Jump to content

1999 NCAA Division I-A football season

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

1999 NCAA Division I-A season
The Superdome was the site of the national championship
Number of teams114
Preseason AP No. 1Florida State
Postseason
DurationDecember 18, 1999 –
January 4, 2000
Bowl games23
Heisman TrophyRon Dayne (running back, Wisconsin)
Bowl Championship Series
2000 Sugar Bowl
SiteLouisiana Superdome,
New Orleans, Louisiana
Champion(s)Florida State
Division I-A football seasons
← 1998
2000 →

The 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season saw Florida State named national champions, defeating Virginia Tech in the BCS Sugar Bowl.

Florida State became the first team in history to start out preseason No. 1 and remain there through the entire season. Their 12–0 season gave them 109 victories in the '90s, the most for any decade. Virginia Tech also had a remarkable season behind freshman quarterback Michael Vick, who was being touted as college football's best player.

Vick was outshone in the national championship game by Florida State wide receiver Peter Warrick. Warrick had early problems with the law, charged with a misdemeanor he sat out two games early in the season. But he scored three touchdowns in the title game, earning MVP honors.

The BCS adopted a new rule after the previous season, nicknamed the "Kansas State Rule," which stated that any team ranked in the top four in the final BCS poll is assured of an invitation to a BCS bowl game.

Many teams faced debacles. East Carolina faced Hurricane Floyd, and in that same week, faced the No. 9 Miami Hurricanes. The Pirates were down, 23–3, but scored 24 unanswered points to win the football game, 27–23.

Kansas State finished 6th in the BCS standings but again received no BCS bowl invitation, this time being passed over in favor of Michigan (ranked eighth). Kansas State's predicament demonstrated early on the problem of trying to balance historic bowl ties and creating a system which gives top bowl bids to the most deserving teams. In addition, for a second straight season, a team from outside the BCS Automatic Qualifying conferences (Marshall) went undefeated but did not receive a bid to a BCS bowl game, which illustrated the problem of BCS Non-Automatic Qualifying conference teams being shut out of the BCS bowls.

Rule changes

[edit]

The NCAA Rules Committee adopted the following changes for the 1999 season:[1]

  • Holding penalties committed behind the line of scrimmage will be enforced from the previous spot, modifying a 1991 rule that penalized holding (as well as illegal use of hands and clipping) committed behind the scrimmage line from the spot of the foul.
  • The penalty for intentional grounding was changed from a five-yard penalty from the spot of the foul plus loss-of-down to simply a loss-of-down at the spot of the foul.
  • Bandannas that are visible are considered illegal equipment.
  • Offensive teams may not break a huddle with 12 or more players.
  • Continuing action dead-ball fouls against both teams are disregarded, however any disqualified players must leave the game.

Conference and program changes

[edit]

Two teams upgraded from Division I-AA, thus increasing the number of Division I-A schools from 112 to 114.

Conference changes

[edit]
School 1998 Conference 1999 Conference
Air Force Falcons WAC Mountain West
Alabama–Birmingham Blazers I-A Independent Conference USA
Arkansas State Indians I-A Independent Big West
Buffalo Bulls I-AA Independent MAC (I-A)
BYU Cougars WAC Mountain West
Colorado State Rams WAC Mountain West
Middle Tennessee Blue Raiders Ohio Valley (I-AA) I-A Independent
New Mexico Lobos WAC Mountain West
San Diego State Aztecs WAC Mountain West
UNLV Rebels WAC Mountain West
Utah Utes WAC Mountain West
Wyoming Cowboys WAC Mountain West

Program changes

[edit]

Two programs, each playing as independents, changed their names prior to the season:

Regular Season

[edit]

August–September

[edit]

In the preseason AP Poll, No. 1 Florida State was followed by No. 2 Tennessee, the team which had defeated them in last year's championship game. The top five were rounded out by No. 3 Penn State, No. 4 Arizona, and No. 5 Florida.

August 28: No. 1 Florida State beat Louisiana Tech 41–7, and No. 3 Penn State blasted No. 4 Arizona by the same 41–7 score in the Pigskin Classic. The other highly ranked teams had not begun their seasons, and the next AP Poll featured No. 1 Florida State, No. 2 Penn State, No. 3 Tennessee, No. 4 Florida, and No. 5 Nebraska (who moved up from sixth place).

