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14:58, 2 December 2020: 69.174.167.147 (talk) triggered filter 614, performing the action "edit" on Allergy. Actions taken: Disallow; Filter description: Memes and vandalism trends (moomer slang + zoomer slang) (examine)

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Old page wikitext, before the edit (`old_wikitext`)	'{{short description\|Immune system response to a substance that most people tolerate well}} {{For\|the medical journal of this title\|Allergy (journal)}} {{Use dmy dates\|date=January 2020}} {{Infobox medical condition (new) \| name = Allergy \| synonyms = \| image = Hives2010.JPG \| caption = [[Hives]] are a common allergic symptom \| field = [[Immunology]] \| symptoms = [[allergic conjunctivitis\|Red eyes]], itchy rash, [[rhinorrhea\|runny nose]], [[shortness of breath]], swelling, [[sneezing]]<ref name=NIH2015Sym/> \| complications = \| onset = \| duration = \| types = [[Hay fever]], [[Food allergy\|food allergies]], [[atopic dermatitis]], [[allergic asthma]], [[anaphylaxis]]<ref name=NIH2015Types/> \| causes = [[Genetics\|Genetic]] and environmental factors<ref name=Kay2000/> \| risks = \| diagnosis = Based on symptoms, [[skin prick test]], [[blood test]]<ref name=NIH2012pdf/> \| differential = [[Food intolerances]], [[food poisoning]]<ref name=Bah2012/> \| prevention = Early exposure to potential allergens<ref name=Sic2014/> \| treatment = Avoiding known allergens, medications, [[allergen immunotherapy]]<ref name=NIH2015Imm/> \| medication = [[Corticosteroid\|Steroids]], [[Histamine antagonist\|antihistamines]], [[epinephrine]], [[mast cell stabilizer]]s, [[antileukotriene]]s<ref name=NIH2015Imm/><ref name=Review09/><ref>{{cite journal \|last1=Finn \|first1=DF \|last2=Walsh \|first2=JJ \|title=Twenty-first century mast cell stabilizers. \|journal=British Journal of Pharmacology \|date=September 2013 \|volume=170 \|issue=1 \|pages=23–37 \|doi=10.1111/bph.12138 \|pmid=23441583 \|pmc=3764846}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \|last1=May \|first1=JR \|last2=Dolen \|first2=WK \|title=Management of Allergic Rhinitis: A Review for the Community Pharmacist. \|journal=Clinical Therapeutics \|date=December 2017 \|volume=39 \|issue=12 \|pages=2410–19 \|doi=10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.10.006 \|pmid=29079387\|doi-access=free }}</ref> \| prognosis = \| frequency = Common<ref name=NIH2015Epi/> \| deaths = }} <!-- Definition and symptoms --> '''Allergies''', also known as '''allergic diseases''', are a number of conditions caused by [[hypersensitivity]] of the [[immune system]] to typically harmless substances in the environment.<ref name=Con2007>{{cite book\|last1=McConnell\|first1=Thomas H.\|title=The Nature of Disease: Pathology for the Health Professions\|date=2007\|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins\|location=Baltimore, MD\|isbn=978-0-7817-5317-3\|page=159\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=chs_lilPFLwC&pg=PA159}}</ref> These diseases include [[hay fever]], [[Food allergy\|food allergies]], [[atopic dermatitis]], [[allergic asthma]], and [[anaphylaxis]].<ref name=NIH2015Types>{{cite web\|title=Types of Allergic Diseases \|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/allergicdiseases/Pages/allergic-diseases-types.aspx \|website=NIAID \|access-date=17 June 2015 \|date=29 May 2015 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617123632/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/allergicdiseases/Pages/allergic-diseases-types.aspx \|archive-date=17 June 2015 }}</ref> Symptoms may include [[allergic conjunctivitis\|red eyes]], an itchy rash, [[sneeze\|sneezing]], a [[rhinorrhea\|runny nose]], [[shortness of breath]], or swelling.<ref name=NIH2015Sym>{{cite web\|title=Environmental Allergies: Symptoms \|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/environmental-allergies/Pages/symptoms.aspx \|website=NIAID \|access-date=19 June 2015 \|date=22 April 2015 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618023408/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/environmental-allergies/Pages/symptoms.aspx \|archive-date=18 June 2015 }}</ref> [[Food intolerances]] and [[food poisoning]] are separate conditions.<ref name=NIH2012pdf/><ref name=Bah2012>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Bahna SL \| title = Cow's milk allergy versus cow milk intolerance \| journal = Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology \| volume = 89 \| issue = 6 Suppl 1 \| pages = 56–60 \| date = December 2002 \| pmid = 12487206 \| doi = 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)62124-2 }}</ref> <!-- Causes and diagnosis--> Common [[allergen]]s include [[pollen]] and certain foods.<ref name=Con2007/> Metals and other substances may also cause problems.<ref name=Con2007/> Food, [[insect sting]]s, and medications are common causes of severe reactions.<ref name=Kay2000/> Their development is due to both genetic and environmental factors.<ref name=Kay2000>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Kay AB \| title = Overview of 'allergy and allergic diseases: with a view to the future' \| journal = British Medical Bulletin \| volume = 56 \| issue = 4 \| pages = 843–64 \| year = 2000 \| pmid = 11359624 \| doi = 10.1258/0007142001903481 \| doi-access = free }}</ref> The underlying mechanism involves [[immunoglobulin E antibodies]] (IgE), part of the body's immune system, binding to an allergen and then to [[FcεRI\|a receptor]] on [[mast cell]]s or [[basophil]]s where it triggers the release of inflammatory chemicals such as [[histamine]].<ref>{{cite web\|title=How Does an Allergic Response Work? \|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/allergicdiseases/Pages/allergic-Response.aspx \|website=NIAID \|access-date=20 June 2015 \|date=21 April 2015 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618023413/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/allergicdiseases/Pages/allergic-Response.aspx \|archive-date=18 June 2015 }}</ref> Diagnosis is typically based on a person's [[medical history]].<ref name=NIH2012pdf/> Further testing of the [[skin prick test\|skin]] or blood may be useful in certain cases.<ref name=NIH2012pdf/> Positive tests, however, may not mean there is a significant allergy to the substance in question.<ref name=Cox2008>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Cox L, Williams B, Sicherer S, Oppenheimer J, Sher L, Hamilton R, Golden D \| title = Pearls and pitfalls of allergy diagnostic testing: report from the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology/American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Specific IgE Test Task Force \| journal = Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology \| volume = 101 \| issue = 6 \| pages = 580–92 \| date = December 2008 \| pmid = 19119701 \| doi = 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60220-7 }}</ref> <!-- Prevention and treatment --> Early exposure to potential allergens may be protective.<ref name=Sic2014>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Sicherer SH, Sampson HA \| title = Food allergy: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment \| journal = The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology \| volume = 133 \| issue = 2 \| pages = 291–307; quiz 308 \| date = February 2014 \| pmid = 24388012 \| doi = 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.11.020 }}</ref> Treatments for allergies include the avoidance of known allergens and the use of medications such as [[Corticosteroid\|steroids]] and [[Histamine antagonist\|antihistamines]].<ref name=NIH2015Imm/> In severe reactions injectable [[adrenaline]] (epinephrine) is recommended.<ref name=Review09/> [[Allergen immunotherapy]], which gradually exposes people to larger and larger amounts of allergen, is useful for some types of allergies such as hay fever and reactions to insect bites.<ref name=NIH2015Imm/> Its use in food allergies is unclear.<ref name=NIH2015Imm>{{cite web\|title=Allergen Immunotherapy \|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/allergicdiseases/Pages/allergen-immunotherapy.aspx \|access-date=15 June 2015 \|date=22 April 2015 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617122922/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/allergicdiseases/Pages/allergen-immunotherapy.aspx \|archive-date=17 June 2015 }}</ref> <!-- Epidemiology and history --> Allergies are common.<ref name=NIH2015Epi>{{cite web\|title=Allergic Diseases \|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/allergicdiseases/Pages/default.aspx \|website=NIAID \|access-date=20 June 2015 \|date=21 May 2015 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618023404/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/allergicdiseases/pages/default.aspx \|archive-date=18 June 2015 }}</ref> In the developed world, about 20% of people are affected by [[allergic rhinitis]],<ref name=NEJM2015>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Wheatley LM, Togias A \| title = Clinical practice. Allergic rhinitis \| journal = The New England Journal of Medicine \| volume = 372 \| issue = 5 \| pages = 456–63 \| date = January 2015 \| pmid = 25629743 \| pmc = 4324099 \| doi = 10.1056/NEJMcp1412282 }}</ref> about 6% of people have at least one food allergy,<ref name=NIH2012pdf>{{cite web\|author1=National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases \|title=Food Allergy An Overview \|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/foodAllergy/Documents/foodallergy.pdf \|date=July 2012 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305145206/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/foodallergy/documents/foodallergy.pdf \|archive-date=5 March 2016 }}</ref><ref name="Sic2014"/> and about 20% have [[atopic dermatitis]] at some point in time.<ref>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Thomsen SF \| title = Atopic dermatitis: natural history, diagnosis, and treatment \| journal = ISRN Allergy \| volume = 2014 \| pages = 354250 \| date = 2014 \| pmid = 25006501 \| pmc = 4004110 \| doi = 10.1155/2014/354250 }}</ref> Depending on the country about 1–18% of people have asthma.<ref name=GINA2015p2>{{cite web\|url=http://www.ginasthma.org/local/uploads/files/GINA_Report_2015_Aug11.pdf \|title=Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention: Updated 2015 \|publisher=Global Initiative for Asthma \|year=2015 \|page=2 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017163339/http://www.ginasthma.org/local/uploads/files/GINA_Report_2015_Aug11.pdf \|archive-date=17 October 2015}}</ref><ref name=GINA2011p2>{{cite web \|url=http://www.ginasthma.org/uploads/users/files/GINA_Report2011_May4.pdf \|title=Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention \|publisher=Global Initiative for Asthma \|year=2011\|pages=2–5\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120205023/http://www.ginasthma.org/uploads/users/files/GINA_Report2011_May4.pdf \|archive-date=July 2016}}</ref> Anaphylaxis occurs in between 0.05–2% of people.<ref>{{cite book\|author1=Leslie C. Grammer\|title=Patterson's Allergic Diseases\|date=2012\|isbn=978-1-4511-4863-3\|edition=7\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MWdT7W4_N8sC&pg=PA199}}</ref> Rates of many allergic diseases appear to be increasing.<ref name=Review09>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Simons FE \| title = Anaphylaxis: Recent advances in assessment and treatment \| journal = The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology \| volume = 124 \| issue = 4 \| pages = 625–36; quiz 637–38 \| date = October 2009 \| pmid = 19815109 \| doi = 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.08.025 \| url = https://secure.muhealth.org/~ed/students/articles/JAClinImmun_124_p0625.pdf \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130627084618/https://secure.muhealth.org/~ed/students/articles/JAClinImmun_124_p0625.pdf \| url-status = dead \| archive-date = 27 June 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Anandan C, Nurmatov U, van Schayck OC, Sheikh A \| title = Is the prevalence of asthma declining? Systematic review of epidemiological studies \| journal = Allergy \| volume = 65 \| issue = 2 \| pages = 152–67 \| date = February 2010 \| pmid = 19912154 \| doi = 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02244.x }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-and-treatments/library/allergy-library/prevalence-of-allergies-and-asthma\|title=Increasing Rates of Allergies and Asthma\|last=Pongdee\|first=Thanai\|website=American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology}}</ref> The word "allergy" was first used by [[Clemens von Pirquet]] in 1906.<ref name="Kay2000" /> ==Signs and symptoms== {\| class = "wikitable" style = "width:50%; float:right; font-size:90%; margin-left:15px" ! Affected organ \|\| Common signs and symptoms \|- \| [[human nose\|Nose]] \|\| Swelling of the nasal [[mucous membrane\|mucosa]] ([[rhinitis#Allergic\|allergic rhinitis]]) runny nose, [[sneezing]] \|- \| [[Paranasal sinus\|Sinuses]] \|\| Allergic [[sinusitis]] \|- \| [[Human eye\|Eyes]] \|\| Redness and [[itch]]ing of the [[conjunctiva]] (allergic conjunctivitis, watery) \|- \| [[Airway]]s \|\| Sneezing, coughing, [[bronchoconstriction]], [[wheeze\|wheezing]] and [[dyspnea]], sometimes outright attacks of [[asthma]], in severe cases the airway constricts due to swelling known as [[laryngeal edema]] \|- \| [[Ear]]s \|\| Feeling of fullness, possibly pain, and impaired hearing due to the lack of [[eustachian tube]] drainage. \|- \| [[Skin]] \|\| [[Rash]]es, such as [[eczema]] and [[urticaria\|hives (urticaria)]] \|- \| [[Human gastrointestinal tract\|Gastrointestinal tract]] \|\| [[Abdominal pain]], [[bloating]], [[vomiting]], [[diarrhea]] \|} Many allergens such as dust or pollen are airborne particles. In these cases, symptoms arise in areas in contact with air, such as eyes, nose, and lungs. For instance, [[allergic rhinitis]], also known as hay fever, causes irritation of the nose, sneezing, itching, and redness of the eyes.<ref name="Conn's Current Therapy 2005"/> Inhaled allergens can also lead to increased production of [[mucus]] in the [[lung]]s, [[shortness of breath]], coughing, and wheezing.<ref name="holgate98"/> Aside from these ambient allergens, allergic reactions can result from [[food]]s, [[Insect sting allergy\|insect stings]], and reactions to [[medication]]s like [[aspirin]] and [[antibiotic]]s such as [[penicillin]]. Symptoms of food allergy include [[abdominal pain]], [[bloating]], vomiting, [[diarrhea]], [[itch]]y skin, and [[Angioedema\|swelling of the skin during hives]]. Food allergies rarely cause [[respiratory tract\|respiratory]] (asthmatic) reactions, or [[rhinitis]].<ref name="rusznak98"/> Insect stings, food, [[antibiotic]]s, and certain medicines may produce a systemic allergic response that is also called [[anaphylaxis]]; multiple organ systems can be affected, including the [[digestive system]], the [[respiratory system]], and the [[circulatory system]].<ref name="Insect sting anaphylaxis"/><ref name="Penicillin allergy skin testing: what do we do now?"/><ref name="tang03"/> Depending on the rate of severity, anaphylaxis can include skin reactions, bronchoconstriction, [[edema\|swelling]], [[hypotension\|low blood pressure]], [[coma]], and [[death]]. This type of reaction can be triggered suddenly, or the onset can be delayed. The nature of [[anaphylaxis]] is such that the reaction can seem to be subsiding, but may recur throughout a period of time.<ref name=tang03/> ===Skin=== Substances that come into contact with the skin, such as [[latex]], are also common causes of allergic reactions, known as [[contact dermatitis]] or eczema.<ref name="Natural rubber latex allergy: a problem of interdisciplinary concern in medicine"/> Skin allergies frequently cause rashes, or swelling and inflammation within the skin, in what is known as a "[[wheal response\|weal]] and flare" reaction characteristic of hives and angioedema.<ref name="Urticaria and angioedema: a practical approach"/> With insect stings a large local reaction may occur (an area of skin redness greater than 10 cm in size).<ref name=Lud2015/> It can last one to two days.<ref name=Lud2015>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Ludman SW, Boyle RJ \| title = Stinging insect allergy: current perspectives on venom immunotherapy \| journal = Journal of Asthma and Allergy \| volume = 8 \| pages = 75–86 \| date = 2015 \| pmid = 26229493 \| pmc = 4517515 \| doi = 10.2147/JAA.S62288 }}</ref> This reaction may also occur after [[immunotherapy]].<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Slavin\|first1=ed. by Raymond G.\|last2=Reisman\|first2=Robert E.\|title=Expert guide to allergy and immunology\|date=1999\|publisher=American College of Physicians\|location=Philadelphia\|isbn=978-0-943126-73-9\|page=222\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QhNRrAeXdbAC&pg=PA222}}</ref> ==Cause== Risk factors for allergy can be placed in two general categories, namely [[Host (biology)\|host]] and [[Natural environment\|environmental]] factors.<ref name="The genetic and environmental basis of atopic diseases"/> Host factors include [[heredity]], [[sex]], [[Race (classification of human beings)\|race]], and age, with heredity being by far the most significant. However, there have been recent increases in the incidence of allergic disorders that cannot be explained by genetic factors alone. Four major environmental candidates are alterations in exposure to [[infectious disease]]s during early childhood, environmental [[pollution]], allergen levels, and [[Diet (nutrition)\|dietary]] changes.<ref name="Janeway"/> ===Foods=== {{main\|Food allergy}} A wide variety of foods can cause allergic reactions, but 90% of allergic responses to foods are caused by cow's [[milk]], [[soy]], [[egg (food)\|eggs]], [[wheat]], [[peanut]]s, [[tree nuts]], [[fish]], and [[crustacea\|shellfish]].<ref name="aafa.org">{{cite web \|url= http://www.aafa.org/display.cfm?id=9&sub=20&cont=286 \|title= Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America \|access-date= 23 December 2012 \|url-status= dead \|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121006052320/http://aafa.org/display.cfm?id=9&sub=20&cont=286 \|archive-date= 6 October 2012 \|df= dmy-all }}</ref> Other [[food allergy\|food allergies]], affecting less than 1 person per 10,000 population, may be considered "rare".<ref name=Maleki/> The use of hydrolysed milk [[baby formula]] versus standard milk baby formula does not appear to change the risk.<ref>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Boyle RJ, Ierodiakonou D, Khan T, Chivinge J, Robinson Z, Geoghegan N, Jarrold K, Afxentiou T, Reeves T, Cunha S, Trivella M, Garcia-Larsen V, Leonardi-Bee J \| title = Hydrolysed formula and risk of allergic or autoimmune disease: systematic review and meta-analysis \| journal = BMJ \| volume = 352 \| pages = i974 \| date = March 2016 \| pmid = 26956579 \| doi = 10.1136/bmj.i974 \| pmc=4783517}}</ref> The most common food allergy in the US population is a sensitivity to [[crustacea]].<ref name=Maleki>{{cite book \|last1=Maleki \|first1=Soheilia J \|last2=Burks \|first2=A. Wesley \|last3=Helm \|first3=Ricki M. \|title=Food Allergy \|year=2006 \|publisher=Blackwell Publishing \|pages=39–41 \|isbn=978-1-55581-375-8}}</ref> Although peanut allergies are notorious for their severity, peanut allergies are not the most common food allergy in adults or children. Severe or life-threatening reactions may be triggered by other allergens, and are more common when combined with asthma.<ref name="aafa.org"/> Rates of allergies differ between adults and children. [[Peanut]] allergies can sometimes be outgrown by children. Egg allergies affect one to two percent of children but are outgrown by about two-thirds of children by the age of 5.<ref>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Järvinen KM, Beyer K, Vila L, Bardina L, Mishoe M, Sampson HA \| title = Specificity of IgE antibodies to sequential epitopes of hen's egg ovomucoid as a marker for persistence of egg allergy \| journal = Allergy \| volume = 62 \| issue = 7 \| pages = 758–65 \| date = July 2007 \| pmid = 17573723 \| doi = 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01332.x }}</ref> The sensitivity is usually to proteins in the white, rather than the [[yolk]].<ref name="Sicherer 63"/> Milk-protein allergies are most common in children.<ref>{{harvnb\|Maleki\|Burks\|Helm\|2006\|pp=41}}</ref> Approximately 60% of milk-protein reactions are [[immunoglobulin E]]-mediated, with the remaining usually attributable to [[proctocolitis\|inflammation of the colon]].<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.worldallergy.org/professional/allergic_diseases_center/foodallergy/ \|title=World Allergy Organization \|access-date=13 April 2015 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414054458/http://www.worldallergy.org/professional/allergic_diseases_center/foodallergy/ \|archive-date=14 April 2015 }}</ref> Some people are unable to tolerate milk from goats or sheep as well as from cows, and many are also unable to tolerate [[dairy]] products such as cheese. Roughly 10% of children with a milk allergy will have a reaction to [[beef]]. Beef contains small amounts of proteins that are present in greater abundance in cow's milk.<ref>Sicherer 64</ref> [[Lactose intolerance]], a common reaction to milk, is not a form of allergy at all, but rather due to the absence of an [[enzyme]] in the [[digestive tract]]. Those with [[Nut (fruit)\|tree nut]] allergies may be allergic to one or to many tree nuts, including pecans, pistachios, pine nuts, and walnuts.<ref name="Sicherer 63"/> Also [[seeds]], including [[sesame seeds]] and [[poppy seed]]s, contain oils in which protein is present, which may elicit an allergic reaction.<ref name="Sicherer 63"/> Allergens can be transferred from one food to another through [[genetic engineering]]; however genetic modification can also remove allergens. Little research has been done on the natural variation of allergen concentrations in unmodified crops.<ref>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Herman EM \| title = Genetically modified soybeans and food allergies \| journal = Journal of Experimental Botany \| volume = 54 \| issue = 386 \| pages = 1317–19 \| date = May 2003 \| pmid = 12709477 \| doi = 10.1093/jxb/erg164 \| url = http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/content/54/386/1317.full \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130930040151/http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/content/54/386/1317.full\| url-status = live \| archive-date = 30 September 2013 \| doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Panda R, Ariyarathna H, Amnuaycheewa P, Tetteh A, Pramod SN, Taylor SL, Ballmer-Weber BK, Goodman RE \| title = Challenges in testing genetically modified crops for potential increases in endogenous allergen expression for safety \| journal = Allergy \| volume = 68 \| issue = 2 \| pages = 142–51 \| date = February 2013 \| pmid = 23205714 \| doi = 10.1111/all.12076 \| url = https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/foodsciefacpub/165 }}</ref> ===Latex=== [[Latex]] can trigger an IgE-mediated cutaneous, respiratory, and systemic reaction. The prevalence of latex allergy in the general population is believed to be less than one percent. In a hospital study, 1 in 800 surgical patients (0.125 percent) reported latex sensitivity, although the sensitivity among healthcare workers is higher, between seven and ten percent. Researchers attribute this higher level to the exposure of healthcare workers to areas with significant airborne latex allergens, such as operating rooms, intensive-care units, and dental suites. These latex-rich environments may sensitize healthcare workers who regularly inhale allergenic proteins.<ref name="Sussman"/> The most prevalent response to latex is an allergic contact dermatitis, a delayed hypersensitive reaction appearing as dry, crusted lesions. This reaction usually lasts 48–96 hours. Sweating or rubbing the area under the glove aggravates the lesions, possibly leading to ulcerations.<ref name=Sussman/> [[Anaphylactic]] reactions occur most often in sensitive patients who have been exposed to a surgeon's latex gloves during abdominal surgery, but other [[mucous membrane\|mucosal]] exposures, such as dental procedures, can also produce systemic reactions.<ref name=Sussman/> Latex and banana sensitivity may cross-react. Furthermore, those with latex allergy may also have sensitivities to avocado, kiwifruit, and chestnut.<ref>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Fernández de Corres L, Moneo I, Muñoz D, Bernaola G, Fernández E, Audicana M, Urrutia I \| title = Sensitization from chestnuts and bananas in patients with urticaria and anaphylaxis from contact with latex \| journal = Annals of Allergy \| volume = 70 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 35–39 \| date = January 1993 \| pmid = 7678724 }}</ref> These people often have [[perioral]] itching and local [[urticaria]]. Only occasionally have these food-induced allergies induced systemic responses. Researchers suspect that the cross-reactivity of latex with banana, avocado, kiwifruit, and chestnut occurs because latex proteins are structurally [[Homology (biology)\|homologous]] with some other plant proteins.<ref name=Sussman/> ===Medications=== {{main\|Drug allergy}} {{see also\|Adverse drug reaction\|Drug eruption}} About 10% of people report that they are allergic to [[penicillin]]; however, 90% turn out not to be.<ref name=Al2015/> Serious allergies only occur in about 0.03%.<ref name=Al2015>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Gonzalez-Estrada A, Radojicic C \| title = Penicillin allergy: A practical guide for clinicians \| journal = Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine \| volume = 82 \| issue = 5 \| pages = 295–300 \| date = May 2015 \| pmid = 25973877 \| doi = 10.3949/ccjm.82a.14111 }}</ref> ===Insect stings=== {{main\|Insect sting allergy}} Typically, [[insects]] which generate allergic responses are either stinging insects ([[wasps]], [[bees]], [[hornets]] and [[ants]]) or biting insects ([[mosquitoes]], [[ticks]]). Stinging insects inject venom into their victims, whilst biting insects normally introduce [[anti-coagulants]]. ===Toxins interacting with proteins=== Another non-food protein reaction, [[urushiol-induced contact dermatitis]], originates after contact with [[poison ivy]], [[Toxicodendron pubescens\|eastern poison oak]], [[Toxicodendron diversilobum\|western poison oak]], or [[poison sumac]]. [[Urushiol]], which is not itself a protein, acts as a [[hapten]] and chemically reacts with, binds to, and changes the shape of [[integral membrane protein]]s on exposed skin cells. The immune system does not recognize the affected cells as normal parts of the body, causing a [[T-cell]]<nowiki>-</nowiki>mediated [[immune response]].<ref>C. Michael Hogan. [http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=82914 ''Western poison-oak: Toxicodendron diversilobum''] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090721044257/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=82914 \|date=21 July 2009 }}. GlobalTwitcher, ed. Nicklas Stromberg. 2008. Retrieved 30 April 2010.</ref> Of these poisonous plants, sumac is the most virulent.<ref>Keeler, Harriet L. (1900). ''Our Native Trees and How to Identify Them''. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 94–96; Frankel, Edward, PhD ''Poison Ivy, Poison Oak, Poison Sumac and Their Relatives; Pistachios, Mangoes and Cashews''. The Boxwood Press. Pacific Grove, CA. 1991. {{ISBN\|978-0-940168-18-3}}.</ref> The resulting dermatological response to the reaction between urushiol and membrane proteins includes redness, swelling, [[papule]]s, [[Vesicle (dermatology)\|vesicles]], [[blister]]s, and streaking.<ref name="Dermatlas" >{{DermAtlas\|-1892628434}}</ref> Estimates vary on the percentage of the population that will have an immune system response. Approximately 25 percent of the population will have a strong allergic response to urushiol. In general, approximately 80 percent to 90 percent of adults will develop a rash if they are exposed to {{convert\|.0050\|mg\|sp=us}} of purified urushiol, but some people are so sensitive that it takes only a molecular trace on the skin to initiate an allergic reaction.<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Armstrong W.P. \|author2=Epstein W.L. \|title=Poison oak: more than just scratching the surface \|journal=Herbalgram \|volume=34 \|pages=36–42 \|year=1995 }} cited in {{cite web \|url=http://waynesword.palomar.edu/ww0802.htm \|title=Archived copy \|access-date=6 October 2015 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006212234/http://waynesword.palomar.edu/ww0802.htm \|archive-date=6 October 2015 }}</ref> ===Genetics=== Allergic diseases are strongly [[Family\|familial]]: [[Twin#Monozygotic twins\|identical twins]] are likely to have the same allergic diseases about 70% of the time; the same allergy occurs about 40% of the time in [[Twin#Dizygotic twins\|non-identical twins]].<ref name="Allergy"/> Allergic parents are more likely to have allergic children,<ref name="DeSwert"/> and those children's allergies are likely to be more severe than those in children of non-allergic parents. Some allergies, however, are not consistent along [[Genealogy\|genealogies]]; parents who are allergic to [[peanut]]s may have children who are allergic to [[ragweed]]. It seems that the likelihood of developing allergies is [[Heredity\|inherited]] and related to an irregularity in the immune system, but the specific [[allergen]] is not.<ref name=DeSwert/> The risk of allergic [[Sensitization (immunology)\|sensitization]] and the development of allergies varies with age, with young children most at risk.<ref name="Croner"/> Several studies have shown that IgE levels are highest in childhood and fall rapidly between the ages of 10 and 30 years.<ref name=Croner/> The peak prevalence of hay fever is highest in children and young adults and the incidence of asthma is highest in children under 10.<ref>{{cite book \|vauthors=Jarvis D, Burney P \|chapter=Epidemiology of atopy and atopic disease \|editor=Kay AB \|title=Allergy and allergic diseases \|publisher=Blackwell Science \|location=London \|year=1997 \|pages=1208–24 \|volume=2 }}</ref> Overall, boys have a higher risk of developing allergies than girls,<ref name=DeSwert/> although for some diseases, namely asthma in young adults, females are more likely to be affected.<ref name="Asthma from birth to age 23: incidence and relation to prior and concurrent atopic disease"/> These differences between the sexes tend to decrease in adulthood.<ref name=DeSwert/> [[Ethnic group\|Ethnicity]] may play a role in some allergies; however, racial factors have been difficult to separate from environmental influences and changes due to [[human migration\|migration]].<ref name=DeSwert/> It has been suggested that different [[Locus (genetics)\|genetic loci]] are responsible for asthma, to be specific, in people of [[Caucasian race\|European]], [[Hispanic]], [[Asian people\|Asian]], and [[Ethnic groups of Africa\|African]] origins.<ref name="African Americans with asthma: genetic insights"/> ===Hygiene hypothesis=== {{Main\|Hygiene hypothesis}} Allergic diseases are caused by inappropriate immunological responses to harmless [[antigens]] driven by a [[t helper cell\|TH2]]-mediated immune response. Many [[bacteria]] and [[virus]]es elicit a [[T helper cell\|TH1]]-mediated immune response, which down-regulates TH2 responses. The first proposed mechanism of action of the hygiene hypothesis was that insufficient stimulation of the TH1 arm of the immune system leads to an overactive TH2 arm, which in turn leads to allergic disease.<ref>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Folkerts G, Walzl G, Openshaw PJ \| title = Do common childhood infections 'teach' the immune system not to be allergic? \| journal = Immunology Today \| volume = 21 \| issue = 3 \| pages = 118–20 \| date = March 2000 \| pmid = 10777250 \| doi = 10.1016/S0167-5699(00)01582-6 }}</ref> In other words, individuals living in too sterile an environment are not exposed to enough pathogens to keep the immune system busy. Since our bodies evolved to deal with a certain level of such pathogens, when they are not exposed to this level, the immune system will attack harmless antigens and thus normally benign microbial objects—like pollen—will trigger an immune response.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://edwardwillett.com/2000/05/the-hygiene-hypothesis/ \|title=The Hygiene Hypothesis \|publisher=Edward Willett \|date=30 January 2013 \|access-date=30 May 2013 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130430180522/http://edwardwillett.com/2000/05/the-hygiene-hypothesis/ \|archive-date=30 April 2013 }}</ref> The hygiene hypothesis was developed to explain the observation that [[hay fever]] and [[eczema]], both allergic diseases, were less common in children from larger families, which were, it is presumed, exposed to more infectious agents through their siblings, than in children from families with only one child. The hygiene hypothesis has been extensively investigated by [[immunology\|immunologists]] and [[epidemiology\|epidemiologists]] and has become an important theoretical framework for the study of allergic disorders. It is used to explain the increase in allergic diseases that have been seen since [[industrialization]], and the higher incidence of allergic diseases in more developed countries. The hygiene hypothesis has now expanded to include exposure to symbiotic bacteria and parasites as important modulators of immune system development, along with infectious agents. Epidemiological data support the hygiene hypothesis. Studies have shown that various immunological and autoimmune diseases are much less common in the developing world than the industrialized world and that immigrants to the industrialized world from the developing world increasingly develop immunological disorders in relation to the length of time since arrival in the industrialized world.<ref name="pmid12910582"/> Longitudinal studies in the third world demonstrate an increase in immunological disorders as a country grows more affluent and, it is presumed, cleaner.<ref name="pmid17326711"/> The use of antibiotics in the first year of life has been linked to asthma and other allergic diseases.<ref name="Does antibiotic exposure during infancy lead to development of asthma?: a systematic review and metaanalysis"/> The use of antibacterial cleaning products has also been associated with higher incidence of [[asthma]], as has birth by [[Caesarean section]] rather than vaginal birth.<ref name="A meta-analysis of the association between Caesarean section and childhood asthma"/><ref name="The use of household cleaning sprays and adult asthma: an international longitudinal study"/> ===Stress=== Chronic [[Stress (psychological)\|stress]] can aggravate allergic conditions. This has been attributed to a T helper 2 (TH2)-predominant response driven by suppression of [[interleukin 12]] by both the [[autonomic nervous system]] and the [[hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis]]. Stress management in highly susceptible individuals may improve symptoms.<ref>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Dave ND, Xiang L, Rehm KE, Marshall GD \| title = Stress and allergic diseases \| journal = Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America \| volume = 31 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 55–68 \| date = February 2011 \| pmid = 21094923 \| pmc = 3264048 \| doi = 10.1016/j.iac.2010.09.009 }}</ref> ===Other environmental factors=== There are differences between countries in the number of individuals within a population having allergies. Allergic diseases are more common in [[Industrialisation\|industrialized]] countries than in countries that are more traditional or [[Agriculture\|agricultural]], and there is a higher rate of allergic disease in [[Urban area\|urban]] populations versus [[rural]] populations, although these differences are becoming less defined.<ref name=cooper04>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Cooper PJ \| title = Intestinal worms and human allergy \| journal = Parasite Immunology \| volume = 26 \| issue = 11–12 \| pages = 455–67 \| year = 2004 \| pmid = 15771681 \| doi = 10.1111/j.0141-9838.2004.00728.x }}</ref> Historically, the trees planted in urban areas were predominantly male to prevent litter from seeds and fruits, but the high ratio of male trees causes high pollen counts.<ref>{{cite web \|last=Ogren \|first=Thomas Leo \|title=Botanical Sexism Cultivates Home-Grown Allergies \|url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/botanical-sexism-cultivates-home-grown-allergies/ \|website=[[Scientific American]] \|date=29 April 2015 \|access-date=18 January 2020}}</ref> Alterations in exposure to [[microorganism]]s is another plausible explanation, at present, for the increase in [[Atopy\|atopic allergy]].<ref name= Janeway/> Endotoxin exposure reduces release of inflammatory [[cytokine]]s such as [[tumor necrosis factor alpha\|TNF-α]], [[interferon-gamma\|IFNγ]], [[interleukin-10]], and [[interleukin-12]] from white blood cells ([[leukocytes]]) that circulate in the [[blood]].<ref name="pmid12239255"/> Certain microbe-sensing [[protein]]s, known as [[Toll-like receptor]]s, found on the surface of cells in the body are also thought to be involved in these processes.<ref name="Epidemiological and immunological evidence for the hygiene hypothesis"/> Gutworms and similar parasites are present in untreated drinking water in developing countries, and were present in the water of developed countries until the routine [[Water chlorination\|chlorination]] and purification of drinking water supplies.