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2015 Manitoba municipal amalgamations

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The Municipal Amalgamations Act
Legislative Assembly of Manitoba
CitationC.C.S.M. c. M235
Enacted by2nd Session, 40th Legislature
Assented toSeptember 13, 2013
CommencedSeptember 13, 2013
Administered byMinister of Local Government
Legislative history
Bill titleBill 33
Related legislation
The Planning Act
Status: Current legislation

The 2015 municipal amalgamations in Manitoba was the result of new legislation (Municipal Amalgamations Act) in the province that required a minimum population threshold of 1,000 people in order to incorporate a municipality.[1][2]

To meet this new threshold, Manitoba's smaller municipalities—those with a population of less than 1,000—merged with one or more neighbouring municipalities by 2015.[1][3]

Background

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In 1997, the Government of Manitoba established a minimum population threshold of 1,000 in order to incorporate a municipality.[1]

Map showing locations of all of Manitoba's municipalities before the 2015 municipal amalgamations
Before amalgamations: 197 municipalities
Map showing locations of all of Manitoba's municipalities after the 2015 municipal amalgamations
After amalgamations: 137 municipalities

As of the 2011 census, 93 of the 197 municipalities in Manitoba had populations less than 1,000.[4] In 2012, the Manitoba government announced that municipalities would be required to amalgamate in order for them to meet the minimum population threshold and make them more sustainable communities moving forward.[1]

Soon after, The Municipal Amalgamations Act was enacted in 2013, requiring that municipalities with a population less than 1,000 amalgamate with one or more neighbouring municipalities by 2015.[2] The provincial government justified such by arguing that amalgamation would be more efficient and would increase capacity for economic development, thereby strengthening Manitoba's rural communities.[5]

Between 2013 and 2014, regulations under the Act would amalgamate 107 municipalities (65 rural municipalities, 25 towns, and 17 villages) into 47, effective 1 January 2015.[6] These amalgamations therefore reduced the total number of municipalities in the province from 197 to 137.[5] Despite having populations less than 1,000, two municipalities—the Rural Municipality of Victoria Beach and the Village of Dunnattor—were exempted from the requirement to amalgamate due to their uniqueness as resort municipalities.[7] The provincial government also allowed some new amalgamated municipalities to form with a combined population under 1,000.[8]

Criticism

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Bill 33 (the Amalgamations Act) received considerable pushback, primarily by the Association of Manitoba Municipalities (AMM).[9]

Among others, concerns regarding amalgamation included the deadline of 1 January 2015, which was seen as too short to complete the process; the arbitrary nature of the proposed population threshold; and questions over administrative and financial efficiency.[5][9]

In court, the AMM argued that the province ought to have allowed voluntary participation in amalgamation; however, the case was overturned.[5] Speaking before the Standing Committee on Social and Economic Development of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba in September 2013, the AMM president, Doug Dobrowolski, made the following argument:[9]: 457 

Our members have expressed many concerns since the Province of Manitoba announced its intentions to force amalgamations. Although some members support amalgamation and some do not, it is our position that the decision to amalgamate should rest…with the municipal government and its residents. The AMM is not opposed to amalgamation. What we are opposed to is forcing our members to choose a path that may not be right for their community.

Beyond the forced aspect of this bill, our members have numerous other concerns. First, the proposed timeline of January 1st, 2015, is unreasonable. We believe successful amalgamations occur at a pace that is comfortable for all parties, including the citizens of the affected municipalities. Forcing amalgamation is undemocratic and forcing them within a tight time period causes additional unnecessary stress on everyone involved. The bill does allow the minister to extend the timeline for amalgamation to a date no later than January 1st, 2019, as long as the amalgamation plan has been submitted by the deadline specified. However, we believe there is little potential for flexibility in this bill; it is completely at the discretion of the minister.