September 4: No. 1 Florida State was idle. No. 2 Penn State posted another blowout win, 70–24 over Akron. No. 3 Tennessee began their schedule with a 42–17 defeat of Wyoming, No. 4 Florida beat Western Michigan 55–26, and No. 5 Nebraska won 42–7 at Iowa. The top five remained the same in the next poll.

September 11: No. 1 Florida State got past No. 10 Georgia Tech by a 41–35 score. No. 2 Penn State had an even closer call, needing a late field goal and a block of a potential game-tying kick with time running out to preserve a 20–17 win over rival Pittsburgh. No. 3 Tennessee was idle. No. 4 Florida beat Central Florida 58–27, and No. 5 Nebraska shut out California 45–0. The next poll featured No. 1 Florida State, No. 2 Tennessee, and No. 3 Penn State, with Florida and Nebraska tied at No. 4.

September 18: No. 1 Florida State beat No. 20 North Carolina State 42–11. No. 2 Tennessee visited No. 4 Florida, whom they had defeated in 1998 after several frustrating losses earlier in the decade. This time, the Gators went back on top in a 23–21 squeaker. No. 3 Penn State edged past No. 8 Miami as the Nittany Lions followed a crucial fourth-down stop with a 79-yard touchdown pass to win 27–23. No. 4 Nebraska dropped out of the top five after struggling to beat Southern Mississippi 20–13. A tie-breaking safety proved to be the key play in No. 6 Michigan's 18–13 win at Syracuse, while No. 7 Texas A&M overwhelmed Tulsa 62–13. The next poll featured No. 1 Florida State, No. 2 Penn State, No. 3 Florida, No. 4 Michigan, and No. 5 Texas A&M.

September 25: No. 1 Florida State visited North Carolina for a 42–10 victory, No. 2 Penn State defeated Indiana 45–24, and No. 3 Florida won 38–10 at Kentucky. No. 4 Michigan held eventual Heisman Trophy winner Ron Dayne without a single rushing yard in the second half of the Wolverines' 21–16 victory at No. 20 Wisconsin. No. 5 Texas A&M beat Southern Mississippi 23–6, and the top five remained the same in the next poll.

October

[edit]

October 2: No. 1 Florida State beat Duke 51–23. No. 2 Penn State was idle. No. 3 Florida hosted No. 21 Alabama for a thriller in which the Crimson Tide's Shaun Alexander ran for four touchdowns, including game-tying scores both at the end of regulation and in overtime. Alabama missed the extra point on the latter touchdown, but an offsides penalty gave their kicker a second chance, and this time he converted the point-after for a 40-39 finish which was Florida's first loss at home in five years. No. 4 Michigan defeated No. 11 Purdue 38–12, but No. 5 Texas A&M was upset 21–19 by Texas Tech. No. 6 Nebraska won 38–14 over Oklahoma State, and No. 8 Virginia Tech pulled off a 31–7 victory at No. 24 Virginia. The next poll featured No. 1 Florida State, No. 2 Penn State, No. 3 Michigan, No. 4 Nebraska, and No. 5 Virginia Tech.

October 9: No. 1 Florida State hosted No. 19 Miami and won 31–21, while No. 2 Penn State visited Iowa for a 31–7 victory. No. 3 Michigan fell 34–31 to No. 11 Michigan State as the Spartans' Bill Burke and Plaxico Burress set school records for passing and receiving yards. No. 4 Nebraska defeated Iowa State 49–14, and No. 5 Virginia Tech won 58–20 at Rutgers. The next poll featured No. 1 Florida State, No. 2 Penn State, No. 3 Nebraska, No. 4 Virginia Tech, and No. 5 Michigan State.

October 16: No. 1 Florida State beat Wake Forest 33–10, and No. 2 Penn State defeated No. 18 Ohio State 23–10. No. 3 Nebraska was idle. No. 4 Virginia Tech overwhelmed No. 16 Syracuse 62–0; not only did the Hokies' offense put on a show, but the defense also returned two fumbles and an interception for touchdowns. No. 5 Michigan State lost 52–28 at No. 20 Purdue. No. 6 Tennessee was idle, but nevertheless moved back into the top five: No. 1 Florida State, No. 2 Penn State, No. 3 Nebraska, No. 4 Virginia Tech, and No. 5 Tennessee.

