Chrysler Pacifica (minivan)
Chrysler Pacifica | |
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Overview | |
Manufacturer | Chrysler (Stellantis North America[a]) |
Production | 2016–present |
Model years | 2017–present |
Assembly | Canada: Windsor, Ontario (Windsor Assembly) |
Designer | |
Body and chassis | |
Class | Minivan |
Body style | 5-door minivan |
Layout | |
Platform | Compact Wide |
Related | |
Powertrain | |
Engine | 3.6 L Pentastar V6 (gasoline) |
Electric motor | 2x electric motors (SiEVT main motor & motor generator; PHEV) |
Transmission | 9-speed 948TE automatic e-CVT[6] |
Hybrid drivetrain | PHEV (Pacifica Hybrid) |
Battery | 16 kWh lithium-ion |
Electric range | 33 mi (53 km) (EPA) |
Dimensions | |
Wheelbase | 121.6 in (3,089 mm) |
Length | 203.6 in (5,171 mm) |
Width | 79.6 in (2,022 mm) |
Height | 69.9–70.7 in (1,775–1,796 mm) |
Curb weight |
|
Chronology | |
Predecessor | Chrysler Town & Country/Dodge Caravan (RT) |
The Chrysler Pacifica is a minivan produced by the Chrysler division of Stellantis. It is unrelated to the discontinued crossover and concept vehicles by the same name and replaced the Chrysler Town & Country for the 2017 model year. It is positioned as the higher-end Chrysler minivan, above the Dodge Grand Caravan until 2020 and above the Chrysler Voyager (rebadged as the Chrysler Grand Caravan in Canada) since 2020.[7]
The minivan is produced with two powertrains, a 3.6 L gasoline-powered engine and a plug-in hybrid. The plug-in hybrid version has a 16-kWh lithium-ion battery that can propel the car up to 33 mi (53 km) on electric power alone. The gasoline-only version of the Pacifica minivan went on sale in mid-2016, while the plug-in hybrid version became available in early 2017.
History
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/2019_Chrysler_Pacifica_Touring_L_3.6L_rear.jpg/220px-2019_Chrysler_Pacifica_Touring_L_3.6L_rear.jpg)
Development
[edit]In June 2013, it was reported that Chrysler was preparing to produce a new generation of its Town & Country minivan at the Windsor Assembly Plant, with production set to begin in 2015 and a release for the 2017 model year. An industry analyst reported that the new version would possibly be a crossover utility vehicle in the vein of the Pacifica.[8]
In 2015, FCA CEO Sergio Marchionne announced that it would invest $2 billion in developing a new minivan, and overhauling the Windsor Assembly Plant to facilitate its production.[9] A company issued plan of future vehicles revealed that a new Town & Country would begin production in February 2016 for the 2017 model year, and that the final-generation Dodge Grand Caravan would be maintained in parallel with the new Town & Country as a lower-cost option during the 2017 model year, after which it will be discontinued. Marchionne has been against "duplicate[d] investments" in product development—a strategy reflected by his reduction of badge-engineering between FCA US's domestic marques.[10][11][12]
On November 3, 2015, FCA filed to have its trademark registration on the Pacifica brand renewed; FCA's Head of Passenger Car Brands Timothy Kuniskis denied that this was related to any new products and that it was standard industry practice to continue renewing its trademarks because "you don't want to lose names. Establishing new names is expensive."[12]
Model years
[edit]Chrysler debuted the new vehicle on January 11, 2016, at the 2016 North American International Auto Show. Rather than being named the Town & Country, the new vehicle was branded as the Pacifica. The decision to drop the Town & Country brand was made primarily to distinguish the new vehicle from previous iterations; Director of Chrysler brand product marketing Bruce Velisek explained that the Pacifica was meant to "change the entire paradigm of what people know about minivans in the segment". Among its differences from the previous Town & Country is a new platform, and a design carrying a sportier appearance inspired by crossovers—a market segment that had cannibalized minivan sales—to disassociate the vehicle from other minivans with a boxier build.[13][14] Chrysler also changed the minivan's sliding doors: they will be aluminum and hands-free, opening automatically when the fob holder waves under them.[15]
The starting price of the 2017 Pacifica was US$28,595.[16] This was US$1,400 less than the starting price of the 2016 Town & Country. The base model plug-in hybrid, called "Premium", started at US$41,995 and the high-end "Platinum" model started at US$44,995.