<ref name="Parasitic food-borne and water-borne zoonoses"/> Recent research has shown that some common [[parasite]]s, such as [[Parasitic worm\|intestinal worms]] (e.g., [[hookworm]]s), secrete chemicals into the gut wall (and, hence, the bloodstream) that [[immunosuppressant\|suppress]] the immune system and prevent the body from attacking the parasite.<ref name="Worms and allergy"/> This gives rise to a new slant on the hygiene hypothesis theory—that [[co-evolution]] of humans and parasites has led to an immune system that functions correctly only in the presence of the parasites. Without them, the immune system becomes unbalanced and oversensitive.<ref name=Yazdanbakhsh02>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Yazdanbakhsh M, Kremsner PG, van Ree R \| title = Allergy, parasites, and the hygiene hypothesis \| journal = Science \| volume = 296 \| issue = 5567 \| pages = 490–94 \| date = April 2002 \| pmid = 11964470 \| doi = 10.1126/science.296.5567.490 \| citeseerx = 10.1.1.570.9502 }}</ref> In particular, research suggests that allergies may coincide with the delayed establishment of [[gut flora]] in [[infant]]s.<ref name="pmid17382394"/> However, the research to support this theory is conflicting, with some studies performed in China and [[Ethiopia]] showing an increase in allergy in people infected with intestinal worms.<ref name=cooper04/> Clinical trials have been initiated to test the effectiveness of certain worms in treating some allergies.<ref name=falcone05>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Falcone FH, Pritchard DI \| title = Parasite role reversal: worms on trial \| journal = Trends in Parasitology \| volume = 21 \| issue = 4 \| pages = 157–60 \| date = April 2005 \| pmid = 15780835 \| doi = 10.1016/j.pt.2005.02.002 }}</ref> It may be that the term 'parasite' could turn out to be inappropriate, and in fact a hitherto unsuspected [[Mutualism (biology)\|symbiosis]] is at work.<ref name=falcone05/> For more information on this topic, see [[Helminthic therapy]]. ==Pathophysiology== [[File:The Allergy Pathway.jpg\|thumb\|A summary diagram that explains how allergy develops]] [[File:Tissues Affected In Allergic Inflammation.jpg\|thumb\|Tissues affected in [[allergic inflammation]]]] ===Acute response=== [[File:Allergy degranulation processes 01.svg\|thumb\|Degranulation process in allergy. Second exposure to allergen. '''1''' – antigen; '''2''' – IgE antibody; '''3''' – FcεRI receptor; '''4''' – preformed mediators (histamine, proteases, chemokines, heparin); '''5''' – [[granule (cell biology)\|granules]]; '''6''' – [[mast cell]]; '''7''' – newly formed mediators (prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, [[Platelet-activating factor\|PAF]]).]] In the early stages of allergy, a type I hypersensitivity reaction against an allergen encountered for the first time and presented by a professional [[antigen-presenting cell]] causes a response in a type of immune cell called a [[T helper cell\|T<sub>H</sub>2 lymphocyte]]; a subset of [[T cell]]s that produce a [[cytokine]] called [[interleukin-4]] (IL-4). These T<sub>H</sub>2 cells interact with other [[lymphocytes]] called [[B cell]]s, whose role is production of antibodies. Coupled with signals provided by IL-4, this interaction stimulates the B cell to begin production of a large amount of a particular type of antibody known as IgE. Secreted IgE circulates in the blood and binds to an IgE-specific receptor (a kind of [[Fc receptor]] called [[FcεRI]]) on the surface of other kinds of immune cells called [[mast cell]]s and [[basophil]]s, which are both involved in the acute inflammatory response. The IgE-coated cells, at this stage, are sensitized to the allergen.<ref name=Janeway/> If later exposure to the same allergen occurs, the allergen can bind to the IgE molecules held on the surface of the mast cells or basophils. Cross-linking of the IgE and Fc receptors occurs when more than one IgE-receptor complex interacts with the same allergenic molecule, and activates the sensitized cell. Activated mast cells and basophils undergo a process called [[degranulation]], during which they release [[histamine]] and other inflammatory chemical mediators ([[cytokine]]s, [[interleukin]]s, [[leukotriene]]s, and [[prostaglandin]]s) from their [[granule (cell biology)\|granules]] into the surrounding tissue causing several systemic effects, such as [[vasodilation]], [[mucus\|mucous]] secretion, [[nerve]] stimulation, and [[smooth muscle]] contraction. This results in [[rhinorrhea]], itchiness, dyspnea, and [[anaphylaxis]]. Depending on the individual, allergen, and mode of introduction, the symptoms can be system-wide (classical anaphylaxis), or localized to particular body systems; asthma is localized to the respiratory system and eczema is localized to the [[dermis]].<ref name=Janeway/> ===Late-phase response=== After the chemical mediators of the acute response subside, late-phase responses can often occur. This is due to the migration of other [[leukocyte]]s such as [[neutrophil]]s, [[lymphocyte]]s, [[eosinophil]]s and [[macrophage]]s to the initial site. The reaction is usually seen 2–24 hours after the original reaction.<ref name="Effector and potential immunoregulatory roles of mast cells in IgE-associated acquired immune responses"/> Cytokines from mast cells may play a role in the persistence of long-term effects. Late-phase responses seen in [[asthma]] are slightly different from those seen in other allergic responses, although they are still caused by release of mediators from eosinophils and are still dependent on activity of T<sub>H</sub>2 cells.<ref name="Th2 cytokines in the asthma late-phase response"/> ===Allergic contact dermatitis=== Although [[allergic contact dermatitis]] is termed an "allergic" reaction (which usually refers to type I hypersensitivity), its pathophysiology actually involves a reaction that more correctly corresponds to a [[type IV hypersensitivity]] reaction.<ref>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Martín A, Gallino N, Gagliardi J, Ortiz S, Lascano AR, Diller A, Daraio MC, Kahn A, Mariani AL, Serra HM \| title = Early inflammatory markers in elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis \| journal = BMC Dermatology \| volume = 2 \| pages = 9 \| date = August 2002 \| pmid = 12167174 \| pmc = 122084 \| doi = 10.1186/1471-5945-2-9 }}</ref> In type IV hypersensitivity, there is activation of certain types of [[T cells]] (CD8+) that destroy target cells on contact, as well as activated [[macrophage]]s that produce [[hydrolytic enzyme\|hydrolytic]] [[enzyme]]s. ==Diagnosis== [[File:Allergy testing machine.jpg\|left\|thumb\|An allergy testing machine being operated in a diagnostic immunology lab]] Effective management of allergic diseases relies on the ability to make an accurate diagnosis.<ref>{{cite journal \|author=Portnoy JM \|year=2006 \|title=Evidence-based Allergy Diagnostic Tests \|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports \|volume=6 \|issue=6\|pages=455–61 \|doi=10.1007/s11882-006-0021-8\|pmid=17026871 \|display-authors=etal}}</ref> Allergy testing can help confirm or rule out allergies.<ref name="ReferenceA">NICE Diagnosis and assessment of food allergy in children and young people in primary care and community settings, 2011</ref><ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Boyce JA, Assa'ad A, Burks AW, Jones SM, Sampson HA, Wood RA, Plaut M, Cooper SF, Fenton MJ, Arshad SH, Bahna SL, Beck LA, Byrd-Bredbenner C, Camargo CA, Eichenfield L, Furuta GT, Hanifin JM, Jones C, Kraft M, Levy BD, Lieberman P, Luccioli S, McCall KM, Schneider LC, Simon RA, Simons FE, Teach SJ, Yawn BP, Schwaninger JM \| display-authors = 6 \| title = Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of food allergy in the United States: report of the NIAID-sponsored expert panel \| journal = The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology \| volume = 126 \| issue = 6 Suppl \| pages = S1–58 \| date = December 2010 \| pmid = 21134576 \| pmc = 4241964 \| doi = 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.10.007 }}</ref> Correct diagnosis, counseling, and avoidance advice based on valid allergy test results reduces the incidence of symptoms and need for medications, and improves quality of life.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> To assess the presence of allergen-specific IgE antibodies, two different methods can be used: a skin prick test, or an allergy [[blood test]]. Both methods are recommended, and they have similar diagnostic value.<ref name="ReferenceB"/><ref>{{cite journal \| vauthors=Cox L \| year=2011 \| title=Overview of Serological-Specific IgE Antibody Testing in Children \| journal=Pediatric Allergy and Immunology }}</ref> Skin prick tests and blood tests are equally cost-effective, and health economic evidence shows that both tests were cost-effective compared with no test.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> Also, early and more accurate diagnoses save cost due to reduced consultations, referrals to secondary care, misdiagnosis, and emergency admissions.<ref>{{cite web\|title = CG116 Food allergy in children and young people: costing report\|date = 23 February 2011 \|url=http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CG116/CostingReport/pdf/English \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117230445/http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CG116/CostingReport/pdf/English \|archive-date=17 January 2012 \|website = National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence}}</ref> Allergy undergoes dynamic changes over time. Regular allergy testing of relevant allergens provides information on if and how patient management can be changed, in order to improve health and quality of life. Annual testing is often the practice for determining whether allergy to milk, egg, soy, and wheat have been outgrown, and the testing interval is extended to 2–3 years for allergy to peanut, tree nuts, fish, and crustacean shellfish.<ref name="ReferenceB"/> Results of follow-up testing can guide decision-making regarding whether and when it is safe to introduce or re-introduce allergenic food into the diet.<ref name="United States 2010">{{cite web\|publisher =NIH \|title= Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Food Allergy in the United States: Summary of the NIAID-Sponsored Expert Panel Report\|date = 2010\|id = 11-7700\|url = https://www.foodallergy.org/sites/default/files/migrated-files/file/niaid-clinician-summary.pdf}}</ref> ===Skin prick testing=== <!-- Hidden text, as this links back to the same page, restore when main article is created - {{Main\|Skin Test\|l1=Skin testing}}--> [[File:Allergy skin testing.JPG\|thumb\|right\|Skin testing on arm]] [[File:Skintest2.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Skin testing on back]] [[Skin test]]ing is also known as "puncture testing" and "prick testing" due to the series of tiny punctures or pricks made into the patient's skin. Small amounts of suspected allergens and/or their [[extracts]] (''e.g.'', pollen, grass, mite proteins, peanut extract) are introduced to sites on the skin marked with pen or dye (the ink/dye should be carefully selected, lest it cause an allergic response itself). A small plastic or metal device is used to puncture or prick the skin. Sometimes, the allergens are injected "intradermally" into the patient's skin, with a needle and syringe. Common areas for testing include the inside forearm and the back. If the patient is allergic to the substance, then a visible inflammatory reaction will usually occur within 30 minutes. This response will range from slight reddening of the skin to a full-blown [[Urticaria\|hive]] (called "wheal and flare") in more sensitive patients similar to a [[mosquito bite]]. Interpretation of the results of the skin prick test is normally done by allergists on a scale of severity, with +/− meaning borderline reactivity, and 4+ being a large reaction. Increasingly, allergists are measuring and recording the diameter of the wheal and flare reaction. Interpretation by well-trained allergists is often guided by relevant literature.<ref name="pmid16164451"/> Some patients may believe they have determined their own allergic sensitivity from observation, but a skin test has been shown to be much better than patient observation to detect allergy.<ref name="pmid11101180"/> If a serious life-threatening anaphylactic reaction has brought a patient in for evaluation, some allergists will prefer an initial blood test prior to performing the skin prick test. Skin tests may not be an option if the patient has widespread skin disease, or has taken [[antihistamines]] in the last several days. ===Patch testing=== {{Main\|Patch test}} [[File:Epikutanni-test.jpg\|thumb\|[[Patch test]]]] Patch testing is a method used to determine if a specific substance causes allergic inflammation of the skin. It tests for delayed reactions. It is used to help ascertain the cause of skin contact allergy, or [[contact dermatitis]]. Adhesive patches, usually treated with a number of common allergic chemicals or skin sensitizers, are applied to the back. The skin is then examined for possible local reactions at least twice, usually at 48 hours after application of the patch, and again two or three days later. ===Blood testing=== An allergy [[blood test]] is quick and simple, and can be ordered by a licensed health care provider (''e.g.'', an allergy specialist) or general practitioner. Unlike skin-prick testing, a blood test can be performed irrespective of age, skin condition, medication, symptom, disease activity, and pregnancy. Adults and children of any age can get an allergy blood test. For babies and very young children, a single needle stick for allergy blood testing is often more gentle than several skin pricks. An allergy blood test is available through most [[Medical laboratory\|laboratories]]. A sample of the patient's blood is sent to a laboratory for analysis, and the results are sent back a few days later. Multiple allergens can be detected with a single blood sample. Allergy blood tests are very safe, since the person is not exposed to any allergens during the testing procedure. The test measures the concentration of specific [[IgE\|IgE antibodies]] in the blood. [[Quantitative analysis (chemistry)\|Quantitative]] IgE test results increase the possibility of ranking how different substances may affect symptoms. A rule of thumb is that the higher the IgE antibody value, the greater the likelihood of symptoms. Allergens found at low levels that today do not result in symptoms can not help predict future symptom development. The quantitative allergy blood result can help determine what a patient is allergic to, help predict and follow the disease development, estimate the risk of a severe reaction, and explain [[cross-reactivity]].<ref>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Yunginger JW, Ahlstedt S, Eggleston PA, Homburger HA, Nelson HS, Ownby DR, Platts-Mills TA, Sampson HA, Sicherer SH, Weinstein AM, Williams PB \| display-authors = 6 \|title=Quantitative IgE antibody assays in allergic diseases \|journal=Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology \|date=June 2000 \|volume=105 \|issue=6 \|pages=1077–84 \|doi=10.1067/mai.2000.107041\| pmid = 10856139 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Sampson HA \| title = Utility of food-specific IgE concentrations in predicting symptomatic food allergy \| journal = The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology \| volume = 107 \| issue = 5 \| pages = 891–96 \| date = May 2001 \| pmid = 11344358 \| doi = 10.1067/mai.2001.114708 }}</ref> A low total IgE level is not adequate to rule out [[Sensitization (immunology)\|sensitization]] to commonly inhaled allergens.<ref name="pmid12911420"/> [[statistics\|Statistical methods]], such as [[ROC curve]]s, predictive value calculations, and likelihood ratios have been used to examine the relationship of various testing methods to each other. These methods have shown that patients with a high total IgE have a high probability of allergic sensitization, but further investigation with allergy tests for specific IgE antibodies for a carefully chosen of allergens is often warranted. Laboratory methods to measure specific IgE antibodies for allergy testing include [[enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay]] (ELISA, or EIA),<ref name=webmd>{{cite web\|url=http://www.webmd.com/allergies/guide/blood-test\|title=Blood Testing for Allergies\|access-date=5 June 2016\|website=[[WebMD]]\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604101105/http://www.webmd.com/allergies/guide/blood-test\|archive-date=4 June 2016}}</ref> [[radioallergosorbent test]] (RAST)<ref name=webmd/> and fluorescent enzyme [[immunoassay]] (FEIA).<ref name="KhanUeno-Yamanouchi2012">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Khan FM, Ueno-Yamanouchi A, Serushago B, Bowen T, Lyon AW, Lu C, Storek J \| title = Basophil activation test compared to skin prick test and fluorescence enzyme immunoassay for aeroallergen-specific Immunoglobulin-E \| journal = Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology \| volume = 8 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 1 \| date = January 2012 \| pmid = 22264407 \| doi = 10.1186/1710-1492-8-1 \| pmc=3398323}}</ref> ===Other testing=== '''Challenge testing:''' Challenge testing is when small amounts of a suspected allergen are introduced to the body orally, through inhalation, or via other routes. Except for testing food and medication allergies, challenges are rarely performed. When this type of testing is chosen, it must be closely supervised by an [[allergist]]. '''Elimination/challenge tests:''' This testing method is used most often with foods or medicines. A patient with a suspected allergen is instructed to modify his diet to totally avoid that allergen for a set time. If the patient experiences significant improvement, he may then be "challenged" by reintroducing the allergen, to see if symptoms are reproduced. '''Unreliable tests:''' There are other types of allergy testing methods that are unreliable, including [[applied kinesiology]] (allergy testing through muscle relaxation), [[cytotoxicity]] testing, urine autoinjection, skin [[titration]] (Rinkel method), and provocative and neutralization (subcutaneous) testing or sublingual provocation.<ref name="Allergy Diagnosis"/> ===Differential diagnosis=== Before a diagnosis of allergic disease can be confirmed, other possible causes of the presenting symptoms should be considered.<ref>{{EMedicine\|med\|3390\|Allergic and Environmental Asthma}} – Includes discussion of differentials</ref> [[Vasomotor rhinitis]], for example, is one of many illnesses that share symptoms with allergic rhinitis, underscoring the need for professional differential diagnosis.<ref name="pmid16190503"/> Once a diagnosis of [[asthma]], rhinitis, [[anaphylaxis]], or other allergic disease has been made, there are several methods for discovering the causative agent of that allergy. ==Prevention== {{See\|Allergy prevention in children}} Giving peanut products early may decrease the risk allergies while only [[breastfeeding]] during at least the first few months of life may decrease the risk of [[dermatitis]].<ref name=Gre2019>{{cite journal \|last1=Greer \|first1=Frank R. \|last2=Sicherer \|first2=Scott H. \|last3=Burks \|first3=A. Wesley \|title=The Effects of Early Nutritional Interventions on the Development of Atopic Disease in Infants and Children: The Role of Maternal Dietary Restriction, Breastfeeding, Hydrolyzed Formulas, and Timing of Introduction of Allergenic Complementary Foods \|journal=Pediatrics \|date=April 2019 \|volume=143 \|issue=4 \|pages=e20190281 \|doi=10.1542/peds.2019-0281 \|pmid=30886111\|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=Gar2018/> There is no good evidence that a mother's diet during [[pregnancy]] or breastfeeding affects the risk.<ref name=Gre2019/> Nor is there evidence that delayed introduction of certain foods is useful.<ref name=Gre2019/> Early exposure to potential allergens may actually be protective.<ref name="Sic2014" /> Fish oil supplementation during pregnancy is associated with a lower risk.<ref name=Gar2018>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Garcia-Larsen V, Ierodiakonou D, Jarrold K, Cunha S, Chivinge J, Robinson Z, Geoghegan N, Ruparelia A, Devani P, Trivella M, Leonardi-Bee J, Boyle RJ \| title = Diet during pregnancy and infancy and risk of allergic or autoimmune disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis \| journal = PLoS Medicine \| volume = 15 \| issue = 2 \| pages = e1002507 \| date = February 2018 \| pmid = 29489823 \| doi = 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002507 \| pmc=5830033}}</ref> Probiotic supplements during pregnancy or infancy may help to prevent [[atopic dermatitis]].<ref>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Pelucchi C, Chatenoud L, Turati F, Galeone C, Moja L, Bach JF, La Vecchia C \| title = Probiotics supplementation during pregnancy or infancy for the prevention of atopic dermatitis: a meta-analysis \| journal = Epidemiology \| volume = 23 \| issue = 3 \| pages = 402–14 \| date = May 2012 \| pmid = 22441545 \| doi = 10.1097/EDE.0b013e31824d5da2 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Sinn\|first=John KH\|last2=Osborn\|first2=David A.\|date=2007\|title=Prebiotics in infants for prevention of allergy and food hypersensitivity\|journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews\|language=en\|issue=2\|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD006474\|issn=1465-1858}}</ref> ==Management== Management of allergies typically involves avoiding what triggers the allergy and medications to improve the symptoms.<ref name=NIH2015Imm/> [[Allergen immunotherapy]] may be useful for some types of allergies.<ref name=NIH2015Imm/> ===Medication=== Several medications may be used to block the action of allergic mediators, or to prevent activation of cells and [[degranulation]] processes. These include [[antihistamine]]s, [[glucocorticoid]]s, [[epinephrine]] (adrenaline), [[mast cell stabilizer]]s, and [[antileukotriene agent]]s are common treatments of allergic diseases.<ref name="MCAS">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Frieri M \| title = Mast Cell Activation Syndrome \| journal = Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology \| volume = 54 \| issue = 3 \| pages = 353–65 \| date = June 2018 \| pmid = 25944644 \| doi = 10.1007/s12016-015-8487-6 }}</ref> [[Anticholinergic\|Anti-cholinergics]], [[decongestant]]s, and other compounds thought to impair [[eosinophil]] [[chemotaxis]], are also commonly used. Although rare, the severity of [[anaphylaxis]] often requires [[epinephrine]] injection, and where medical care is unavailable, a device known as an [[epinephrine autoinjector]] may be used.<ref name=tang03/> ===Immunotherapy=== {{main\|Allergen immunotherapy}} [[File:Anti-Allergy Immunotherapy.jpg\|thumb\|Anti-allergy immunotherapy]] Allergen [[immunotherapy]] is useful for environmental allergies, allergies to insect bites, and asthma.<ref name=NIH2015Imm/><ref name=Abra2010/> Its benefit for food allergies is unclear and thus not recommended.<ref name=NIH2015Imm/> Immunotherapy involves exposing people to larger and larger amounts of allergen in an effort to change the immune system's response.<ref name=NIH2015Imm/> Meta-analyses have found that injections of allergens under the skin is effective in the treatment in allergic rhinitis in children<ref name="Penagos06">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Penagos M, Compalati E, Tarantini F, Baena-Cagnani R, Huerta J, Passalacqua G, Canonica GW \| title = Efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy in the treatment of allergic rhinitis in pediatric patients 3 to 18 years of age: a meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials \| journal = Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology \| volume = 97 \| issue = 2 \| pages = 141–48 \| date = August 2006 \| pmid = 16937742 \| doi = 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60004-X }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Calderon MA, Alves B, Jacobson M, Hurwitz B, Sheikh A, Durham S \| title = Allergen injection immunotherapy for seasonal allergic rhinitis \| journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews \| issue = 1 \| pages = CD001936 \| date = January 2007 \| pmid = 17253469 \| doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD001936.pub2 \| pmc = 7017974 }}</ref> and in asthma.<ref name=Abra2010>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Abramson MJ, Puy RM, Weiner JM \| title = Injection allergen immunotherapy for asthma \| journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews \| issue = 8 \| pages = CD001186 \| date = August 2010 \| pmid = 20687065 \| doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD001186.pub2 }}</ref> The benefits may last for years after treatment is stopped.<ref name=Canonica09/> It is generally safe and effective for allergic rhinitis and [[Allergic conjunctivitis\|conjunctivitis]], allergic forms of asthma, and stinging insects.<ref name="pmid17803880"/> The evidence also supports the use of [[sublingual immunotherapy]] for rhinitis and asthma but it is less strong.<ref name=Canonica09>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Canonica GW, Bousquet J, Casale T, Lockey RF, Baena-Cagnani CE, Pawankar R, Potter PC, Bousquet PJ, Cox LS, Durham SR, Nelson HS, Passalacqua G, Ryan DP, Brozek JL, Compalati E, Dahl R, Delgado L, van Wijk RG, Gower RG, Ledford DK, Filho NR, Valovirta EJ, Yusuf OM, Zuberbier T, Akhanda W, Almarales RC, Ansotegui I, Bonifazi F, Ceuppens J, Chivato T, Dimova D, Dumitrascu D, Fontana L, Katelaris CH, Kaulsay R, Kuna P, Larenas-Linnemann D, Manoussakis M, Nekam K, Nunes C, O'Hehir R, Olaguibel JM, Onder NB, Park JW, Priftanji A, Puy R, Sarmiento L, Scadding G, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Seberova E, Sepiashvili R, Solé D, Togias A, Tomino C, Toskala E, Van Beever H, Vieths S \| display-authors = 6 \| title = Sub-lingual immunotherapy: World Allergy Organization Position Paper 2009 \| journal = Allergy \| volume = 64 Suppl 91 \| pages = 1–59 \| date = December 2009 \| pmid = 20041860 \| doi = 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02309.x \| url = http://www.worldallergy.org/publications/slit-wao-pp_final.pdf \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111112132041/http://www.worldallergy.org/publications/slit-wao-pp_final.pdf \| url-status = dead \| archive-date = 12 November 2011 }}</ref> For seasonal allergies the benefit is small.<ref>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Di Bona D, Plaia A, Leto-Barone MS, La Piana S, Di Lorenzo G \| title = Efficacy of Grass Pollen Allergen Sublingual Immunotherapy Tablets for Seasonal Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis \| journal = JAMA Internal Medicine \| volume = 175 \| issue = 8 \| pages = 1301–09 \| date = August 2015 \| pmid = 26120825 \| doi = 10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.2840 \| doi-access = free }}</ref> In this form the allergen is given under the tongue and people often prefer it to injections.<ref name=Canonica09/> Immunotherapy is not recommended as a stand-alone treatment for asthma.<ref name=Canonica09/> ===Alternative medicine=== An experimental treatment, [[enzyme potentiated desensitization]] (EPD), has been tried for decades but is not generally accepted as effective.<ref name="pmid15042943"/> EPD uses dilutions of allergen and an enzyme, [[beta-glucuronidase]], to which [[T-lymphocytes, regulatory\|T-regulatory lymphocytes]] are supposed to respond by favoring desensitization, or down-regulation, rather than sensitization. EPD has also been tried for the treatment of [[autoimmune diseases]] but evidence does not show effectiveness.<ref name="pmid15042943" /> A review found no effectiveness of [[homeopathic treatment]]s and no difference compared with [[placebo]]. The authors concluded that, based on rigorous clinical trials of all types of homeopathy for childhood and adolescence ailments, there is no convincing evidence that supports the use of homeopathic treatments.<ref name="pmid17285788"/> According to the [[National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health]], U.S, the evidence is relatively strong that [[saline nasal irrigation]] and [[butterbur]] are effective, when compared to other [[alternative medicine]] treatments, for which the scientific evidence is weak, negative, or nonexistent, such as honey, acupuncture, omega 3's, probiotics, astragalus, capsaicin, grape seed extract, Pycnogenol, quercetin, spirulina, stinging nettle, tinospora or guduchi. <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.webmd.com/allergies/ss/slideshow-natural-relief \|title=Archived copy \|access-date=3 July 2016 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702011133/http://www.webmd.com/allergies/ss/slideshow-natural-relief \|archive-date=2 July 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=https://nccih.nih.gov/health/providers/digest/allergies-science \|title=Archived copy \|access-date=3 July 2016 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160705152320/https://nccih.nih.gov/health/providers/digest/allergies-science \|archive-date=5 July 2016 \|date=11 April 2013 }}</ref> ==Epidemiology== The allergic diseases—hay fever and asthma—have increased in the [[Western world]] over the past 2–3 decades.<ref name="Platts"/> Increases in allergic asthma and other atopic disorders in industrialized nations, it is estimated, began in the 1960s and 1970s, with further increases occurring during the 1980s and 1990s,<ref name=" Bloomfield"/> although some suggest that a steady rise in sensitization has been occurring since the 1920s.<ref name="The allergy epidemic extends beyond the past few decades"/> The number of new cases per year of atopy in developing countries has, in general, remained much lower.<ref name=" Bloomfield"/> {\| class = "wikitable" style = "width:70%; float:center; font-size:90%; margin-left:15px" \|+ Allergic conditions: Statistics and epidemiology \|- ! Allergy type \|\| United States \|\| United Kingdom<ref name="Chapter 4: The Extent and Burden of Allergy in the United Kingdom"/> \|- \| Allergic rhinitis \|\|35.9 million<ref name="AAAAI - rhinitis, sinusitis, hay fever, stuffy nose, watery eyes, sinus infection"/> (about 11% of the population<ref>Based on an estimated population of 303 million in 2007 [https://www.census.gov/population/www/popclockus.html U.S. POPClock] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516231727/http://www.census.gov/population/www/popclockus.html \|date=16 May 2012 }}. U.S. Census Bureau.</ref>)\|\|3.3 million (about 5.5% of the population<ref>Based on an estimated population of 60.6 million [http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=6 UK population grows to 60.6 million] {{webarchive\|url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20021202165044/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=6 \|date=2 December 2002 }}</ref>) \|- \| Asthma \|\|10 million have allergic asthma (about 3% of the population). The prevalence of asthma increased 75% from 1980 to 1994. Asthma prevalence is 39% higher in [[African American]]s than in [[Ethnic groups in Europe\|Europeans]].<ref name="AAAAI - asthma, allergy, allergies, prevention of allergies and asthma, treatment for allergies and asthma"/> \|\| 5.7 million (about 9.4%). In six- and seven-year-olds asthma increased from 18.4% to 20.9% over five years, during the same time the rate decreased from 31% to 24.7% in 13- to 14-year-olds. \|- \| Atopic eczema \|\|About 9% of the population. Between 1960 and 1990, prevalence has increased from 3% to 10% in children.<ref name="AAAAI - skin condition, itchy skin, bumps, red irritated skin, allergic reaction, treating skin condition"/>\|\| 5.8 million (about 1% severe). \|- \| Anaphylaxis \|\| At least 40 deaths per year due to insect venom. About 400 deaths due to penicillin anaphylaxis. About 220 cases of anaphylaxis and 3 deaths per year are due to latex allergy.<ref name="AAAAI - anaphylaxis, cause of anaphylaxis, prevention, allergist, anaphylaxis statistics"/> An estimated 150 people die annually from anaphylaxis due to food allergy.<ref name=Food/>\|\| Between 1999 and 2006, 48 deaths occurred in people ranging from five months to 85 years old. \|- \| Insect venom \|\|Around 15% of adults have mild, localized allergic reactions. Systemic reactions occur in 3% of adults and less than 1% of children.<ref name="AAAAI - stinging insect, allergic reaction to bug bite, treatment for insect bite"/>\|\| Unknown \|- \| Drug allergies \|\| Anaphylactic reactions to penicillin cause 400 deaths per year. \|\| Unknown \|- \| Food allergies \|\|About 6% of US children under age 3 and 3.5–4% of the overall US population.{{Citation needed\|date=December 2008}} Peanut and/or tree nut (e.g. [[walnut]]) allergy affects about three million Americans, or 1.1% of the population.<ref name="Food"/> \|\|5–7% of infants and 1–2% of adults. A 117.3% increase in peanut allergies was observed from 2001 to 2005, an estimated 25,700 people in England are affected. \|- \| Multiple allergies (Asthma, eczema and allergic rhinitis together) \|\|Unknown \|\|2.3 million (about 3.7%), prevalence has increased by 48.9% between 2001 and 2005.<ref name="Incidence and prevalence of multiple allergic disorders recorded in a national primary care database"/> \|} ===Changing frequency=== Although genetic factors govern susceptibility to atopic disease, increases in [[atopy]] have occurred within too short a time frame to be explained by a genetic change in the population, thus pointing to environmental or lifestyle changes.<ref name=" Bloomfield"/> Several hypotheses have been identified to explain this increased rate; increased exposure to perennial allergens due to housing changes and increasing time spent indoors, and changes in cleanliness or hygiene that have resulted in the decreased activation of a common immune control mechanism, coupled with dietary changes, obesity and decline in physical exercise.<ref name=Platts/> The [[hygiene hypothesis]] maintains<ref name="Hay fever, hygiene, and household size"/> that high living standards and hygienic conditions exposes children to fewer infections. It is thought that reduced bacterial and viral infections early in life direct the maturing immune system away from [[T helper cell\|T<sub>H</sub>]]1 type responses, leading to unrestrained T<sub>H</sub>2 responses that allow for an increase in allergy.<ref name=Yazdanbakhsh02/><ref name="Renz"/> Changes in rates and types of infection alone however, have been unable to explain the observed increase in allergic disease, and recent evidence has focused attention on the importance of the [[Gut flora\|gastrointestinal microbial environment]]. Evidence has shown that exposure to food and [[fecal-oral route\|fecal-oral]] pathogens, such as [[hepatitis A]], ''[[Toxoplasma gondii]]'', and ''[[Helicobacter pylori]]'' (which also tend to be more prevalent in developing countries), can reduce the overall risk of atopy by more than 60%,<ref name="Exposure to foodborne and orofecal microbes versus airborne viruses in relation to atopy and allergic asthma: epidemiological study"/> and an increased rate of parasitic infections has been associated with a decreased prevalence of asthma.<ref name="Parasites and asthma--predictive or protective?"/> It is speculated that these infections exert their effect by critically altering T<sub>H</sub>1/T<sub>H</sub>2 regulation.<ref name=" Sheikh" /> Important elements of newer hygiene hypotheses also include exposure to [[endotoxin]]s, exposure to [[pet]]s and growing up on a farm.<ref name=" Sheikh"/> ==History== Some symptoms attributable to allergic diseases are mentioned in ancient sources.<ref name="aai">{{Cite journal \| url =https://aai.org.tr/index.php/aai/article/download/406/321 \|title=Were Allergic Diseases Prevalent in Antiquity?\|author1=Kürşat Epöztürk \|author2=Şefik Görkey\|journal=Asthma Allergy Immunol\| doi=10.21911/aai.406\|date=2018\| access-date =22 September 2018\|doi-access=free}}</ref> Particularly, three members of the Roman [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]] ([[Augustus]], [[Claudius]] and [[Britannicus]]) are suspected to have a family history of [[atopy]].<ref name="aai"/><ref>{{cite journal \|title=1st description of an "atopic family anamnesis" in the Julio-Claudian imperial house: Augustus, Claudius, Britannicus\|author=Ring J.\|pmid=3899999\| date=August 1985\| volume=36\|issue = 8\| journal=Hautarzt\| pages=470–71}}</ref> The concept of "allergy" was originally introduced in 1906 by the [[Vienna, Austria\|Viennese]] [[pediatrician]] [[Clemens von Pirquet]], after he noticed that patients who had received injections of horse serum or smallpox vaccine usually had quicker, more severe reactions to second injections.<ref>{{WhoNamedIt\|Doctor\|2382\|Clemens Peter Pirquet von Cesenatico}}</ref> Pirquet called this phenomenon "allergy" from the [[Ancient Greek language\|Ancient Greek]] words [[wikt:ἄλλος\|ἄλλος]] ''allos'' meaning "other" and [[wikt:ἔργον\|ἔργον]] ''ergon'' meaning "work".<ref name="Allergie"/> All forms of hypersensitivity used to be classified as allergies, and all were thought to be caused by an improper activation of the immune system. Later, it became clear that several different [[disease]] mechanisms were implicated, with the common link to a disordered activation of the immune system. In 1963, a new classification scheme was designed by [[Philip George Houthem Gell\|Philip Gell]] and [[Robin Coombs]] that described four types of [[hypersensitivities\|hypersensitivity reactions]], known as Type I to Type IV hypersensitivity.<ref name="GellCoombs"/> With this new classification, the word ''allergy'', sometimes clarified as a '''true allergy''', was restricted to type I hypersensitivities (also called immediate hypersensitivity), which are characterized as rapidly developing reactions involving IgE antibodies.