October 23: Clemson coach Tommy Bowden nearly pulled off an upset against his father Bobby's top-ranked Florida State team, but the Seminoles escaped with a 17–14 victory. No. 2 Penn State looked ineffective on offense, but the Nittany Lions converted three turnovers into touchdowns in a 31–25 win at No. 16 Purdue which moved coach Joe Paterno into third place on the all-time wins list. No. 3 Nebraska also struggled to hold onto the ball, losing three fumbles (including a crucial one at their opponent's 2-yard line) in a 24–20 loss at No. 18 Texas. No. 4 Virginia Tech was idle. No. 5 Tennessee visited No. 10 Alabama for a 21–7 win, and idle No. 6 Florida returned to the top five: No. 1 Florida State, No. 2 Penn State, No. 3 Virginia Tech, No. 4 Tennessee, and No. 5 Florida. The first BCS standings, released after this weekend's games, had the same top four but placed Kansas State at No. 5.

October 30: No. 1 Florida State won 35–10 at Virginia, No. 2 Penn State went to Illinois for a 27–7 victory, No. 3 Virginia Tech was a 30–17 winner at Pittsburgh, No. 4 Tennessee beat South Carolina 30–7, and No. 5 Florida defeated No. 10 Georgia 30–14. The top five remained the same in the AP Poll, and Florida's big victory was sufficient to move the Gators from sixth to fourth place in the BCS standings.

November

[edit]

November 6: No. 1 Florida State was idle. Unranked Minnesota completed a 4th-and-16 pass to set up a game-winning field goal and stun No. 2 Penn State 24–23; after their hot start, the Nittany Lions would lose all of their remaining regular-season games by a touchdown or less. Another thriller took place in Morgantown, where No. 3 Virginia Tech led West Virginia 19–7 with five minutes left but then allowed two Mountaineers touchdowns in quick succession. In a last-ditch effort, Michael Vick led the Hokies on a 58-yard drive resulting in a field goal which put them back on top 22–20 as time expired. No. 4 Tennessee beat No. 24 Notre Dame 38–14, No. 5 Florida escaped Vanderbilt 13–6, and No. 6 Kansas State held off Colorado 20–14. The next AP Poll featured No. 1 Florida State, No. 2 Virginia Tech, No. 3 Tennessee, No. 4 Florida, and No. 5 Kansas State; the BCS standings had Tennessee second and Virginia Tech third.

November 13: No. 1 Florida State defeated Maryland 49–10. No. 2 Virginia Tech beat No. 19 Miami 43–10. No. 3 Tennessee blew a fourth-quarter lead to Arkansas and lost 28–24, while No. 4 Florida won 20–3 at South Carolina to clinch a spot in the SEC Championship Game. No. 5 Kansas State fell 41–15 at No. 7 Nebraska. No. 9 Wisconsin breezed past Iowa 41–3 to win the Big Ten title and a spot in the Rose Bowl. The next AP Poll featured No. 1 Florida State, No. 2 Virginia Tech, No. 3 Florida, No. 4 Nebraska, and No. 5 Wisconsin, while the BCS standings had Nebraska third, Florida fourth, and Tennessee fifth.

November 20: Undefeated No. 1 Florida State visited one-loss No. 3 Florida with a spot in the national title game likely at stake, and the Seminoles prevailed 30–23. No. 2 Virginia Tech, the only other undefeated squad in the major conferences, blew out Temple 62–7. No. 4 Nebraska was idle, and No. 5 Wisconsin had already finished their schedule. The next AP Poll featured No. 1 Florida State, No. 2 Virginia Tech, No. 3 Nebraska, No. 4 Wisconsin, and No. 5 Florida; the BCS standings ranked Tennessee fourth rather than Wisconsin.

November 26: No. 1 Florida State, No. 4 Wisconsin, and No. 5 Florida had all finished their schedules. No. 2 Virginia Tech completed their undefeated season with a 38–14 defeat of No. 22 Boston College. No. 3 Nebraska blew a 27–3 fourth-quarter lead over Colorado and gave the Buffaloes a chance to win in regulation, but a missed field goal sent the game to overtime. After Colorado opened the extra period with a field goal, Eric Crouch's one-yard touchdown run gave the Cornhuskers a 33–30 win and a berth in the Big 12 Championship Game. The top five remained the same in the next AP Poll; the BCS standings had Florida fourth and Tennessee fifth.