Plug-in hybrid
[edit]The production of a plug-in hybrid version was the first of its class in the United States, and according to chief engineer Kevin Mets, meant to create an electric vehicle that could feasibly be a family's "primary vehicle".[17] The Pacifica Hybrid has a 16 kWh battery pack qualifying it in the US for the full US$7,500 federal tax credit and also to other incentives at the state and local level.[18] In June 2017, Chrysler recalled 1,600 Pacificas to fix the electronics.[19]
Autonomous version
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Waymo-Pacifica.jpg/220px-Waymo-Pacifica.jpg)
On November 7, 2017, Waymo announced that it had begun testing driverless cars without a safety driver at the driver position using the Pacifica plug-in.[20]
AWD version
[edit]The AWD option was made available in June 2020 for 2020 Touring-L models equipped with the AWD Launch Edition package.[21] The Pacifica is the only minivan in the North American market to feature a traditional AWD system as the fourth-generation Toyota Sienna has switched to the E-four system with the rear wheels driven electrically.[22]
Chrysler Voyager
[edit]Starting with the 2020 model year, the low-end "L" and "LX" models have been separated from the Pacifica nameplate and are now sold under the Voyager nameplate in the United States. This marked the return of the Voyager nameplate to the Chrysler model lineup, in which it was last used in 2016, and the North American market, in which it was last used in 2003 in the U.S. and 2007 in Mexico. In addition to the L and LX trim levels, an "LXi" model is available to fleet customers.[7]
In the 2021 model year, Canadian sales of the model started under the Chrysler Grand Caravan nameplate with trim level designations carried over from the outgoing Dodge Grand Caravan (as opposed to the former base Pacifica) and no equivalent to the LXi model.[23] This marked the return of the "Chrysler Grand Caravan" nameplate which was last used in 2007, primarily in South American markets.
The Voyager was restricted in the United States to fleet buyers for the 2022 model year.[24] It continues the pre-facelift design and includes a long list of features and equipment with only two options: (1) the "SafetyTec Group" (Advanced Brake Assist, Pedestrian Emergency Braking, Full-Speed Forward Collision Warning Plus, Uconnect 5 NAV with 10.1-inch Display, ParkSense Rear Park Assist System with Stop, and Blind Spot Monitoring with Rear Cross-Path Detection System) and (2) the "Fleet Security Group" (Two additional key fobs and SiriusXM Guardian trial).[24]
2021 facelift
[edit]A restyled 2021 Chrysler Pacifica was introduced at the 2020 Chicago Auto Show in Chicago, Illinois.[25] The 2021 model year Pacifica featured new exterior styling and is now available with all-wheel-drive (AWD) for gasoline-powered models. The Pacifica Hybrid versions use front-wheel-drive.
Unlike previous AWD Chrysler minivans, the AWD Pacifica retains the Stow 'n' Go seating. It is the first Fiat Chrysler Automobiles vehicle to feature the new Android-based Uconnect 5 infotainment system with a standard 10.1-inch high-resolution touchscreen display and wireless Apple CarPlay and Android Auto smartphone integration, as well as Amazon Alexa capabilities, as well as SiriusXM Satellite Radio and high-speed data connectivity. USB-C high-speed data and charging ports are standard equipment, and TomTom-based GPS navigation is optional. The "FamCam" rear camera system can display an image of rear passengers in place of a conversation mirror.
A new Pinnacle trim level adds "Pinnacle" badging on the front doors, unique leather seat trim, quilted leather pillows for the second-row seats, and unique exterior styling cues.[26]
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2021 Chrysler Pacifica Touring-L
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2021 Chrysler Pacifica Touring-L
Production
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Pacifica_Hybrid.jpg/220px-Pacifica_Hybrid.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/2021_Chrysler_Pacifica_S_Hybrid_3of4.jpg/220px-2021_Chrysler_Pacifica_S_Hybrid_3of4.jpg)
Production of the vehicle uses an all-new platform at the Windsor Plant in Windsor, Ontario, Canada.[27]
Powertrains
[edit]The Pacifica uses a new revision of the 3.6 L Pentastar V6 engine, and is produced with two powertrains: gasoline-only and plug-in hybrid, the latter marketed as Pacifica Hybrid.
