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Double mini trampoline

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Double mini trampoline
9 Time World Double Mini Trampoline Champion Mikhail Zalomin, at the 2018 World Championships
Highest governing bodyInternational Gymnastics Federation
Characteristics
Team membersIndividuals or Teams of 3 or 4
Mixed-sexNo
TypeGymnastic sport
Presence
Country or regionWorldwide
OlympicNo
World Games2001 – 2022

Double mini trampoline, sometimes referred to as double mini or DMT, is a gymnastics discipline within trampolining. Participants perform acrobatic skills on an apparatus smaller than a regular competition trampoline. The apparatus has both an angled section and a flat section.[1] Unlike individual trampoline, where scoring is predominantly determined by Execution, Time of Flight and Difficulty, the Difficulty in DMT plays a more prominent role in the final score.

A DMT routine or pass consist of two phases. The first phase is called a "mount"; during this phase the athlete jumps onto the angled part and flips off of it onto the flat part. The first phase can also be performed by jumping, without flips or twist, onto the flat part and then commencing the first flip or twist. In this case the first phase is called a "spotter". The second phase starts on the flat part and is called a "dismount"; the athlete lands the first flipping sequences from phase one and immediately launches into a second series of flips and twists before landing on a mat.[1]

The athletes are judged on Difficulty and Execution.[2] There are both Individual and Team competitions in the sport.[1]

DMT is governed by the FIG, the International Federation of Gymnastics, and is included as an event within Trampoline Gymnastics. Although not an Olympic event yet, Elite DMT athletes compete at International level and can compete in various events organised by the FIG as well as at the World Games.

History

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DMT can be sourced back to 1970 when its inventors Robert F Bollinger and George Nissen combined two Mini trampolines with a small table and mat to cover in between. Later Robert F Bollinger combined the two Mini trampolines to create one 430 cm long Double Mini Trampoline and also designed the rules for competition and terms such as the mounter and spotter passes and he established its own difficulty system roughly based on the system used for diving.[3][4][5] Robert F Bollinger was part of George Nissen's trampoline act and just as Nissen can be seen as the father of trampoline, Robert F Bollinger can be seen as the father of Double Mini Trampoline.[6]
The first record of a Double mini competition comes from the Trampoline Gymnastics World Age Group Competitions in 1973 held in London, England.[7] Athletes competing had little experience in the new apparatus and Robert F Bollinger jumped in and provided personal training on the Friday afternoon for the athletes wishing to compete the following day.[7] Double mini was first introduced into the Trampoline World Championships, only six years after its invention, in the 1976, 9th Trampoline World Championships in Tulsa.[3][8]

The DMT as we see it today is wider than the one Robert F Bollinger and George Nissen first created, and the change came mid 1990 when Horst Kunze, then President of the FIG Trampoline Technical Committee, asked Eurotramp Trampoline company if they could produce a DMT with a wider frame. This resulted in a wider DMT with a bed of 92 cm, which Horst Kunze states gave a real boost to the discipline. Since then this has been the international standard.[5]

Skills

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Some common skills performed at international level competitions are:[9] A Comprehensive list of skills can be found in FIG Code of Point Difficulty.

Full-In Full-Out

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Also known as Double-Twisting Double Back

A somersault commonly used as a dismount in which the athlete takes off traveling backwards and does a double somersault with a double twist, full twist in the first somersault and full twist in the second somersault. This skill can be performed either tucked, piked or straight.[2]

Triple Back Somersault

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A somersault commonly used as a dismount in which the athlete takes off traveling backwards and does a triple somersault. This skill can be performed either tucked, piked or, uncommonly, straight.[2]

Miller

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Also known as Full in Double-Full Out or Triple-Twisting Double back

A somersault used as a dismount in which the athlete takes off traveling backwards and does a double somersault with a triple twist. This skill is named after world champion Wayne Miller (USA).[1] This skill can be performed ether tucked, piked or straight.[2]

Full-In Half-Out

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Also known as Full-Half, Full-In Barani-Out or Full-Barani