December

[edit]

December 4: In the Big 12 Championship Game, No. 3 Nebraska faced No. 12 Texas, the only team that had defeated them in the regular season. The Cornhuskers redeemed themselves this time, breezing to a 22–6 victory. The SEC Championship Game between No. 5 Florida and No. 7 Alabama had a much more surprising result. After the favored Gators scored the first touchdown, the Crimson Tide ran off 34 points in a row on their way to a 34–7 victory. The final AP Poll of the regular season featured No. 1 Florida State, No. 2 Virginia Tech, No. 3 Nebraska, No. 4 Wisconsin, and No. 5 Alabama; the final BCS standings had the same top three, Alabama fourth, and Tennessee fifth.

As the only two unbeaten teams in the major conferences, No. 1 Florida State and No. 2 Virginia Tech were the obvious choices to play for the national championship in the Sugar Bowl. No. 3 Nebraska drew No. 6 Tennessee, who earned an at-large BCS bid, in the Fiesta Bowl. The Rose Bowl featured the usual Big Ten/Pac-10 matchup between No. 4 Wisconsin and No. 22 Stanford. No. 8 Michigan, who finished second in the Big Ten, got the other at-large spot and faced No. 5 Alabama in the Orange Bowl. For the second year in a row, No. 7 Kansas State was kept out of the BCS bowls despite having just one loss; the Wildcats' opponent would be Washington in the Holiday Bowl. No. 11 Marshall, who finished undefeated but was not part of a major conference, went up against Brigham Young in the Motor City Bowl.

Regular season top 10 matchups

[edit]

Rankings reflect the AP Poll. Rankings for Week 9 and beyond will list BCS Rankings first and AP Poll second. Teams that failed to be a top 10 team for one poll or the other will be noted.