The plug-in hybrid version uses a 16-kWh lithium-ion battery, located under the floor under the second row of seats, with an all-electric range of 33 mi (53 km)[28] before switching to the gasoline engine. The battery can be fully recharged in two hours using a 240-volt plug-in system. The hybrid is not available with all-wheel drive, eight-passenger seating, Stow'n'Go seating, or vacuum.[29]
The gasoline-only version of the Pacifica minivan went on sale in mid-2016; the plug-in hybrid version, in 2017. Chrysler expected the plug-in hybrid model to achieve a fuel economy of at least 80 miles per gallon equivalent,[9][17][30] and on December 1, 2016, the EPA announced the minivan achieved 84 miles per gallon gasoline equivalent.[28]
Fuel economy
[edit]The Pacifica Hybrid operating in hybrid mode had the highest fuel economy of any minivan available in the American market until the introduction of the 2021 standard-hybrid fourth-generation Toyota Sienna.[31][32][33]
The following table presents the U.S. EPA fuel economy ratings for all powertrain variants of the Chrysler Pacifica.
Fuel economy as rated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency[34] (Fuel economy as displayed in the Monroney label) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vehicle | Model year |
Operating mode (AER) |
EPA fuel economy ratings | Notes | ||||
Combined | City | Highway | ||||||
Chrysler Pacifica AWD | 2020 | Gasoline only |
20 mpg | 17 mpg | 25 mpg | |||
Chrysler Pacifica FWD | 2017 | Gasoline only |
22 mpg | 18 mpg | 28 mpg | |||
Chrysler Pacifica Hybrid | 2017 | Electricity only (33 mi) |
84 mpg-e(1) (40 kWh/100 mi) |
– | – | During the first 33 mi uses some gasoline. The actual all-electric range is between 0 and 33 mi.[34] | ||
Gasoline only | 32 mpg | |||||||
Notes: (1) Conversion 1 gallon of gasoline=33.7 kW-hr. |
Safety
[edit]NHTSA
[edit]Overall: | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Frontal Driver: | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Frontal Passenger: | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Side Driver: | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Side Passenger: | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Side Pole Driver: | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Rollover: | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
IIHS
[edit]2017
[edit]The 2017 Pacifica was tested by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS), and its top trim received a Top Safety Pick+ award:
Small overlap front (driver): | Good* | ||||
Small overlap front (passenger): | Acceptable* | ||||
Moderate overlap front | Good | ||||
Side (original test) | Good | ||||
Roof strength (2017–present models) | Good | ||||
Head restraints & seats | Good | ||||
Headlights |
|
varies by trim/option | |||
Front crash prevention (Vehicle-to-Vehicle) | Superior | optional | |||
Child seat anchors (LATCH) ease of use |
|
- * rating applies to models built after August 2016
2022
[edit]The 2022 Pacifica was tested by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS), and it received a Top Safety Pick+ award:
Small overlap front (driver): | Good |
Small overlap front (passenger): | Good |
Moderate overlap front | Good |
Side (original test) | Good |
Roof strength | Good |
Head restraints & seats | Good |
Headlights | Acceptable |
Front crash prevention (Vehicle-to-Vehicle) | Superior |
Front crash prevention (Vehicle-to-Pedestrian, day) | Advanced |
Child seat anchors (LATCH) ease of use | Acceptable |
2023
[edit]The 2023 Pacifica was tested In the IIHS' updated Moderate Overlap test, which now emphasizes rear occupant safety, and received a Marginal rating.