A somersault commonly used as a mount in which the athlete takes off traveling forwards and does a double somersault with a one and a half twist, full twist in the first somersault and half twist in the second somersault. This skill can be performed ether tucked, piked or straight.[2]

Fliffis

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Also known as Half-Out

A somersault commonly used as a mount in which the athlete takes off traveling forwards and does a double somersault with a half twist, no twist in the first somersault and half twist in the second somersault. This skill can be performed ether tucked, piked or straight.[2]

Triffis

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Also known as Half-out Triffis or 'Triff'

A somersault commonly used as a mount in which the athlete takes off traveling forwards and does a triple somersault with a half twist, no twist in the first two somersaults and a half twist in the third somersault. This skill can be performed either tucked or piked.[2]

FIG Code of Point Difficulty

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The difficulty in double mini is based upon a bonus system, where the number of rotation and twists are multiplied and then the position is added.[10] The positions are tuck, pike and straight which are represented by "O" for Tuck, "<" for Pike and "/" for Straight[2]

The FIG numeric system works as follows, first number is the amount of 1/4-rotations second number is the amount of 1/2-twist, the twists are divided into where in the skill they occur.

Example: Full-In Half-Out (8 2 1) has a total of 8 1/4-rotations corresponding to the first 8 then it has 2 1/2-twists in the first somersault corresponding to the 2 and 1 1/2-twists the second somersault corresponding to the 1[2]

FIG World Championship results

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Men's Individual

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Year Location Gold Silver Bronze
1976 Tulsa  Ron Merriott (USA) 26.300  Rob Bollinger (USA) 26.000  Derick Lotz (RSA) 25.200
1978 Newcastle  Stuart Ransom (USA) 25.900  Brett Austine (AUS) 25.900  Don Zasadny (USA) 24.700
1980 Brig  Derick Lotz (RSA) 25.200  Manfred Schwedler (FRG) 23.600  Brett Austine & Stephen Evetts (AUS) 23.300
1982 Bozeman  Brett Austine (AUS) 26.800  Derick Lotz (RSA) 26.100  Manfred Schwedler (FRG) 25.800
1984 Osaka  Brett Austine (AUS) 26.200  John Merritt (AUS) 25.300  Steve Elliott (USA) 25.000
1986 Paris  Brett Austine (AUS) 26.400  Terry Butler (USA) 25.900  Chad Fox (USA) 25.700
1988 Birmingham  Adrian Wareham (AUS) 27.500  Terry Butler (USA) 27.000  Brett Austine (AUS) 26.600
1990 Essen  Adrian Wareham (AUS) 28.900  Jorge Moreira (POR) 28.000  Steffen Eislöffel (FRG) 27.600
1992[11] Auckland  Jorge Pereira (POR) 28.670  Steffen Eislöffel (FRG) 28.530  Jeremy Brock (CAN) 28.400
1994 Porto  Jorge Pereira (POR) 12.130  Adrian Wareham (AUS) 11.900  Luis Nunes (POR) 11.800
1996 Vancouver  Chris Mitruk (CAN) 23.800  Ji Wallace (AUS) 23.800  Radostin Rachev (BUL) 23.440
1998 Sydney  Rodolfo Rangel (BRA) 24.800  Joao Marques (POR) 24.130  Chris Mitruk (CAN) 23.200
1999 Sun City  Chris Mitruk (CAN) 25.000  Jörg Gehrke (GER) 24.530  Rodolfo Rangel (BRA) 24.330
2001 Odense  Nuno Lico (POR) 63.900  Amadeu Neves (POR) 63.700  Rodolfo Rangel (BRA) 63.600
2003 Hannover  Alexey Ilichev (RUS) 64.500  Adam Menzies (CAN) 64.400  Nico Gärtner (GER) 63.900
2005 Eindhoven  Radostin Rachev (BUL) 75.100  Keith Douglas (USA) 73.400  Nico Gärtner (GER) 73.100
2007 Quebec City  Kirill Ivanov (RUS) 78.000  Denis Vachon (CAN) 73.600  Kalon Ludvigson (USA) 71.600
2009 St Petersburg  André Lico (POR) 75.500  Tim Lunding (SWE) 69.600  André Fernandes (POR) 69.300
2010 Metz  André Lico (POR) 73.400  Austin White (USA) 73.000  Evgeny Chernoivanov (RUS) 72.700
2011 Birmingham  Bruno Martini (BRA) 70.200  Austin White (USA) 69.700  Evgeny Chernoivanov (RUS) 68.700
2013 Sofia  Mikhail Zalomin (RUS) 77.800  Alexander Renkert (USA) 73.200  Bruno Nobre (POR) 69.200
2014 Daytona Beach  Mikhail Zalomin (RUS) 78.100  Austin White (USA) 77.500  Austin Nacey (USA) 74.500
2015 Odense  Austin White (USA) 79.600  Mikhail Zalomin (RUS) 78.400  Matthew Weal (USA) 74.800
2017 Sofia  Mikhail Zalomin (RUS) 78.800  Austin Nacey (USA) 78.300  Aleksandr Odinsov (RUS) 76.900
2018 St Petersburg  Mikhail Zalomin (RUS) 78.200  Ruben Padilla (USA) 73.500  Lucas Adorno (ARG) 72.400
2019 Tokyo  Mikhail Zalomin (RUS) 77.100  Ruben Padilla (USA) 76.100  Alexander Renkert (USA) 74.100
2021 Baku  Vasilii Makarskii (RUS) 77.400  Diogo Cabral (POR) 75.100  Ruben Padilla (USA) 74.900
2022 Sofia  Ruben Padilla (USA) 30.200  Gavin Dodd (CAN) 29.200  Tomas Minc (USA) 29.100
2023 Birmingham  Ruben Padilla (USA) 30.600  David Franco (ESP) 29.300  Tiago Sampaio Romao (POR) 23.600

