the Kyiv Fortress (where located the Historic and Architectural Museum) is the Hospital fortification.[citation needed]

Overview

Row of artillery guns at Hospital fortifications
Northern Semi-tower

History

міні|280пкс|ліворуч|План Києво-Печерської фортеці, 1783 [[Файл:Kyiv Arsenal panorama.jpg|міні|280пкс|ліворуч|На передньому плані: «Арсенал», Микільська брама (зліва). На задньому: Великий і малий Микільські собори, лавра (справа)]] [[Файл:Київська фортеця.jpg|міні|280пкс|ліворуч|Сучасний вигляд Київської фортеці, серпень 2009 року]] міні|280пкс|Панорама фортеці (аерофото 1918 року) 280пкс|мини|План Київської фортеці, 1830-ті роки Київська фортеця є комплексом оборонних споруд Києва, який формувався протягом 15-ти століть. До складу Київської фортеці входять Києво-Печерська лавра, територія національного музею історії України у Другій світовій війні, завод «Арсенал» і багато інших об'єктів: валів та оборонних мурів Києва. Having lost their military importance in the 20th century, the buildings continued to be used as barracks, storage and incarceration facilities. Some of them played independent historical roles. The Kosyi Caponier ("Skew Caponier") became a prison for the political inmates in the 1900s–1920s and was later turned into a Soviet museum. Now it is the center of the modern museum, the National Historical and Architectural Museum "Kyiv Fortress", located on the premises of the Main Military Clinical Hospital of Kyiv [1]. A small fortress built in 1872 on the legendary Lysa Hora ("Bald Mountain") in 1906 became a place of executions for convicted political inmates. It is now a landscape reserve and part of the museum complex.

Composition

  • Old Pechersk fortresses (1655-1803)
  • New Pechersk Fortress (1831-?)
    • Citadel (Askold's Grave, 1706-)
    • Hospital fortifications (Cherepanova Hora, 1836-)
      • Northern Semi-tower
    • Vasylkiv fortifications (1831-)
    • separately built fortifications: 3 towers, 3 barracks, other fortifications
  • Zvirynets fortifications (Vydubychi, 1810-1918)
  • Lysohirsky Fort (Lysa Hora, 1874-?)

Description

The fortress complex consisted of about four main areas, the western side which had the hospital fortification and the Vasylkiv fortification, the northern (city) side had the Kyiv Arsenal area including government buildings and gendarme barracks, the southern side included the Kyiv-Pechersk citadel with Lavra, was reinforced with four lunettes and further to the south with Zvirynets fortification, on Trukhaniv island across Dnieper was located a brick factory.

There were seven round or semi-round fortified buildings conditionally called towers. Three of those towers were part of the Vasylkiv fortification. One semi-tower was part of the hospital fortification.

Current state

Notable individuals who served at the fortress

Kyiv Fortress Museum

Within the Kyiv Fortress is the Kyiv Fortress Museum, or Kyivska Fortetsya. It is semi-underground. The museum is housed in a 19th-century building, which was formerly a wing of the fortress.[2]

Kyiv fortress
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kiev Fortress.
  • Main gate to the Hospital fort
    Main gate to the Hospital fort
  • View from the Main gate of the Hospital fort
    View from the Main gate of the Hospital fort
  • Cannons on the wall of the Hospital fort
    Cannons on the wall of the Hospital fort
  • The Main gate and the wall to the Hospital fort (view from the East)
    The Main gate and the wall to the Hospital fort (view from the East)
  • The Main gate and the wall to the Hospital fort (view from the West)
    The Main gate and the wall to the Hospital fort (view from the West)
  • Skew Caponier
    Skew Caponier
  • Tower No.1 (reduit, Vasylkiv fort)
    Tower No.1 (reduit, Vasylkiv fort)
  • Round tower No.2 (Vasylkiv fort)
    Round tower No.2 (Vasylkiv fort)
  • Prozorivska tower No.3 (Vasylkiv fort)
    Prozorivska tower No.3 (Vasylkiv fort)

See also

References

  1. ^ "National Military Medical Clinical Center (Main Military Clinical Hospital)".
  2. ^ "Kiev Fortress Museum - Unique Semi-Underground Museum". NewMedia Holdings, Inc. Retrieved 23 January 2013.

50°26′4″N 30°31′40″E / 50.43444°N 30.52778°E / 50.43444; 30.52778

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kyiv_Fortress&oldid=983677312"