Awards
[edit]As of December 2020, the Pacifica has earned 140 honors and industry accolades.[38] Among them:
- "Best Minivan of 2016" by Cars.com [39]
- 2017 "Best New Large Utility Vehicle" by the Automobile Journalists Association of Canada (AJAC)[40]
- "2017 North American Utility of the Year" by a panel of automotive experts [41]
- 2017 Family Vehicle of the Year by the Midwest Automotive Media Association [42]
- "2017 Drivers’ Choice Award for Best Minivan" from MotorWeek [43]
- "2017 Crossover-SUV of the Year" by the Rocky Mountain Automotive Press [44]
- "Top Minivan of 2017" by New York Daily News Autos Team [45]
- Best Minivan by Popular Mechanics as part of its 2017 Automotive Excellence Awards [46]
- 2020 Pacifica Hybrid: Top Consumer Rated Van/Minivans of 2020 by Kelly Blue Book [47]
- 2020 Best Family Car by Parents magazine as the "Best Eco Pick" [48]
- 2021 Consumer Guide Best Buy award (for the fifth year in a row) [49]
- 2021 Pacifica won the 2020 CarBuzz Family Fun award [38]
- 2021 shortlisted for the 2021 Car of the Year by Motor Trend [50]
- 2021 Good Housekeeping Best New Family Car: The Pacifica won this award in April
- 2022 Parents Best Family Car: The Pacifica has been named a Best Family Car by Parents for three consecutive years
- 2022 Chrysler Pacifica Hybrid has won the TAWA Auto Roundup's Best Minivan category.
- 2024 U.S. News & World Report Best Cars for Families awarded the Pacifica as the top minivan for families due to its roomy interior, numerous safety features, and special Stow 'n Go seating.
Marketing
[edit]In April 2016, Chrysler launched a television advertising campaign for the Pacifica entitled "Dad Brand", featuring comedian Jim Gaffigan and his children.[51] In October 2016, Chrysler launched a social media-oriented campaign known as "PacifiKids", featuring videos in which unsuspecting families shopped for the vehicle at a dealership staffed entirely by children.[52] The Pacifica has also been used in cross-promotional campaigns for the films The Secret Life of Pets and Incredibles 2.[53][54]
Total sales
[edit]US sales include both the Pacifica and Voyager. Canada sales include both the Pacifica and Chrysler Grand Caravan.
Calendar year | United States | Canada | Mexico | Europe[55] |
---|---|---|---|---|
2016 | 62,366[56] | 2,560[57] | 208[58] | 5 |
2017 | 118,274[59] | 6,185 | 634[58] | 57 |
2018 | 118,322[60] | 5,999[61] | 505 | 129 |
2019 | 97,705[62] | 3,731[63] | 465[64] | 117 |
2020 | 93,802[65] | 2,760[66] | 261[67] | 94 |
2021 | 98,323[68] | 7,226[69] | 266[70] | 103 |
2022 | 98,624[68] | 11,385[69] | 284[71] | |
2023 | 120,554 | 9,007 | ||
Subtotal sales | 807,970 | 48,853 | 2,623 | 505 |
Total sales | 859,951 |
Notes
[edit]- ^ FCA US LLC (2016–2021)
References
[edit]- ^ Payne, Henry (March 31, 2016). "Chrysler Pacifica designer makes minivans cool again". The Detroit News. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
- ^ "2017 Chrysler Pacifica Design with Winnie Cheung and Brand Faurote". MSN. January 12, 2016. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
- ^ Miller, Robert S. (September 10, 2020). "The 2021 Chrysler Voyager Returns To Fill In For The Grand Caravan". moparinsiders.com. Retrieved May 11, 2023.
- ^ "2022 Chrysler Voyager – Stellantis Fleet & Business Solutions". stellantisfleet.com. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
- ^ Miller, Robert S. (July 17, 2020). "The Grand Caravan Lives On In Canada, As A Chrysler". moparinsiders.com. Retrieved May 11, 2023.
- ^ "2017 Chrysler Pacifica: New Look, New Name, New Hybrid Powertrain". Automobile Magazine. Retrieved January 11, 2016.
If buyers do plug in and regularly top-up the battery pack, that number is expected to be 80 mpg, with about 30 miles of all-electric driving possible. Instead of the nine-speed automatic, an electrically controlled continuously variable transmission of Chrysler's own design will divvy up power to the front wheels.
- ^ a b "The 2020 Chrysler Voyager Is a Budget Version of the Pacifica Minivan". Car and Driver. Retrieved June 27, 2019.