Result are correct according to FIG's database as well as official records from the competition[8]

Women's Individual

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Year Location Gold Silver Bronze
1976 Tulsa  Leigh Hennessey (USA) 24.800  Denise Seal (USA) 24.100  Nancy Boham (USA) 20.300
1978 Newcastle  Leigh Hennessey (USA) 22.900  Norma Lehto (CAN) 21.800  Bethany Fairchild (USA) 21.400
1980 Brig  Bethany Fairchild (USA) 22.100  Norma Lehto (CAN) 22.000  Charlene Geyser (RSA) 20.700
1982 Bozeman  Christine Tough (CAN) 24.300  Gabriele Dreier (FRG) 24.100  Bethany Fairchild (USA) 23.700
1984 Osaka  Gabriele Dreier (FRG) 23.500  Cherie Mathers (AUS) 23.300  Vicki Bullock (CAN) &  Lesley Stephens (AUS) 22.600
1986 Paris  Bettina Lehmann (FRG) 24.000  Marie-Andrée Richard (CAN) 23.400  Gabriele Dreier (FRG) 23.000
1988 Birmingham  Elisabeth Jensen (AUS) 24.100  Lisa Newman-Morris (AUS) 23.600  Gabriele Dreier (FRG) 22.800
1990 Essen  Lisa Newman-Morris (AUS) 24.600  Kylie Walker (NZL) 24.500  Elisabeth Jensen (AUS) 24.500
1992[11] Auckland  Kylie Walker (NZL) 26.270  Donna White (AUS) 25.100  Robyn Forbes (AUS) 24.200
1994 Porto  Kylie Walker (NZL) 11.100  Jaime Strandmark (USA) 11.030  Kimberley Sans (USA) 10.800
1996 Vancouver  Jennifer Sans (USA) 21.730  Lisa Colussi (CAN) 21.480  Maria Oliveira (POR) 20.690
1998 Sydney  Kylie Walker (NZL) 21.860  Jennifer Parilla (USA) 21.400  Teodora Sinilkova (BUL) 21.270
1999 Sun City  Lisa Colussi-Mitruk (CAN) 22.400  Marina Mourinova (RUS) 21.470  Erin Maguire (USA) 21.270
2001 Odense  Marina Mourinova (RUS) 62.200  Monica Fernandez (POR) 61.800  Katarina Prokesova (SVK) 61.100
2003 Hannover  Sarah Charles (CAN) 62.200  Antonia Ivanova (BUL) 61.800  Shelly Klochan (USA) 61.600
2005 Eindhoven  Silvia Saiote (POR) 65.700  Anna Ivanova (RUS) 65.000  Ana Simoes (POR) 64.700
2007 Quebec City  Sarah Charles (CAN) 70.900  Julie Warnock (CAN) 69.700  Kaci Barry (USA) 68.800
2009 St Petersburg  Victoria Voronina (RUS) 68.300  Galina Goncharenko (RUS) 68.000  Corissa Boychuck (CAN) 67.100
2010 Metz  Corissa Boychuck (CAN) 70.500  Bianca Budler** (RSA) 70.300  Svetlana Balandian (RUS) 70.200
2011 Birmingham  Svetlana Balandian (RUS) 70.200  Bianca Zoonekynd** (RSA) 69.700  Victoria Voronina (RUS) 68.700
2013 Sofia  Kristle Lowell (USA) 71.100  Svetlana Balandian (RUS) 70.000  Jasmin Short (GBR) 68.600
2014 Daytona Beach  Erin Jauch (USA) 71.400  Jasmin Short (GBR) 70.300  Polina Troianova (RUS) 66.000