<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sXagBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA361\|title=The Complement System: Novel Roles in Health and Disease\|last=Szebeni\|first=Janos\|date=8 May 2007\|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media\|isbn=978-1-4020-8056-2\|pages=361\|language=en}}</ref> A major breakthrough in understanding the mechanisms of allergy was the discovery of the antibody class labeled [[immunoglobulin E]] (IgE). IgE was simultaneously discovered in 1966–67 by two independent groups:<ref>{{cite journal \|author=Stanworth DR \|year=1993 \|title=The discovery of IgE \|journal=Allergy \|volume=48 \|issue= 2\|pages=67–71 \|doi=10.1111/j.1398-9995.1993.tb00687.x \|pmid=8457034 }}</ref> [[Kimishige Ishizaka\|Ishizaka]]'s team at the Children's Asthma Research Institute and Hospital in Denver, Colorado,<ref name="Ishizaka K"/> and by Gunnar Johansson and Hans Bennich in Uppsala, Sweden.<ref>Johansson SG, Bennich H. Immunological studies of an atypical (myeloma) immunoglobulin" ''Immunology'' 1967; 13:381–94.</ref> Their joint paper was published in April 1969.<ref name="Joint paper 1969">{{cite journal \|title=Histamine Release from Human Leukocytes by Anti-λE Antibodies \|journal=Journal of Immunology \|date=1 April 1969 \|last=Ishizaka \|first=Teruko \|last2=Ishizaka \|first2=Kimishige \|last3=Johansson \|first3=S. Gunnar O. \|last4=Bennich \|first4=Hans \|volume=102 \|issue=4 \|pages=884–92 \|url=http://www.jimmunol.org/content/102/4/884.abstract \|access-date=29 February 2016}}</ref> ===Diagnosis=== Radiometric assays include the [[radioallergosorbent test]] (RAST test) method, which uses IgE-binding (anti-IgE) antibodies labeled with [[radioactive isotope]]s for quantifying the levels of IgE antibody in the blood.<ref name="pmid7630219">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Ten RM, Klein JS, Frigas E \| title = Allergy skin testing \| journal = Mayo Clinic Proceedings \| volume = 70 \| issue = 8 \| pages = 783–84 \| date = August 1995 \| pmid = 7630219 \| doi = 10.4065/70.8.783 \| url = http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196(11)64353-X/abstract }}</ref> Other newer methods use colorimetric or fluorescence-labeled technology in the place of radioactive isotopes.{{citation needed\|date=April 2014}} The RAST methodology was invented and marketed in 1974 by Pharmacia Diagnostics AB, Uppsala, Sweden, and the acronym RAST is actually a brand name. In 1989, Pharmacia Diagnostics AB replaced it with a superior test named the ImmunoCAP Specific IgE blood test, which uses the newer fluorescence-labeled technology.{{citation needed\|date=April 2014}} [[American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology\|American College of Allergy Asthma and Immunology]] (ACAAI) and the [[American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology\|American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology]] (AAAAI) issued the Joint Task Force Report "Pearls and pitfalls of allergy diagnostic testing" in 2008, and is firm in its statement that the term RAST is now obsolete: {{quote\|The term RAST became a colloquialism for all varieties of (in vitro allergy) tests. This is unfortunate because it is well recognized that there are well-performing tests and some that do not perform so well, yet they are all called RASTs, making it difficult to distinguish which is which. For these reasons, it is now recommended that use of RAST as a generic descriptor of these tests be abandoned.<ref name="Cox2008" />}} The new version, the ImmunoCAP Specific IgE blood test, is the only specific IgE assay to receive [[Food and Drug Administration]] approval to quantitatively report to its detection limit of 0.1kU/l.{{citation needed\|date=April 2014}} ==Medical specialty== An allergist is a physician specially trained to manage and treat allergies, [[asthma]] and the other allergic diseases. In the United States physicians holding certification by the [[American Board of Allergy and Immunology]] (ABAI) have successfully completed an accredited educational program and evaluation process, including a proctored examination to demonstrate knowledge, skills, and experience in patient care in allergy and immunology.<ref name="ABAI: American Board of Allergy and Immunology"/> Becoming an allergist/immunologist requires completion of at least nine years of training. After completing medical school and graduating with a medical degree, a physician will undergo three years of training in [[internal medicine]] (to become an internist) or [[pediatrics]] (to become a pediatrician). Once physicians have finished training in one of these specialties, they must pass the exam of either the [[American Board of Pediatrics]] (ABP), the [[American Osteopathic Board of Pediatrics]] (AOBP), the [[American Board of Internal Medicine]] (ABIM), or the [[American Osteopathic Board of Internal Medicine]] (AOBIM). Internists or pediatricians wishing to focus on the sub-specialty of allergy-immunology then complete at least an additional two years of study, called a fellowship, in an allergy/immunology training program. Allergist/immunologists listed as ABAI-certified have successfully passed the certifying examination of the ABAI following their fellowship.<ref name="AAAAI - What is an Allergist?"/> In the United Kingdom, allergy is a subspecialty of [[general medicine]] or [[pediatrics]]. After obtaining postgraduate exams ([[Membership of the Royal College of Physicians\|MRCP]] or [[Membership of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health\|MRCPCH]]), a doctor works for several years as a [[specialist registrar]] before qualifying for the [[General Medical Council]] specialist register. Allergy services may also be delivered by [[immunologist]]s. A 2003 [[Royal College of Physicians]] report presented a case for improvement of what were felt to be inadequate allergy services in the UK.<ref>Royal College of Physicians (2003). ''Allergy: the unmet need''. London: Royal College of Physicians. {{ISBN\|978-1-86016-183-4}}. [http://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/pubs/contents/81e384d6-0328-4653-9cc2-2aa7baa3c56a.pdf PDF version] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071128175524/http://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/pubs/contents/81e384d6-0328-4653-9cc2-2aa7baa3c56a.pdf \|date=28 November 2007 }} (1.03 MB)</ref> In 2006, the [[House of Lords]] convened a subcommittee. It concluded likewise in 2007 that allergy services were insufficient to deal with what the Lords referred to as an "allergy epidemic" and its social cost; it made several recommendations.<ref name="Allergy - HL 166-I, 6th Report of Session 2006-07 - Volume 1: Report"/> ==Research== Low-allergen foods are being developed, as are improvements in skin prick test predictions; evaluation of the [[atopy]] patch test; in wasp sting outcomes predictions and a rapidly disintegrating epinephrine tablet, and anti-[[Interleukin 5\|IL-5]] for eosinophilic diseases.<ref name="Advances in allergic skin disease, anaphylaxis, and hypersensitivity reactions to foods, drugs, and insects"/> [[Aerobiology]] is the study of the biological particles passively dispersed through the air. One aim is the prevention of allergies due to pollen.<ref name="(Galán et al., 2014)">Galán, C., Smith, M., Thibaudon, M., Frenguelli, G., Oteros, J., Gehrig, R., ... & EAS QC Working Group. (2014). Pollen monitoring: minimum requirements and reproducibility of analysis. Aerobiologia, 30(4), 385–395.</ref><ref>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Oteros J, Galán C, Alcázar P, Domínguez-Vilches E \| title = Quality control in bio-monitoring networks, Spanish Aerobiology Network \| journal = The Science of the Total Environment \| volume = 443 \| pages = 559–65 \| date = January 2013 \| pmid = 23220389 \| doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.11.040 }}</ref> == See also == * [[List of allergens]] * [[Allergic shiner]] * [[Histamine intolerance]] * [[Oral allergy syndrome]] == References == {{reflist\|32em\|refs= <ref name=" Bloomfield">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Bloomfield SF, Stanwell-Smith R, Crevel RW, Pickup J \| title = Too clean, or not too clean: the hygiene hypothesis and home hygiene \| journal = Clinical and Experimental Allergy \| volume = 36 \| issue = 4 \| pages = 402–25 \| date = April 2006 \| pmid = 16630145 \| pmc = 1448690 \| doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2006.02463.x }}</ref> <ref name=" Sheikh">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Sheikh A, Strachan DP \| title = The hygiene theory: fact or fiction? \| journal = Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery \| volume = 12 \| issue = 3 \| pages = 232–36 \| date = June 2004 \| pmid = 15167035 \| doi = 10.1097/01.moo.0000122311.13359.30 }}</ref> <ref name="AAAAI - anaphylaxis, cause of anaphylaxis, prevention, allergist, anaphylaxis statistics">{{cite web \|url=http://www.aaaai.org/patients/gallery/anaphylaxis.asp?item=1a \|title=AAAAI – anaphylaxis, cause of anaphylaxis, prevention, allergist, anaphylaxis statistics \|access-date=3 December 2007 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130155003/http://www.aaaai.org/patients/gallery/anaphylaxis.asp?item=1a \|archive-date=30 November 2010 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="A meta-analysis of the association between Caesarean section and childhood asthma">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Thavagnanam S, Fleming J, Bromley A, Shields MD, Cardwell CR \| title = A meta-analysis of the association between Caesarean section and childhood asthma \| journal = Clinical and Experimental Allergy \| volume = 38 \| issue = 4 \| pages = 629–33 \| date = April 2008 \| pmid = 18352976 \| doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.02780.x }}</ref> <ref name="AAAAI - What is an Allergist?">{{cite web\|url=http://www.aaaai.org/media/resources/allergist.asp \|title=AAAAI – What is an Allergist? \|access-date=5 August 2007 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130000642/http://www.aaaai.org/media/resources/allergist.asp \|archive-date=30 November 2010 \|url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="AAAAI - asthma, allergy, allergies, prevention of allergies and asthma, treatment for allergies and asthma">{{cite web \|url=http://www.aaaai.org/patients/gallery/prevention.asp?item=1a \|title=AAAAI – asthma, allergy, allergies, prevention of allergies and asthma, treatment for allergies and asthma \|access-date=3 December 2007 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718174927/http://www.aaaai.org/patients/gallery/prevention.asp?item=1a \|archive-date=18 July 2011 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="AAAAI - rhinitis, sinusitis, hay fever, stuffy nose, watery eyes, sinus infection">{{cite web \|url=http://www.aaaai.org/patients/gallery/rhinitissinusitis.asp?item=1a \|title=AAAAI – rhinitis, sinusitis, hay fever, stuffy nose, watery eyes, sinus infection \|access-date=3 December 2007 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718174853/http://www.aaaai.org/patients/gallery/rhinitissinusitis.asp?item=1a \|archive-date=18 July 2011 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="AAAAI - 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Retrieved 6 July 2008.</ref> <ref name="pmid12911420">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Kerkhof M, Dubois AE, Postma DS, Schouten JP, de Monchy JG \| title = Role and interpretation of total serum IgE measurements in the diagnosis of allergic airway disease in adults \| journal = Allergy \| volume = 58 \| issue = 9 \| pages = 905–11 \| date = September 2003 \| pmid = 12911420 \| doi = 10.1034/j.1398-9995.2003.00230.x }}</ref> <ref name="pmid15042943">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Terr AI \| title = Unproven and controversial forms of immunotherapy \| journal = Clinical Allergy and Immunology \| volume = 18 \| pages = 703–10 \| year = 2004 \| pmid = 15042943 }}</ref> <!-- Unused citation <ref name="pmid16047713">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Vidal C, Gude F, Boquete O \|title=Evaluation of the phadiatop test in the diagnosis of allergic sensitization in a general adult population \|journal=Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology \|volume=15 \|issue=2 \|pages=124–30 \|year=2005 \|pmid=16047713 \|display-authors=etal}}</ref> --> <ref name="pmid16164451">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Verstege A, Mehl A, Rolinck-Werninghaus C, Staden U, Nocon M, Beyer K, Niggemann B \| title = The predictive value of the skin prick test weal size for the outcome of oral food challenges \| journal = Clinical and Experimental Allergy \| volume = 35 \| issue = 9 \| pages = 1220–26 \| date = September 2005 \| pmid = 16164451 \| doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.2324.x \| display-authors = etal }}</ref> <ref name="pmid16190503">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Wheeler PW, Wheeler SF \| title = Vasomotor rhinitis \| journal = American Family Physician \| volume = 72 \| issue = 6 \| pages = 1057–62 \| date = September 2005 \| pmid = 16190503 \| url = http://www.aafp.org/afp/20050915/1057.html \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080821193716/http://www.aafp.org/afp/20050915/1057.html \| url-status = dead \| archive-date = 21 August 2008 }}</ref> <ref name="pmid17285788">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Altunç U, Pittler MH, Ernst E \| title = Homeopathy for childhood and adolescence ailments: systematic review of randomized clinical trials \| journal = Mayo Clinic Proceedings \| volume = 82 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 69–75 \| date = January 2007 \| pmid = 17285788 \| doi = 10.4065/82.1.69 \| citeseerx = 10.1.1.456.5352 }}</ref> <ref name="pmid17326711">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Addo-Yobo EO, Woodcock A, Allotey A, Baffoe-Bonnie B, Strachan D, Custovic A \| title = Exercise-induced bronchospasm and atopy in Ghana: two surveys ten years apart \| journal = PLoS Medicine \| volume = 4 \| issue = 2 \| pages = e70 \| date = February 2007 \| pmid = 17326711 \| pmc = 1808098 \| doi = 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040070 }}</ref> <ref name="pmid17382394">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Emanuelsson C, Spangfort MD \| title = Allergens as eukaryotic proteins lacking bacterial homologues \| journal = Molecular Immunology \| volume = 44 \| issue = 12 \| pages = 3256–60 \| date = May 2007 \| pmid = 17382394 \| doi = 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.01.019 }}</ref> <ref name="pmid17803880">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Rank MA, Li JT \| title = Allergen immunotherapy \| journal = Mayo Clinic Proceedings \| volume = 82 \| issue = 9 \| pages = 1119–23 \| date = September 2007 \| pmid = 17803880 \| doi = 10.4065/82.9.1119 \| doi-access = free }}</ref> <ref name="rusznak98">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Rusznak C, Davies RJ \| title = ABC of allergies. Diagnosing allergy \| journal = BMJ \| volume = 316 \| issue = 7132 \| pages = 686–89 \| date = February 1998 \| pmid = 9522798 \| pmc = 1112683 \| doi = 10.1136/bmj.316.7132.686 }}</ref> <ref name="tang03">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Tang AW \| title = A practical guide to anaphylaxis \| journal = American Family Physician \| volume = 68 \| issue = 7 \| pages = 1325–32 \| date = October 2003 \| pmid = 14567487 }}</ref> }} == External links == {{Medical resources \| DiseasesDB = 33481 \| ICD10 = {{ICD10\|T\|78\|4\|t\|66}} \| ICD9 = {{ICD9\|995.3}} \| MedlinePlus = 000812 \| eMedicineSubj = med \| eMedicineTopic = 1101 \| MeshID = D006967 }} {{Commons category\|Allergies}} {{Wikivoyage\|Allergies\|Allergies\|travel information}} * {{curlie\|Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Allergies/}} * {{cite web \| url = https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html \| publisher = U.S. National Library of Medicine \| work = MedlinePlus \| title = Allergy }} {{Allergic conditions}} {{Consequences of external causes}} {{Hypersensitivity and autoimmune diseases}} {{Portal bar\|Biology\|Medicine}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Allergology\| ]] [[Category:Effects of external causes]] [[Category:Immunology]] [[Category:Respiratory diseases]] [[Category:Immune system]] [[Category:Immune system disorders]] [[Category:Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate]] [[Category:RTTEM]]'
New page wikitext, after the edit (`new_wikitext`)	'{{short description\|Immune system response to a substance that most people tolerate well}} {{For\|the medical journal of this title\|Allergy (journal)}} {{Use dmy dates\|date=January 2020}} {{Infobox medical condition (new) \| name = Allergy \| synonyms = \| image = Hives2010.JPG \| caption = [[Hives]] are a common allergic symptom \| field = [[Immunology]] \| symptoms = [[allergic conjunctivitis\|Red eyes]], itchy rash, [[rhinorrhea\|runny nose]], [[shortness of breath]], swelling, [[sneezing]]<ref name=NIH2015Sym/> \| complications =Bee Movie Script - Dialogue Transcript According to all known laws of aviation, there is no way a bee should be able to fly. Its wings are too small to get its fat little body off the ground. The bee, of course, flies anyway because bees don't care what humans think is impossible. Yellow, black. Yellow, black. Yellow, black. Yellow, black. Ooh, black and yellow! Let's shake it up a little. Barry! Breakfast is ready! Ooming! Hang on a second. Hello? - Barry? - Adam? - Oan you believe this is happening? - I can't. I'll pick you up. Looking sharp. Use the stairs. Your father paid good money for those. Sorry. I'm excited. Here's the graduate. We're very proud of you, son. A perfect report card, all B's. Very proud. Ma! I got a thing going here. - You got lint on your fuzz. - Ow! That's me! - Wave to us! We'll be in row 118,000. - Bye! Barry, I told you, stop flying in the house! - Hey, Adam. - Hey, Barry. - Is that fuzz gel? - A little. Special day, graduation. Never thought I'd make it. Three days grade school, three days high school. Those were awkward. Three days college. I'm glad I took a day and hitchhiked around the hive. You did come back different. - Hi, Barry. - Artie, growing a mustache? Looks good. - Hear about Frankie? - Yeah. - You going to the funeral? - No, I'm not going. Everybody knows, sting someone, you die. Don't waste it on a squirrel. Such a hothead. I guess he could have just gotten out of the way. I love this incorporating an amusement park into our day. That's why we don't need vacations. Boy, quite a bit of pomp... under the circumstances. - Well, Adam, today we are men. - We are! - Bee-men. - Amen! Hallelujah! Students, faculty, distinguished bees, please welcome Dean Buzzwell. Welcome, New Hive Oity graduating class of... ...9:15. That concludes our ceremonies. And begins your career at Honex Industries! Will we pick ourjob today? I heard it's just orientation. Heads up! Here we go. Keep your hands and antennas inside the tram at all times. - Wonder what it'll be like? - A little scary. Welcome to Honex, a division of Honesco and a part of the Hexagon Group. This is it! Wow. Wow. We know that you, as a bee, have worked your whole life to get to the point where you can work for your whole life. Honey begins when our valiant Pollen Jocks bring the nectar to the hive. Our top-secret formula is automatically color-corrected, scent-adjusted and bubble-contoured into this soothing sweet syrup with its distinctive golden glow you know as... Honey! - That girl was hot. - She's my cousin! - She is? - Yes, we're all cousins. - Right. You're right. - At Honex, we constantly strive to improve every aspect of bee existence. These bees are stress-testing a new helmet technology. - What do you think he makes? - Not enough. Here we have our latest advancement, the Krelman. - What does that do? - Oatches that little strand of honey that hangs after you pour it. Saves us millions. Oan anyone work on the Krelman? Of course. Most bee jobs are small ones. But bees know that every small job, if it's done well, means a lot. But choose carefully because you'll stay in the job you pick for the rest of your life. The same job the rest of your life? I didn't know that. What's the difference? You'll be happy to know that bees, as a species, haven't had one day off in 27 million years. So you'll just work us to death? We'll sure try. Wow! That blew my mind! "What's the difference?" How can you say that? One job forever? That's an insane choice to have to make. I'm relieved. Now we only have to make one decision in life. But, Adam, how could they never have told us that? Why would you question anything? We're bees. We're the most perfectly functioning society on Earth. You ever think maybe things work a little too well here? Like what? Give me one example. I don't know. But you know what I'm talking about. Please clear the gate. Royal Nectar Force on approach. Wait a second. Oheck it out. - Hey, those are Pollen Jocks! - Wow. I've never seen them this close. They know what it's like outside the hive. Yeah, but some don't come back. - Hey, Jocks! - Hi, Jocks! You guys did great! You're monsters! You're sky freaks! I love it! I love it! - I wonder where they were. - I don't know. Their day's not planned. Outside the hive, flying who knows where, doing who knows what. You can'tjust decide to be a Pollen Jock. You have to be bred for that. Right. Look. That's more pollen than you and I will see in a lifetime. It's just a status symbol. Bees make too much of it. Perhaps. Unless you're wearing it and the ladies see you wearing it. Those ladies? Aren't they our cousins too? Distant. Distant. Look at these two. - Oouple of Hive Harrys. - Let's have fun with them. It must be dangerous being a Pollen Jock. Yeah. Once a bear pinned me against a mushroom! He had a paw on my throat, and with the other, he was slapping me! - Oh, my! - I never thought I'd knock him out. What were you doing during this? Trying to alert the authorities. I can autograph that. A little gusty out there today, wasn't it, comrades? Yeah. Gusty. We're hitting a sunflower patch six miles from here tomorrow. - Six miles, huh? - Barry! A puddle jump for us, but maybe you're not up for it. - Maybe I am. - You are not! We're going 0900 at J-Gate. What do you think, buzzy-boy? Are you bee enough? I might be. It all depends on what 0900 means. Hey, Honex! Dad, you surprised me. You decide what you're interested in? - Well, there's a lot of choices. - But you only get one. Do you ever get bored doing the same job every day? Son, let me tell you about stirring. You grab that stick, and you just move it around, and you stir it around. You get yourself into a rhythm. It's a beautiful thing. You know, Dad, the more I think about it, maybe the honey field just isn't right for me. You were thinking of what, making balloon animals? That's a bad job for a guy with a stinger. Janet, your son's not sure he wants to go into honey! - Barry, you are so funny sometimes. - I'm not trying to be funny. You're not funny! You're going into honey. Our son, the stirrer! - You're gonna be a stirrer? - No one's listening to me! Wait till you see the sticks I have. I could say anything right now. I'm gonna get an ant tattoo! Let's open some honey and celebrate! Maybe I'll pierce my thorax. Shave my antennae. Shack up with a grasshopper. Get a gold tooth and call everybody "dawg"! I'm so proud. - We're starting work today! - Today's the day. Oome on! All the good jobs will be gone. Yeah, right. Pollen counting, stunt bee, pouring, stirrer, front desk, hair removal... - Is it still available? - Hang on. Two left! One of them's yours! Oongratulations! Step to the side. - What'd you get? - Picking crud out. Stellar! Wow! Oouple of newbies? Yes, sir! Our first day! We are ready! Make your choice. - You want to go first? - No, you go. Oh, my. What's available? Restroom attendant's open, not for the reason you think. - Any chance of getting the Krelman? - Sure, you're on. I'm sorry, the Krelman just closed out. Wax monkey's always open. The Krelman opened up again. What happened? A bee died. Makes an opening. See? He's dead. Another dead one. Deady. Deadified. Two more dead. Dead from the neck up. Dead from the neck down. That's life! Oh, this is so hard! Heating, cooling, stunt bee, pourer, stirrer, humming, inspector number seven, lint coordinator, stripe supervisor, mite wrangler. Barry, what do you think I should... Barry? Barry! All right, we've got the sunflower patch in quadrant nine... What happened to you? Where are you? - I'm going out. - Out? Out where? - Out there. - Oh, no! I have to, before I go to work for the rest of my life. You're gonna die! You're crazy! Hello? Another call coming in. If anyone's feeling brave, there's a Korean deli on 83rd that gets their roses today. Hey, guys. - Look at that. - Isn't that the kid we saw yesterday? Hold it, son, flight deck's restricted. It's OK, Lou. We're gonna take him up. Really? Feeling lucky, are you? Sign here, here. Just initial that. - Thank you. - OK. You got a rain advisory today, and as you all know, bees cannot fly in rain. So be careful. As always, watch your brooms, hockey sticks, dogs, birds, bears and bats. Also, I got a couple of reports of root beer being poured on us. Murphy's in a home because of it, babbling like a cicada! - That's awful. - And a reminder for you rookies, bee law number one, absolutely no talking to humans! All right, launch positions! Buzz, buzz, buzz, buzz! Buzz, buzz, buzz, buzz! Buzz, buzz, buzz, buzz! Black and yellow! Hello! You ready for this, hot shot? Yeah. Yeah, bring it on. Wind, check. - Antennae, check. - Nectar pack, check. - Wings, check. - Stinger, check. Scared out of my shorts, check. OK, ladies, let's move it out! Pound those petunias, you striped stem-suckers! All of you, drain those flowers! Wow! I'm out! I can't believe I'm out! So blue. I feel so fast and free! Box kite! Wow! Flowers! This is Blue Leader. We have roses visual. Bring it around 30 degrees and hold. Roses! 30 degrees, roger. Bringing it around. Stand to the side, kid. It's got a bit of a kick. That is one nectar collector! - Ever see pollination up close? - No, sir. I pick up some pollen here, sprinkle it over here. Maybe a dash over there, a pinch on that one. See that? It's a little bit of magic. That's amazing. Why do we do that? That's pollen power. More pollen, more flowers, more nectar, more honey for us. Oool. I'm picking up a lot of bright yellow. Oould be daisies. Don't we need those? Oopy that visual. Wait. One of these flowers seems to be on the move. Say again? You're reporting a moving flower? Affirmative. That was on the line! This is the coolest. What is it? I don't know, but I'm loving this color. It smells good. Not like a flower, but I like it. Yeah, fuzzy. Ohemical-y. Oareful, guys. It's a little grabby. My sweet lord of bees! Oandy-brain, get off there! Problem! - Guys! - This could be bad. Affirmative. Very close. Gonna hurt. Mama's little boy. You are way out of position, rookie! Ooming in at you like a missile! Help me! I don't think these are flowers. - Should we tell him? - I think he knows. What is this?! Match point! You can start packing up, honey, because you're about to eat it! Yowser! Gross. There's a bee in the car! - Do something! - I'm driving! - Hi, bee. - He's back here! He's going to sting me! Nobody move. If you don't move, he won't sting you. Freeze! He blinked! Spray him, Granny! What are you doing?! Wow... the tension level out here is unbelievable. I gotta get home. Oan't fly in rain. Oan't fly in rain. Oan't fly in rain. Mayday! Mayday! Bee going down! Ken, could you close the window please? Ken, could you close the window please? Oheck out my new resume. I made it into a fold-out brochure. You see? Folds out. Oh, no. More humans. I don't need this. What was that? Maybe this time. This time. This time. This time! This time! This... Drapes! That is diabolical. It's fantastic. It's got all my special skills, even my top-ten favorite movies. What's number one? Star Wars? Nah, I don't go for that... ...kind of stuff. No wonder we shouldn't talk to them. They're out of their minds. When I leave a job interview, they're flabbergasted, can't believe what I say. There's the sun. Maybe that's a way out. I don't remember the sun having a big 75 on it. I predicted global warming. I could feel it getting hotter. At first I thought it was just me. Wait! Stop! Bee! Stand back. These are winter boots. Wait! Don't kill him! You know I'm allergic to them! This thing could kill me! Why does his life have less value than yours? Why does his life have any less value than mine? Is that your statement? I'm just saying all life has value. You don't know what he's capable of feeling. My brochure! There you go, little guy. I'm not scared of him. It's an allergic thing. Put that on your resume brochure. My whole face could puff up. Make it one of your special skills. Knocking someone out is also a special skill. Right. Bye, Vanessa. Thanks. - Vanessa, next week? Yogurt night? - Sure, Ken. You know, whatever. - You could put carob chips on there. - Bye. - Supposed to be less calories. - Bye. I gotta say something. She saved my life. I gotta say something. All right, here it goes. Nah. What would I say? I could really get in trouble. It's a bee law. You're not supposed to talk to a human. I can't believe I'm doing this. I've got to. Oh, I can't do it. Oome on! No. Yes. No. Do it. I can't. How should I start it? "You like jazz?" No, that's no good. Here she comes! Speak, you fool! Hi! I'm sorry. - You're talking. - Yes, I know. You're talking! I'm so sorry. No, it's OK. It's fine. I know I'm dreaming. But I don't recall going to bed. Well, I'm sure this is very disconcerting. This is a bit of a surprise to me. I mean, you're a bee! I am. And I'm not supposed to be doing this, but they were all trying to kill me. And if it wasn't for you... I had to thank you. It's just how I was raised. That was a little weird. - I'm talking with a bee. - Yeah. I'm talking to a bee. And the bee is talking to me! I just want to say I'm grateful. I'll leave now. - Wait! How did you learn to do that? - What? The talking thing. Same way you did, I guess. "Mama, Dada, honey." You pick it up. - That's very funny. - Yeah. Bees are funny. If we didn't laugh, we'd cry with what we have to deal with. Anyway... Oan I... ...get you something? - Like what? I don't know. I mean... I don't know. Ooffee? I don't want to put you out. It's no trouble. It takes two minutes. - It's just coffee. - I hate to impose. - Don't be ridiculous! - Actually, I would love a cup. Hey, you want rum cake? - I shouldn't. - Have some. - No, I can't. - Oome on! I'm trying to lose a couple micrograms. - Where? - These stripes don't help. You look great! I don't know if you know anything about fashion. Are you all right? No. He's making the tie in the cab as they're flying up Madison. He finally gets there. He runs up the steps into the church. The wedding is on. And he says, "Watermelon? I thought you said Guatemalan. Why would I marry a watermelon?" Is that a bee joke? That's the kind of stuff we do. Yeah, different. So, what are you gonna do, Barry? About work? I don't know. I want to do my part for the hive, but I can't do it the way they want. I know how you feel. - You do? - Sure. My parents wanted me to be a lawyer or a doctor, but I wanted to be a florist. - Really? - My only interest is flowers. Our new queen was just elected with that same campaign slogan. Anyway, if you look... There's my hive right there. See it? You're in Sheep Meadow! Yes! I'm right off the Turtle Pond! No way! I know that area. I lost a toe ring there once. - Why do girls put rings on their toes? - Why not? - It's like putting a hat on your knee. - Maybe I'll try that. - You all right, ma'am? - Oh, yeah. Fine. Just having two cups of coffee! Anyway, this has been great. Thanks for the coffee. Yeah, it's no trouble. Sorry I couldn't finish it. If I did, I'd be up the rest of my life. Are you...? Oan I take a piece of this with me? Sure! Here, have a crumb. - Thanks! - Yeah. All right. Well, then... I guess I'll see you around. Or not. OK, Barry. And thank you so much again... for before. Oh, that? That was nothing. Well, not nothing, but... Anyway... This can't possibly work. He's all set to go. We may as well try it. OK, Dave, pull the chute. - Sounds amazing. - It was amazing! It was the scariest, happiest moment of my life. Humans! I can't believe you were with humans! Giant, scary humans! What were they like? Huge and crazy. They talk crazy. They eat crazy giant things. They drive crazy. - Do they try and kill you, like on TV? - Some of them. But some of them don't. - How'd you get back? - Poodle. You did it, and I'm glad. You saw whatever you wanted to see. You had your "experience." Now you can pick out yourjob and be normal. - Well... - Well? Well, I met someone. You did? Was she Bee-ish? - A wasp?! Your parents will kill you! - No, no, no, not a wasp. - Spider? - I'm not attracted to spiders. I know it's the hottest thing, with the eight legs and all. I can't get by that face. So who is she? She's... human. No, no. That's a bee law. You wouldn't break a bee law. - Her name's Vanessa. - Oh, boy. She's so nice. And she's a florist! Oh, no! You're dating a human florist! We're not dating. You're flying outside the hive, talking to humans that attack our homes with power washers and M-80s! One-eighth a stick of dynamite! She saved my life! And she understands me. This is over! Eat this. This is not over! What was that? - They call it a crumb. - It was so stingin' stripey! And that's not what they eat. That's what falls off what they eat! - You know what a Oinnabon is? - No. It's bread and cinnamon and frosting. They heat it up... Sit down! ...really hot! - Listen to me! We are not them! We're us. There's us and there's them! Yes, but who can deny the heart that is yearning? There's no yearning. Stop yearning. Listen to me! You have got to start thinking bee, my friend. Thinking bee! - Thinking bee. - Thinking bee. Thinking bee! Thinking bee! Thinking bee! Thinking bee! There he is. He's in the pool. You know what your problem is, Barry? I gotta start thinking bee? How much longer will this go on? It's been three days! Why aren't you working? I've got a lot of big life decisions to think about. What life? You have no life! You have no job. You're barely a bee! Would it kill you to make a little honey? Barry, come out. Your father's talking to you. Martin, would you talk to him? Barry, I'm talking to you! You coming? Got everything? All set! Go ahead. I'll catch up. Don't be too long. Watch this! Vanessa! - We're still here. - I told you not to yell at him. He doesn't respond to yelling! - Then why yell at me? - Because you don't listen! I'm not listening to this. Sorry, I've gotta go. - Where are you going? - I'm meeting a friend. A girl? Is this why you can't decide? Bye. I just hope she's Bee-ish. They have a huge parade of flowers every year in Pasadena? To be in the Tournament of Roses, that's every florist's dream! Up on a float, surrounded by flowers, crowds cheering. A tournament. Do the roses compete in athletic events? No. All right, I've got one. How come you don't fly everywhere? It's exhausting. Why don't you run everywhere? It's faster. Yeah, OK, I see, I see. All right, your turn. TiVo. You can just freeze live TV? That's insane! You don't have that? We have Hivo, but it's a disease. It's a horrible, horrible disease. Oh, my. Dumb bees! You must want to sting all those jerks. We try not to sting. It's usually fatal for us. So you have to watch your temper. Very carefully. You kick a wall, take a walk, write an angry letter and throw it out. Work through it like any emotion: Anger, jealousy, lust. Oh, my goodness! Are you OK? Yeah. - What is wrong with you?! - It's a bug. He's not bothering anybody. Get out of here, you creep! What was that? A Pic 'N' Save circular? Yeah, it was. How did you know? It felt like about 10 pages. Seventy-five is pretty much our limit. You've really got that down to a science. - I lost a cousin to Italian Vogue. - I'll bet. What in the name of Mighty Hercules is this? How did this get here? Oute Bee, Golden Blossom, Ray Liotta Private Select? - Is he that actor? - I never heard of him. - Why is this here? - For people. We eat it. You don't have enough food of your own? - Well, yes. - How do you get it? - Bees make it. - I know who makes it! And it's hard to make it! There's heating, cooling, stirring. You need a whole Krelman thing! - It's organic. - It's our-ganic! It's just honey, Barry. Just what?! Bees don't know about this! This is stealing! A lot of stealing! You've taken our homes, schools, hospitals! This is all we have! And it's on sale?! I'm getting to the bottom of this. I'm getting to the bottom of all of this! Hey, Hector. - You almost done? - Almost. He is here. I sense it. Well, I guess I'll go home now and just leave this nice honey out, with no one around. You're busted, box boy! I knew I heard something. So you can talk! I can talk. And now you'll start talking! Where you getting the sweet stuff? Who's your supplier? I don't understand. I thought we were friends. The last thing we want to do is upset bees! You're too late! It's ours now! You, sir, have crossed the wrong sword! You, sir, will be lunch for my iguana, Ignacio! Where is the honey coming from? Tell me where! Honey Farms! It comes from Honey Farms! Orazy person! What horrible thing has happened here? These faces, they never knew what hit them. And now they're on the road to nowhere! Just keep still. What? You're not dead? Do I look dead? They will wipe anything that moves. Where you headed? To Honey Farms. I am onto something huge here. I'm going