- ^ "Next minivan to launch in 2015 as Chrysler Town and Country: Report". Windsor Star. 2013. Archived from the original on March 30, 2014. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
- ^ a b "2017 Chrysler Pacifica is a 'monumental leap' forward". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved January 11, 2016.
- ^ "Marchionne on consolidation: 'Something needs to give'". The Detroit News. Retrieved January 11, 2016.
- ^ Vellequette, Larry P. (June 22, 2015). "Dodge plans to produce '17 minivan". Automotive News. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
- ^ a b Priddle, Alisa (December 5, 2015). "2017 Chrysler minivan coming; Dodge not leaving yet". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved December 16, 2015.
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- ^ "2017 Chrysler Pacifica isn't your parents' Town & Country [w/video]". Autoblog. Retrieved January 11, 2016.
- ^ "Chrysler unveils all-new minivan at Detroit auto show". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved April 9, 2016.
- ^ "All-new 2017 Chrysler Pacifica Delivers Unprecedented Functionality, Versatility and Technology Starting at $28,595 MSRP" (Press release). Retrieved March 14, 2016.
- ^ a b "Why Chrysler made the Pacifica Hybrid". Autoblog. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
- ^ Szostech, Michael. "Chrysler Pacific Hybrid pricing announced, starting at $41,995 US". My Electric Car Forums. Retrieved November 29, 2016.
- ^ "Woes mounting for recalled 2017 Chrysler Pacifica Hybrid minivan". The Washington Post. June 2, 2017. Retrieved July 2, 2017.
- ^ "Waymo is first to put fully self-driving cars on US roads without a safety driver". The Verge. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
- ^ Hoffman, Connor (June 5, 2020). "2020 Chrysler Pacifica Now Available with AWD". Car and Driver. Retrieved June 7, 2020.
- ^ Fink, Greg (May 1, 2020). "2021 Toyota Sienna: Hybrid Power to the People Mover". Motor Trend. Retrieved May 18, 2020.
- ^ "FCA US Media – Family Famous: 2021 Chrysler Grand Caravan Available Exclusively for Canada". media.fcanorthamerica.com (Press release). Retrieved July 16, 2020.
- ^ a b "2022 Chrysler Voyager" (PDF). stellantisfleet.com. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
- ^ Alaniz, Anthony (September 4, 2020). "2021 Chrysler Pacifica Debuts Facelift, Pinnacle Trim, And AWD Option". Motor1.com. Retrieved June 16, 2022.
- ^ "2021 Chrysler Pacifica AWD | Chrysler Minivan". chrysler.com.
- ^ "As Chrysler redoes the minivan, a look back". bsccomment.com. Archived from the original on March 12, 2016. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
- ^ a b Szostech, Michael. "Chrysler Pacifica Hybrid Specifications". My Electric Car Forums. Retrieved December 1, 2016.
- ^ "Stellantis Media – Press Kit: 2017 Chrysler Pacifica Hybrid: FCA US Launches All-New 2017 Chrysler Pacifica Hybrid". media.stellantisnorthamerica.com (Press release). Retrieved May 11, 2021.
- ^ Valdes-Dapena, Peter (January 11, 2016). "Chrysler's new minivan of the future". CNNMoney. Retrieved January 11, 2016.
- ^ Cobb, Jeff (December 5, 2016). "2017 Chrysler Pacifica Hybrid Is By Far America's Most Fuel-Efficient Minivan". hybridcars.com. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
- ^ Turkus, Brandon (March 19, 2021). "2021 Chrysler Pacifica Hybrid Vs 2021 Toyota Sienna Hybrid Comparison: Family Style". motor1.com. Retrieved May 11, 2023.
- ^ "2021 Chrysler Pacifica Hybrid vs. 2021 Toyota Sienna: Minivan Madness". Motor Trend. November 19, 2020. Retrieved May 11, 2023.
- ^ a b "Compare Side-by-Side – 2017 Chrysler Pacifica, 2017 Chrysler Pacifica Hybrid and 2020 Chrysler Pacifica AWD". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
- ^ "2017 Chrysler Pacifica VAN FWD". Safercar.gov. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
- ^ "2017 Chrysler Pacifica Top Safety Pick+". Iihs.org. Retrieved September 20, 2016.