2015 Odense  Erin Jauch (USA) 71.100  Jasmin Short (GBR) 69.800  Lina Sjöberg (SWE) 67.900
2017 Sofia  Bianca Zoonekynd** (RSA) 68.900  Polina Troianova (RUS) 67.800  Lina Sjöberg (SWE) 67.200
2018 St Petersburg  Lina Sjöberg (SWE) 72.100  Melania Rodriguez (ESP) 70.000  Kristle Lowell (USA) 67.700
2019 Tokyo  Lina Sjöberg (SWE) 69.000  Bronwyn Dibb (NZL) 68.800  Alekandra Bonartseva (RUS) 68.200
2021 Baku  Lina Sjöberg (SWE) 70.900  Shelby Nobuhara (USA) 70.000  Melania Rodriguez (ESP) 69.600
2022 Sofia  Bronwyn Dibb (NZL) 24.900  Tristan van Natta (USA) 24.800  Cheyanna Robinson (AUS) 24.000
2023 Birmingham  Melania Rodriguez (ESP) 26.300  Aliah Raga (USA) 26.200  Grace Harder (USA) 26.100

**Bianca Budler and Bianca Zoonekynd is the same person

Result are correct according to FIG's database as well as official records from the competition[8]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d "FIG - Discipline". www.gymnastics.sport. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Trampoline Codes of points (COP). "APPENDIX to the CODES of POINTS (COP)" (PDF). Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique.
  3. ^ a b "History of trampoline and tumbling". usagym.org. USA Gymnastics. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  4. ^ "What is a double mini trampoline". flippingouttnt. Flipping out T&T. 12 November 2011. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  5. ^ a b "Ever higher: Innovations elevated three Trampoline disciplines to the next level". gymnastic.sport. FIG. Retrieved 16 February 2021.
  6. ^ "Biography: BOLLINGER, Robert F. (1929-2007)". Gymnastic hall of fame. Gymnastics Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on 20 November 2008. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  7. ^ a b Munn, Dagmar (10 September 2015). "1973 - 1st World Age Group Games, London". Archived from the original on 28 May 2017. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  8. ^ a b c "Trampoline Gymnastics Past Results". fig-gymnastic. Archived from the original on 30 August 2017. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  9. ^ FIG (9 July 2017). "All about Double Mini-trampoline - We are Gymnastics!". YouTube. Archived from the original on 30 December 2017.
  10. ^ "Double mini trampoline difficulty". doublemini.net. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
  11. ^ a b "992 OFFICIAL VIDEO WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP TRAMPOLINE AUCKLAND". YouTube. Museo del Trampolín. Retrieved 19 January 2021.