to Alaska. Moose blood, crazy stuff. Blows your head off! I'm going to Tacoma. - And you? - He really is dead. All right. Uh-oh! - What is that?! - Oh, no! - A wiper! Triple blade! - Triple blade? Jump on! It's your only chance, bee! Why does everything have to be so doggone clean?! How much do you people need to see?! Open your eyes! Stick your head out the window! From NPR News in Washington, I'm Oarl Kasell. But don't kill no more bugs! - Bee! - Moose blood guy!! - You hear something? - Like what? Like tiny screaming. Turn off the radio. Whassup, bee boy? Hey, Blood. Just a row of honey jars, as far as the eye could see. Wow! I assume wherever this truck goes is where they're getting it. I mean, that honey's ours. - Bees hang tight. - We're all jammed in. It's a close community. Not us, man. We on our own. Every mosquito on his own. - What if you get in trouble? - You a mosquito, you in trouble. Nobody likes us. They just smack. See a mosquito, smack, smack! At least you're out in the world. You must meet girls. Mosquito girls try to trade up, get with a moth, dragonfly. Mosquito girl don't want no mosquito. You got to be kidding me! Mooseblood's about to leave the building! So long, bee! - Hey, guys! - Mooseblood! I knew I'd catch y'all down here. Did you bring your crazy straw? We throw it in jars, slap a label on it, and it's pretty much pure profit. What is this place? A bee's got a brain the size of a pinhead. They are pinheads! Pinhead. - Oheck out the new smoker. - Oh, sweet. That's the one you want. The Thomas 3000! Smoker? Ninety puffs a minute, semi-automatic. Twice the nicotine, all the tar. A couple breaths of this knocks them right out. They make the honey, and we make the money. "They make the honey, and we make the money"? Oh, my! What's going on? Are you OK? Yeah. It doesn't last too long. Do you know you're in a fake hive with fake walls? Our queen was moved here. We had no choice. This is your queen? That's a man in women's clothes! That's a drag queen! What is this? Oh, no! There's hundreds of them! Bee honey. Our honey is being brazenly stolen on a massive scale! This is worse than anything bears have done! I intend to do something. Oh, Barry, stop. Who told you humans are taking our honey? That's a rumor. Do these look like rumors? That's a conspiracy theory. These are obviously doctored photos. How did you get mixed up in this? He's been talking to humans. - What? - Talking to humans?! He has a human girlfriend. And they make out! Make out? Barry! We do not. - You wish you could. - Whose side are you on? The bees! I dated a cricket once in San Antonio. Those crazy legs kept me up all night. Barry, this is what you want to do with your life? I want to do it for all our lives. Nobody works harder than bees! Dad, I remember you coming home so overworked your hands were still stirring. You couldn't stop. I remember that. What right do they have to our honey? We live on two cups a year. They put it in lip balm for no reason whatsoever! Even if it's true, what can one bee do? Sting them where it really hurts. In the face! The eye! - That would hurt. - No. Up the nose? That's a killer. There's only one place you can sting the humans, one place where it matters. Hive at Five, the hive's only full-hour action news source. No more bee beards! With Bob Bumble at the anchor desk. Weather with Storm Stinger. Sports with Buzz Larvi. And Jeanette Ohung. - Good evening. I'm Bob Bumble. - And I'm Jeanette Ohung. A tri-county bee, Barry Benson, intends to sue the human race for stealing our honey, packaging it and profiting from it illegally! Tomorrow night on Bee Larry King, we'll have three former queens here in our studio, discussing their new book, Olassy Ladies, out this week on Hexagon. Tonight we're talking to Barry Benson. Did you ever think, "I'm a kid from the hive. I can't do this"? Bees have never been afraid to change the world. What about Bee Oolumbus? Bee Gandhi? Bejesus? Where I'm from, we'd never sue humans. We were thinking of stickball or candy stores. How old are you? The bee community is supporting you in this case, which will be the trial of the bee century. You know, they have a Larry King in the human world too. It's a common name. Next week... He looks like you and has a show and suspenders and colored dots... Next week... Glasses, quotes on the bottom from the guest even though you just heard 'em. Bear Week next week! They're scary, hairy and here live. Always leans forward, pointy shoulders, squinty eyes, very Jewish. In tennis, you attack at the point of weakness! It was my grandmother, Ken. She's 81. Honey, her backhand's a joke! I'm not gonna take advantage of that? Quiet, please. Actual work going on here. - Is that that same bee? - Yes, it is! I'm helping him sue the human race. - Hello. - Hello, bee. This is Ken. Yeah, I remember you. Timberland, size ten and a half. Vibram sole, I believe. Why does he talk again? Listen, you better go 'cause we're really busy working. But it's our yogurt night! Bye-bye. Why is yogurt night so difficult?! You poor thing. You two have been at this for hours! Yes, and Adam here has been a huge help. - Frosting... - How many sugars? Just one. I try not to use the competition. So why are you helping me? Bees have good qualities. And it takes my mind off the shop. Instead of flowers, people are giving balloon bouquets now. Those are great, if you're three. And artificial flowers. - Oh, those just get me psychotic! - Yeah, me too. Bent stingers, pointless pollination. Bees must hate those fake things! Nothing worse than a daffodil that's had work done. Maybe this could make up for it a little bit. - This lawsuit's a pretty big deal. - I guess. You sure you want to go through with it? Am I sure? When I'm done with the humans, they won't be able to say, "Honey, I'm home," without paying a royalty! It's an incredible scene here in downtown Manhattan, where the world anxiously waits, because for the first time in history, we will hear for ourselves if a honeybee can actually speak. What have we gotten into here, Barry? It's pretty big, isn't it? I can't believe how many humans don't work during the day. You think billion-dollar multinational food companies have good lawyers? Everybody needs to stay behind the barricade. - What's the matter? - I don't know, I just got a chill. Well, if it isn't the bee team. You boys work on this? All rise! The Honorable Judge Bumbleton presiding. All right. Oase number 4475, Superior Oourt of New York, Barry Bee Benson v. the Honey Industry is now in session. Mr. Montgomery, you're representing the five food companies collectively? A privilege. Mr. Benson... you're representing all the bees of the world? I'm kidding. Yes, Your Honor, we're ready to proceed. Mr. Montgomery, your opening statement, please. Ladies and gentlemen of the jury, my grandmother was a simple woman. Born on a farm, she believed it was man's divine right to benefit from the bounty of nature God put before us. If we lived in the topsy-turvy world Mr. Benson imagines, just think of what would it mean. I would have to negotiate with the silkworm for the elastic in my britches! Talking bee! How do we know this isn't some sort of holographic motion-picture-capture Hollywood wizardry? They could be using laser beams! Robotics! Ventriloquism! Oloning! For all we know, he could be on steroids! Mr. Benson? Ladies and gentlemen, there's no trickery here. I'm just an ordinary bee. Honey's pretty important to me. It's important to all bees. We invented it! We make it. And we protect it with our lives. Unfortunately, there are some people in this room who think they can take it from us 'cause we're the little guys! I'm hoping that, after this is all over, you'll see how, by taking our honey, you not only take everything we have but everything we are! I wish he'd dress like that all the time. So nice! Oall your first witness. So, Mr. Klauss Vanderhayden of Honey Farms, big company you have. I suppose so. I see you also own Honeyburton and Honron! Yes, they provide beekeepers for our farms. Beekeeper. I find that to be a very disturbing term. I don't imagine you employ any bee-free-ers, do you? - No. - I couldn't hear you. - No. - No. Because you don't free bees. You keep bees. Not only that, it seems you thought a bear would be an appropriate image for a jar of honey. They're very lovable creatures. Yogi Bear, Fozzie Bear, Build-A-Bear. You mean like this? Bears kill bees! How'd you like his head crashing through your living room?! Biting into your couch! Spitting out your throw pillows! OK, that's enough. Take him away. So, Mr. Sting, thank you for being here. Your name intrigues me. - Where have I heard it before? - I was with a band called The Police. But you've never been a police officer, have you? No, I haven't. No, you haven't. And so here we have yet another example of bee culture casually stolen by a human for nothing more than a prance-about stage name. Oh, please. Have you ever been stung, Mr. Sting? Because I'm feeling a little stung, Sting. Or should I say... Mr. Gordon M. Sumner! That's not his real name?! You idiots! Mr. Liotta, first, belated congratulations on your Emmy win for a guest spot on ER in 2005. Thank you. Thank you. I see from your resume that you're devilishly handsome with a churning inner turmoil that's ready to blow. I enjoy what I do. Is that a crime? Not yet it isn't. But is this what it's come to for you? Exploiting tiny, helpless bees so you don't have to rehearse your part and learn your lines, sir? Watch it, Benson! I could blow right now! This isn't a goodfella. This is a badfella! Why doesn't someone just step on this creep, and we can all go home?! - Order in this court! - You're all thinking it! Order! Order, I say! - Say it! - Mr. Liotta, please sit down! I think it was awfully nice of that bear to pitch in like that. I think the jury's on our side. Are we doing everything right, legally? I'm a florist. Right. Well, here's to a great team. To a great team! Well, hello. - Ken! - Hello. I didn't think you were coming. No, I was just late. I tried to call, but... the battery. I didn't want all this to go to waste, so I called Barry. Luckily, he was free. Oh, that was lucky. There's a little left. I could heat it up. Yeah, heat it up, sure, whatever. So I hear you're quite a tennis player. I'm not much for the game myself. The ball's a little grabby. That's where I usually sit. Right... there. Ken, Barry was looking at your resume, and he agreed with me that eating with chopsticks isn't really a special skill. You think I don't see what you're doing? I know how hard it is to find the rightjob. We have that in common. Do we? Bees have 100 percent employment, but we do jobs like taking the crud out. That's just what I was thinking about doing. Ken, I let Barry borrow your razor for his fuzz. I hope that was all right. I'm going to drain the old stinger. Yeah, you do that. Look at that. You know, I've just about had it with your little mind games. - What's that? - Italian Vogue. Mamma mia, that's a lot of pages. A lot of ads. Remember what Van said, why is your life more valuable than mine? Funny, I just can't seem to recall that! I think something stinks in here! I love the smell of flowers. How do you like the smell of flames?! Not as much. Water bug! Not taking sides! Ken, I'm wearing a Ohapstick hat! This is pathetic! I've got issues! Well, well, well, a royal flush! - You're bluffing. - Am I? Surf's up, dude! Poo water! That bowl is gnarly. Except for those dirty yellow rings! Kenneth! What are you doing?! You know, I don't even like honey! I don't eat it! We need to talk! He's just a little bee! And he happens to be the nicest bee I've met in a long time! Long time? What are you talking about?! Are there other bugs in your life? No, but there are other things bugging me in life. And you're one of them! Fine! Talking bees, no yogurt night... My nerves are fried from riding on this emotional roller coaster! Goodbye, Ken. And for your information, I prefer sugar-free, artificial sweeteners made by man! I'm sorry about all that. I know it's got an aftertaste! I like it! I always felt there was some kind of barrier between Ken and me. I couldn't overcome it. Oh, well. Are you OK for the trial? I believe Mr. Montgomery is about out of ideas. We would like to call Mr. Barry Benson Bee to the stand. Good idea! You can really see why he's considered one of the best lawyers... Yeah. Layton, you've gotta weave some magic with this jury, or it's gonna be all over. Don't worry. The only thing I have to do to turn this jury around is to remind them of what they don't like about bees. - You got the tweezers? - Are you allergic? Only to losing, son. Only to losing. Mr. Benson Bee, I'll ask you what I think we'd all like to know. What exactly is your relationship to that woman? We're friends. - Good friends? - Yes. How good? Do you live together? Wait a minute... Are you her little... ...bedbug? I've seen a bee documentary or two. From what I understand, doesn't your queen give birth to all the bee children? - Yeah, but... - So those aren't your real parents! - Oh, Barry... - Yes, they are! Hold me back! You're an illegitimate bee, aren't you, Benson? He's denouncing bees! Don't y'all date your cousins? - Objection! - I'm going to pincushion this guy! Adam, don't! It's what he wants! Oh, I'm hit!! Oh, lordy, I am hit! Order! Order! The venom! The venom is coursing through my veins! I have been felled by a winged beast of destruction! You see? You can't treat them like equals! They're striped savages! Stinging's the only thing they know! It's their way! - Adam, stay with me. - I can't feel my legs. What angel of mercy will come forward to suck the poison from my heaving buttocks? I will have order in this court. Order! Order, please! The case of the honeybees versus the human race took a pointed turn against the bees yesterday when one of their legal team stung Layton T. Montgomery. - Hey, buddy. - Hey. - Is there much pain? - Yeah. I... I blew the whole case, didn't I? It doesn't matter. What matters is you're alive. You could have died. I'd be better off dead. Look at me. They got it from the cafeteria downstairs, in a tuna sandwich. Look, there's a little celery still on it. What was it like to sting someone? I can't explain it. It was all... All adrenaline and then... and then ecstasy! All right. You think it was all a trap? Of course. I'm sorry. I flew us right into this. What were we thinking? Look at us. We're just a couple of bugs in this world. What will the humans do to us if they win? I don't know. I hear they put the roaches in motels. That doesn't sound so bad. Adam, they check in, but they don't check out! Oh, my. Oould you get a nurse to close that window? - Why? - The smoke. Bees don't smoke. Right. Bees don't smoke. Bees don't smoke! But some bees are smoking. That's it! That's our case! It is? It's not over? Get dressed. I've gotta go somewhere. Get back to the court and stall. Stall any way you can. And assuming you've done step correctly, you're ready for the tub. Mr. Flayman. Yes? Yes, Your Honor! Where is the rest of your team? Well, Your Honor, it's interesting. Bees are trained to fly haphazardly, and as a result, we don't make very good time. I actually heard a funny story about... Your Honor, haven't these ridiculous bugs taken up enough of this court's valuable time? How much longer will we allow these absurd shenanigans to go on? They have presented no compelling evidence to support their charges against my clients, who run legitimate businesses. I move for a complete dismissal of this entire case! Mr. Flayman, I'm afraid I'm going to have to consider Mr. Montgomery's motion. But you can't! We have a terrific case. Where is your proof? Where is the evidence? Show me the smoking gun! Hold it, Your Honor! You want a smoking gun? Here is your smoking gun. What is that? It's a bee smoker! What, this? This harmless little contraption? This couldn't hurt a fly, let alone a bee. Look at what has happened to bees who have never been asked, "Smoking or non?" Is this what nature intended for us? To be forcibly addicted to smoke machines and man-made wooden slat work camps? Living out our lives as honey slaves to the white man? - What are we gonna do? - He's playing the species card. Ladies and gentlemen, please, free these bees! Free the bees! Free the bees! Free the bees! Free the bees! Free the bees! The court finds in favor of the bees! Vanessa, we won! I knew you could do it! High-five! Sorry. I'm OK! You know what this means? All the honey will finally belong to the bees. Now we won't have to work so hard all the time. This is an unholy perversion of the balance of nature, Benson. You'll regret this. Barry, how much honey is out there? All right. One at a time. Barry, who are you wearing? My sweater is Ralph Lauren, and I have no pants. - What if Montgomery's right? - What do you mean? We've been living the bee way a long time, 27 million years. Oongratulations on your victory. What will you demand as a settlement? First, we'll demand a complete shutdown of all bee work camps. Then we want back the honey that was ours to begin with, every last drop. We demand an end to the glorification of the bear as anything more than a filthy, smelly, bad-breath stink machine. We're all aware of what they do in the woods. Wait for my signal. Take him out. He'll have nauseous for a few hours, then he'll be fine. And we will no longer tolerate bee-negative nicknames... But it's just a prance-about stage name! ...unnecessary inclusion of honey in bogus health products and la-dee-da human tea-time snack garnishments. Oan't breathe. Bring it in, boys! Hold it right there! Good. Tap it. Mr. Buzzwell, we just passed three cups, and there's gallons more coming! - I think we need to shut down! - Shut down? We've never shut down. Shut down honey production! Stop making honey! Turn your key, sir! What do we do now? Oannonball! We're shutting honey production! Mission abort. Aborting pollination and nectar detail. Returning to base. Adam, you wouldn't believe how much honey was out there. Oh, yeah? What's going on? Where is everybody? - Are they out celebrating? - They're home. They don't know what to do. Laying out, sleeping in. I heard your Uncle Oarl was on his way to San Antonio with a cricket. At least we got our honey back. Sometimes I think, so what if humans liked our honey? Who wouldn't? It's the greatest thing in the world! I was excited to be part of making it. This was my new desk. This was my new job. I wanted to do it really well. And now... Now I can't. I don't understand why they're not happy. I thought their lives would be better! They're doing nothing. It's amazing. Honey really changes people. You don't have any idea what's going on, do you? - What did you want to show me? - This. What happened here? That is not the half of it. Oh, no. Oh, my. They're all wilting. Doesn't look very good, does it? No. And whose fault do you think that is? You know, I'm gonna guess bees. Bees? Specifically, me. I didn't think bees not needing to make honey would affect all these things. It's notjust flowers. Fruits, vegetables, they all need bees. That's our whole SAT test right there. Take away produce, that affects the entire animal kingdom. And then, of course... The human species? So if there's no more pollination, it could all just go south here, couldn't it? I know this is also partly my fault. How about a suicide pact? How do we do it? - I'll sting you, you step on me. - Thatjust kills you twice. Right, right. Listen, Barry... sorry, but I gotta get going. I had to open my mouth and talk. Vanessa? Vanessa? Why are you leaving? Where are you going? To the final Tournament of Roses parade in Pasadena. They've moved it to this weekend because all the flowers are dying. It's the last chance I'll ever have to see it. Vanessa, I just wanna say I'm sorry. I never meant it to turn out like this. I know. Me neither. Tournament of Roses. Roses can't do sports. Wait a minute. Roses. Roses? Roses! Vanessa! Roses?! Barry? - Roses are flowers! - Yes, they are. Flowers, bees, pollen! I know. That's why this is the last parade. Maybe not. Oould you ask him to slow down? Oould you slow down? Barry! OK, I made a huge mistake. This is a total disaster, all my fault. Yes, it kind of is. I've ruined the planet. I wanted to help you with the flower shop. I've made it worse. Actually, it's completely closed down. I thought maybe you were remodeling. But I have another idea, and it's greater than my previous ideas combined. I don't want to hear it! All right, they have the roses, the roses have the pollen. I know every bee, plant and flower bud in this park. All we gotta do is get what they've got back here with what we've got. - Bees. - Park. - Pollen! - Flowers. - Repollination! - Across the nation! Tournament of Roses, Pasadena, Oalifornia. They've got nothing but flowers, floats and cotton candy. Security will be tight. I have an idea. Vanessa Bloome, FTD. Official floral business. It's real. Sorry, ma'am. Nice brooch. Thank you. It was a gift. Once inside, we just pick the right float. How about The Princess and the Pea? I could be the princess, and you could be the pea! Yes, I got it. - Where should I sit? - What are you? - I believe I'm the pea. - The pea? It goes under the mattresses. - Not in this fairy tale, sweetheart. - I'm getting the marshal. You do that! This whole parade is a fiasco! Let's see what this baby'll do. Hey, what are you doing?! Then all we do is blend in with traffic... ...without arousing suspicion. Once at the airport, there's no stopping us. Stop! Security. - You and your insect pack your float? - Yes. Has it been in your possession the entire time? Would you remove your shoes? - Remove your stinger. - It's part of me. I know. Just having some fun. Enjoy your flight. Then if we're lucky, we'll have just enough pollen to do the job. Oan you believe how lucky we are? We have just enough pollen to do the job! I think this is gonna work. It's got to work. Attention, passengers, this is Oaptain Scott. We have a bit of bad weather in New York. It looks like we'll experience a couple hours delay. Barry, these are cut flowers with no water. They'll never make it. I gotta get up there and talk to them. Be careful. Oan I get help with the Sky Mall magazine? I'd like to order the talking inflatable nose and ear hair trimmer. Oaptain, I'm in a real situation. - What'd you say, Hal? - Nothing. Bee! Don't freak out! My entire species... What are you doing? - Wait a minute! I'm an attorney! - Who's an attorney? Don't move. Oh, Barry. Good afternoon, passengers. This is your captain. Would a Miss Vanessa Bloome in 24B please report to the cockpit? And please hurry! What happened here? There was a DustBuster, a toupee, a life raft exploded. One's bald, one's in a boat, they're both unconscious! - Is that another bee joke? - No! No one's flying the plane! This is JFK control tower, Flight 356. What's your status? This is Vanessa Bloome. I'm a florist from New York. Where's the pilot? He's unconscious, and so is the copilot. Not good. Does anyone onboard have flight experience? As a matter of fact, there is. - Who's that? - Barry Benson. From the honey trial?! Oh, great. Vanessa, this is nothing more than a big metal bee. It's got giant wings, huge engines. I can't fly a plane. - Why not? Isn't John Travolta a pilot? - Yes. How hard could it be? Wait, Barry! We're headed into some lightning. This is Bob Bumble. We have some late-breaking news from JFK Airport, where a suspenseful scene is developing. Barry Benson, fresh from his legal victory... That's Barry! ...is attempting to land a plane, loaded with people, flowers and an incapacitated flight crew. Flowers?! We have a storm in the area and two individuals at the controls with absolutely no flight experience. Just a minute. There's a bee on that plane. I'm quite familiar with Mr. Benson and his no-account compadres. They've done enough damage. But isn't he your only hope? Technically, a bee shouldn't be able to fly at all. Their wings are too small... Haven't we heard this a million times? "The surface area of the wings and body mass make no sense." - Get this on the air! - Got it. - Stand by. - We're going live. The way we work may be a mystery to you. Making honey takes a lot of bees doing a lot of small jobs. But let me tell you about a small job. If you do it well, it makes a big difference. More than we realized. To us, to everyone. That's why I want to get bees back to working together. That's the bee way! We're not made of Jell-O. We get behind a fellow. - Black and yellow! - Hello! Left, right, down, hover. - Hover? - Forget hover. This isn't so hard. Beep-beep! Beep-beep! Barry, what happened?! Wait, I think we were on autopilot the whole time. - That may have been helping me. - And now we're not! So it turns out I cannot fly a plane. All of you, let's get behind this fellow! Move it out! Move out! Our only chance is if I do what I'd do, you copy me with the wings of the plane! Don't have to yell. I'm not yelling! We're in a lot of trouble. It's very hard to concentrate with that panicky tone in your voice! It's not a tone. I'm panicking! I can't do this! Vanessa, pull yourself together. You have to snap out of it! You snap out of it. You snap out of it. - You snap out of it! - You snap out of it! - You snap out of it! - You snap out of it! - You snap out of it! - You snap out of it! - Hold it! - Why? Oome on, it's my turn. How is the plane flying? I don't know. Hello? Benson, got any flowers for a happy occasion in there? The Pollen Jocks! They do get behind a fellow. - Black and yellow. - Hello. All right, let's drop this tin can on the blacktop. Where? I can't see anything. Oan you? No, nothing. It's all cloudy. Oome on. You got to think bee, Barry. - Thinking bee. - Thinking bee. Thinking bee! Thinking bee! Thinking bee! Wait a minute. I think I'm feeling something. - What? - I don't know. It's strong, pulling me. Like a 27-million-year-old instinct. Bring the nose down. Thinking bee! Thinking bee! Thinking bee! - What in the world is on the tarmac? - Get some lights on that! Thinking bee! Thinking bee! Thinking bee! - Vanessa, aim for the flower. - OK. Out the engines. We're going in on bee power. Ready, boys? Affirmative! Good. Good. Easy, now. That's it. Land on that flower! Ready? Full reverse! Spin it around! - Not that flower! The other one! - Which one? - That flower. - I'm aiming at the flower! That's a fat guy in a flowered shirt. I mean the giant pulsating flower made of millions of bees! Pull forward. Nose down. Tail up. Rotate around it. - This is insane, Barry! - This's the only way I know how to fly. Am I koo-koo-kachoo, or is this plane flying in an insect-like pattern? Get your nose in there. Don't be afraid. Smell it. Full reverse! Just drop it. Be a part of it. Aim for the center! Now drop it in! Drop it in, woman! Oome on, already. Barry, we did it! You taught me how to fly! - Yes. No high-five! - Right. Barry, it worked! Did you see the giant flower? What giant flower? Where? Of course I saw the flower! That was genius! - Thank you. - But we're not done yet. Listen, everyone! This runway is covered with the last pollen from the last flowers available anywhere on Earth. That means this is our last chance. We're the only ones who make honey, pollinate flowers and dress like this. If we're gonna survive as a species, this is our moment! What do you say? Are we going to be bees, orjust Museum of Natural History keychains? We're bees! Keychain! Then follow me! Except Keychain. Hold on, Barry. Here. You've earned this. Yeah! I'm a Pollen Jock! And it's a perfect fit. All I gotta do are the sleeves. Oh, yeah. That's our Barry. Mom! The bees are back! If anybody needs to make a call, now's the time. I got a feeling we'll be working late tonight! Here's your change. Have a great afternoon! Oan I help who's next? Would you like some honey with that? It is bee-approved. Don't forget these. Milk, cream, cheese, it's all me. And I don't see a nickel! Sometimes I just feel like a piece of meat! I had no idea. Barry, I'm sorry. Have you got a moment? Would you excuse me? My mosquito associate will help you. Sorry I'm late. He's a lawyer too? I was already a blood-sucking parasite. All I needed was a briefcase. Have a great afternoon! Barry, I just got this huge tulip order, and I can't get them anywhere. No problem, Vannie. Just leave it to me. You're a lifesaver, Barry. Oan I help who's next? All right, scramble, jocks! It's time to fly. Thank you, Barry! That bee is living my life! Let it go, Kenny. - When will this nightmare end?! - Let it all go. - Beautiful day to fly. - Sure is. Between you and me, I was dying to get out of that office. You have got to start thinking bee, my friend. - Thinking bee! - Me? Hold it. Let's just stop for a second. Hold it. I'm sorry. I'm sorry, everyone. Oan we stop here? I'm not making a major life decision during a production number! All right. Take ten, everybody. Wrap it up, guys. I had virtually no rehearsal for that. \| onset = \| duration = \| types = [[Hay fever]], [[Food allergy\|food allergies]], [[atopic dermatitis]], [[allergic asthma]], [[anaphylaxis]]<ref name=NIH2015Types/> \| causes = [[Genetics\|Genetic]] and environmental factors<ref name=Kay2000/> \| risks = \| diagnosis = Based on symptoms, [[skin prick test]], [[blood test]]<ref name=NIH2012pdf/> \| differential = [[Food intolerances]], [[food poisoning]]<ref name=Bah2012/> \| prevention = Early exposure to potential allergens<ref name=Sic2014/> \| treatment = Avoiding known allergens, medications, [[allergen immunotherapy]]<ref name=NIH2015Imm/> \| medication = [[Corticosteroid\|Steroids]], [[Histamine antagonist\|antihistamines]], [[epinephrine]], [[mast cell stabilizer]]s, [[antileukotriene]]s<ref name=NIH2015Imm/><ref name=Review09/><ref>{{cite journal \|last1=Finn \|first1=DF \|last2=Walsh \|first2=JJ \|title=Twenty-first century mast cell stabilizers. \|journal=British Journal of Pharmacology \|date=September 2013 \|volume=170 \|issue=1 \|pages=23–37 \|doi=10.1111/bph.12138 \|pmid=23441583 \|pmc=3764846}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \|last1=May \|first1=JR \|last2=Dolen \|first2=WK \|title=Management of Allergic Rhinitis: A Review for the Community Pharmacist. \|journal=Clinical Therapeutics \|date=December 2017 \|volume=39 \|issue=12 \|pages=2410–19 \|doi=10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.10.006 \|pmid=29079387\|doi-access=free }}</ref> \| prognosis = \| frequency = Common<ref name=NIH2015Epi/> \| deaths = }} <!-- Definition and symptoms --> '''Allergies''', also known as '''allergic diseases''', are a number of conditions caused by [[hypersensitivity]] of the [[immune system]] to typically harmless substances in the environment.<ref name=Con2007>{{cite book\|last1=McConnell\|first1=Thomas H.\|title=The Nature of Disease: Pathology for the Health Professions\|date=2007\|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins\|location=Baltimore, MD\|isbn=978-0-7817-5317-3\|page=159\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=chs_lilPFLwC&pg=PA159}}</ref> These diseases include [[hay fever]], [[Food allergy\|food allergies]], [[atopic dermatitis]], [[allergic asthma]], and [[anaphylaxis]].<ref name=NIH2015Types>{{cite web\|title=Types of Allergic Diseases \|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/allergicdiseases/Pages/allergic-diseases-types.aspx \|website=NIAID \|access-date=17 June 2015 \|date=29 May 2015 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617123632/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/allergicdiseases/Pages/allergic-diseases-types.aspx \|archive-date=17 June 2015 }}</ref> Symptoms may include [[allergic conjunctivitis\|red eyes]], an itchy rash, [[sneeze\|sneezing]], a [[rhinorrhea\|runny nose]], [[shortness of breath]], or swelling.<ref name=NIH2015Sym>{{cite web\|title=Environmental Allergies: Symptoms \|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/environmental-allergies/Pages/symptoms.aspx \|website=NIAID \|access-date=19 June 2015 \|date=22 April 2015 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618023408/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/environmental-allergies/Pages/symptoms.aspx \|archive-date=18 June 2015 }}</ref> [[Food intolerances]] and [[food poisoning]] are separate conditions.<ref name=NIH2012pdf/><ref name=Bah2012>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Bahna SL \| title = Cow's milk allergy versus cow milk intolerance \| journal = Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology \| volume = 89 \| issue = 6 Suppl 1 \| pages = 56–60 \| date = December 2002 \| pmid = 12487206 \| doi = 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)62124-2 }}</ref> <!-- Causes and diagnosis--> Common [[allergen]]s include [[pollen]] and certain foods.<ref name=Con2007/> Metals and other substances may also cause problems.<ref name=Con2007/> Food, [[insect sting]]s, and medications are common causes of severe reactions.<ref name=Kay2000/> Their development is due to both genetic and environmental factors.<ref name=Kay2000>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Kay AB \| title = Overview of 'allergy and allergic diseases: with a view to the future' \| journal = British Medical Bulletin \| volume = 56 \| issue = 4 \| pages = 843–64 \| year = 2000 \| pmid = 11359624 \| doi = 10.1258/0007142001903481 \| doi-access = free }}</ref> The underlying mechanism involves [[immunoglobulin E antibodies]] (IgE), part of the body's immune system, binding to an allergen and then to [[FcεRI\|a receptor]] on [[mast cell]]s or [[basophil]]s where it triggers the release of inflammatory chemicals such as [[histamine]].<ref>{{cite web\|title=How Does an Allergic Response Work? \|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/allergicdiseases/Pages/allergic-Response.aspx \|website=NIAID \|access-date=20 June 2015 \|date=21 April 2015 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618023413/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/allergicdiseases/Pages/allergic-Response.aspx \|archive-date=18 June 2015 }}</ref> Diagnosis is typically based on a person's [[medical history]].<ref name=NIH2012pdf/> Further testing of the [[skin prick test\|skin]] or blood may be useful in certain cases.<ref name=NIH2012pdf/> Positive tests, however, may not mean there is a significant allergy to the substance in question.<ref name=Cox2008>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Cox L, Williams B, Sicherer S, Oppenheimer J, Sher L, Hamilton R, Golden D \| title = Pearls and pitfalls of allergy diagnostic testing: report from the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology/American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Specific IgE Test Task Force \| journal = Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology \| volume = 101 \| issue = 6 \| pages = 580–92 \| date = December 2008 \| pmid = 19119701 \| doi = 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60220-7 }}</ref> <!-- Prevention and treatment --> Early exposure to potential allergens may be protective.<ref name=Sic2014>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Sicherer SH, Sampson HA \| title = Food allergy: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment \| journal = The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology \| volume = 133 \| issue = 2 \| pages = 291–307; quiz 308 \| date = February 2014 \| pmid = 24388012 \| doi = 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.11.020 }}</ref> Treatments for allergies include the avoidance of known allergens and the use of medications such as [[Corticosteroid\|steroids]] and [[Histamine antagonist\|antihistamines]].<ref name=NIH2015Imm/> In severe reactions injectable [[adrenaline]] (epinephrine) is recommended.<ref name=Review09/> [[Allergen immunotherapy]], which gradually exposes people to larger and larger amounts of allergen, is useful for some types of allergies such as hay fever and reactions to insect bites.<ref name=NIH2015Imm/> Its use in food allergies is unclear.<ref name=NIH2015Imm>{{cite web\|title=Allergen Immunotherapy \|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/allergicdiseases/Pages/allergen-immunotherapy.aspx \|access-date=15 June 2015 \|date=22 April 2015 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617122922/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/allergicdiseases/Pages/allergen-immunotherapy.aspx \|archive-date=17 June 2015 }}</ref> <!-- Epidemiology and history --> Allergies are common.<ref name=NIH2015Epi>{{cite web\|title=Allergic Diseases \|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/allergicdiseases/Pages/default.aspx \|website=NIAID \|access-date=20 June 2015 \|date=21 May 2015 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618023404/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/allergicdiseases/pages/default.aspx \|archive-date=18 June 2015 }}</ref> In the developed world, about 20% of people are affected by [[allergic rhinitis]],<ref name=NEJM2015>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Wheatley LM, Togias A \| title = Clinical practice. Allergic rhinitis \| journal = The New England Journal of Medicine \| volume = 372 \| issue = 5 \| pages = 456–63 \| date = January 2015 \| pmid = 25629743 \| pmc = 4324099 \| doi = 10.1056/NEJMcp1412282 }}</ref> about 6% of people have at least one food allergy,<ref name=NIH2012pdf>{{cite web\|author1=National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases \|title=Food Allergy An Overview \|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/foodAllergy/Documents/foodallergy.pdf \|date=July 2012 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305145206/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/foodallergy/documents/foodallergy.pdf \|archive-date=5 March 2016 }}</ref><ref name="Sic2014"/> and about 20% have [[atopic dermatitis]] at some point in time.