Conference standings

[edit]
1999 Atlantic Coast Conference football standings
Conf Overall
Team   W   L     W   L  
No. 1 Florida State $#   8 0     12 0  
No. 17 Georgia Tech   5 3     8 4  
Virginia   5 3     7 5  
Clemson   5 3     6 6  
Wake Forest   3 5     7 5  
NC State   3 5     6 6  
Duke   3 5     3 8  
Maryland   2 6     5 6  
North Carolina   2 6     3 8  
  • # – BCS National Champion
  • $ – BCS representative as conference champion
Rankings from AP Poll
1999 Big 12 Conference football standings
Conf Overall
Team   W   L     W   L  
North Division
No. 3 Nebraska xy$   7 1     12 1  
No. 6 Kansas State x   7 1     11 1  
Colorado   5 3     7 5  
Kansas   3 5     5 7  
Iowa State   1 7     4 7  
Missouri   1 7     4 7  
South Division
No. 21 Texas xy   6 2     9 5  
Oklahoma   5 3     7 5  
Texas Tech   5 3     6 5  
No. 23 Texas A&M   5 3     8 4  
Oklahoma State   3 5     5 6  
Baylor   0 8     1 10  
Championship: Nebraska 22, Texas 6
  • $ – BCS representative as conference champion
  • x – Division champion/co-champions
  • y – Championship game participant
Rankings from AP Poll
1999 Big East Conference football standings
Conf Overall
Team   W   L     W   L  
No. 2 Virginia Tech $   7 0     11 1  
No. 15 Miami (FL)   6 1     9 4  
Boston College   4 3     8 4  
Syracuse   3 4     7 5  
West Virginia   3 4     4 7  
Pittsburgh   2 5     5 6  
Temple   2 5     2 9  
Rutgers   1 6     1 10  
  • $ – BCS representative as conference champion
Rankings from AP Poll
1999 Big Ten Conference football standings
Conf Overall
Team   W   L     W   L  
No. 4 Wisconsin $   7 1     10 2  
No. 7 Michigan State   6 2     10 2  
No. 5 Michigan %   6 2     10 2  
No. 11 Penn State   5 3     10 3  
No. 18 Minnesota   5 3     8 4  
No. 24 Illinois   4 4     8 4  
No. 25 Purdue   4 4     7 5  
Ohio State   3 5     6 6  
Indiana   3 5     4 7  
Northwestern   1 7     3 8  
Iowa   0 8     1 10  
  • $ – BCS representative as conference champion
  • % – BCS at-large representative
Rankings from AP Poll
1999 Big West Conference football standings
Conf Overall
Team   W   L     W   L  
Boise State $   5 1     10 3  
Idaho   4 2     7 4  
New Mexico State   3 2     6 5  
Utah State   3 3     4 7  
Arkansas State   2 3     4 7  
Nevada   2 4     3 8  
North Texas   1 5     2 9  
  • $ – Conference champion
1999 Conference USA football standings
Conf Overall
Team   W   L     W   L  
No. 14 Southern Miss $   6 0     9 3  
East Carolina   4 2     9 3  
Louisville   4 2     7 5  
UAB   4 2     5 6  
Memphis   4 2     5 6  
Houston   3 3     7 4  
Army   1 5     3 8  
Tulane   1 5     3 8  
Cincinnati   0 6     3 8  
  • $ – Conference champion
Rankings from AP Poll
1999 Mid-American Conference football standings
Conf Overall
Team   W   L     W   L  
East Division
No. 10 Marshall x$   8 0     13 0  
Miami (OH)   6 2     7 4  
Akron   5 3     7 4  
Ohio   5 3     5 6  
Bowling Green   3 5     5 6  
Kent State   2 6     2 9  
Buffalo   0 8     0 11  
West Division
Western Michigan x   6 2     7 5  
Toledo   5 3     6 5  
Northern Illinois   5 3     5 6  
Eastern Michigan   4 4     4 7  
Central Michigan   3 5     4 7  
Ball State   0 8     0 11  
Championship: Marshall 34, Western Michigan 30
  • $ – Conference champion
  • x – Division champion/co-champions
Rankings from AP Poll
1999 Mountain West Conference football standings
Conf Overall
Team   W   L     W   L  
Utah +   5 2     9 3  
BYU +   5 2     8 4  
Colorado State +   5 2     8 4  
Wyoming   4 3     7 4  
San Diego State   3 4     5 6  
New Mexico   3 4     4 7  
Air Force   2 5     6 5  
UNLV   1 6     3 8  
  • + – Conference co-champions
Rankings from AP Poll
1999 Pacific-10 Conference football standings
Conf Overall
Team   W   L     W   L  
Stanford $   7 1     8 4  
No. 19 Oregon   6 2     9 3  
Washington   6 2     7 5  
Arizona State   5 3     6 6  
Oregon State   4 4     7 5  
Arizona   3 5     6 6  
USC   3 5     6 6  
California   3 5     4 7  
UCLA   2 6     4 7  
Washington State   1 7     3 9  
  • $ – BCS representative as conference champion
  • Cal later vacated 4 wins (3 in conference) due to NCAA sanctions.
Rankings from AP Poll
1999 Southeastern Conference football standings
Conf Overall
Team   W   L     W   L  
Eastern Division
No. 12 Florida x   7 1     9 4  
No. 9 Tennessee   6 2     9 3  
No. 16 Georgia   5 3     8 4  
Kentucky   4 4     6 6  
Vanderbilt   2 6     5 6  
South Carolina   0 8     0 11  
Western Division
No. 8 Alabama x$   7 1     10 3  
No. 13 Mississippi State   6 2     10 2  
No. 22 Ole Miss   4 4     8 4  
No. 17 Arkansas   4 4     8 4  
Auburn   2 6     5 6  
LSU   1 7     3 8  
Championship: Alabama 34, Florida 7
  • $ – BCS representative as conference champion
  • x – Division champion/co-champions
Rankings from AP Poll
1999 Western Athletic Conference football standings
Conf Overall
Team   W   L     W   L  
Hawaii +   5 2     9 4  
TCU +   5 2     8 4  
Fresno State +   5 2     8 5  
Rice   4 3     5 6  
SMU   3 3     4 6  
UTEP   3 4     5 7  
San Jose State   1 5     3 7  
Tulsa   1 6     2 9  
  • + – Conference co-champions
1999 NCAA Division I-A independents football records
Conf Overall
Team   W   L     W   L  
Louisiana Tech       8 3  
Louisiana–Monroe       5 6  
Notre Dame       5 7  
Navy       5 7  
UCF       4 7  
Middle Tennessee       3 8  
Louisiana–Lafayette       2 9  
Rankings from AP Poll

Rankings

[edit]

The top 25 from the AP and USA Today/ESPN Coaches Polls.