Furthermore, we believe that the use of 1,000-citizen threshold to determine who must amalgamate is not only an artificial number, but an inaccurate one. We are aware of the many municipalities currently under this population that function at a very high level. We're also very concerned with the proposed elimination of the public input through the Municipal Board. Although the bill states that amalgamating municipalities must provide a reasonable opportunity for members of the public to comment, there is no requirement to involve the Municipal Board. The bill does not mention what would happen if members of the public are opposed to amalgamation.

Finally, although Bill 33 includes provisions to initially keep all policing arrangements the same despite any amalgamations, the AMM has concerns about how it will work in practice. Where one amalgamating municipality has its own police force or is policed by the RCMP, a new arrangement will have to be made within three years. If a new arrangement is not made after the three years to have one police service for the amalgamated municipality, the minister will enter into an agreement with the RCMP to provide policing for that municipality.…

While the municipalities are now larger as result of amalgamation, governing bodies are still challenged in curtailing population decline, and encourage growth.[5]

List of amalgamations

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New rural
municipality[3][6]
Merging rural
municipality(s)[6]
Merging town(s)[6] Merging village(s)[6] Pop.
(2011)[10]
Pop.
(2006)[4]
Change (%)[4] Land
area
(km²)[4]
Pop.
density
(per km²)[4]
Bifrost – Riverton Bifrost Riverton 3,514 3,509 0.1 1,643.69 2.1
Boissevain – Morton Morton Boissevain 2,270 2,215 2.5 1,092.65 2.1
Brenda – Waskada Brenda Waskada 652 748 −12.8 766.77 0.9
Cartwright – Roblin Roblin Cartwright 1,240 1,246 −0.5 718.01 1.7
Clanwilliam – Erickson Clanwilliam Erickson 901 940 −4.1 352.08 2.6
Deloraine – Winchester Winchester Deloraine 1,485 1,571 −5.5 727.83 2.0
Ellice – Archie Archie
Ellice
St. Lazare 971 1,018 −4.6 1,153.33 0.8
Emerson – Franklin Franklin Emerson 2,439 2,457 −0.7 975.62 2.5
Ethelbert Ethelbert Ethelbert 629 695 −9.5 1,136.97 0.6
Gilbert Plains Gilbert Plains Gilbert Plains 1,623 1,594 1.8 1,051.80 1.5
Glenboro – South Cypress South Cypress Glenboro 1,483 1,467 1.1 1,097.76 1.4
Glenella – Lansdowne Glenella
Lansdowne
1,245 1,267 −1.7 1,263.43 1.0
Grandview Grandview Grandview 1,508 1,575 −4.3 1,156.29 1.3
Grassland Cameron
Whitewater
Hartney 1,480 1,481 −0.1 1,345.85 1.1
Grey Grey St. Claude 2,615 2,592 0.9 960.29 2.7
Hamiota Hamiota Hamiota 1,288 1,260 2.2 575.76 2.2
Harrison Park Harrison
Park
1,799 1,815 −0.9 977.58 1.8
Hillsburg – Roblin – Shell River Hillsburg
Shell River
Roblin 3,284 3,375 −2.7 1,688.2 1.9
Lakeshore Ochre River
Lawrence
1,401 1,430 −2.0 1,297.23 1.1
Lorne Lorne Notre Dame de Lourdes
Somerset
3,006 3,024 −0.6 911.85 3.3
Louise Louise Pilot Mound Crystal City 1,932 1,849 4.5 938.21 2.1
McCreary McCreary McCreary 948 963 −1.6 524.39 1.8
Minitonas – Bowsman Minitonas Minitonas Bowsman 1,816 1,917 −5.3 1,202.31 1.5
Minto – Odanah Minto
Odanah
1,177 1,207 −2.5 743.9 1.6
Mossey River Mossey River Winnipegosis 1,186 1,242 −4.5 1,125.56 1.1
Norfolk Treherne South Norfolk Treherne 1,741 1,816 −4.1 733.99 2.4
North Cypress – Langford Langford
North Cypress
2,627 2,689 −2.3 1,761.87 1.5
North Norfolk North Norfolk MacGregor 3,762 3,663 2.7 1,160.89 3.2
Oakland – Wawanesa Oakland Wawanesa 1,618 1,568 3.2 577.47 2.8
Oakview Blanshard
Saskatchewan
Rapid City 1,513 1,595 −5.1 1,148.09 1.3
Pembina Pembina Manitou 2,369 2,430 −2.5 1,117.7 2.1
Prairie Lakes Strathcona
Riverside
1,423 1,536 −7.4 1,062.9 1.3
Prairie View Birtle
Miniota
Birtle 2,167 2,232 −2.9 1,696.13 1.3
Rhineland Rhineland Gretna
Plum Coulee
5,772 5,469 5.5 958.69 6.0
Riding Mountain West Shellmouth-Boulton
Silver Creek
1,390 1,404 −1.0 1,622.55 0.9
Riverdale Daly Rivers 2,019 2,061 −2.0 570.42 3.5
Rossburn Rossburn Rossburn 1,046 1,060 −1.3 682.78 1.5
Russell – Binscarth Russell Russell Binscarth 2,553 2,469 3.4 572.5 4.5
Sifton Sifton Oak Lake 1,172 1,159 1.1 770.84 1.5
Souris – Glenwood Glenwood Souris 2,439 2,412 1.1 581.22 4.2
Ste. Rose Ste. Rose Ste. Rose du Lac 1,794 1,786 0.4 628.56 2.9
Swan Valley West Swan River Benito 2,923 3,144 −7.0 1,720.39 1.7
Two Borders Albert
Arthur
Edward
1,310 1,400 −6.4 2,304.46 0.6
Wallace – Woodworth Wallace
Woodworth
Elkhorn 2,857 2,852 0.2 1,969.32 1.5
West Interlake Eriksdale
Siglunes
2,206 2,391 −7.7 1,622.18 1.4
WestLake – Gladstone Lakeview
Westbourne
Gladstone 3,068 3,050 0.6 1,832.09 1.7
Yellowhead Shoal Lake
Strathclair
1,973 2,075 −4.9 1,110.72 1.8