<ref>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Thomsen SF \| title = Atopic dermatitis: natural history, diagnosis, and treatment \| journal = ISRN Allergy \| volume = 2014 \| pages = 354250 \| date = 2014 \| pmid = 25006501 \| pmc = 4004110 \| doi = 10.1155/2014/354250 }}</ref> Depending on the country about 1–18% of people have asthma.<ref name=GINA2015p2>{{cite web\|url=http://www.ginasthma.org/local/uploads/files/GINA_Report_2015_Aug11.pdf \|title=Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention: Updated 2015 \|publisher=Global Initiative for Asthma \|year=2015 \|page=2 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017163339/http://www.ginasthma.org/local/uploads/files/GINA_Report_2015_Aug11.pdf \|archive-date=17 October 2015}}</ref><ref name=GINA2011p2>{{cite web \|url=http://www.ginasthma.org/uploads/users/files/GINA_Report2011_May4.pdf \|title=Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention \|publisher=Global Initiative for Asthma \|year=2011\|pages=2–5\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120205023/http://www.ginasthma.org/uploads/users/files/GINA_Report2011_May4.pdf \|archive-date=July 2016}}</ref> Anaphylaxis occurs in between 0.05–2% of people.<ref>{{cite book\|author1=Leslie C. Grammer\|title=Patterson's Allergic Diseases\|date=2012\|isbn=978-1-4511-4863-3\|edition=7\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MWdT7W4_N8sC&pg=PA199}}</ref> Rates of many allergic diseases appear to be increasing.<ref name=Review09>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Simons FE \| title = Anaphylaxis: Recent advances in assessment and treatment \| journal = The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology \| volume = 124 \| issue = 4 \| pages = 625–36; quiz 637–38 \| date = October 2009 \| pmid = 19815109 \| doi = 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.08.025 \| url = https://secure.muhealth.org/~ed/students/articles/JAClinImmun_124_p0625.pdf \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130627084618/https://secure.muhealth.org/~ed/students/articles/JAClinImmun_124_p0625.pdf \| url-status = dead \| archive-date = 27 June 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Anandan C, Nurmatov U, van Schayck OC, Sheikh A \| title = Is the prevalence of asthma declining? Systematic review of epidemiological studies \| journal = Allergy \| volume = 65 \| issue = 2 \| pages = 152–67 \| date = February 2010 \| pmid = 19912154 \| doi = 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02244.x }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-and-treatments/library/allergy-library/prevalence-of-allergies-and-asthma\|title=Increasing Rates of Allergies and Asthma\|last=Pongdee\|first=Thanai\|website=American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology}}</ref> The word "allergy" was first used by [[Clemens von Pirquet]] in 1906.<ref name="Kay2000" /> ==Signs and symptoms== {\| class = "wikitable" style = "width:50%; float:right; font-size:90%; margin-left:15px" ! Affected organ \|\| Common signs and symptoms \|- \| [[human nose\|Nose]] \|\| Swelling of the nasal [[mucous membrane\|mucosa]] ([[rhinitis#Allergic\|allergic rhinitis]]) runny nose, [[sneezing]] \|- \| [[Paranasal sinus\|Sinuses]] \|\| Allergic [[sinusitis]] \|- \| [[Human eye\|Eyes]] \|\| Redness and [[itch]]ing of the [[conjunctiva]] (allergic conjunctivitis, watery) \|- \| [[Airway]]s \|\| Sneezing, coughing, [[bronchoconstriction]], [[wheeze\|wheezing]] and [[dyspnea]], sometimes outright attacks of [[asthma]], in severe cases the airway constricts due to swelling known as [[laryngeal edema]] \|- \| [[Ear]]s \|\| Feeling of fullness, possibly pain, and impaired hearing due to the lack of [[eustachian tube]] drainage. \|- \| [[Skin]] \|\| [[Rash]]es, such as [[eczema]] and [[urticaria\|hives (urticaria)]] \|- \| [[Human gastrointestinal tract\|Gastrointestinal tract]] \|\| [[Abdominal pain]], [[bloating]], [[vomiting]], [[diarrhea]] \|} Many allergens such as dust or pollen are airborne particles. In these cases, symptoms arise in areas in contact with air, such as eyes, nose, and lungs. For instance, [[allergic rhinitis]], also known as hay fever, causes irritation of the nose, sneezing, itching, and redness of the eyes.<ref name="Conn's Current Therapy 2005"/> Inhaled allergens can also lead to increased production of [[mucus]] in the [[lung]]s, [[shortness of breath]], coughing, and wheezing.<ref name="holgate98"/> Aside from these ambient allergens, allergic reactions can result from [[food]]s, [[Insect sting allergy\|insect stings]], and reactions to [[medication]]s like [[aspirin]] and [[antibiotic]]s such as [[penicillin]]. Symptoms of food allergy include [[abdominal pain]], [[bloating]], vomiting, [[diarrhea]], [[itch]]y skin, and [[Angioedema\|swelling of the skin during hives]]. Food allergies rarely cause [[respiratory tract\|respiratory]] (asthmatic) reactions, or [[rhinitis]].<ref name="rusznak98"/> Insect stings, food, [[antibiotic]]s, and certain medicines may produce a systemic allergic response that is also called [[anaphylaxis]]; multiple organ systems can be affected, including the [[digestive system]], the [[respiratory system]], and the [[circulatory system]].<ref name="Insect sting anaphylaxis"/><ref name="Penicillin allergy skin testing: what do we do now?"/><ref name="tang03"/> Depending on the rate of severity, anaphylaxis can include skin reactions, bronchoconstriction, [[edema\|swelling]], [[hypotension\|low blood pressure]], [[coma]], and [[death]]. This type of reaction can be triggered suddenly, or the onset can be delayed. The nature of [[anaphylaxis]] is such that the reaction can seem to be subsiding, but may recur throughout a period of time.<ref name=tang03/> ===Skin=== Substances that come into contact with the skin, such as [[latex]], are also common causes of allergic reactions, known as [[contact dermatitis]] or eczema.<ref name="Natural rubber latex allergy: a problem of interdisciplinary concern in medicine"/> Skin allergies frequently cause rashes, or swelling and inflammation within the skin, in what is known as a "[[wheal response\|weal]] and flare" reaction characteristic of hives and angioedema.<ref name="Urticaria and angioedema: a practical approach"/> With insect stings a large local reaction may occur (an area of skin redness greater than 10 cm in size).<ref name=Lud2015/> It can last one to two days.<ref name=Lud2015>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Ludman SW, Boyle RJ \| title = Stinging insect allergy: current perspectives on venom immunotherapy \| journal = Journal of Asthma and Allergy \| volume = 8 \| pages = 75–86 \| date = 2015 \| pmid = 26229493 \| pmc = 4517515 \| doi = 10.2147/JAA.S62288 }}</ref> This reaction may also occur after [[immunotherapy]].<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Slavin\|first1=ed. by Raymond G.\|last2=Reisman\|first2=Robert E.\|title=Expert guide to allergy and immunology\|date=1999\|publisher=American College of Physicians\|location=Philadelphia\|isbn=978-0-943126-73-9\|page=222\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QhNRrAeXdbAC&pg=PA222}}</ref> ==Cause== Risk factors for allergy can be placed in two general categories, namely [[Host (biology)\|host]] and [[Natural environment\|environmental]] factors.<ref name="The genetic and environmental basis of atopic diseases"/> Host factors include [[heredity]], [[sex]], [[Race (classification of human beings)\|race]], and age, with heredity being by far the most significant. However, there have been recent increases in the incidence of allergic disorders that cannot be explained by genetic factors alone. Four major environmental candidates are alterations in exposure to [[infectious disease]]s during early childhood, environmental [[pollution]], allergen levels, and [[Diet (nutrition)\|dietary]] changes.<ref name="Janeway"/> ===Foods=== {{main\|Food allergy}} A wide variety of foods can cause allergic reactions, but 90% of allergic responses to foods are caused by cow's [[milk]], [[soy]], [[egg (food)\|eggs]], [[wheat]], [[peanut]]s, [[tree nuts]], [[fish]], and [[crustacea\|shellfish]].<ref name="aafa.org">{{cite web \|url= http://www.aafa.org/display.cfm?id=9&sub=20&cont=286 \|title= Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America \|access-date= 23 December 2012 \|url-status= dead \|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121006052320/http://aafa.org/display.cfm?id=9&sub=20&cont=286 \|archive-date= 6 October 2012 \|df= dmy-all }}</ref> Other [[food allergy\|food allergies]], affecting less than 1 person per 10,000 population, may be considered "rare".<ref name=Maleki/> The use of hydrolysed milk [[baby formula]] versus standard milk baby formula does not appear to change the risk.<ref>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Boyle RJ, Ierodiakonou D, Khan T, Chivinge J, Robinson Z, Geoghegan N, Jarrold K, Afxentiou T, Reeves T, Cunha S, Trivella M, Garcia-Larsen V, Leonardi-Bee J \| title = Hydrolysed formula and risk of allergic or autoimmune disease: systematic review and meta-analysis \| journal = BMJ \| volume = 352 \| pages = i974 \| date = March 2016 \| pmid = 26956579 \| doi = 10.1136/bmj.i974 \| pmc=4783517}}</ref> The most common food allergy in the US population is a sensitivity to [[crustacea]].<ref name=Maleki>{{cite book \|last1=Maleki \|first1=Soheilia J \|last2=Burks \|first2=A. Wesley \|last3=Helm \|first3=Ricki M. \|title=Food Allergy \|year=2006 \|publisher=Blackwell Publishing \|pages=39–41 \|isbn=978-1-55581-375-8}}</ref> Although peanut allergies are notorious for their severity, peanut allergies are not the most common food allergy in adults or children. Severe or life-threatening reactions may be triggered by other allergens, and are more common when combined with asthma.<ref name="aafa.org"/> Rates of allergies differ between adults and children. [[Peanut]] allergies can sometimes be outgrown by children. Egg allergies affect one to two percent of children but are outgrown by about two-thirds of children by the age of 5.<ref>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Järvinen KM, Beyer K, Vila L, Bardina L, Mishoe M, Sampson HA \| title = Specificity of IgE antibodies to sequential epitopes of hen's egg ovomucoid as a marker for persistence of egg allergy \| journal = Allergy \| volume = 62 \| issue = 7 \| pages = 758–65 \| date = July 2007 \| pmid = 17573723 \| doi = 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01332.x }}</ref> The sensitivity is usually to proteins in the white, rather than the [[yolk]].<ref name="Sicherer 63"/> Milk-protein allergies are most common in children.<ref>{{harvnb\|Maleki\|Burks\|Helm\|2006\|pp=41}}</ref> Approximately 60% of milk-protein reactions are [[immunoglobulin E]]-mediated, with the remaining usually attributable to [[proctocolitis\|inflammation of the colon]].<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.worldallergy.org/professional/allergic_diseases_center/foodallergy/ \|title=World Allergy Organization \|access-date=13 April 2015 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414054458/http://www.worldallergy.org/professional/allergic_diseases_center/foodallergy/ \|archive-date=14 April 2015 }}</ref> Some people are unable to tolerate milk from goats or sheep as well as from cows, and many are also unable to tolerate [[dairy]] products such as cheese. Roughly 10% of children with a milk allergy will have a reaction to [[beef]]. Beef contains small amounts of proteins that are present in greater abundance in cow's milk.<ref>Sicherer 64</ref> [[Lactose intolerance]], a common reaction to milk, is not a form of allergy at all, but rather due to the absence of an [[enzyme]] in the [[digestive tract]]. Those with [[Nut (fruit)\|tree nut]] allergies may be allergic to one or to many tree nuts, including pecans, pistachios, pine nuts, and walnuts.<ref name="Sicherer 63"/> Also [[seeds]], including [[sesame seeds]] and [[poppy seed]]s, contain oils in which protein is present, which may elicit an allergic reaction.<ref name="Sicherer 63"/> Allergens can be transferred from one food to another through [[genetic engineering]]; however genetic modification can also remove allergens. Little research has been done on the natural variation of allergen concentrations in unmodified crops.<ref>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Herman EM \| title = Genetically modified soybeans and food allergies \| journal = Journal of Experimental Botany \| volume = 54 \| issue = 386 \| pages = 1317–19 \| date = May 2003 \| pmid = 12709477 \| doi = 10.1093/jxb/erg164 \| url = http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/content/54/386/1317.full \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130930040151/http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/content/54/386/1317.full\| url-status = live \| archive-date = 30 September 2013 \| doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Panda R, Ariyarathna H, Amnuaycheewa P, Tetteh A, Pramod SN, Taylor SL, Ballmer-Weber BK, Goodman RE \| title = Challenges in testing genetically modified crops for potential increases in endogenous allergen expression for safety \| journal = Allergy \| volume = 68 \| issue = 2 \| pages = 142–51 \| date = February 2013 \| pmid = 23205714 \| doi = 10.1111/all.12076 \| url = https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/foodsciefacpub/165 }}</ref> ===Latex=== [[Latex]] can trigger an IgE-mediated cutaneous, respiratory, and systemic reaction. The prevalence of latex allergy in the general population is believed to be less than one percent. In a hospital study, 1 in 800 surgical patients (0.125 percent) reported latex sensitivity, although the sensitivity among healthcare workers is higher, between seven and ten percent. Researchers attribute this higher level to the exposure of healthcare workers to areas with significant airborne latex allergens, such as operating rooms, intensive-care units, and dental suites. These latex-rich environments may sensitize healthcare workers who regularly inhale allergenic proteins.<ref name="Sussman"/> The most prevalent response to latex is an allergic contact dermatitis, a delayed hypersensitive reaction appearing as dry, crusted lesions. This reaction usually lasts 48–96 hours. Sweating or rubbing the area under the glove aggravates the lesions, possibly leading to ulcerations.<ref name=Sussman/> [[Anaphylactic]] reactions occur most often in sensitive patients who have been exposed to a surgeon's latex gloves during abdominal surgery, but other [[mucous membrane\|mucosal]] exposures, such as dental procedures, can also produce systemic reactions.<ref name=Sussman/> Latex and banana sensitivity may cross-react. Furthermore, those with latex allergy may also have sensitivities to avocado, kiwifruit, and chestnut.<ref>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Fernández de Corres L, Moneo I, Muñoz D, Bernaola G, Fernández E, Audicana M, Urrutia I \| title = Sensitization from chestnuts and bananas in patients with urticaria and anaphylaxis from contact with latex \| journal = Annals of Allergy \| volume = 70 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 35–39 \| date = January 1993 \| pmid = 7678724 }}</ref> These people often have [[perioral]] itching and local [[urticaria]]. Only occasionally have these food-induced allergies induced systemic responses. Researchers suspect that the cross-reactivity of latex with banana, avocado, kiwifruit, and chestnut occurs because latex proteins are structurally [[Homology (biology)\|homologous]] with some other plant proteins.<ref name=Sussman/> ===Medications=== {{main\|Drug allergy}} {{see also\|Adverse drug reaction\|Drug eruption}} About 10% of people report that they are allergic to [[penicillin]]; however, 90% turn out not to be.<ref name=Al2015/> Serious allergies only occur in about 0.03%.<ref name=Al2015>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Gonzalez-Estrada A, Radojicic C \| title = Penicillin allergy: A practical guide for clinicians \| journal = Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine \| volume = 82 \| issue = 5 \| pages = 295–300 \| date = May 2015 \| pmid = 25973877 \| doi = 10.3949/ccjm.82a.14111 }}</ref> ===Insect stings=== {{main\|Insect sting allergy}} Typically, [[insects]] which generate allergic responses are either stinging insects ([[wasps]], [[bees]], [[hornets]] and [[ants]]) or biting insects ([[mosquitoes]], [[ticks]]). Stinging insects inject venom into their victims, whilst biting insects normally introduce [[anti-coagulants]]. ===Toxins interacting with proteins=== Another non-food protein reaction, [[urushiol-induced contact dermatitis]], originates after contact with [[poison ivy]], [[Toxicodendron pubescens\|eastern poison oak]], [[Toxicodendron diversilobum\|western poison oak]], or [[poison sumac]]. [[Urushiol]], which is not itself a protein, acts as a [[hapten]] and chemically reacts with, binds to, and changes the shape of [[integral membrane protein]]s on exposed skin cells. The immune system does not recognize the affected cells as normal parts of the body, causing a [[T-cell]]<nowiki>-</nowiki>mediated [[immune response]].<ref>C. Michael Hogan. [http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=82914 ''Western poison-oak: Toxicodendron diversilobum''] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090721044257/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=82914 \|date=21 July 2009 }}. GlobalTwitcher, ed. Nicklas Stromberg. 2008. Retrieved 30 April 2010.</ref> Of these poisonous plants, sumac is the most virulent.<ref>Keeler, Harriet L. (1900). ''Our Native Trees and How to Identify Them''. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 94–96; Frankel, Edward, PhD ''Poison Ivy, Poison Oak, Poison Sumac and Their Relatives; Pistachios, Mangoes and Cashews''. The Boxwood Press. Pacific Grove, CA. 1991. {{ISBN\|978-0-940168-18-3}}.</ref> The resulting dermatological response to the reaction between urushiol and membrane proteins includes redness, swelling, [[papule]]s, [[Vesicle (dermatology)\|vesicles]], [[blister]]s, and streaking.<ref name="Dermatlas" >{{DermAtlas\|-1892628434}}</ref> Estimates vary on the percentage of the population that will have an immune system response. Approximately 25 percent of the population will have a strong allergic response to urushiol. In general, approximately 80 percent to 90 percent of adults will develop a rash if they are exposed to {{convert\|.0050\|mg\|sp=us}} of purified urushiol, but some people are so sensitive that it takes only a molecular trace on the skin to initiate an allergic reaction.<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Armstrong W.P. \|author2=Epstein W.L. \|title=Poison oak: more than just scratching the surface \|journal=Herbalgram \|volume=34 \|pages=36–42 \|year=1995 }} cited in {{cite web \|url=http://waynesword.palomar.edu/ww0802.htm \|title=Archived copy \|access-date=6 October 2015 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006212234/http://waynesword.palomar.edu/ww0802.htm \|archive-date=6 October 2015 }}</ref> ===Genetics=== Allergic diseases are strongly [[Family\|familial]]: [[Twin#Monozygotic twins\|identical twins]] are likely to have the same allergic diseases about 70% of the time; the same allergy occurs about 40% of the time in [[Twin#Dizygotic twins\|non-identical twins]].<ref name="Allergy"/> Allergic parents are more likely to have allergic children,<ref name="DeSwert"/> and those children's allergies are likely to be more severe than those in children of non-allergic parents. Some allergies, however, are not consistent along [[Genealogy\|genealogies]]; parents who are allergic to [[peanut]]s may have children who are allergic to [[ragweed]]. It seems that the likelihood of developing allergies is [[Heredity\|inherited]] and related to an irregularity in the immune system, but the specific [[allergen]] is not.<ref name=DeSwert/> The risk of allergic [[Sensitization (immunology)\|sensitization]] and the development of allergies varies with age, with young children most at risk.<ref name="Croner"/> Several studies have shown that IgE levels are highest in childhood and fall rapidly between the ages of 10 and 30 years.<ref name=Croner/> The peak prevalence of hay fever is highest in children and young adults and the incidence of asthma is highest in children under 10.<ref>{{cite book \|vauthors=Jarvis D, Burney P \|chapter=Epidemiology of atopy and atopic disease \|editor=Kay AB \|title=Allergy and allergic diseases \|publisher=Blackwell Science \|location=London \|year=1997 \|pages=1208–24 \|volume=2 }}</ref> Overall, boys have a higher risk of developing allergies than girls,<ref name=DeSwert/> although for some diseases, namely asthma in young adults, females are more likely to be affected.<ref name="Asthma from birth to age 23: incidence and relation to prior and concurrent atopic disease"/> These differences between the sexes tend to decrease in adulthood.<ref name=DeSwert/> [[Ethnic group\|Ethnicity]] may play a role in some allergies; however, racial factors have been difficult to separate from environmental influences and changes due to [[human migration\|migration]].<ref name=DeSwert/> It has been suggested that different [[Locus (genetics)\|genetic loci]] are responsible for asthma, to be specific, in people of [[Caucasian race\|European]], [[Hispanic]], [[Asian people\|Asian]], and [[Ethnic groups of Africa\|African]] origins.<ref name="African Americans with asthma: genetic insights"/> ===Hygiene hypothesis=== {{Main\|Hygiene hypothesis}} Allergic diseases are caused by inappropriate immunological responses to harmless [[antigens]] driven by a [[t helper cell\|TH2]]-mediated immune response. Many [[bacteria]] and [[virus]]es elicit a [[T helper cell\|TH1]]-mediated immune response, which down-regulates TH2 responses. The first proposed mechanism of action of the hygiene hypothesis was that insufficient stimulation of the TH1 arm of the immune system leads to an overactive TH2 arm, which in turn leads to allergic disease.<ref>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Folkerts G, Walzl G, Openshaw PJ \| title = Do common childhood infections 'teach' the immune system not to be allergic? \| journal = Immunology Today \| volume = 21 \| issue = 3 \| pages = 118–20 \| date = March 2000 \| pmid = 10777250 \| doi = 10.1016/S0167-5699(00)01582-6 }}</ref> In other words, individuals living in too sterile an environment are not exposed to enough pathogens to keep the immune system busy. Since our bodies evolved to deal with a certain level of such pathogens, when they are not exposed to this level, the immune system will attack harmless antigens and thus normally benign microbial objects—like pollen—will trigger an immune response.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://edwardwillett.com/2000/05/the-hygiene-hypothesis/ \|title=The Hygiene Hypothesis \|publisher=Edward Willett \|date=30 January 2013 \|access-date=30 May 2013 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130430180522/http://edwardwillett.com/2000/05/the-hygiene-hypothesis/ \|archive-date=30 April 2013 }}</ref> The hygiene hypothesis was developed to explain the observation that [[hay fever]] and [[eczema]], both allergic diseases, were less common in children from larger families, which were, it is presumed, exposed to more infectious agents through their siblings, than in children from families with only one child. The hygiene hypothesis has been extensively investigated by [[immunology\|immunologists]] and [[epidemiology\|epidemiologists]] and has become an important theoretical framework for the study of allergic disorders. It is used to explain the increase in allergic diseases that have been seen since [[industrialization]], and the higher incidence of allergic diseases in more developed countries. The hygiene hypothesis has now expanded to include exposure to symbiotic bacteria and parasites as important modulators of immune system development, along with infectious agents. Epidemiological data support the hygiene hypothesis. Studies have shown that various immunological and autoimmune diseases are much less common in the developing world than the industrialized world and that immigrants to the industrialized world from the developing world increasingly develop immunological disorders in relation to the length of time since arrival in the industrialized world.<ref name="pmid12910582"/> Longitudinal studies in the third world demonstrate an increase in immunological disorders as a country grows more affluent and, it is presumed, cleaner.<ref name="pmid17326711"/> The use of antibiotics in the first year of life has been linked to asthma and other allergic diseases.<ref name="Does antibiotic exposure during infancy lead to development of asthma?: a systematic review and metaanalysis"/> The use of antibacterial cleaning products has also been associated with higher incidence of [[asthma]], as has birth by [[Caesarean section]] rather than vaginal birth.<ref name="A meta-analysis of the association between Caesarean section and childhood asthma"/><ref name="The use of household cleaning sprays and adult asthma: an international longitudinal study"/> ===Stress=== Chronic [[Stress (psychological)\|stress]] can aggravate allergic conditions. This has been attributed to a T helper 2 (TH2)-predominant response driven by suppression of [[interleukin 12]] by both the [[autonomic nervous system]] and the [[hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis]]. Stress management in highly susceptible individuals may improve symptoms.<ref>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Dave ND, Xiang L, Rehm KE, Marshall GD \| title = Stress and allergic diseases \| journal = Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America \| volume = 31 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 55–68 \| date = February 2011 \| pmid = 21094923 \| pmc = 3264048 \| doi = 10.1016/j.iac.2010.09.009 }}</ref> ===Other environmental factors=== There are differences between countries in the number of individuals within a population having allergies. Allergic diseases are more common in [[Industrialisation\|industrialized]] countries than in countries that are more traditional or [[Agriculture\|agricultural]], and there is a higher rate of allergic disease in [[Urban area\|urban]] populations versus [[rural]] populations, although these differences are becoming less defined.<ref name=cooper04>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Cooper PJ \| title = Intestinal worms and human allergy \| journal = Parasite Immunology \| volume = 26 \| issue = 11–12 \| pages = 455–67 \| year = 2004 \| pmid = 15771681 \| doi = 10.1111/j.0141-9838.2004.00728.x }}</ref> Historically, the trees planted in urban areas were predominantly male to prevent litter from seeds and fruits, but the high ratio of male trees causes high pollen counts.<ref>{{cite web \|last=Ogren \|first=Thomas Leo \|title=Botanical Sexism Cultivates Home-Grown Allergies \|url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/botanical-sexism-cultivates-home-grown-allergies/ \|website=[[Scientific American]] \|date=29 April 2015 \|access-date=18 January 2020}}</ref> Alterations in exposure to [[microorganism]]s is another plausible explanation, at present, for the increase in [[Atopy\|atopic allergy]].<ref name= Janeway/> Endotoxin exposure reduces release of inflammatory [[cytokine]]s such as [[tumor necrosis factor alpha\|TNF-α]], [[interferon-gamma\|IFNγ]], [[interleukin-10]], and [[interleukin-12]] from white blood cells ([[leukocytes]]) that circulate in the [[blood]].<ref name="pmid12239255"/> Certain microbe-sensing [[protein]]s, known as [[Toll-like receptor]]s, found on the surface of cells in the body are also thought to be involved in these processes.<ref name="Epidemiological and immunological evidence for the hygiene hypothesis"/> Gutworms and similar parasites are present in untreated drinking water in developing countries, and were present in the water of developed countries until the routine [[Water chlorination\|chlorination]] and purification of drinking water supplies.<ref name="Parasitic food-borne and water-borne zoonoses"/> Recent research has shown that some common [[parasite]]s, such as [[Parasitic worm\|intestinal worms]] (e.g., [[hookworm]]s), secrete chemicals into the gut wall (and, hence, the bloodstream) that [[immunosuppressant\|suppress]] the immune system and prevent the body from attacking the parasite.<ref name="Worms and allergy"/> This gives rise to a new slant on the hygiene hypothesis theory—that [[co-evolution]] of humans and parasites has led to an immune system that functions correctly only in the presence of the parasites. Without them, the immune system becomes unbalanced and oversensitive.<ref name=Yazdanbakhsh02>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Yazdanbakhsh M, Kremsner PG, van Ree R \| title = Allergy, parasites, and the hygiene hypothesis \| journal = Science \| volume = 296 \| issue = 5567 \| pages = 490–94 \| date = April 2002 \| pmid = 11964470 \| doi = 10.1126/science.296.5567.490 \| citeseerx = 10.1.1.570.9502 }}</ref> In particular, research suggests that allergies may coincide with the delayed establishment of [[gut flora]] in [[infant]]s.<ref name="pmid17382394"/> However, the research to support this theory is conflicting, with some studies performed in China and [[Ethiopia]] showing an increase in allergy in people infected with intestinal worms.<ref name=cooper04/> Clinical trials have been initiated to test the effectiveness of certain worms in treating some allergies.<ref name=falcone05>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Falcone FH, Pritchard DI \| title = Parasite role reversal: worms on trial \| journal = Trends in Parasitology \| volume = 21 \| issue = 4 \| pages = 157–60 \| date = April 2005 \| pmid = 15780835 \| doi = 10.1016/j.pt.2005.02.002 }}</ref> It may be that the term 'parasite' could turn out to be inappropriate, and in fact a hitherto unsuspected [[Mutualism (biology)\|symbiosis]] is at work.<ref name=falcone05/> For more information on this topic, see [[Helminthic therapy]]. ==Pathophysiology== [[File:The Allergy Pathway.jpg\|thumb\|A summary diagram that explains how allergy develops]] [[File:Tissues Affected In Allergic Inflammation.jpg\|thumb\|Tissues affected in [[allergic inflammation]]]] ===Acute response=== [[File:Allergy degranulation processes 01.svg\|thumb\|Degranulation process in allergy. Second exposure to allergen. '''1''' – antigen; '''2''' – IgE antibody; '''3''' – FcεRI receptor; '''4''' – preformed mediators (histamine, proteases, chemokines, heparin); '''5''' – [[granule (cell biology)\|granules]]; '''6''' – [[mast cell]]; '''7''' – newly formed mediators (prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, [[Platelet-activating factor\|PAF]]).]] In the early stages of allergy, a type I hypersensitivity reaction against an allergen encountered for the first time and presented by a professional [[antigen-presenting cell]] causes a response in a type of immune cell called a [[T helper cell\|T<sub>H</sub>2 lymphocyte]]; a subset of [[T cell]]s that produce a [[cytokine]] called [[interleukin-4]] (IL-4). These T<sub>H</sub>2 cells interact with other [[lymphocytes]] called [[B cell]]s, whose role is production of antibodies. Coupled with signals provided by IL-4, this interaction stimulates the B cell to begin production of a large amount of a particular type of antibody known as IgE. Secreted IgE circulates in the blood and binds to an IgE-specific receptor (a kind of [[Fc receptor]] called [[FcεRI]]) on the surface of other kinds of immune cells called [[mast cell]]s and [[basophil]]s, which are both involved in the acute inflammatory response. The IgE-coated cells, at this stage, are sensitized to the allergen.<ref name=Janeway/> If later exposure to the same allergen occurs, the allergen can bind to the IgE molecules held on the surface of the mast cells or basophils. Cross-linking of the IgE and Fc receptors occurs when more than one IgE-receptor complex interacts with the same allergenic molecule, and activates the sensitized cell. Activated mast cells and basophils undergo a process called [[degranulation]], during which they release [[histamine]] and other inflammatory chemical mediators ([[cytokine]]s, [[interleukin]]s, [[leukotriene]]s, and [[prostaglandin]]s) from their [[granule (cell biology)\|granules]] into the surrounding tissue causing several systemic effects, such as [[vasodilation]], [[mucus\|mucous]] secretion, [[nerve]] stimulation, and [[smooth muscle]] contraction. This results in [[rhinorrhea]], itchiness, dyspnea, and [[anaphylaxis]]. Depending on the individual, allergen, and mode of introduction, the symptoms can be system-wide (classical anaphylaxis), or localized to particular body systems; asthma is localized to the respiratory system and eczema is localized to the [[dermis]].<ref name=Janeway/> ===Late-phase response=== After the chemical mediators of the acute response subside, late-phase responses can often occur. This is due to the migration of other [[leukocyte]]s such as [[neutrophil]]s, [[lymphocyte]]s, [[eosinophil]]s and [[macrophage]]s to the initial site. The reaction is usually seen 2–24 hours after the original reaction.<ref name="Effector and potential immunoregulatory roles of mast cells in IgE-associated acquired immune responses"/> Cytokines from mast cells may play a role in the persistence of long-term effects. Late-phase responses seen in [[asthma]] are slightly different from those seen in other allergic responses, although they are still caused by release of mediators from eosinophils and are still dependent on activity of T<sub>H</sub>2 cells.<ref name="Th2 cytokines in the asthma late-phase response"/> ===Allergic contact dermatitis=== Although [[allergic contact dermatitis]] is termed an "allergic" reaction (which usually refers to type I hypersensitivity), its pathophysiology actually involves a reaction that more correctly corresponds to a [[type IV hypersensitivity]] reaction.<ref>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Martín A, Gallino N, Gagliardi J, Ortiz S, Lascano AR, Diller A, Daraio MC, Kahn A, Mariani AL, Serra HM \| title = Early inflammatory markers in elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis \| journal = BMC Dermatology \| volume = 2 \| pages = 9 \| date = August 2002 \| pmid = 12167174 \| pmc = 122084 \| doi = 10.1186/1471-5945-2-9 }}</ref> In type IV hypersensitivity, there is activation of certain types of [[T cells]] (CD8+) that destroy target cells on contact, as well as activated [[macrophage]]s that produce [[hydrolytic enzyme\|hydrolytic]] [[enzyme]]s. ==Diagnosis== [[File:Allergy testing machine.jpg\|left\|thumb\|An allergy testing machine being operated in a diagnostic immunology lab]] Effective management of allergic diseases relies on the ability to make an accurate diagnosis.<ref>{{cite journal \|author=Portnoy JM \|year=2006 \|title=Evidence-based Allergy Diagnostic Tests \|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports \|volume=6 \|issue=6\|pages=455–61 \|doi=10.1007/s11882-006-0021-8\|pmid=17026871 \|display-authors=etal}}</ref> Allergy testing can help confirm or rule out allergies.<ref name="ReferenceA">NICE Diagnosis and assessment of food allergy in children and young people in primary care and community settings, 2011</ref><ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Boyce JA, Assa'ad A, Burks AW, Jones SM, Sampson HA, Wood RA, Plaut M, Cooper SF, Fenton MJ, Arshad SH, Bahna SL, Beck LA, Byrd-Bredbenner C, Camargo CA, Eichenfield L, Furuta GT, Hanifin JM, Jones C, Kraft M, Levy BD, Lieberman P, Luccioli S, McCall KM, Schneider LC, Simon RA, Simons FE, Teach SJ, Yawn BP, Schwaninger JM \| display-authors = 6 \| title = Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of food allergy in the United States: report of the NIAID-sponsored expert panel \| journal = The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology \| volume = 126 \| issue = 6 Suppl \| pages = S1–58 \| date = December 2010 \| pmid = 21134576 \| pmc = 4241964 \| doi = 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.10.007 }}</ref> Correct diagnosis, counseling, and avoidance advice based on valid allergy test results reduces the incidence of symptoms and need for medications, and improves quality of life.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> To assess the presence of allergen-specific IgE antibodies, two different methods can be used: a skin prick test, or an allergy [[blood test]]. Both methods are recommended, and they have similar diagnostic value.<ref name="ReferenceB"/><ref>{{cite journal \| vauthors=Cox L \| year=2011 \| title=Overview of Serological-Specific IgE Antibody Testing in Children \| journal=Pediatric Allergy and Immunology }}</ref> Skin prick tests and blood tests are equally cost-effective, and health economic evidence shows that both tests were cost-effective compared with no test.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> Also, early and more accurate diagnoses save cost due to reduced consultations, referrals to secondary care, misdiagnosis, and emergency admissions.<ref>{{cite web\|title = CG116 Food allergy in children and young people: costing report\|date = 23 February 2011 \|url=http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CG116/CostingReport/pdf/English \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117230445/http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CG116/CostingReport/pdf/English \|archive-date=17 January 2012 \|website = National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence}}</ref> Allergy undergoes dynamic changes over time. Regular allergy testing of relevant allergens provides information on if and how patient management can be changed, in order to improve health and quality of life. Annual testing is often the practice for determining whether allergy to milk, egg, soy, and wheat have been outgrown, and the testing interval is extended to 2–3 years for allergy to peanut, tree nuts, fish, and crustacean shellfish.