Pre-season polls

[edit]
AP
Ranking Team
1 Florida State (48)
2 Tennessee (15)
3 Penn State (4)
4 Arizona (1)
5 Florida (1)
6 Nebraska
7 Texas A&M
8 Michigan
9 Ohio State
10 Wisconsin
11 Georgia Tech
12 Miami (FL)
13 Virginia Tech (1)
14 Georgia
15 Colorado
16 UCLA
17 Texas
18 Notre Dame
19 USC
20т Alabama
Kansas State
22 Arkansas
23 Purdue
24 Virginia
25 Arizona State
USA Today/ESPN Coaches
Ranking Team
1 Florida State (36)
2 Tennessee (13)
3 Arizona (2)
4 Penn State (8)
5 Florida
6 Nebraska
7 Michigan
8 Texas A&M
9 Ohio State
10 Wisconsin
11 Georgia Tech
12 Miami (FL)
13 Georgia
14 Virginia Tech
15 UCLA
16 Texas
17 Colorado
18 Notre Dame
19 Kansas State
20 Alabama
21 USC
22 Arkansas
23 Purdue
24 Virginia
25 Arizona State

BCS final rankings

[edit]
Rank Team Conference and standing Bowl game
1 Florida State ACC champions Sugar Bowl (BCS National Championship)
2 Virginia Tech Big East champions Sugar Bowl (BCS National Championship)
3 Nebraska Big 12 Champions Fiesta Bowl
4 Alabama SEC Champions Orange Bowl
5 Tennessee SEC Eastern Division second place Fiesta Bowl
6 Kansas State Co-Big 12 North Division Champions Holiday Bowl
7 Wisconsin Big Ten Champions Rose Bowl
8 Michigan Big Ten second place (tie) Orange Bowl
9 Michigan State Big Ten second place (tie) Citrus Bowl
10 Florida SEC Eastern Division champions Citrus Bowl
11 Penn State Big Ten fourth place (tie) Alamo Bowl
12 Marshall MAC Champions Motor City Bowl
13 Minnesota Big Ten fourth place (tie) Sun Bowl
14 Texas A&M Big 12 South Division second place (tie) Alamo Bowl
15 Texas Big 12 South Division Champions Cotton Bowl

Final polls

[edit]
Rank Associated Press Coaches' Poll
1 Florida State (70) Florida State (59)
2 Virginia Tech Nebraska
3 Nebraska Virginia Tech
4 Wisconsin Wisconsin
5 Michigan Michigan
6 Kansas State Kansas State
7 Michigan State Michigan State
8 Alabama Alabama
9 Tennessee Tennessee
10 Marshall Marshall
11 Penn State Penn State
12 Florida Mississippi State
13 Mississippi State Southern Miss
14 Southern Miss Florida
15 Miami (FL) Miami (FL)
16 Georgia Georgia
17 Arkansas Minnesota
18 Minnesota Oregon
19 Oregon Arkansas
20 Georgia Tech Texas A&M
21 Texas Georgia Tech
22 Ole Miss Ole Miss
23 Texas A&M Texas
24 Illinois Stanford
25 Purdue Illinois

Bowl games

[edit]
Rankings from final regular season AP poll

BCS bowls

[edit]

Other New Years Day bowls

[edit]

December bowl games

[edit]

Heisman Trophy voting

[edit]

The Heisman Trophy is given to the year's most outstanding player

Player School Position 1st 2nd 3rd Total
Ron Dayne Wisconsin RB 586 121 42 2,042
Joe Hamilton Georgia Tech QB 96 285 136 994
Michael Vick Virginia Tech QB 25 72 100 319
Drew Brees Purdue QB 3 89 121 308
Chad Pennington Marshall QB 21 45 94 247
Peter Warrick Florida State WR 14 50 61 203
Shaun Alexander Alabama RB 11 43 52 171
Thomas Jones Virginia RB 10 32 46 140
LaVar Arrington Penn State LB 3 14 17 54
Tim Rattay Louisiana Tech QB 1 5 16 29

Other major awards

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "NCAA Rules Changes 1999".[permanent dead link]