See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d "Speech from the Throne: At the Opening of the Second Session of the 40th Legislature of the Province of Manitoba". Government of Manitoba. November 19, 2012. Retrieved October 5, 2014.
  2. ^ a b "The Municipal Amalgamations Act (C.C.S.M. c. M235)". Government of Manitoba. October 2, 2014. Retrieved October 5, 2014.
  3. ^ a b "Manitoba's Municipal History: Municipal Amalgamations (2015)". www.mhs.mb.ca. Retrieved 2021-02-08.
  4. ^ a b c d e "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2011 and 2006 censuses (Manitoba)". Statistics Canada. May 28, 2012. Retrieved December 23, 2012.
  5. ^ a b c d e "Manitoba". State of Rural Canada. Retrieved 2021-02-08.
  6. ^ a b c d e "Consolidated Regulations of Manitoba: Regulations under 'The Municipal Amalgamations Act'". Government of Manitoba. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  7. ^ "Government listens to presenters, amendments proposed to Municipal Modernization Act: Lemieux". Government of Manitoba. September 11, 2013. Retrieved October 5, 2014.
  8. ^ "The music is just starting". The Manitoba Co-operator (via issuu). 20 February 2014. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
  9. ^ a b c Standing Committee on Social and Economic Development. 2013 September 9. "Hansard vol. LXV No. 8." 2nd Session, 40th Legislature, Legislative Assembly of Manitoba.
  10. ^ "Interim List of Changes to Municipal Boundaries, Status, and Names, From January 2, 2014 to January 1, 2015 – Table 1 Changes to census subdivisions in alphabetical order by province and territory (with 8C and 9C)" (XLSX). Statistics Canada. May 27, 2015. Retrieved May 30, 2015.

Further reading

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