<ref name="ReferenceB"/> Results of follow-up testing can guide decision-making regarding whether and when it is safe to introduce or re-introduce allergenic food into the diet.<ref name="United States 2010">{{cite web\|publisher =NIH \|title= Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Food Allergy in the United States: Summary of the NIAID-Sponsored Expert Panel Report\|date = 2010\|id = 11-7700\|url = https://www.foodallergy.org/sites/default/files/migrated-files/file/niaid-clinician-summary.pdf}}</ref> ===Skin prick testing=== <!-- Hidden text, as this links back to the same page, restore when main article is created - {{Main\|Skin Test\|l1=Skin testing}}--> [[File:Allergy skin testing.JPG\|thumb\|right\|Skin testing on arm]] [[File:Skintest2.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Skin testing on back]] [[Skin test]]ing is also known as "puncture testing" and "prick testing" due to the series of tiny punctures or pricks made into the patient's skin. Small amounts of suspected allergens and/or their [[extracts]] (''e.g.'', pollen, grass, mite proteins, peanut extract) are introduced to sites on the skin marked with pen or dye (the ink/dye should be carefully selected, lest it cause an allergic response itself). A small plastic or metal device is used to puncture or prick the skin. Sometimes, the allergens are injected "intradermally" into the patient's skin, with a needle and syringe. Common areas for testing include the inside forearm and the back. If the patient is allergic to the substance, then a visible inflammatory reaction will usually occur within 30 minutes. This response will range from slight reddening of the skin to a full-blown [[Urticaria\|hive]] (called "wheal and flare") in more sensitive patients similar to a [[mosquito bite]]. Interpretation of the results of the skin prick test is normally done by allergists on a scale of severity, with +/− meaning borderline reactivity, and 4+ being a large reaction. Increasingly, allergists are measuring and recording the diameter of the wheal and flare reaction. Interpretation by well-trained allergists is often guided by relevant literature.<ref name="pmid16164451"/> Some patients may believe they have determined their own allergic sensitivity from observation, but a skin test has been shown to be much better than patient observation to detect allergy.<ref name="pmid11101180"/> If a serious life-threatening anaphylactic reaction has brought a patient in for evaluation, some allergists will prefer an initial blood test prior to performing the skin prick test. Skin tests may not be an option if the patient has widespread skin disease, or has taken [[antihistamines]] in the last several days. ===Patch testing=== {{Main\|Patch test}} [[File:Epikutanni-test.jpg\|thumb\|[[Patch test]]]] Patch testing is a method used to determine if a specific substance causes allergic inflammation of the skin. It tests for delayed reactions. It is used to help ascertain the cause of skin contact allergy, or [[contact dermatitis]]. Adhesive patches, usually treated with a number of common allergic chemicals or skin sensitizers, are applied to the back. The skin is then examined for possible local reactions at least twice, usually at 48 hours after application of the patch, and again two or three days later. ===Blood testing=== An allergy [[blood test]] is quick and simple, and can be ordered by a licensed health care provider (''e.g.'', an allergy specialist) or general practitioner. Unlike skin-prick testing, a blood test can be performed irrespective of age, skin condition, medication, symptom, disease activity, and pregnancy. Adults and children of any age can get an allergy blood test. For babies and very young children, a single needle stick for allergy blood testing is often more gentle than several skin pricks. An allergy blood test is available through most [[Medical laboratory\|laboratories]]. A sample of the patient's blood is sent to a laboratory for analysis, and the results are sent back a few days later. Multiple allergens can be detected with a single blood sample. Allergy blood tests are very safe, since the person is not exposed to any allergens during the testing procedure. The test measures the concentration of specific [[IgE\|IgE antibodies]] in the blood. [[Quantitative analysis (chemistry)\|Quantitative]] IgE test results increase the possibility of ranking how different substances may affect symptoms. A rule of thumb is that the higher the IgE antibody value, the greater the likelihood of symptoms. Allergens found at low levels that today do not result in symptoms can not help predict future symptom development. The quantitative allergy blood result can help determine what a patient is allergic to, help predict and follow the disease development, estimate the risk of a severe reaction, and explain [[cross-reactivity]].<ref>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Yunginger JW, Ahlstedt S, Eggleston PA, Homburger HA, Nelson HS, Ownby DR, Platts-Mills TA, Sampson HA, Sicherer SH, Weinstein AM, Williams PB \| display-authors = 6 \|title=Quantitative IgE antibody assays in allergic diseases \|journal=Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology \|date=June 2000 \|volume=105 \|issue=6 \|pages=1077–84 \|doi=10.1067/mai.2000.107041\| pmid = 10856139 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Sampson HA \| title = Utility of food-specific IgE concentrations in predicting symptomatic food allergy \| journal = The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology \| volume = 107 \| issue = 5 \| pages = 891–96 \| date = May 2001 \| pmid = 11344358 \| doi = 10.1067/mai.2001.114708 }}</ref> A low total IgE level is not adequate to rule out [[Sensitization (immunology)\|sensitization]] to commonly inhaled allergens.<ref name="pmid12911420"/> [[statistics\|Statistical methods]], such as [[ROC curve]]s, predictive value calculations, and likelihood ratios have been used to examine the relationship of various testing methods to each other. These methods have shown that patients with a high total IgE have a high probability of allergic sensitization, but further investigation with allergy tests for specific IgE antibodies for a carefully chosen of allergens is often warranted. Laboratory methods to measure specific IgE antibodies for allergy testing include [[enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay]] (ELISA, or EIA),<ref name=webmd>{{cite web\|url=http://www.webmd.com/allergies/guide/blood-test\|title=Blood Testing for Allergies\|access-date=5 June 2016\|website=[[WebMD]]\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604101105/http://www.webmd.com/allergies/guide/blood-test\|archive-date=4 June 2016}}</ref> [[radioallergosorbent test]] (RAST)<ref name=webmd/> and fluorescent enzyme [[immunoassay]] (FEIA).<ref name="KhanUeno-Yamanouchi2012">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Khan FM, Ueno-Yamanouchi A, Serushago B, Bowen T, Lyon AW, Lu C, Storek J \| title = Basophil activation test compared to skin prick test and fluorescence enzyme immunoassay for aeroallergen-specific Immunoglobulin-E \| journal = Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology \| volume = 8 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 1 \| date = January 2012 \| pmid = 22264407 \| doi = 10.1186/1710-1492-8-1 \| pmc=3398323}}</ref> ===Other testing=== '''Challenge testing:''' Challenge testing is when small amounts of a suspected allergen are introduced to the body orally, through inhalation, or via other routes. Except for testing food and medication allergies, challenges are rarely performed. When this type of testing is chosen, it must be closely supervised by an [[allergist]]. '''Elimination/challenge tests:''' This testing method is used most often with foods or medicines. A patient with a suspected allergen is instructed to modify his diet to totally avoid that allergen for a set time. If the patient experiences significant improvement, he may then be "challenged" by reintroducing the allergen, to see if symptoms are reproduced. '''Unreliable tests:''' There are other types of allergy testing methods that are unreliable, including [[applied kinesiology]] (allergy testing through muscle relaxation), [[cytotoxicity]] testing, urine autoinjection, skin [[titration]] (Rinkel method), and provocative and neutralization (subcutaneous) testing or sublingual provocation.<ref name="Allergy Diagnosis"/> ===Differential diagnosis=== Before a diagnosis of allergic disease can be confirmed, other possible causes of the presenting symptoms should be considered.<ref>{{EMedicine\|med\|3390\|Allergic and Environmental Asthma}} – Includes discussion of differentials</ref> [[Vasomotor rhinitis]], for example, is one of many illnesses that share symptoms with allergic rhinitis, underscoring the need for professional differential diagnosis.<ref name="pmid16190503"/> Once a diagnosis of [[asthma]], rhinitis, [[anaphylaxis]], or other allergic disease has been made, there are several methods for discovering the causative agent of that allergy. ==Prevention== {{See\|Allergy prevention in children}} Giving peanut products early may decrease the risk allergies while only [[breastfeeding]] during at least the first few months of life may decrease the risk of [[dermatitis]].<ref name=Gre2019>{{cite journal \|last1=Greer \|first1=Frank R. \|last2=Sicherer \|first2=Scott H. \|last3=Burks \|first3=A. Wesley \|title=The Effects of Early Nutritional Interventions on the Development of Atopic Disease in Infants and Children: The Role of Maternal Dietary Restriction, Breastfeeding, Hydrolyzed Formulas, and Timing of Introduction of Allergenic Complementary Foods \|journal=Pediatrics \|date=April 2019 \|volume=143 \|issue=4 \|pages=e20190281 \|doi=10.1542/peds.2019-0281 \|pmid=30886111\|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=Gar2018/> There is no good evidence that a mother's diet during [[pregnancy]] or breastfeeding affects the risk.<ref name=Gre2019/> Nor is there evidence that delayed introduction of certain foods is useful.<ref name=Gre2019/> Early exposure to potential allergens may actually be protective.<ref name="Sic2014" /> Fish oil supplementation during pregnancy is associated with a lower risk.<ref name=Gar2018>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Garcia-Larsen V, Ierodiakonou D, Jarrold K, Cunha S, Chivinge J, Robinson Z, Geoghegan N, Ruparelia A, Devani P, Trivella M, Leonardi-Bee J, Boyle RJ \| title = Diet during pregnancy and infancy and risk of allergic or autoimmune disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis \| journal = PLoS Medicine \| volume = 15 \| issue = 2 \| pages = e1002507 \| date = February 2018 \| pmid = 29489823 \| doi = 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002507 \| pmc=5830033}}</ref> Probiotic supplements during pregnancy or infancy may help to prevent [[atopic dermatitis]].<ref>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Pelucchi C, Chatenoud L, Turati F, Galeone C, Moja L, Bach JF, La Vecchia C \| title = Probiotics supplementation during pregnancy or infancy for the prevention of atopic dermatitis: a meta-analysis \| journal = Epidemiology \| volume = 23 \| issue = 3 \| pages = 402–14 \| date = May 2012 \| pmid = 22441545 \| doi = 10.1097/EDE.0b013e31824d5da2 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Sinn\|first=John KH\|last2=Osborn\|first2=David A.\|date=2007\|title=Prebiotics in infants for prevention of allergy and food hypersensitivity\|journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews\|language=en\|issue=2\|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD006474\|issn=1465-1858}}</ref> ==Management== Management of allergies typically involves avoiding what triggers the allergy and medications to improve the symptoms.<ref name=NIH2015Imm/> [[Allergen immunotherapy]] may be useful for some types of allergies.<ref name=NIH2015Imm/> ===Medication=== Several medications may be used to block the action of allergic mediators, or to prevent activation of cells and [[degranulation]] processes. These include [[antihistamine]]s, [[glucocorticoid]]s, [[epinephrine]] (adrenaline), [[mast cell stabilizer]]s, and [[antileukotriene agent]]s are common treatments of allergic diseases.<ref name="MCAS">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Frieri M \| title = Mast Cell Activation Syndrome \| journal = Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology \| volume = 54 \| issue = 3 \| pages = 353–65 \| date = June 2018 \| pmid = 25944644 \| doi = 10.1007/s12016-015-8487-6 }}</ref> [[Anticholinergic\|Anti-cholinergics]], [[decongestant]]s, and other compounds thought to impair [[eosinophil]] [[chemotaxis]], are also commonly used. Although rare, the severity of [[anaphylaxis]] often requires [[epinephrine]] injection, and where medical care is unavailable, a device known as an [[epinephrine autoinjector]] may be used.<ref name=tang03/> ===Immunotherapy=== {{main\|Allergen immunotherapy}} [[File:Anti-Allergy Immunotherapy.jpg\|thumb\|Anti-allergy immunotherapy]] Allergen [[immunotherapy]] is useful for environmental allergies, allergies to insect bites, and asthma.<ref name=NIH2015Imm/><ref name=Abra2010/> Its benefit for food allergies is unclear and thus not recommended.<ref name=NIH2015Imm/> Immunotherapy involves exposing people to larger and larger amounts of allergen in an effort to change the immune system's response.<ref name=NIH2015Imm/> Meta-analyses have found that injections of allergens under the skin is effective in the treatment in allergic rhinitis in children<ref name="Penagos06">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Penagos M, Compalati E, Tarantini F, Baena-Cagnani R, Huerta J, Passalacqua G, Canonica GW \| title = Efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy in the treatment of allergic rhinitis in pediatric patients 3 to 18 years of age: a meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials \| journal = Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology \| volume = 97 \| issue = 2 \| pages = 141–48 \| date = August 2006 \| pmid = 16937742 \| doi = 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60004-X }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Calderon MA, Alves B, Jacobson M, Hurwitz B, Sheikh A, Durham S \| title = Allergen injection immunotherapy for seasonal allergic rhinitis \| journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews \| issue = 1 \| pages = CD001936 \| date = January 2007 \| pmid = 17253469 \| doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD001936.pub2 \| pmc = 7017974 }}</ref> and in asthma.<ref name=Abra2010>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Abramson MJ, Puy RM, Weiner JM \| title = Injection allergen immunotherapy for asthma \| journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews \| issue = 8 \| pages = CD001186 \| date = August 2010 \| pmid = 20687065 \| doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD001186.pub2 }}</ref> The benefits may last for years after treatment is stopped.<ref name=Canonica09/> It is generally safe and effective for allergic rhinitis and [[Allergic conjunctivitis\|conjunctivitis]], allergic forms of asthma, and stinging insects.<ref name="pmid17803880"/> The evidence also supports the use of [[sublingual immunotherapy]] for rhinitis and asthma but it is less strong.<ref name=Canonica09>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Canonica GW, Bousquet J, Casale T, Lockey RF, Baena-Cagnani CE, Pawankar R, Potter PC, Bousquet PJ, Cox LS, Durham SR, Nelson HS, Passalacqua G, Ryan DP, Brozek JL, Compalati E, Dahl R, Delgado L, van Wijk RG, Gower RG, Ledford DK, Filho NR, Valovirta EJ, Yusuf OM, Zuberbier T, Akhanda W, Almarales RC, Ansotegui I, Bonifazi F, Ceuppens J, Chivato T, Dimova D, Dumitrascu D, Fontana L, Katelaris CH, Kaulsay R, Kuna P, Larenas-Linnemann D, Manoussakis M, Nekam K, Nunes C, O'Hehir R, Olaguibel JM, Onder NB, Park JW, Priftanji A, Puy R, Sarmiento L, Scadding G, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Seberova E, Sepiashvili R, Solé D, Togias A, Tomino C, Toskala E, Van Beever H, Vieths S \| display-authors = 6 \| title = Sub-lingual immunotherapy: World Allergy Organization Position Paper 2009 \| journal = Allergy \| volume = 64 Suppl 91 \| pages = 1–59 \| date = December 2009 \| pmid = 20041860 \| doi = 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02309.x \| url = http://www.worldallergy.org/publications/slit-wao-pp_final.pdf \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111112132041/http://www.worldallergy.org/publications/slit-wao-pp_final.pdf \| url-status = dead \| archive-date = 12 November 2011 }}</ref> For seasonal allergies the benefit is small.<ref>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Di Bona D, Plaia A, Leto-Barone MS, La Piana S, Di Lorenzo G \| title = Efficacy of Grass Pollen Allergen Sublingual Immunotherapy Tablets for Seasonal Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis \| journal = JAMA Internal Medicine \| volume = 175 \| issue = 8 \| pages = 1301–09 \| date = August 2015 \| pmid = 26120825 \| doi = 10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.2840 \| doi-access = free }}</ref> In this form the allergen is given under the tongue and people often prefer it to injections.<ref name=Canonica09/> Immunotherapy is not recommended as a stand-alone treatment for asthma.<ref name=Canonica09/> ===Alternative medicine=== An experimental treatment, [[enzyme potentiated desensitization]] (EPD), has been tried for decades but is not generally accepted as effective.<ref name="pmid15042943"/> EPD uses dilutions of allergen and an enzyme, [[beta-glucuronidase]], to which [[T-lymphocytes, regulatory\|T-regulatory lymphocytes]] are supposed to respond by favoring desensitization, or down-regulation, rather than sensitization. EPD has also been tried for the treatment of [[autoimmune diseases]] but evidence does not show effectiveness.<ref name="pmid15042943" /> A review found no effectiveness of [[homeopathic treatment]]s and no difference compared with [[placebo]]. The authors concluded that, based on rigorous clinical trials of all types of homeopathy for childhood and adolescence ailments, there is no convincing evidence that supports the use of homeopathic treatments.<ref name="pmid17285788"/> According to the [[National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health]], U.S, the evidence is relatively strong that [[saline nasal irrigation]] and [[butterbur]] are effective, when compared to other [[alternative medicine]] treatments, for which the scientific evidence is weak, negative, or nonexistent, such as honey, acupuncture, omega 3's, probiotics, astragalus, capsaicin, grape seed extract, Pycnogenol, quercetin, spirulina, stinging nettle, tinospora or guduchi. <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.webmd.com/allergies/ss/slideshow-natural-relief \|title=Archived copy \|access-date=3 July 2016 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702011133/http://www.webmd.com/allergies/ss/slideshow-natural-relief \|archive-date=2 July 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=https://nccih.nih.gov/health/providers/digest/allergies-science \|title=Archived copy \|access-date=3 July 2016 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160705152320/https://nccih.nih.gov/health/providers/digest/allergies-science \|archive-date=5 July 2016 \|date=11 April 2013 }}</ref> ==Epidemiology== The allergic diseases—hay fever and asthma—have increased in the [[Western world]] over the past 2–3 decades.<ref name="Platts"/> Increases in allergic asthma and other atopic disorders in industrialized nations, it is estimated, began in the 1960s and 1970s, with further increases occurring during the 1980s and 1990s,<ref name=" Bloomfield"/> although some suggest that a steady rise in sensitization has been occurring since the 1920s.<ref name="The allergy epidemic extends beyond the past few decades"/> The number of new cases per year of atopy in developing countries has, in general, remained much lower.<ref name=" Bloomfield"/> {\| class = "wikitable" style = "width:70%; float:center; font-size:90%; margin-left:15px" \|+ Allergic conditions: Statistics and epidemiology \|- ! Allergy type \|\| United States \|\| United Kingdom<ref name="Chapter 4: The Extent and Burden of Allergy in the United Kingdom"/> \|- \| Allergic rhinitis \|\|35.9 million<ref name="AAAAI - rhinitis, sinusitis, hay fever, stuffy nose, watery eyes, sinus infection"/> (about 11% of the population<ref>Based on an estimated population of 303 million in 2007 [https://www.census.gov/population/www/popclockus.html U.S. POPClock] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516231727/http://www.census.gov/population/www/popclockus.html \|date=16 May 2012 }}. U.S. Census Bureau.</ref>)\|\|3.3 million (about 5.5% of the population<ref>Based on an estimated population of 60.6 million [http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=6 UK population grows to 60.6 million] {{webarchive\|url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20021202165044/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=6 \|date=2 December 2002 }}</ref>) \|- \| Asthma \|\|10 million have allergic asthma (about 3% of the population). The prevalence of asthma increased 75% from 1980 to 1994. Asthma prevalence is 39% higher in [[African American]]s than in [[Ethnic groups in Europe\|Europeans]].<ref name="AAAAI - asthma, allergy, allergies, prevention of allergies and asthma, treatment for allergies and asthma"/> \|\| 5.7 million (about 9.4%). In six- and seven-year-olds asthma increased from 18.4% to 20.9% over five years, during the same time the rate decreased from 31% to 24.7% in 13- to 14-year-olds. \|- \| Atopic eczema \|\|About 9% of the population. Between 1960 and 1990, prevalence has increased from 3% to 10% in children.<ref name="AAAAI - skin condition, itchy skin, bumps, red irritated skin, allergic reaction, treating skin condition"/>\|\| 5.8 million (about 1% severe). \|- \| Anaphylaxis \|\| At least 40 deaths per year due to insect venom. About 400 deaths due to penicillin anaphylaxis. About 220 cases of anaphylaxis and 3 deaths per year are due to latex allergy.<ref name="AAAAI - anaphylaxis, cause of anaphylaxis, prevention, allergist, anaphylaxis statistics"/> An estimated 150 people die annually from anaphylaxis due to food allergy.<ref name=Food/>\|\| Between 1999 and 2006, 48 deaths occurred in people ranging from five months to 85 years old. \|- \| Insect venom \|\|Around 15% of adults have mild, localized allergic reactions. Systemic reactions occur in 3% of adults and less than 1% of children.<ref name="AAAAI - stinging insect, allergic reaction to bug bite, treatment for insect bite"/>\|\| Unknown \|- \| Drug allergies \|\| Anaphylactic reactions to penicillin cause 400 deaths per year. \|\| Unknown \|- \| Food allergies \|\|About 6% of US children under age 3 and 3.5–4% of the overall US population.{{Citation needed\|date=December 2008}} Peanut and/or tree nut (e.g. [[walnut]]) allergy affects about three million Americans, or 1.1% of the population.<ref name="Food"/> \|\|5–7% of infants and 1–2% of adults. A 117.3% increase in peanut allergies was observed from 2001 to 2005, an estimated 25,700 people in England are affected. \|- \| Multiple allergies (Asthma, eczema and allergic rhinitis together) \|\|Unknown \|\|2.3 million (about 3.7%), prevalence has increased by 48.9% between 2001 and 2005.<ref name="Incidence and prevalence of multiple allergic disorders recorded in a national primary care database"/> \|} ===Changing frequency=== Although genetic factors govern susceptibility to atopic disease, increases in [[atopy]] have occurred within too short a time frame to be explained by a genetic change in the population, thus pointing to environmental or lifestyle changes.<ref name=" Bloomfield"/> Several hypotheses have been identified to explain this increased rate; increased exposure to perennial allergens due to housing changes and increasing time spent indoors, and changes in cleanliness or hygiene that have resulted in the decreased activation of a common immune control mechanism, coupled with dietary changes, obesity and decline in physical exercise.<ref name=Platts/> The [[hygiene hypothesis]] maintains<ref name="Hay fever, hygiene, and household size"/> that high living standards and hygienic conditions exposes children to fewer infections. It is thought that reduced bacterial and viral infections early in life direct the maturing immune system away from [[T helper cell\|T<sub>H</sub>]]1 type responses, leading to unrestrained T<sub>H</sub>2 responses that allow for an increase in allergy.<ref name=Yazdanbakhsh02/><ref name="Renz"/> Changes in rates and types of infection alone however, have been unable to explain the observed increase in allergic disease, and recent evidence has focused attention on the importance of the [[Gut flora\|gastrointestinal microbial environment]]. Evidence has shown that exposure to food and [[fecal-oral route\|fecal-oral]] pathogens, such as [[hepatitis A]], ''[[Toxoplasma gondii]]'', and ''[[Helicobacter pylori]]'' (which also tend to be more prevalent in developing countries), can reduce the overall risk of atopy by more than 60%,<ref name="Exposure to foodborne and orofecal microbes versus airborne viruses in relation to atopy and allergic asthma: epidemiological study"/> and an increased rate of parasitic infections has been associated with a decreased prevalence of asthma.<ref name="Parasites and asthma--predictive or protective?"/> It is speculated that these infections exert their effect by critically altering T<sub>H</sub>1/T<sub>H</sub>2 regulation.<ref name=" Sheikh" /> Important elements of newer hygiene hypotheses also include exposure to [[endotoxin]]s, exposure to [[pet]]s and growing up on a farm.<ref name=" Sheikh"/> ==History== Some symptoms attributable to allergic diseases are mentioned in ancient sources.<ref name="aai">{{Cite journal \| url =https://aai.org.tr/index.php/aai/article/download/406/321 \|title=Were Allergic Diseases Prevalent in Antiquity?\|author1=Kürşat Epöztürk \|author2=Şefik Görkey\|journal=Asthma Allergy Immunol\| doi=10.21911/aai.406\|date=2018\| access-date =22 September 2018\|doi-access=free}}</ref> Particularly, three members of the Roman [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]] ([[Augustus]], [[Claudius]] and [[Britannicus]]) are suspected to have a family history of [[atopy]].<ref name="aai"/><ref>{{cite journal \|title=1st description of an "atopic family anamnesis" in the Julio-Claudian imperial house: Augustus, Claudius, Britannicus\|author=Ring J.\|pmid=3899999\| date=August 1985\| volume=36\|issue = 8\| journal=Hautarzt\| pages=470–71}}</ref> The concept of "allergy" was originally introduced in 1906 by the [[Vienna, Austria\|Viennese]] [[pediatrician]] [[Clemens von Pirquet]], after he noticed that patients who had received injections of horse serum or smallpox vaccine usually had quicker, more severe reactions to second injections.<ref>{{WhoNamedIt\|Doctor\|2382\|Clemens Peter Pirquet von Cesenatico}}</ref> Pirquet called this phenomenon "allergy" from the [[Ancient Greek language\|Ancient Greek]] words [[wikt:ἄλλος\|ἄλλος]] ''allos'' meaning "other" and [[wikt:ἔργον\|ἔργον]] ''ergon'' meaning "work".<ref name="Allergie"/> All forms of hypersensitivity used to be classified as allergies, and all were thought to be caused by an improper activation of the immune system. Later, it became clear that several different [[disease]] mechanisms were implicated, with the common link to a disordered activation of the immune system. In 1963, a new classification scheme was designed by [[Philip George Houthem Gell\|Philip Gell]] and [[Robin Coombs]] that described four types of [[hypersensitivities\|hypersensitivity reactions]], known as Type I to Type IV hypersensitivity.<ref name="GellCoombs"/> With this new classification, the word ''allergy'', sometimes clarified as a '''true allergy''', was restricted to type I hypersensitivities (also called immediate hypersensitivity), which are characterized as rapidly developing reactions involving IgE antibodies.<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sXagBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA361\|title=The Complement System: Novel Roles in Health and Disease\|last=Szebeni\|first=Janos\|date=8 May 2007\|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media\|isbn=978-1-4020-8056-2\|pages=361\|language=en}}</ref> A major breakthrough in understanding the mechanisms of allergy was the discovery of the antibody class labeled [[immunoglobulin E]] (IgE). IgE was simultaneously discovered in 1966–67 by two independent groups:<ref>{{cite journal \|author=Stanworth DR \|year=1993 \|title=The discovery of IgE \|journal=Allergy \|volume=48 \|issue= 2\|pages=67–71 \|doi=10.1111/j.1398-9995.1993.tb00687.x \|pmid=8457034 }}</ref> [[Kimishige Ishizaka\|Ishizaka]]'s team at the Children's Asthma Research Institute and Hospital in Denver, Colorado,<ref name="Ishizaka K"/> and by Gunnar Johansson and Hans Bennich in Uppsala, Sweden.<ref>Johansson SG, Bennich H. Immunological studies of an atypical (myeloma) immunoglobulin" ''Immunology'' 1967; 13:381–94.</ref> Their joint paper was published in April 1969.<ref name="Joint paper 1969">{{cite journal \|title=Histamine Release from Human Leukocytes by Anti-λE Antibodies \|journal=Journal of Immunology \|date=1 April 1969 \|last=Ishizaka \|first=Teruko \|last2=Ishizaka \|first2=Kimishige \|last3=Johansson \|first3=S. Gunnar O. \|last4=Bennich \|first4=Hans \|volume=102 \|issue=4 \|pages=884–92 \|url=http://www.jimmunol.org/content/102/4/884.abstract \|access-date=29 February 2016}}</ref> ===Diagnosis=== Radiometric assays include the [[radioallergosorbent test]] (RAST test) method, which uses IgE-binding (anti-IgE) antibodies labeled with [[radioactive isotope]]s for quantifying the levels of IgE antibody in the blood.<ref name="pmid7630219">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Ten RM, Klein JS, Frigas E \| title = Allergy skin testing \| journal = Mayo Clinic Proceedings \| volume = 70 \| issue = 8 \| pages = 783–84 \| date = August 1995 \| pmid = 7630219 \| doi = 10.4065/70.8.783 \| url = http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196(11)64353-X/abstract }}</ref> Other newer methods use colorimetric or fluorescence-labeled technology in the place of radioactive isotopes.{{citation needed\|date=April 2014}} The RAST methodology was invented and marketed in 1974 by Pharmacia Diagnostics AB, Uppsala, Sweden, and the acronym RAST is actually a brand name. In 1989, Pharmacia Diagnostics AB replaced it with a superior test named the ImmunoCAP Specific IgE blood test, which uses the newer fluorescence-labeled technology.{{citation needed\|date=April 2014}} [[American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology\|American College of Allergy Asthma and Immunology]] (ACAAI) and the [[American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology\|American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology]] (AAAAI) issued the Joint Task Force Report "Pearls and pitfalls of allergy diagnostic testing" in 2008, and is firm in its statement that the term RAST is now obsolete: {{quote\|The term RAST became a colloquialism for all varieties of (in vitro allergy) tests. This is unfortunate because it is well recognized that there are well-performing tests and some that do not perform so well, yet they are all called RASTs, making it difficult to distinguish which is which. For these reasons, it is now recommended that use of RAST as a generic descriptor of these tests be abandoned.<ref name="Cox2008" />}} The new version, the ImmunoCAP Specific IgE blood test, is the only specific IgE assay to receive [[Food and Drug Administration]] approval to quantitatively report to its detection limit of 0.1kU/l.{{citation needed\|date=April 2014}} ==Medical specialty== An allergist is a physician specially trained to manage and treat allergies, [[asthma]] and the other allergic diseases. In the United States physicians holding certification by the [[American Board of Allergy and Immunology]] (ABAI) have successfully completed an accredited educational program and evaluation process, including a proctored examination to demonstrate knowledge, skills, and experience in patient care in allergy and immunology.<ref name="ABAI: American Board of Allergy and Immunology"/> Becoming an allergist/immunologist requires completion of at least nine years of training. After completing medical school and graduating with a medical degree, a physician will undergo three years of training in [[internal medicine]] (to become an internist) or [[pediatrics]] (to become a pediatrician). Once physicians have finished training in one of these specialties, they must pass the exam of either the [[American Board of Pediatrics]] (ABP), the [[American Osteopathic Board of Pediatrics]] (AOBP), the [[American Board of Internal Medicine]] (ABIM), or the [[American Osteopathic Board of Internal Medicine]] (AOBIM). Internists or pediatricians wishing to focus on the sub-specialty of allergy-immunology then complete at least an additional two years of study, called a fellowship, in an allergy/immunology training program. Allergist/immunologists listed as ABAI-certified have successfully passed the certifying examination of the ABAI following their fellowship.<ref name="AAAAI - What is an Allergist?"/> In the United Kingdom, allergy is a subspecialty of [[general medicine]] or [[pediatrics]]. After obtaining postgraduate exams ([[Membership of the Royal College of Physicians\|MRCP]] or [[Membership of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health\|MRCPCH]]), a doctor works for several years as a [[specialist registrar]] before qualifying for the [[General Medical Council]] specialist register. Allergy services may also be delivered by [[immunologist]]s. A 2003 [[Royal College of Physicians]] report presented a case for improvement of what were felt to be inadequate allergy services in the UK.<ref>Royal College of Physicians (2003). ''Allergy: the unmet need''. London: Royal College of Physicians. {{ISBN\|978-1-86016-183-4}}. [http://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/pubs/contents/81e384d6-0328-4653-9cc2-2aa7baa3c56a.pdf PDF version] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071128175524/http://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/pubs/contents/81e384d6-0328-4653-9cc2-2aa7baa3c56a.pdf \|date=28 November 2007 }} (1.03 MB)</ref> In 2006, the [[House of Lords]] convened a subcommittee. It concluded likewise in 2007 that allergy services were insufficient to deal with what the Lords referred to as an "allergy epidemic" and its social cost; it made several recommendations.<ref name="Allergy - HL 166-I, 6th Report of Session 2006-07 - Volume 1: Report"/> ==Research== Low-allergen foods are being developed, as are improvements in skin prick test predictions; evaluation of the [[atopy]] patch test; in wasp sting outcomes predictions and a rapidly disintegrating epinephrine tablet, and anti-[[Interleukin 5\|IL-5]] for eosinophilic diseases.<ref name="Advances in allergic skin disease, anaphylaxis, and hypersensitivity reactions to foods, drugs, and insects"/> [[Aerobiology]] is the study of the biological particles passively dispersed through the air. One aim is the prevention of allergies due to pollen.<ref name="(Galán et al., 2014)">Galán, C., Smith, M., Thibaudon, M., Frenguelli, G., Oteros, J., Gehrig, R., ... & EAS QC Working Group. (2014). Pollen monitoring: minimum requirements and reproducibility of analysis. Aerobiologia, 30(4), 385–395.</ref><ref>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Oteros J, Galán C, Alcázar P, Domínguez-Vilches E \| title = Quality control in bio-monitoring networks, Spanish Aerobiology Network \| journal = The Science of the Total Environment \| volume = 443 \| pages = 559–65 \| date = January 2013 \| pmid = 23220389 \| doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.11.040 }}</ref> == See also == * [[List of allergens]] * [[Allergic shiner]] * [[Histamine intolerance]] * [[Oral allergy syndrome]] == References == {{reflist\|32em\|refs= <ref name=" Bloomfield">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Bloomfield SF, Stanwell-Smith R, Crevel RW, Pickup J \| title = Too clean, or not too clean: the hygiene hypothesis and home hygiene \| journal = Clinical and Experimental Allergy \| volume = 36 \| issue = 4 \| pages = 402–25 \| date = April 2006 \| pmid = 16630145 \| pmc = 1448690 \| doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2006.02463.x }}</ref> <ref name=" Sheikh">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Sheikh A, Strachan DP \| title = The hygiene theory: fact or fiction? \| journal = Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery \| volume = 12 \| issue = 3 \| pages = 232–36 \| date = June 2004 \| pmid = 15167035 \| doi = 10.1097/01.moo.0000122311.13359.30 }}</ref> <ref name="AAAAI - anaphylaxis, cause of anaphylaxis, prevention, allergist, anaphylaxis statistics">{{cite web \|url=http://www.aaaai.org/patients/gallery/anaphylaxis.asp?item=1a \|title=AAAAI – anaphylaxis, cause of anaphylaxis, prevention, allergist, anaphylaxis statistics \|access-date=3 December 2007 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130155003/http://www.aaaai.org/patients/gallery/anaphylaxis.asp?item=1a \|archive-date=30 November 2010 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="A meta-analysis of the association between Caesarean section and childhood asthma">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Thavagnanam S, Fleming J, Bromley A, Shields MD, Cardwell CR \| title = A meta-analysis of the association between Caesarean section and childhood asthma \| journal = Clinical and Experimental Allergy \| volume = 38 \| issue = 4 \| pages = 629–33 \| date = April 2008 \| pmid = 18352976 \| doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.02780.x }}</ref> <ref name="AAAAI - What is an Allergist?">{{cite web\|url=http://www.aaaai.org/media/resources/allergist.asp \|title=AAAAI – What is an Allergist? \|access-date=5 August 2007 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130000642/http://www.aaaai.org/media/resources/allergist.asp \|archive-date=30 November 2010 \|url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="AAAAI - asthma, allergy, allergies, prevention of allergies and asthma, treatment for allergies and asthma">{{cite web \|url=http://www.aaaai.org/patients/gallery/prevention.asp?item=1a \|title=AAAAI – asthma, allergy, allergies, prevention of allergies and asthma, treatment for allergies and asthma \|access-date=3 December 2007 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718174927/http://www.aaaai.org/patients/gallery/prevention.asp?item=1a \|archive-date=18 July 2011 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="AAAAI - rhinitis, sinusitis, hay fever, stuffy nose, watery eyes, sinus infection">{{cite web \|url=http://www.aaaai.org/patients/gallery/rhinitissinusitis.asp?item=1a \|title=AAAAI – rhinitis, sinusitis, hay fever, stuffy nose, watery eyes, sinus infection \|access-date=3 December 2007 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718174853/http://www.aaaai.org/patients/gallery/rhinitissinusitis.asp?item=1a \|archive-date=18 July 2011 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="AAAAI - 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Retrieved 6 July 2008.