- ^ "2022 Chrysler Pacifica Minivan". IIHS-HLDI.
- ^ a b "Chrysler Pacifica Claims CarBuzz 2020 Family Fun Award". Finance Yahoo. December 21, 2020. Retrieved January 17, 2021.
- ^ "All-new Chrysler Pacifica Named "Best Minivan of 2016" in Cars.com "Ultimate Minivan Challenge"". media.stellantisnorthamerica.com (Press release). October 31, 2016. Retrieved May 11, 2023.
- ^ "2017 Chrysler Pacifica Named "Best New Large Utility Vehicle" by Automobile Journalists Association of Canada". media.stellantisnorthamerica.com (Press release). December 6, 2016. Retrieved May 11, 2023.
- ^ "All-new 2017 Chrysler Pacifica Named North American Utility Vehicle of the Year". FCA US Media Website. Retrieved January 9, 2017.
- ^ "2017 Chrysler Pacifica Named Family Vehicle of the Year by MAMA". FCA US Media Website. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
- ^ "All-new 2017 Chrysler Pacifica Wins Drivers' Choice Award for Best Minivan from MotorWeek". FCA US Media Website. Retrieved February 10, 2017.
- ^ "All-new 2017 Chrysler Pacifica Named Crossover-SUV of the Year by the Rocky Mountain Automotive Press". FCA US Media Website. Retrieved April 5, 2017.
- ^ "All-new 2017 Chrysler Pacifica Named Top Minivan of 2017 by New York Daily News Autos Team". FCA US Media Website. Retrieved April 6, 2017.
- ^ "All-new 2017 Chrysler Pacifica Named Best Minivan in Popular Mechanics' Automotive Excellence Awards". FCA US Media Website. Retrieved April 13, 2017.
- ^ "Top Consumer Rated Van/Minivans of 2020". Kelly Blue Book (KBB). Retrieved January 17, 2021.
- ^ Pizarro, H. J. (April 9, 2020). "2020 Chrysler Pacifica Wins Award". MotorBiscuit. Retrieved January 17, 2021.
- ^ Owens, DeAnn (December 7, 2020). "2021 Chrysler Pacifica and Ram 1500 Earn Best Buy Awards". The News Wheel. Retrieved January 17, 2021.
- ^ Day, Dwayne (December 22, 2020). "The 2021 Chrysler Pacifica Seems Out of Place on This List". MotorBiscuit. Retrieved January 17, 2021.
- ^ "Comedian Jim Gaffigan stars in Chrysler Pacifica ads". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved October 11, 2016.
- ^ "Chrysler turns to kids to sell Pacifica minivan". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved October 11, 2016.
- ^ Steinberg, Brian (May 1, 2018). "Disney Goes to the Movies to Buoy Upfront Ad Sales". Variety. Retrieved June 1, 2018.
- ^ "'Incredibles 2' Marketing Tie-Ins Are Just Incredible, Too". Mediapost Publications. Retrieved June 1, 2018.
- ^ "Dodge Durango Sales Figures". goodcarbadcar.net. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
- ^ "FCA US Reports 2016 December and Full-year U.S. Sales" (Press release). FCA North America. January 4, 2017. Retrieved January 4, 2017.
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- ^ a b "About Us | Stellantis". stellantis.com.
- ^ "FCA US Reports 2017 December and Full-year U.S. Sales" (Press release). FCA North America. January 3, 2018. Retrieved January 3, 2018.
- ^ "FCA US Reports 2018 December and Full-Year Sales". media.fcanorthamerica.com.
- ^ "FCA Canada Reports December and Full Year Sales Record for Jeep Wrangler". media.fcanorthamerica.com.
- ^ "FCA US Reports Fourth-quarter and Full-year 2019 sales" (Press release). FCA North America. January 3, 2020. Retrieved January 3, 2020.
- ^ "FCA US Media – FCA Canada Reports Fourth-quarter and Full-year Sales". media.fcanorthamerica.com.
- ^ "Datos Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía". inegi.org.mx.
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External links
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