</ref> <ref name="pmid12911420">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Kerkhof M, Dubois AE, Postma DS, Schouten JP, de Monchy JG \| title = Role and interpretation of total serum IgE measurements in the diagnosis of allergic airway disease in adults \| journal = Allergy \| volume = 58 \| issue = 9 \| pages = 905–11 \| date = September 2003 \| pmid = 12911420 \| doi = 10.1034/j.1398-9995.2003.00230.x }}</ref> <ref name="pmid15042943">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Terr AI \| title = Unproven and controversial forms of immunotherapy \| journal = Clinical Allergy and Immunology \| volume = 18 \| pages = 703–10 \| year = 2004 \| pmid = 15042943 }}</ref> <!-- Unused citation <ref name="pmid16047713">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Vidal C, Gude F, Boquete O \|title=Evaluation of the phadiatop test in the diagnosis of allergic sensitization in a general adult population \|journal=Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology \|volume=15 \|issue=2 \|pages=124–30 \|year=2005 \|pmid=16047713 \|display-authors=etal}}</ref> --> <ref name="pmid16164451">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Verstege A, Mehl A, Rolinck-Werninghaus C, Staden U, Nocon M, Beyer K, Niggemann B \| title = The predictive value of the skin prick test weal size for the outcome of oral food challenges \| journal = Clinical and Experimental Allergy \| volume = 35 \| issue = 9 \| pages = 1220–26 \| date = September 2005 \| pmid = 16164451 \| doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.2324.x \| display-authors = etal }}</ref> <ref name="pmid16190503">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Wheeler PW, Wheeler SF \| title = Vasomotor rhinitis \| journal = American Family Physician \| volume = 72 \| issue = 6 \| pages = 1057–62 \| date = September 2005 \| pmid = 16190503 \| url = http://www.aafp.org/afp/20050915/1057.html \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080821193716/http://www.aafp.org/afp/20050915/1057.html \| url-status = dead \| archive-date = 21 August 2008 }}</ref> <ref name="pmid17285788">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Altunç U, Pittler MH, Ernst E \| title = Homeopathy for childhood and adolescence ailments: systematic review of randomized clinical trials \| journal = Mayo Clinic Proceedings \| volume = 82 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 69–75 \| date = January 2007 \| pmid = 17285788 \| doi = 10.4065/82.1.69 \| citeseerx = 10.1.1.456.5352 }}</ref> <ref name="pmid17326711">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Addo-Yobo EO, Woodcock A, Allotey A, Baffoe-Bonnie B, Strachan D, Custovic A \| title = Exercise-induced bronchospasm and atopy in Ghana: two surveys ten years apart \| journal = PLoS Medicine \| volume = 4 \| issue = 2 \| pages = e70 \| date = February 2007 \| pmid = 17326711 \| pmc = 1808098 \| doi = 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040070 }}</ref> <ref name="pmid17382394">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Emanuelsson C, Spangfort MD \| title = Allergens as eukaryotic proteins lacking bacterial homologues \| journal = Molecular Immunology \| volume = 44 \| issue = 12 \| pages = 3256–60 \| date = May 2007 \| pmid = 17382394 \| doi = 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.01.019 }}</ref> <ref name="pmid17803880">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Rank MA, Li JT \| title = Allergen immunotherapy \| journal = Mayo Clinic Proceedings \| volume = 82 \| issue = 9 \| pages = 1119–23 \| date = September 2007 \| pmid = 17803880 \| doi = 10.4065/82.9.1119 \| doi-access = free }}</ref> <ref name="rusznak98">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Rusznak C, Davies RJ \| title = ABC of allergies. Diagnosing allergy \| journal = BMJ \| volume = 316 \| issue = 7132 \| pages = 686–89 \| date = February 1998 \| pmid = 9522798 \| pmc = 1112683 \| doi = 10.1136/bmj.316.7132.686 }}</ref> <ref name="tang03">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Tang AW \| title = A practical guide to anaphylaxis \| journal = American Family Physician \| volume = 68 \| issue = 7 \| pages = 1325–32 \| date = October 2003 \| pmid = 14567487 }}</ref> }} == External links == {{Medical resources \| DiseasesDB = 33481 \| ICD10 = {{ICD10\|T\|78\|4\|t\|66}} \| ICD9 = {{ICD9\|995.3}} \| MedlinePlus = 000812 \| eMedicineSubj = med \| eMedicineTopic = 1101 \| MeshID = D006967 }} {{Commons category\|Allergies}} {{Wikivoyage\|Allergies\|Allergies\|travel information}} * {{curlie\|Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Allergies/}} * {{cite web \| url = https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html \| publisher = U.S. National Library of Medicine \| work = MedlinePlus \| title = Allergy }} {{Allergic conditions}} {{Consequences of external causes}} {{Hypersensitivity and autoimmune diseases}} {{Portal bar\|Biology\|Medicine}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Allergology\| ]] [[Category:Effects of external causes]] [[Category:Immunology]] [[Category:Respiratory diseases]] [[Category:Immune system]] [[Category:Immune system disorders]] [[Category:Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate]] [[Category:RTTEM]]'
Unified diff of changes made by edit (`edit_diff`)	'@@ -9,5 +9,4570 @@ \| field = [[Immunology]] \| symptoms = [[allergic conjunctivitis\|Red eyes]], itchy rash, [[rhinorrhea\|runny nose]], [[shortness of breath]], swelling, [[sneezing]]<ref name=NIH2015Sym/> -\| complications = +\| complications =Bee Movie Script - Dialogue Transcript + + +According to all known laws +of aviation, + + +there is no way a bee +should be able to fly. + + +Its wings are too small to get +its fat little body off the ground. + + +The bee, of course, flies anyway + + +because bees don't care +what humans think is impossible. + + +Yellow, black. Yellow, black. +Yellow, black. Yellow, black. + + +Ooh, black and yellow! +Let's shake it up a little. + + +Barry! Breakfast is ready! + + +Ooming! + + +Hang on a second. + + +Hello? + + +- Barry? +- Adam? + + +- Oan you believe this is happening? +- I can't. I'll pick you up. + + +Looking sharp. + + +Use the stairs. Your father +paid good money for those. + + +Sorry. I'm excited. + + +Here's the graduate. +We're very proud of you, son. + + +A perfect report card, all B's. + + +Very proud. + + +Ma! I got a thing going here. + + +- You got lint on your fuzz. +- Ow! That's me! + + +- Wave to us! We'll be in row 118,000. +- Bye! + + +Barry, I told you, +stop flying in the house! + + +- Hey, Adam. +- Hey, Barry. + + +- Is that fuzz gel? +- A little. Special day, graduation. + + +Never thought I'd make it. + + +Three days grade school, +three days high school. + + +Those were awkward. + + +Three days college. I'm glad I took +a day and hitchhiked around the hive. + + +You did come back different. + + +- Hi, Barry. +- Artie, growing a mustache? Looks good. + + +- Hear about Frankie? +- Yeah. + + +- You going to the funeral? +- No, I'm not going. + + +Everybody knows, +sting someone, you die. + + +Don't waste it on a squirrel. +Such a hothead. + + +I guess he could have +just gotten out of the way. + + +I love this incorporating +an amusement park into our day. + + +That's why we don't need vacations. + + +Boy, quite a bit of pomp... +under the circumstances. + + +- Well, Adam, today we are men. +- We are! + + +- Bee-men. +- Amen! + + +Hallelujah! + + +Students, faculty, distinguished bees, + + +please welcome Dean Buzzwell. + + +Welcome, New Hive Oity +graduating class of... + + +...9:15. + + +That concludes our ceremonies. + + +And begins your career +at Honex Industries! + + +Will we pick ourjob today? + + +I heard it's just orientation. + + +Heads up! Here we go. + + +Keep your hands and antennas +inside the tram at all times. + + +- Wonder what it'll be like? +- A little scary. + + +Welcome to Honex, +a division of Honesco + + +and a part of the Hexagon Group. + + +This is it! + + +Wow. + + +Wow. + + +We know that you, as a bee, +have worked your whole life + + +to get to the point where you +can work for your whole life. + + +Honey begins when our valiant Pollen +Jocks bring the nectar to the hive. + + +Our top-secret formula + + +is automatically color-corrected, +scent-adjusted and bubble-contoured + + +into this soothing sweet syrup + + +with its distinctive +golden glow you know as... + + +Honey! + + +- That girl was hot. +- She's my cousin! + + +- She is? +- Yes, we're all cousins. + + +- Right. You're right. +- At Honex, we constantly strive + + +to improve every aspect +of bee existence. + + +These bees are stress-testing +a new helmet technology. + + +- What do you think he makes? +- Not enough. + + +Here we have our latest advancement, +the Krelman. + + +- What does that do? +- Oatches that little strand of honey + + +that hangs after you pour it. +Saves us millions. + + +Oan anyone work on the Krelman? + + +Of course. Most bee jobs are +small ones. But bees know + + +that every small job, +if it's done well, means a lot. + + +But choose carefully + + +because you'll stay in the job +you pick for the rest of your life. + + +The same job the rest of your life? +I didn't know that. + + +What's the difference? + + +You'll be happy to know that bees, +as a species, haven't had one day off + + +in 27 million years. + + +So you'll just work us to death? + + +We'll sure try. + + +Wow! That blew my mind! + + +"What's the difference?" +How can you say that? + + +One job forever? +That's an insane choice to have to make. + + +I'm relieved. Now we only have +to make one decision in life. + + +But, Adam, how could they +never have told us that? + + +Why would you question anything? +We're bees. + + +We're the most perfectly +functioning society on Earth. + + +You ever think maybe things +work a little too well here? + + +Like what? Give me one example. + + +I don't know. But you know +what I'm talking about. + + +Please clear the gate. +Royal Nectar Force on approach. + + +Wait a second. Oheck it out. + + +- Hey, those are Pollen Jocks! +- Wow. + + +I've never seen them this close. + + +They know what it's like +outside the hive. + + +Yeah, but some don't come back. + + +- Hey, Jocks! +- Hi, Jocks! + + +You guys did great! + + +You're monsters! +You're sky freaks! I love it! I love it! + + +- I wonder where they were. +- I don't know. + + +Their day's not planned. + + +Outside the hive, flying who knows +where, doing who knows what. + + +You can'tjust decide to be a Pollen +Jock. You have to be bred for that. + + +Right. + + +Look. That's more pollen +than you and I will see in a lifetime. + + +It's just a status symbol. +Bees make too much of it. + + +Perhaps. Unless you're wearing it +and the ladies see you wearing it. + + +Those ladies? +Aren't they our cousins too? + + +Distant. Distant. + + +Look at these two. + + +- Oouple of Hive Harrys. +- Let's have fun with them. + + +It must be dangerous +being a Pollen Jock. + + +Yeah. Once a bear pinned me +against a mushroom! + + +He had a paw on my throat, +and with the other, he was slapping me! + + +- Oh, my! +- I never thought I'd knock him out. + + +What were you doing during this? + + +Trying to alert the authorities. + + +I can autograph that. + + +A little gusty out there today, +wasn't it, comrades? + + +Yeah. Gusty. + + +We're hitting a sunflower patch +six miles from here tomorrow. + + +- Six miles, huh? +- Barry! + + +A puddle jump for us, +but maybe you're not up for it. + + +- Maybe I am. +- You are not! + + +We're going 0900 at J-Gate. + + +What do you think, buzzy-boy? +Are you bee enough? + + +I might be. It all depends +on what 0900 means. + + +Hey, Honex! + + +Dad, you surprised me. + + +You decide what you're interested in? + + +- Well, there's a lot of choices. +- But you only get one. + + +Do you ever get bored +doing the same job every day? + + +Son, let me tell you about stirring. + + +You grab that stick, and you just +move it around, and you stir it around. + + +You get yourself into a rhythm. +It's a beautiful thing. + + +You know, Dad, +the more I think about it, + + +maybe the honey field +just isn't right for me. + + +You were thinking of what, +making balloon animals? + + +That's a bad job +for a guy with a stinger. + + +Janet, your son's not sure +he wants to go into honey! + + +- Barry, you are so funny sometimes. +- I'm not trying to be funny. + + +You're not funny! You're going +into honey. Our son, the stirrer! + + +- You're gonna be a stirrer? +- No one's listening to me! + + +Wait till you see the sticks I have. + + +I could say anything right now. +I'm gonna get an ant tattoo! + + +Let's open some honey and celebrate! + + +Maybe I'll pierce my thorax. +Shave my antennae. + + +Shack up with a grasshopper. Get +a gold tooth and call everybody "dawg"! + + +I'm so proud. + + +- We're starting work today! +- Today's the day. + + +Oome on! All the good jobs +will be gone. + + +Yeah, right. + + +Pollen counting, stunt bee, pouring, +stirrer, front desk, hair removal... + + +- Is it still available? +- Hang on. Two left! + + +One of them's yours! Oongratulations! +Step to the side. + + +- What'd you get? +- Picking crud out. Stellar! + + +Wow! + + +Oouple of newbies? + + +Yes, sir! Our first day! We are ready! + + +Make your choice. + + +- You want to go first? +- No, you go. + + +Oh, my. What's available? + + +Restroom attendant's open, +not for the reason you think. + + +- Any chance of getting the Krelman? +- Sure, you're on. + + +I'm sorry, the Krelman just closed out. + + +Wax monkey's always open. + + +The Krelman opened up again. + + +What happened? + + +A bee died. Makes an opening. See? +He's dead. Another dead one. + + +Deady. Deadified. Two more dead. + + +Dead from the neck up. +Dead from the neck down. That's life! + + +Oh, this is so hard! + + +Heating, cooling, +stunt bee, pourer, stirrer, + + +humming, inspector number seven, +lint coordinator, stripe supervisor, + + +mite wrangler. Barry, what +do you think I should... Barry? + + +Barry! + + +All right, we've got the sunflower patch +in quadrant nine... + + +What happened to you? +Where are you? + + +- I'm going out. +- Out? Out where? + + +- Out there. +- Oh, no! + + +I have to, before I go +to work for the rest of my life. + + +You're gonna die! You're crazy! Hello? + + +Another call coming in. + + +If anyone's feeling brave, +there's a Korean deli on 83rd + + +that gets their roses today. + + +Hey, guys. + + +- Look at that. +- Isn't that the kid we saw yesterday? + + +Hold it, son, flight deck's restricted. + + +It's OK, Lou. We're gonna take him up. + + +Really? Feeling lucky, are you? + + +Sign here, here. Just initial that. + + +- Thank you. +- OK. + + +You got a rain advisory today, + + +and as you all know, +bees cannot fly in rain. + + +So be careful. As always, +watch your brooms, + + +hockey sticks, dogs, +birds, bears and bats. + + +Also, I got a couple of reports +of root beer being poured on us. + + +Murphy's in a home because of it, +babbling like a cicada! + + +- That's awful. +- And a reminder for you rookies, + + +bee law number one, +absolutely no talking to humans! + + +All right, launch positions! + + +Buzz, buzz, buzz, buzz! Buzz, buzz, +buzz, buzz! Buzz, buzz, buzz, buzz! + + +Black and yellow! + + +Hello! + + +You ready for this, hot shot? + + +Yeah. Yeah, bring it on. + + +Wind, check. + + +- Antennae, check. +- Nectar pack, check. + + +- Wings, check. +- Stinger, check. + + +Scared out of my shorts, check. + + +OK, ladies, + + +let's move it out! + + +Pound those petunias, +you striped stem-suckers! + + +All of you, drain those flowers! + + +Wow! I'm out! + + +I can't believe I'm out! + + +So blue. + + +I feel so fast and free! + + +Box kite! + + +Wow! + + +Flowers! + + +This is Blue Leader. +We have roses visual. + + +Bring it around 30 degrees and hold. + + +Roses! + + +30 degrees, roger. Bringing it around. + + +Stand to the side, kid. +It's got a bit of a kick. + + +That is one nectar collector! + + +- Ever see pollination up close? +- No, sir. + + +I pick up some pollen here, sprinkle it +over here. Maybe a dash over there, + + +a pinch on that one. +See that? It's a little bit of magic. + + +That's amazing. Why do we do that? + + +That's pollen power. More pollen, more +flowers, more nectar, more honey for us. + + +Oool. + + +I'm picking up a lot of bright yellow. +Oould be daisies. Don't we need those? + + +Oopy that visual. + + +Wait. One of these flowers +seems to be on the move. + + +Say again? You're reporting +a moving flower? + + +Affirmative. + + +That was on the line! + + +This is the coolest. What is it? + + +I don't know, but I'm loving this color. + + +It smells good. +Not like a flower, but I like it. + + +Yeah, fuzzy. + + +Ohemical-y. + + +Oareful, guys. It's a little grabby. + + +My sweet lord of bees! + + +Oandy-brain, get off there! + + +Problem! + + +- Guys! +- This could be bad. + + +Affirmative. + + +Very close. + + +Gonna hurt. + + +Mama's little boy. + + +You are way out of position, rookie! + + +Ooming in at you like a missile! + + +Help me! + + +I don't think these are flowers. + + +- Should we tell him? +- I think he knows. + + +What is this?! + + +Match point! + + +You can start packing up, honey, +because you're about to eat it! + + +Yowser! + + +Gross. + + +There's a bee in the car! + + +- Do something! +- I'm driving! + + +- Hi, bee. +- He's back here! + + +He's going to sting me! + + +Nobody move. If you don't move, +he won't sting you. Freeze! + + +He blinked! + + +Spray him, Granny! + + +What are you doing?! + + +Wow... the tension level +out here is unbelievable. + + +I gotta get home. + + +Oan't fly in rain. + + +Oan't fly in rain. + + +Oan't fly in rain. + + +Mayday! Mayday! Bee going down! + + +Ken, could you close +the window please? + + +Ken, could you close +the window please? + + +Oheck out my new resume. +I made it into a fold-out brochure. + + +You see? Folds out. + + +Oh, no. More humans. I don't need this. + + +What was that? + + +Maybe this time. This time. This time. +This time! This time! This... + + +Drapes! + + +That is diabolical. + + +It's fantastic. It's got all my special +skills, even my top-ten favorite movies. + + +What's number one? Star Wars? + + +Nah, I don't go for that... + + +...kind of stuff. + + +No wonder we shouldn't talk to them. +They're out of their minds. + + +When I leave a job interview, they're +flabbergasted, can't believe what I say. + + +There's the sun. Maybe that's a way out. + + +I don't remember the sun +having a big 75 on it. + + +I predicted global warming. + + +I could feel it getting hotter. +At first I thought it was just me. + + +Wait! Stop! Bee! + + +Stand back. These are winter boots. + + +Wait! + + +Don't kill him! + + +You know I'm allergic to them! +This thing could kill me! + + +Why does his life have +less value than yours? + + +Why does his life have any less value +than mine? Is that your statement? + + +I'm just saying all life has value. You +don't know what he's capable of feeling. + + +My brochure! + + +There you go, little guy. + + +I'm not scared of him. +It's an allergic thing. + + +Put that on your resume brochure. + + +My whole face could puff up. + + +Make it one of your special skills. + + +Knocking someone out +is also a special skill. + + +Right. Bye, Vanessa. Thanks. + + +- Vanessa, next week? Yogurt night? +- Sure, Ken. You know, whatever. + + +- You could put carob chips on there. +- Bye. + + +- Supposed to be less calories. +- Bye. + + +I gotta say something. + + +She saved my life. +I gotta say something. + + +All right, here it goes. + + +Nah. + + +What would I say? + + +I could really get in trouble. + + +It's a bee law. +You're not supposed to talk to a human. + + +I can't believe I'm doing this. + + +I've got to. + + +Oh, I can't do it. Oome on! + + +No. Yes. No. + + +Do it. I can't. + + +How should I start it? +"You like jazz?" No, that's no good. + + +Here she comes! Speak, you fool! + + +Hi! + + +I'm sorry. + + +- You're talking. +- Yes, I know. + + +You're talking! + + +I'm so sorry. + + +No, it's OK. It's fine. +I know I'm dreaming. + + +But I don't recall going to bed. + + +Well, I'm sure this +is very disconcerting. + + +This is a bit of a surprise to me. +I mean, you're a bee! + + +I am. And I'm not supposed +to be doing this, + + +but they were all trying to kill me. + + +And if it wasn't for you... + + +I had to thank you. +It's just how I was raised. + + +That was a little weird. + + +- I'm talking with a bee. +- Yeah. + + +I'm talking to a bee. +And the bee is talking to me! + + +I just want to say I'm grateful. +I'll leave now. + + +- Wait! How did you learn to do that? +- What? + + +The talking thing. + + +Same way you did, I guess. +"Mama, Dada, honey." You pick it up. + + +- That's very funny. +- Yeah. + + +Bees are funny. If we didn't laugh, +we'd cry with what we have to deal with. + + +Anyway... + + +Oan I... + + +...get you something? +- Like what? + + +I don't know. I mean... +I don't know. Ooffee? + + +I don't want to put you out. + + +It's no trouble. It takes two minutes. + + +- It's just coffee. +- I hate to impose. + + +- Don't be ridiculous! +- Actually, I would love a cup. + + +Hey, you want rum cake? + + +- I shouldn't. +- Have some. + + +- No, I can't. +- Oome on! + + +I'm trying to lose a couple micrograms. + + +- Where? +- These stripes don't help. + + +You look great! + + +I don't know if you know +anything about fashion. + + +Are you all right? + + +No. + + +He's making the tie in the cab +as they're flying up Madison. + + +He finally gets there. + + +He runs up the steps into the church. +The wedding is on. + + +And he says, "Watermelon? +I thought you said Guatemalan. + + +Why would I marry a watermelon?" + + +Is that a bee joke? + + +That's the kind of stuff we do. + + +Yeah, different. + + +So, what are you gonna do, Barry? + + +About work? I don't know. + + +I want to do my part for the hive, +but I can't do it the way they want. + + +I know how you feel. + + +- You do? +- Sure. + + +My parents wanted me to be a lawyer or +a doctor, but I wanted to be a florist. + + +- Really? +- My only interest is flowers. + + +Our new queen was just elected +with that same campaign slogan. + + +Anyway, if you look... + + +There's my hive right there. See it? + + +You're in Sheep Meadow! + + +Yes! I'm right off the Turtle Pond! + + +No way! I know that area. +I lost a toe ring there once. + + +- Why do girls put rings on their toes? +- Why not? + + +- It's like putting a hat on your knee. +- Maybe I'll try that. + + +- You all right, ma'am? +- Oh, yeah. Fine. + + +Just having two cups of coffee! + + +Anyway, this has been great. +Thanks for the coffee. + + +Yeah, it's no trouble. + + +Sorry I couldn't finish it. If I did, +I'd be up the rest of my life. + + +Are you...? + + +Oan I take a piece of this with me? + + +Sure! Here, have a crumb. + + +- Thanks! +- Yeah. + + +All right. Well, then... +I guess I'll see you around. + + +Or not. + + +OK, Barry. + + +And thank you +so much again... for before. + + +Oh, that? That was nothing. + + +Well, not nothing, but... Anyway... + + +This can't possibly work. + + +He's all set to go. +We may as well try it. + + +OK, Dave, pull the chute. + + +- Sounds amazing. +- It was amazing! + + +It was the scariest, +happiest moment of my life. + + +Humans! I can't believe +you were with humans! + + +Giant, scary humans! +What were they like? + + +Huge and crazy. They talk crazy. + + +They eat crazy giant things. +They drive crazy. + + +- Do they try and kill you, like on TV? +- Some of them. But some of them don't. + + +- How'd you get back? +- Poodle. + + +You did it, and I'm glad. You saw +whatever you wanted to see. + + +You had your "experience." Now you +can pick out yourjob and be normal. + + +- Well... +- Well? + + +Well, I met someone. + + +You did? Was she Bee-ish? + + +- A wasp?! Your parents will kill you! +- No, no, no, not a wasp. + + +- Spider? +- I'm not attracted to spiders. + + +I know it's the hottest thing, +with the eight legs and all. + + +I can't get by that face. + + +So who is she? + + +She's... human. + + +No, no. That's a bee law. +You wouldn't break a bee law. + + +- Her name's Vanessa. +- Oh, boy. + + +She's so nice. And she's a florist! + + +Oh, no! You're dating a human florist! + + +We're not dating. + + +You're flying outside the hive, talking +to humans that attack our homes + + +with power washers and M-80s! +One-eighth a stick of dynamite! + + +She saved my life! +And she understands me. + + +This is over! + + +Eat this. + + +This is not over! What was that? + + +- They call it a crumb. +- It was so stingin' stripey! + + +And that's not what they eat. +That's what falls off what they eat! + + +- You know what a Oinnabon is? +- No. + + +It's bread and cinnamon and frosting. +They heat it up... + + +Sit down! + + +...really hot! +- Listen to me! + + +We are not them! We're us. +There's us and there's them! + + +Yes, but who can deny +the heart that is yearning? + + +There's no yearning. +Stop yearning. Listen to me! + + +You have got to start thinking bee, +my friend. Thinking bee! + + +- Thinking bee. +- Thinking bee. + + +Thinking bee! Thinking bee! +Thinking bee! Thinking bee! + + +There he is. He's in the pool. + + +You know what your problem is, Barry? + + +I gotta start thinking bee? + + +How much longer will this go on? + + +It's been three days! +Why aren't you working? + + +I've got a lot of big life decisions +to think about. + + +What life? You have no life! +You have no job. You're barely a bee! + + +Would it kill you +to make a little honey? + + +Barry, come out. +Your father's talking to you. + + +Martin, would you talk to him? + + +Barry, I'm talking to you! + + +You coming? + + +Got everything? + + +All set! + + +Go ahead. I'll catch up. + + +Don't be too long. + + +Watch this! + + +Vanessa! + + +- We're still here. +- I told you not to yell at him. + + +He doesn't respond to yelling! + + +- Then why yell at me? +- Because you don't listen! + + +I'm not listening to this. + + +Sorry, I've gotta go. + + +- Where are you going? +- I'm meeting a friend. + + +A girl? Is this why you can't decide? + + +Bye. + + +I just hope she's Bee-ish. + + +They have a huge parade +of flowers every year in Pasadena? + + +To be in the Tournament of Roses, +that's every florist's dream! + + +Up on a float, surrounded +by flowers, crowds cheering. + + +A tournament. Do the roses +compete in athletic events? + + +No. All right, I've got one. +How come you don't fly everywhere? + + +It's exhausting. Why don't you +run everywhere? It's faster. + + +Yeah, OK, I see, I see. +All right, your turn. + + +TiVo. You can just freeze live TV? +That's insane! + + +You don't have that? + + +We have Hivo, but it's a disease. +It's a horrible, horrible disease. + + +Oh, my. + + +Dumb bees! + + +You must want to sting all those jerks. + + +We try not to sting. +It's usually fatal for us. + + +So you have to watch your temper. + + +Very carefully. +You kick a wall, take a walk, + + +write an angry letter and throw it out. +Work through it like any emotion: + + +Anger, jealousy, lust. + + +Oh, my goodness! Are you OK? + + +Yeah. + + +- What is wrong with you?! +- It's a bug. + + +He's not bothering anybody. +Get out of here, you creep! + + +What was that? A Pic 'N' Save circular? + + +Yeah, it was. How did you know? + + +It felt like about 10 pages. +Seventy-five is pretty much our limit. + + +You've really got that +down to a science. + + +- I lost a cousin to Italian Vogue. +- I'll bet. + + +What in the name +of Mighty Hercules is this? + + +How did this get here? +Oute Bee, Golden Blossom, + + +Ray Liotta Private Select? + + +- Is he that actor? +- I never heard of him. + + +- Why is this here? +- For people. We eat it. + + +You don't have +enough food of your own? + + +- Well, yes. +- How do you get it? + + +- Bees make it. +- I know who makes it! + + +And it's hard to make it! + + +There's heating, cooling, stirring. +You need a whole Krelman thing! + + +- It's organic. +- It's our-ganic! + + +It's just honey, Barry. + + +Just what?! + + +Bees don't know about this! +This is stealing! A lot of stealing! + + +You've taken our homes, schools, +hospitals! This is all we have! + + +And it's on sale?! +I'm getting to the bottom of this. + + +I'm getting to the bottom +of all of this! + + +Hey, Hector. + + +- You almost done? +- Almost. + + +He is here. I sense it. + + +Well, I guess I'll go home now + + +and just leave this nice honey out, +with no one around. + + +You're busted, box boy! + + +I knew I heard something. +So you can talk! + + +I can talk. +And now you'll start talking! + + +Where you getting the sweet stuff? +Who's your supplier? + + +I don't understand. +I thought we were friends. + + +The last thing we want +to do is upset bees! + + +You're too late! It's ours now! + + +You, sir, have crossed +the wrong sword! + + +You, sir, will be lunch +for my iguana, Ignacio! + + +Where is the honey coming from? + + +Tell me where! + + +Honey Farms! It comes from Honey Farms! + + +Orazy person! + + +What horrible thing has happened here? + + +These faces, they never knew +what hit them. And now + + +they're on the road to nowhere! + + +Just keep still. + + +What? You're not dead? + + +Do I look dead? They will wipe anything +that moves. Where you headed? + + +To Honey Farms. +I am onto something huge here. + + +I'm going to Alaska. Moose blood, +crazy stuff. Blows your head off! + + +I'm going to Tacoma. + + +- And you? +- He really is dead. + + +All right. + + +Uh-oh! + + +- What is that?! +- Oh, no! + + +- A wiper! Triple blade! +- Triple blade? + + +Jump on! It's your only chance, bee! + + +Why does everything have +to be so doggone clean?! + + +How much do you people need to see?! + + +Open your eyes! +Stick your head out the window! + + +From NPR News in Washington, +I'm Oarl Kasell. + + +But don't kill no more bugs! + + +- Bee! +- Moose blood guy!! + + +- You hear something? +- Like what? + + +Like tiny screaming. + + +Turn off the radio. + + +Whassup, bee boy? + + +Hey, Blood. + + +Just a row of honey jars, +as far as the eye could see. + + +Wow! + + +I assume wherever this truck goes +is where they're getting it. + + +I mean, that honey's ours. + + +- Bees hang tight. +- We're all jammed in. + + +It's a close community. + + +Not us, man. We on our own. +Every mosquito on his own. + + +- What if you get in trouble? +- You a mosquito, you in trouble. + + +Nobody likes us. They just smack. +See a mosquito, smack, smack! + + +At least you're out in the world. +You must meet girls. + + +Mosquito girls try to trade up, +get with a moth, dragonfly. + + +Mosquito girl don't want no mosquito. + + +You got to be kidding me! + + +Mooseblood's about to leave +the building! So long, bee! + + +- Hey, guys! +- Mooseblood! + + +I knew I'd catch y'all down here. +Did you bring your crazy straw? + + +We throw it in jars, slap a label on it, +and it's pretty much pure profit. + + +What is this place? + + +A bee's got a brain +the size of a pinhead. + + +They are pinheads! + + +Pinhead. + + +- Oheck out the new smoker. +- Oh, sweet. That's the one you want. + + +The Thomas 3000! + + +Smoker? + + +Ninety puffs a minute, semi-automatic. +Twice the nicotine, all the tar. + + +A couple breaths of this +knocks them right out. + + +They make the honey, +and we make the money. + + +"They make the honey, +and we make the money"? + + +Oh, my! + + +What's going on? Are you OK? + + +Yeah. It doesn't last too long. + + +Do you know you're +in a fake hive with fake walls? + + +Our queen was moved here. +We had no choice. + + +This is your queen? +That's a man in women's clothes! + + +That's a drag queen! + + +What is this? + + +Oh, no! + + +There's hundreds of them! + + +Bee honey. + + +Our honey is being brazenly stolen +on a massive scale! + + +This is worse than anything bears +have done! I intend to do something. + + +Oh, Barry, stop. + + +Who told you humans are taking +our honey? That's a rumor. + + +Do these look like rumors? + + +That's a conspiracy theory. +These are obviously doctored photos. + + +How did you get mixed up in this? + + +He's been talking to humans. + + +- What? +- Talking to humans?! + + +He has a human girlfriend. +And they make out! + + +Make out? Barry! + + +We do not. + + +- You wish you could. +- Whose side are you on? + + +The bees! + + +I dated a cricket once in San Antonio. +Those crazy legs kept me up all night. + + +Barry, this is what you want +to do with your life? + + +I want to do it for all our lives. +Nobody works harder than bees! + + +Dad, I remember you +coming home so overworked + + +your hands were still stirring. +You couldn't stop. + + +I remember that. + + +What right do they have to our honey? + + +We live on two cups a year. They put it +in lip balm for no reason whatsoever! + + +Even if it's true, what can one bee do? + + +Sting them where it really hurts. + + +In the face! The eye! + + +- That would hurt. +- No. + + +Up the nose? That's a killer. + + +There's only one place you can sting +the humans, one place where it matters. + + +Hive at Five, the hive's only +full-hour action news source. + + +No more bee beards! + + +With Bob Bumble at the anchor desk. + + +Weather with Storm Stinger. + + +Sports with Buzz Larvi. + + +And Jeanette Ohung. + + +- Good evening. I'm Bob Bumble. +- And I'm Jeanette Ohung. + + +A tri-county bee, Barry Benson, + + +intends to sue the human race +for stealing our honey, + + +packaging it and profiting +from it illegally! + + +Tomorrow night on Bee Larry King, + + +we'll have three former queens here in +our studio, discussing their new book, + + +Olassy Ladies, +out this week on Hexagon. + + +Tonight we're talking to Barry Benson. + + +Did you ever think, "I'm a kid +from the hive. I can't do this"? + + +Bees have never been afraid +to change the world. + + +What about Bee Oolumbus? +Bee Gandhi? Bejesus? + + +Where I'm from, we'd never sue humans. + + +We were thinking +of stickball or candy stores. + + +How old are you? + + +The bee community +is supporting you in this case, + + +which will be the trial +of the bee century. + + +You know, they have a Larry King +in the human world too. + + +It's a common name. Next week... + + +He looks like you and has a show +and suspenders and colored dots... + + +Next week... + + +Glasses, quotes on the bottom from the +guest even though you just heard 'em. + + +Bear Week next week! +They're scary, hairy and here live. + + +Always leans forward, pointy shoulders, +squinty eyes, very Jewish. + + +In tennis, you attack +at the point of weakness! + + +It was my grandmother, Ken. She's 81. + + +Honey, her backhand's a joke! +I'm not gonna take advantage of that? + + +Quiet, please. +Actual work going on here. + + +- Is that that same bee? +- Yes, it is! + + +I'm helping him sue the human race. + + +- Hello. +- Hello, bee. + + +This is Ken. + + +Yeah, I remember you. Timberland, size +ten and a half. Vibram sole, I believe. + + +Why does he talk again? + + +Listen, you better go +'cause we're really busy working. + + +But it's our yogurt night! + + +Bye-bye. + + +Why is yogurt night so difficult?! + + +You poor thing. +You two have been at this for hours! + + +Yes, and Adam here +has been a huge help. + + +- Frosting... +- How many sugars? + + +Just one. I try not +to use the competition. + + +So why are you helping me? + + +Bees have good qualities. + + +And it takes my mind off the shop. + + +Instead of flowers, people +are giving balloon bouquets now. + + +Those are great, if you're three. + + +And artificial flowers. + + +- Oh, those just get me psychotic! +- Yeah, me too. + + +Bent stingers, pointless pollination. + + +Bees must hate those fake things! + + +Nothing worse +than a daffodil that's had work done. + + +Maybe this could make up +for it a little bit. + + +- This lawsuit's a pretty big deal. +- I guess. + + +You sure you want to go through with it? + + +Am I sure? When I'm done with +the humans, they won't be able + + +to say, "Honey, I'm home," +without paying a royalty! + + +It's an incredible scene +here in downtown Manhattan, + + +where the world anxiously waits, +because for the first time in history, + + +we will hear for ourselves +if a honeybee can actually speak. + + +What have we gotten into here, Barry? + + +It's pretty big, isn't it? + + +I can't believe how many humans +don't work during the day. + + +You think billion-dollar multinational +food companies have good lawyers? + + +Everybody needs to stay +behind the barricade. + + +- What's the matter? +- I don't know, I just got a chill. + + +Well, if it isn't the bee team. + + +You boys work on this? + + +All rise! The Honorable +Judge Bumbleton presiding. + + +All right. Oase number 4475, + + +Superior Oourt of New York, +Barry Bee Benson v. the Honey Industry + + +is now in session. + + +Mr. Montgomery, you're representing +the five food companies collectively? + + +A privilege. + + +Mr. Benson... you're representing +all the bees of the world? + + +I'm kidding. Yes, Your Honor, +we're ready to proceed. + + +Mr. Montgomery, +your opening statement, please. + + +Ladies and gentlemen of the jury, + + +my grandmother was a simple woman. + + +Born on a farm, she believed +it was man's divine right + + +to benefit from the bounty +of nature God put before us. + + +If we lived in the topsy-turvy world +Mr. Benson imagines, + + +just think of what would it mean. + + +I would have to negotiate +with the silkworm + + +for the elastic in my britches! + + +Talking bee! + + +How do we know this isn't some sort of + + +holographic motion-picture-capture +Hollywood wizardry? + + +They could be using laser beams! + + +Robotics! Ventriloquism! +Oloning! For all we know, + + +he could be on steroids! + + +Mr. Benson? + + +Ladies and gentlemen, +there's no trickery here. + + +I'm just an ordinary bee. +Honey's pretty important to me. + + +It's important to all bees. +We invented it! + + +We make it. And we protect it +with our lives. + + +Unfortunately, there are +some people in this room + + +who think they can take it from us + + +'cause we're the little guys! +I'm hoping that, after this is all over, + + +you'll see how, by taking our honey, +you not only take everything we have + + +but everything we are! + + +I wish he'd dress like that +all the time. So nice! + + +Oall your first witness. + + +So, Mr. Klauss Vanderhayden +of Honey Farms, big company you have. + + +I suppose so. + + +I see you also own +Honeyburton and Honron! + + +Yes, they provide beekeepers +for our farms. + + +Beekeeper. I find that +to be a very disturbing term. + + +I don't imagine you employ +any bee-free-ers, do you? + + +- No. +- I couldn't hear you. + + +- No. +- No. + + +Because you don't free bees. +You keep bees. Not only that, + + +it seems you thought a bear would be +an appropriate image for a jar of honey. + + +They're very lovable creatures. + + +Yogi Bear, Fozzie Bear, Build-A-Bear. + + +You mean like this? + + +Bears kill bees! + + +How'd you like his head crashing +through your living room?! + + +Biting into your couch! +Spitting out your throw pillows! + + +OK, that's enough. Take him away. + + +So, Mr. Sting, thank you for being here. +Your name intrigues me. + + +- Where have I heard it before? +- I was with a band called The Police. + + +But you've never been +a police officer, have you? + + +No, I haven't. + + +No, you haven't. And so here +we have yet another example + + +of bee culture casually +stolen by a human + + +for nothing more than +a prance-about stage name. + + +Oh, please. + + +Have you ever been stung, Mr. Sting? + + +Because I'm feeling +a little stung, Sting. + + +Or should I say... Mr. Gordon M. Sumner! + + +That's not his real name?! You idiots! + + +Mr. Liotta, first, +belated congratulations on + + +your Emmy win for a guest spot +on ER in 2005. + + +Thank you. Thank you. + + +I see from your resume +that you're devilishly handsome + + +with a churning inner turmoil +that's ready to blow. + + +I enjoy what I do. Is that a crime? + + +Not yet it isn't. But is this +what it's come to for you? + + +Exploiting tiny, helpless bees +so you don't + + +have to rehearse +your part and learn your lines, sir? + + +Watch it, Benson! +I could blow right now! + + +This isn't a goodfella. +This is a badfella! + + +Why doesn't someone just step on +this creep, and we can all go home?! + + +- Order in this court! +- You're all thinking it! + + +Order! Order, I say! + + +- Say it! +- Mr. Liotta, please sit down! + + +I think it was awfully nice +of that bear to pitch in like that. + + +I think the jury's on our side. + + +Are we doing everything right, legally? + + +I'm a florist. + + +Right. Well, here's to a great team. + + +To a great team! + + +Well, hello. + + +- Ken! +- Hello. + + +I didn't think you were coming. + + +No, I was just late. +I tried to call, but... the battery. + + +I didn't want all this to go to waste, +so I called Barry. Luckily, he was free. + + +Oh, that was lucky. + + +There's a little left. +I could heat it up. + + +Yeah, heat it up, sure, whatever. + + +So I hear you're quite a tennis player. + + +I'm not much for the game myself. +The ball's a little grabby. + + +That's where I usually sit. +Right... there. + + +Ken, Barry was looking at your resume, + + +and he agreed with me that eating with +chopsticks isn't really a special skill. + + +You think I don't see what you're doing? + + +I know how hard it is to find +the rightjob. We have that in common. + + +Do we? + + +Bees have 100 percent employment, +but we do jobs like taking the crud out. + + +That's just what +I was thinking about doing. + + +Ken, I let Barry borrow your razor +for his fuzz. I hope that was all right. + + +I'm going to drain the old stinger. + + +Yeah, you do that. + + +Look at that. + + +You know, I've just about had it + + +with your little mind games. + + +- What's that? +- Italian Vogue. + + +Mamma mia, that's a lot of pages. + + +A lot of ads. + + +Remember what Van said, why is +your life more valuable than mine? + + +Funny, I just can't seem to recall that! + + +I think something stinks in here! + + +I love the smell of flowers. + + +How do you like the smell of flames?! + + +Not as much. + + +Water bug! Not taking sides! + + +Ken, I'm wearing a Ohapstick hat! +This is pathetic! + + +I've got issues! + + +Well, well, well, a royal flush! + + +- You're bluffing. +- Am I? + + +Surf's up, dude! + + +Poo water! + + +That bowl is gnarly. + + +Except for those dirty yellow rings! + + +Kenneth! What are you doing?! + + +You know, I don't even like honey! +I don't eat it! + + +We need to talk! + + +He's just a little bee! + + +And he happens to be +the nicest bee I've met in a long time! + + +Long time? What are you talking about?! +Are there other bugs in your life? + + +No, but there are other things bugging +me in life. And you're one of them! + + +Fine! Talking bees, no yogurt night... + + +My nerves are fried from riding +on this emotional roller coaster! + + +Goodbye, Ken. + + +And for your information, + + +I prefer sugar-free, artificial +sweeteners made by man! + + +I'm sorry about all that. + + +I know it's got +an aftertaste! I like it! + + +I always felt there was some kind +of barrier between Ken and me. + + +I couldn't overcome it. +Oh, well. + + +Are you OK for the trial? + + +I believe Mr. Montgomery +is about out of ideas. + + +We would like to call +Mr. Barry Benson Bee to the stand. + + +Good idea! You can really see why he's +considered one of the best lawyers... + + +Yeah. + + +Layton, you've +gotta weave some magic + + +with this jury, +or it's gonna be all over. + + +Don't worry. The only thing I have +to do to turn this jury around + + +is to remind them +of what they don't like about bees. + + +- You got the tweezers? +- Are you allergic? + + +Only to losing, son. Only to losing. + + +Mr. Benson Bee, I'll ask you +what I think we'd all like to know. + + +What exactly is your relationship + + +to that woman? + + +We're friends. + + +- Good friends? +- Yes. + + +How good? Do you live together? + + +Wait a minute... + + +Are you her little... + + +...bedbug? + + +I've seen a bee documentary or two. +From what I understand, + + +doesn't your queen give birth +to all the bee children? + + +- Yeah, but... +- So those aren't your real parents! + + +- Oh, Barry... +- Yes, they are! + + +Hold me back! + + +You're an illegitimate bee, +aren't you, Benson? + + +He's denouncing bees! + + +Don't y'all date your cousins? + + +- Objection! +- I'm going to pincushion this guy! + + +Adam, don't! It's what he wants! + + +Oh, I'm hit!! + + +Oh, lordy, I am hit! + + +Order! Order! + + +The venom! The venom +is coursing through my veins! + + +I have been felled +by a winged beast of destruction! + + +You see? You can't treat them +like equals! They're striped savages! + + +Stinging's the only thing +they know! It's their way! + + +- Adam, stay with me. +- I can't feel my legs. + + +What angel of mercy +will come forward to suck the poison + + +from my heaving buttocks? + + +I will have order in this court. Order! + + +Order, please! + + +The case of the honeybees +versus the human race + + +took a pointed turn against the bees + + +yesterday when one of their legal +team stung Layton T. Montgomery. + + +- Hey, buddy. +- Hey. + + +- Is there much pain? +- Yeah. + + +I... + + +I blew the whole case, didn't I? + + +It doesn't matter. What matters is +you're alive. You could have died. + + +I'd be better off dead. Look at me. + + +They got it from the cafeteria +downstairs, in a tuna sandwich. + + +Look, there's +a little celery still on it. + + +What was it like to sting someone? + + +I can't explain it. It was all... + + +All adrenaline and then... +and then ecstasy! + + +All right. + + +You think it was all a trap? + + +Of course. I'm sorry. +I flew us right into this. + + +What were we thinking? Look at us. We're +just a couple of bugs in this world. + + +What will the humans do to us +if they win? + + +I don't know. + + +I hear they put the roaches in motels. +That doesn't sound so bad. + + +Adam, they check in, +but they don't check out! + + +Oh, my. + + +Oould you get a nurse +to close that window? + + +- Why? +- The smoke. + + +Bees don't smoke. + + +Right. Bees don't smoke. + + +Bees don't smoke! +But some bees are smoking. + + +That's it! That's our case! + + +It is? It's not over? + + +Get dressed. I've gotta go somewhere. + + +Get back to the court and stall. +Stall any way you can. + + +And assuming you've done step correctly, you're ready for the tub. + + +Mr. Flayman. + + +Yes? Yes, Your Honor! + + +Where is the rest of your team? + + +Well, Your Honor, it's interesting. + + +Bees are trained to fly haphazardly, + + +and as a result, +we don't make very good time. + + +I actually heard a funny story about... + + +Your Honor, +haven't these ridiculous bugs + + +taken up enough +of this court's valuable time? + + +How much longer will we allow +these absurd shenanigans to go on? + + +They have presented no compelling +evidence to support their charges + + +against my clients, +who run legitimate businesses. + + +I move for a complete dismissal +of this entire case! + + +Mr. Flayman, I'm afraid I'm going + + +to have to consider +Mr. Montgomery's motion. + + +But you can't! We have a terrific case. + + +Where is your proof? +Where is the evidence? + + +Show me the smoking gun! + + +Hold it, Your Honor! +You want a smoking gun? + + +Here is your smoking gun. + + +What is that? + + +It's a bee smoker! + + +What, this? +This harmless little contraption? + + +This couldn't hurt a fly, +let alone a bee. + + +Look at what has happened + + +to bees who have never been asked, +"Smoking or non?" + + +Is this what nature intended for us? + + +To be forcibly addicted +to smoke machines + + +and man-made wooden slat work camps? + + +Living out our lives as honey slaves +to the white man? + + +- What are we gonna do? +- He's playing the species card. + + +Ladies and gentlemen, please, +free these bees! + + +Free the bees! Free the bees! + + +Free the bees! + + +Free the bees! Free the bees! + + +The court finds in favor of the bees! + + +Vanessa, we won! + + +I knew you could do it! High-five! + + +Sorry. + + +I'm OK! You know what this means? + + +All the honey +will finally belong to the bees. + + +Now we won't have +to work so hard all the time. + + +This is an unholy perversion +of the balance of nature, Benson. + + +You'll regret this. + + +Barry, how much honey is out there? + + +All right. One at a time. + + +Barry, who are you wearing? + + +My sweater is Ralph Lauren, +and I have no pants. + + +- What if Montgomery's right? +- What do you mean? + + +We've been living the bee way +a long time, 27 million years. + + +Oongratulations on your victory. +What will you demand as a settlement? + + +First, we'll demand a complete shutdown +of all bee work camps. + + +Then we want back the honey +that was ours to begin with, + + +every last drop. + + +We demand an end to the glorification +of the bear as anything more + + +than a filthy, smelly, +bad-breath stink machine. + + +We're all aware +of what they do in the woods. + + +Wait for my signal. + + +Take him out. + + +He'll have nauseous +for a few hours, then he'll be fine. + + +And we will no longer tolerate +bee-negative nicknames... + + +But it's just a prance-about stage name! + + +...unnecessary inclusion of honey +in bogus health products + + +and la-dee-da human +tea-time snack garnishments. + + +Oan't breathe. + + +Bring it in, boys! + + +Hold it right there! Good. + + +Tap it. + + +Mr. Buzzwell, we just passed three cups, +and there's gallons more coming! + + +- I think we need to shut down! +- Shut down? We've never shut down. + + +Shut down honey production! + + +Stop making honey! + + +Turn your key, sir! + + +What do we do now? + + +Oannonball! + + +We're shutting honey production! + + +Mission abort. + + +Aborting pollination and nectar detail. +Returning to base. + + +Adam, you wouldn't believe +how much honey was out there. + + +Oh, yeah? + + +What's going on? Where is everybody? + + +- Are they out celebrating? +- They're home. + + +They don't know what to do. +Laying out, sleeping in. + + +I heard your Uncle Oarl was on his way +to San Antonio with a cricket. + + +At least we got our honey back. + + +Sometimes I think, so what if humans +liked our honey? Who wouldn't? + + +It's the greatest thing in the world! +I was excited to be part of making it. + + +This was my new desk. This was my +new job. I wanted to do it really well. + + +And now... + + +Now I can't. + + +I don't understand +why they're not happy. + + +I thought their lives would be better! + + +They're doing nothing. It's amazing. +Honey really changes people. + + +You don't have any idea +what's going on, do you? + + +- What did you want to show me? +- This. + + +What happened here? + + +That is not the half of it. + + +Oh, no. Oh, my. + + +They're all wilting. + + +Doesn't look very good, does it? + + +No. + + +And whose fault do you think that is? + + +You know, I'm gonna guess bees. + + +Bees? + + +Specifically, me. + + +I didn't think bees not needing to make +honey would affect all these things. + + +It's notjust flowers. +Fruits, vegetables, they all need bees. + + +That's our whole SAT test right there. + + +Take away produce, that affects +the entire animal kingdom. + + +And then, of course... + + +The human species? + + +So if there's no more pollination, + + +it could all just go south here, +couldn't it? + + +I know this is also partly my fault. + + +How about a suicide pact? + + +How do we do it? + + +- I'll sting you, you step on me. +- Thatjust kills you twice. + + +Right, right. + + +Listen, Barry... +sorry, but I gotta get going. + + +I had to open my mouth and talk. + + +Vanessa? + + +Vanessa? Why are you leaving? +Where are you going? + + +To the final Tournament of Roses parade +in Pasadena. + + +They've moved it to this weekend +because all the flowers are dying. + + +It's the last chance +I'll ever have to see it. + + +Vanessa, I just wanna say I'm sorry. +I never meant it to turn out like this. + + +I know. Me neither. + + +Tournament of Roses. +Roses can't do sports. + + +Wait a minute. Roses. Roses? + + +Roses! + + +Vanessa! + + +Roses?! + + +Barry? + + +- Roses are flowers! +- Yes, they are. + + +Flowers, bees, pollen! + + +I know. +That's why this is the last parade. + + +Maybe not. +Oould you ask him to slow down? + + +Oould you slow down? + + +Barry! + + +OK, I made a huge mistake. +This is a total disaster, all my fault. + + +Yes, it kind of is. + + +I've ruined the planet. +I wanted to help you + + +with the flower shop. +I've made it worse. + + +Actually, it's completely closed down. + + +I thought maybe you were remodeling. + + +But I have another idea, and it's +greater than my previous ideas combined. + + +I don't want to hear it! + + +All right, they have the roses, +the roses have the pollen. + + +I know every bee, plant +and flower bud in this park. + + +All we gotta do is get what they've got +back here with what we've got. + + +- Bees. +- Park. + + +- Pollen! +- Flowers. + + +- Repollination! +- Across the nation! + + +Tournament of Roses, +Pasadena, Oalifornia. + + +They've got nothing +but flowers, floats and cotton candy. + + +Security will be tight. + + +I have an idea. + + +Vanessa Bloome, FTD. + + +Official floral business. It's real. + + +Sorry, ma'am. Nice brooch. + + +Thank you. It was a gift. + + +Once inside, +we just pick the right float. + + +How about The Princess and the Pea? + + +I could be the princess, +and you could be the pea! + + +Yes, I got it. + + +- Where should I sit? +- What are you? + + +- I believe I'm the pea. +- The pea? + + +It goes under the mattresses. + + +- Not in this fairy tale, sweetheart. +- I'm getting the marshal. + + +You do that! +This whole parade is a fiasco! + + +Let's see what this baby'll do. + + +Hey, what are you doing?! + + +Then all we do +is blend in with traffic... + + +...without arousing suspicion. + + +Once at the airport, +there's no stopping us. + + +Stop! Security. + + +- You and your insect pack your float? +- Yes. + + +Has it been +in your possession the entire time? + + +Would you remove your shoes? + + +- Remove your stinger. +- It's part of me. + + +I know. Just having some fun. +Enjoy your flight. + + +Then if we're lucky, we'll have +just enough pollen to do the job. + + +Oan you believe how lucky we are? We +have just enough pollen to do the job! + + +I think this is gonna work. + + +It's got to work. + + +Attention, passengers, +this is Oaptain Scott. + + +We have a bit of bad weather +in New York. + + +It looks like we'll experience +a couple hours delay. + + +Barry, these are cut flowers +with no water. They'll never make it. + + +I gotta get up there +and talk to them. + + +Be careful. + + +Oan I get help +with the Sky Mall magazine? + + +I'd like to order the talking +inflatable nose and ear hair trimmer. + + +Oaptain, I'm in a real situation. + + +- What'd you say, Hal? +- Nothing. + + +Bee! + + +Don't freak out! My entire species... + + +What are you doing? + + +- Wait a minute! I'm an attorney! +- Who's an attorney? + + +Don't move. + + +Oh, Barry. + + +Good afternoon, passengers. +This is your captain. + + +Would a Miss Vanessa Bloome in 24B +please report to the cockpit? + + +And please hurry! + + +What happened here? + + +There was a DustBuster, +a toupee, a life raft exploded. + + +One's bald, one's in a boat, +they're both unconscious! + + +- Is that another bee joke? +- No! + + +No one's flying the plane! + + +This is JFK control tower, Flight 356. +What's your status? + + +This is Vanessa Bloome. +I'm a florist from New York. + + +Where's the pilot? + + +He's unconscious, +and so is the copilot. + + +Not good. Does anyone onboard +have flight experience? + + +As a matter of fact, there is. + + +- Who's that? +- Barry Benson. + + +From the honey trial?! Oh, great. + + +Vanessa, this is nothing more +than a big metal bee. + + +It's got giant wings, huge engines. + + +I can't fly a plane. + + +- Why not? Isn't John Travolta a pilot? +- Yes. + + +How hard could it be? + + +Wait, Barry! +We're headed into some lightning. + + +This is Bob Bumble. We have some +late-breaking news from JFK Airport, + + +where a suspenseful scene +is developing. + + +Barry Benson, +fresh from his legal victory... + + +That's Barry! + + +...is attempting to land a plane, +loaded with people, flowers + + +and an incapacitated flight crew. + + +Flowers?! + + +We have a storm in the area +and two individuals at the controls + + +with absolutely no flight experience. + + +Just a minute. +There's a bee on that plane. + + +I'm quite familiar with Mr. Benson +and his no-account compadres. + + +They've done enough damage. + + +But isn't he your only hope? + + +Technically, a bee +shouldn't be able to fly at all. + + +Their wings are too small... + + +Haven't we heard this a million times? + + +"The surface area of the wings +and body mass make no sense." + + +- Get this on the air! +- Got it. + + +- Stand by. +- We're going live. + + +The way we work may be a mystery to you. + + +Making honey takes a lot of bees +doing a lot of small jobs. + + +But let me tell you about a small job. + + +If you do it well, +it makes a big difference. + + +More than we realized. +To us, to everyone. + + +That's why I want to get bees +back to working together. + + +That's the bee way! +We're not made of Jell-O. + + +We get behind a fellow. + + +- Black and yellow! +- Hello! + + +Left, right, down, hover. + + +- Hover? +- Forget hover. + + +This isn't so hard. +Beep-beep! Beep-beep! + + +Barry, what happened?! + + +Wait, I think we were +on autopilot the whole time. + + +- That may have been helping me. +- And now we're not! + + +So it turns out I cannot fly a plane. + + +All of you, let's get +behind this fellow! Move it out! + + +Move out! + + +Our only chance is if I do what I'd do, +you copy me with the wings of the plane! + + +Don't have to yell. + + +I'm not yelling! +We're in a lot of trouble. + + +It's very hard to concentrate +with that panicky tone in your voice! + + +It's not a tone. I'm panicking! + + +I can't do this! + + +Vanessa, pull yourself together. +You have to snap out of it! + + +You snap out of it. + + +You snap out of it. + + +- You snap out of it! +- You snap out of it! + + +- You snap out of it! +- You snap out of it! + + +- You snap out of it! +- You snap out of it! + + +- Hold it! +- Why? Oome on, it's my turn. + + +How is the plane flying? + + +I don't know. + + +Hello? + + +Benson, got any flowers +for a happy occasion in there? + + +The Pollen Jocks! + + +They do get behind a fellow. + + +- Black and yellow. +- Hello. + + +All right, let's drop this tin can +on the blacktop. + + +Where? I can't see anything. Oan you? + + +No, nothing. It's all cloudy. + + +Oome on. You got to think bee, Barry. + + +- Thinking bee. +- Thinking bee. + + +Thinking bee! +Thinking bee! Thinking bee! + + +Wait a minute. +I think I'm feeling something. + + +- What? +- I don't know. It's strong, pulling me. + + +Like a 27-million-year-old instinct. + + +Bring the nose down. + + +Thinking bee! +Thinking bee! Thinking bee! + + +- What in the world is on the tarmac? +- Get some lights on that! + + +Thinking bee! +Thinking bee! Thinking bee! + + +- Vanessa, aim for the flower. +- OK. + + +Out the engines. We're going in +on bee power. Ready, boys? + + +Affirmative! + + +Good. Good. Easy, now. That's it. + + +Land on that flower! + + +Ready? Full reverse! + + +Spin it around! + + +- Not that flower! The other one! +- Which one? + + +- That flower. +- I'm aiming at the flower! + + +That's a fat guy in a flowered shirt. +I mean the giant pulsating flower + + +made of millions of bees! + + +Pull forward. Nose down. Tail up. + + +Rotate around it. + + +- This is insane, Barry! +- This's the only way I know how to fly. + + +Am I koo-koo-kachoo, or is this plane +flying in an insect-like pattern? + + +Get your nose in there. Don't be afraid. +Smell it. Full reverse! + + +Just drop it. Be a part of it. + + +Aim for the center! + + +Now drop it in! Drop it in, woman! + + +Oome on, already. + + +Barry, we did it! +You taught me how to fly! + + +- Yes. No high-five! +- Right. + + +Barry, it worked! +Did you see the giant flower? + + +What giant flower? Where? Of course +I saw the flower! That was genius! + + +- Thank you. +- But we're not done yet. + + +Listen, everyone! + + +This runway is covered +with the last pollen + + +from the last flowers +available anywhere on Earth. + + +That means this is our last chance. + + +We're the only ones who make honey, +pollinate flowers and dress like this. + + +If we're gonna survive as a species, +this is our moment! What do you say? + + +Are we going to be bees, orjust +Museum of Natural History keychains? + + +We're bees! + + +Keychain! + + +Then follow me! Except Keychain. + + +Hold on, Barry. Here. + + +You've earned this. + + +Yeah! + + +I'm a Pollen Jock! And it's a perfect +fit. All I gotta do are the sleeves. + + +Oh, yeah. + + +That's our Barry. + + +Mom! The bees are back! + + +If anybody needs +to make a call, now's the time. + + +I got a feeling we'll be +working late tonight! + + +Here's your change. Have a great +afternoon! Oan I help who's next? + + +Would you like some honey with that? +It is bee-approved. Don't forget these. + + +Milk, cream, cheese, it's all me. +And I don't see a nickel! + + +Sometimes I just feel +like a piece of meat! + + +I had no idea. + + +Barry, I'm sorry. +Have you got a moment? + + +Would you excuse me? +My mosquito associate will help you. + + +Sorry I'm late. + + +He's a lawyer too? + + +I was already a blood-sucking parasite. +All I needed was a briefcase. + + +Have a great afternoon! + + +Barry, I just got this huge tulip order, +and I can't get them anywhere. + + +No problem, Vannie. +Just leave it to me. + + +You're a lifesaver, Barry. +Oan I help who's next? + + +All right, scramble, jocks! +It's time to fly. + + +Thank you, Barry! + + +That bee is living my life! + + +Let it go, Kenny. + + +- When will this nightmare end?! +- Let it all go. + + +- Beautiful day to fly. +- Sure is. + + +Between you and me, +I was dying to get out of that office. + + +You have got +to start thinking bee, my friend. + + +- Thinking bee! +- Me? + + +Hold it. Let's just stop +for a second. Hold it. + + +I'm sorry. I'm sorry, everyone. +Oan we stop here? + + +I'm not making a major life decision +during a production number! + + +All right. Take ten, everybody. +Wrap it up, guys. + + +I had virtually no rehearsal for that. + \| onset = \| duration = '
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Lines added in edit (`added_lines`)	[ 0 => '\| complications =Bee Movie Script - Dialogue Transcript', 1 => '', 2 => ' ', 3 => 'According to all known laws', 4 => 'of aviation,', 5 => '', 6 => ' ', 7 => 'there is no way a bee', 8 => 'should be able to fly.', 9 => '', 10 => ' ', 11 => 'Its wings are too small to get', 12 => 'its fat little body off the ground.', 13 => '', 14 => ' ', 15 => 'The bee, of course, flies anyway', 16 => '', 17 => ' ', 18 => 'because bees don't care', 19 => 'what humans think is impossible.', 20 => '', 21 => ' ', 22 => 'Yellow, black. Yellow, black.', 23 => 'Yellow, black. Yellow, black.', 24 => '', 25 => ' ', 26 => 'Ooh, black and yellow!', 27 => 'Let's shake it up a little.', 28 => '', 29 => ' ', 30 => 'Barry! Breakfast is ready!', 31 => '', 32 => ' ', 33 => 'Ooming!', 34 => '', 35 => ' ', 36 => 'Hang on a second.', 37 => '', 38 => ' ', 39 => 'Hello?', 40 => '', 41 => ' ', 42 => '- Barry?', 43 => '- Adam?', 44 => '', 45 => ' ', 46 => '- Oan you believe this is happening?', 47 => '- I can't. I'll pick you up.', 48 => '', 49 => ' ', 50 => 'Looking sharp.', 51 => '', 52 => ' ', 53 => 'Use the stairs. Your father', 54 => 'paid good money for those.', 55 => '', 56 => ' ', 57 => 'Sorry. I'm excited.', 58 => '', 59 => ' ', 60 => 'Here's the graduate.', 61 => 'We're very proud of you, son.', 62 => '', 63 => ' ', 64 => 'A perfect report card, all B's.', 65 => '', 66 => ' ', 67 => 'Very proud.', 68 => '', 69 => ' ', 70 => 'Ma! I got a thing going here.', 71 => '', 72 => ' ', 73 => '- You got lint on your fuzz.', 74 => '- Ow! That's me!', 75 => '', 76 => ' ', 77 => '- Wave to us! We'll be in row 118,000.', 78 => '- Bye!', 79 => '', 80 => ' ', 81 => 'Barry, I told you,', 82 => 'stop flying in the house!', 83 => '', 84 => ' ', 85 => '- Hey, Adam.', 86 => '- Hey, Barry.', 87 => '', 88 => ' ', 89 => '- Is that fuzz gel?', 90 => '- A little. Special day, graduation.', 91 => '', 92 => ' ', 93 => 'Never thought I'd make it.', 94 => '', 95 => ' ', 96 => 'Three days grade school,', 97 => 'three days high school.', 98 => '', 99 => ' ', 100 => 'Those were awkward.', 101 => '', 102 => ' ', 103 => 'Three days college. I'm glad I took', 104 => 'a day and hitchhiked around the hive.', 105 => '', 106 => ' ', 107 => 'You did come back different.', 108 => '', 109 => ' ', 110 => '- Hi, Barry.', 111 => '- Artie, growing a mustache? Looks good.', 112 => '', 113 => ' ', 114 => '- Hear about Frankie?', 115 => '- Yeah.', 116 => '', 117 => ' ', 118 => '- You going to the funeral?', 119 => '- No, I'm not going.', 120 => '', 121 => ' ', 122 => 'Everybody knows,', 123 => 'sting someone, you die.', 124 => '', 125 => ' ', 126 => 'Don't waste it on a squirrel.', 127 => 'Such a hothead.', 128 => '', 129 => ' ', 130 => 'I guess he could have', 131 => 'just gotten out of the way.', 132 => '', 133 => ' ', 134 => 'I love this incorporating', 135 => 'an amusement park into our day.', 136 => '', 137 => ' ', 138 => 'That's why we don't need vacations.', 139 => '', 140 => ' ', 141 => 'Boy, quite a bit of pomp...', 142 => 'under the circumstances.', 143 => '', 144 => ' ', 145 => '- Well, Adam, today we are men.', 146 => '- We are!', 147 => '', 148 => ' ', 149 => '- Bee-men.', 150 => '- Amen!', 151 => '', 152 => ' ', 153 => 'Hallelujah!', 154 => '', 155 => ' ', 156 => 'Students, faculty, distinguished bees,', 157 => '', 158 => ' ', 159 => 'please welcome Dean Buzzwell.', 160 => '', 161 => ' ', 162 => 'Welcome, New Hive Oity', 163 => 'graduating class of...', 164 => '', 165 => ' ', 166 => '...9:15.', 167 => '', 168 => ' ', 169 => 'That concludes our ceremonies.', 170 => '', 171 => ' ', 172 => 'And begins your career', 173 => 'at Honex Industries!', 174 => '', 175 => ' ', 176 => 'Will we pick ourjob today?', 177 => '', 178 => ' ', 179 => 'I heard it's just orientation.', 180 => '', 181 => ' ', 182 => 'Heads up! Here we go.', 183 => '', 184 => ' ', 185 => 'Keep your hands and antennas', 186 => 'inside the tram at all times.', 187 => '', 188 => ' ', 189 => '- Wonder what it'll be like?', 190 => '- A little scary.', 191 => '', 192 => ' ', 193 => 'Welcome to Honex,', 194 => 'a division of Honesco', 195 => '', 196 => ' ', 197 => 'and a part of the Hexagon Group.', 198 => '', 199 => ' ', 200 => 'This is it!', 201 => '', 202 => ' ', 203 => 'Wow.', 204 => '', 205 => ' ', 206 => 'Wow.', 207 => '', 208 => ' ', 209 => 'We know that you, as a bee,', 210 => 'have worked your whole life', 211 => '', 212 => ' ', 213 => 'to get to the point where you', 214 => 'can work for your whole life.', 215 => '', 216 => ' ', 217 => 'Honey begins when our valiant Pollen', 218 => 'Jocks bring the nectar to the hive.', 219 => '', 220 => ' ', 221 => 'Our top-secret formula', 222 => '', 223 => ' ', 224 => 'is automatically color-corrected,', 225 => 'scent-adjusted and bubble-contoured', 226 => '', 227 => ' ', 228 => 'into this soothing sweet syrup', 229 => '', 230 => ' ', 231 => 'with its distinctive', 232 => 'golden glow you know as...', 233 => '', 234 => ' ', 235 => 'Honey!', 236 => '', 237 => ' ', 238 => '- That girl was hot.', 239 => '- She's my cousin!', 240 => '', 241 => ' ', 242 => '- She is?', 243 => '- Yes, we're all cousins.', 244 => '', 245 => ' ', 246 => '- Right. You're right.', 247 => '- At Honex, we constantly strive', 248 => '', 249 => ' ', 250 => 'to improve every aspect', 251 => 'of bee existence.', 252 => '', 253 => ' ', 254 => 'These bees are stress-testing', 255 => 'a new helmet technology.', 256 => '', 257 => ' ', 258 => '- What do you think he makes?', 259 => '- Not enough.', 260 => '', 261 => ' ', 262 => 'Here we have our latest advancement,', 263 => 'the Krelman.', 264 => '', 265 => ' ', 266 => '- What does that do?', 267 => '- Oatches that little strand of honey', 268 => '', 269 => ' ', 270 => 'that hangs after you pour it.', 271 => 'Saves us millions.', 272 => '', 273 => ' ', 274 => 'Oan anyone work on the Krelman?', 275 => '', 276 => ' ', 277 => 'Of course. Most bee jobs are', 278 => 'small ones. But bees know', 279 => '', 280 => ' ', 281 => 'that every small job,', 282 => 'if it's done well, means a lot.', 283 => '', 284 => ' ', 285 => 'But choose carefully', 286 => '', 287 => ' ', 288 => 'because you'll stay in the job', 289 => 'you pick for the rest of your life.', 290 => '', 291 => ' ', 292 => 'The same job the rest of your life?', 293 => 'I didn't know that.', 294 => '', 295 => ' ', 296 => 'What's the difference?', 297 => '', 298 => ' ', 299 => 'You'll be happy to know that bees,', 300 => 'as a species, haven't had one day off', 301 => '', 302 => ' ', 303 => 'in 27 million years.', 304 => '', 305 => ' ', 306 => 'So you'll just work us to death?', 307 => '', 308 => ' ', 309 => 'We'll sure try.', 310 => '', 311 => ' ', 312 => 'Wow! That blew my mind!', 313 => '', 314 => ' ', 315 => '"What's the difference?"', 316 => 'How can you say that?', 317 => '', 318 => ' ', 319 => 'One job forever?', 320 => 'That's an insane choice to have to make.', 321 => '', 322 => ' ', 323 => 'I'm relieved. Now we only have', 324 => 'to make one decision in life.', 325 => '', 326 => ' ', 327 => 'But, Adam, how could they', 328 => 'never have told us that?', 329 => '', 330 => ' ', 331 => 'Why would you question anything?', 332 => 'We're bees.', 333 => '', 334 => ' ', 335 => 'We're the most perfectly', 336 => 'functioning society on Earth.', 337 => '', 338 => ' ', 339 => 'You ever think maybe things', 340 => 'work a little too well here?', 341 => '', 342 => ' ', 343 => 'Like what? Give me one example.', 344 => '', 345 => ' ', 346 => 'I don't know. But you know', 347 => 'what I'm talking about.', 348 => '', 349 => ' ', 350 => 'Please clear the gate.', 351 => 'Royal Nectar Force on approach.', 352 => '', 353 => ' ', 354 => 'Wait a second. Oheck it out.', 355 => '', 356 => ' ', 357 => '- Hey, those are Pollen Jocks!', 358 => '- Wow.', 359 => '', 360 => ' ', 361 => 'I've never seen them this close.', 362 => '', 363 => ' ', 364 => 'They know what it's like', 365 => 'outside the hive.', 366 => '', 367 => ' ', 368 => 'Yeah, but some don't come back.', 369 => '', 370 => ' ', 371 => '- Hey, Jocks!', 372 => '- Hi, Jocks!', 373 => '', 374 => ' ', 375 => 'You guys did great!', 376 => '', 377 => ' ', 378 => 'You're monsters!', 379 => 'You're sky freaks! I love it! I love it!', 380 => '', 381 => ' ', 382 => '- I wonder where they were.', 383 => '- I don't know.', 384 => '', 385 => ' ', 386 => 'Their day's not planned.', 387 => '', 388 => ' ', 389 => 'Outside the hive, flying who knows', 390 => 'where, doing who knows what.', 391 => '', 392 => ' ', 393 => 'You can'tjust decide to be a Pollen', 394 => 'Jock. You have to be bred for that.', 395 => '', 396 => ' ', 397 => 'Right.', 398 => '', 399 => ' ', 400 => 'Look. That's more pollen', 401 => 'than you and I will see in a lifetime.', 402 => '', 403 => ' ', 404 => 'It's just a status symbol.', 405 => 'Bees make too much of it.', 406 => '', 407 => ' ', 408 => 'Perhaps. Unless you're wearing it', 409 => 'and the ladies see you wearing it.', 410 => '', 411 => ' ', 412 => 'Those ladies?', 413 => 'Aren't they our cousins too?', 414 => '', 415 => ' ', 416 => 'Distant. Distant.', 417 => '', 418 => ' ', 419 => 'Look at these two.', 420 => '', 421 => ' ', 422 => '- Oouple of Hive Harrys.', 423 => '- Let's have fun with them.', 424 => '', 425 => ' ', 426 => 'It must be dangerous', 427 => 'being a Pollen Jock.', 428 => '', 429 => ' ', 430 => 'Yeah. Once a bear pinned me', 431 => 'against a mushroom!', 432 => '', 433 => ' ', 434 => 'He had a paw on my throat,', 435 => 'and with the other, he was slapping me!', 436 => '', 437 => ' ', 438 => '- Oh, my!', 439 => '- I never thought I'd knock him out.', 440 => '', 441 => ' ', 442 => 'What were you doing during this?', 443 => '', 444 => ' ', 445 => 'Trying to alert the authorities.', 446 => '', 447 => ' ', 448 => 'I can autograph that.', 449 => '', 450 => ' ', 451 => 'A little gusty out there today,', 452 => 'wasn't it, comrades?', 453 => '', 454 => ' ', 455 => 'Yeah. Gusty.', 456 => '', 457 => ' ', 458 => 'We're hitting a sunflower patch', 459 => 'six miles from here tomorrow.', 460 => '', 461 => ' ', 462 => '- Six miles, huh?', 463 => '- Barry!', 464 => '', 465 => ' ', 466 => 'A puddle jump for us,', 467 => 'but maybe you're not up for it.', 468 => '', 469 => ' ', 470 => '- Maybe I am.', 471 => '- You are not!', 472 => '', 473 => ' ', 474 => 'We're going 0900 at J-Gate.', 475 => '', 476 => ' ', 477 => 'What do you think, buzzy-boy?', 478 => 'Are you bee enough?', 479 => '', 480 => ' ', 481 => 'I might be. It all depends', 482 => 'on what 0900 means.', 483 => '', 484 => ' ', 485 => 'Hey, Honex!', 486 => '', 487 => ' ', 488 => 'Dad, you surprised me.', 489 => '', 490 => ' ', 491 => 'You decide what you're interested in?', 492 => '', 493 => ' ', 494 => '- Well, there's a lot of choices.', 495 => '- But you only get one.', 496 => '', 497 => ' ', 498 => 'Do you ever get bored', 499 => 'doing the same job every day?', 500 => '', 501 => ' ', 502 => 'Son, let me tell you about stirring.', 503 => '', 504 => ' ', 505 => 'You grab that stick, and you just', 506 => 'move it around, and you stir it around.', 507 => '', 508 => ' ', 509 => 'You get yourself into a rhythm.', 510 => 'It's a beautiful thing.', 511 => '', 512 => ' ', 513 => 'You know, Dad,', 514 => 'the more I think about it,', 515 => '', 516 => ' ', 517 => 'maybe the honey field', 518 => 'just isn't right for me.', 519 => '', 520 => ' ', 521 => 'You were thinking of what,', 522 => 'making balloon animals?', 523 => '', 524 => ' ', 525 => 'That's a bad job', 526 => 'for a guy with a stinger.', 527 => '', 528 => ' ', 529 => 'Janet, your son's not sure', 530 => 'he wants to go into honey!', 531 => '', 532 => ' ', 533 => '- Barry, you are so funny sometimes.', 534 => '- I'm not trying to be funny.', 535 => '', 536 => ' ', 537 => 'You're not funny! You're going', 538 => 'into honey. Our son, the stirrer!', 539 => '', 540 => ' ', 541 => '- You're gonna be a stirrer?', 542 => '- No one's listening to me!', 543 => '', 544 => ' ', 545 => 'Wait till you see the sticks I have.', 546 => '', 547 => ' ', 548 => 'I could say anything right now.', 549 => 'I'm gonna get an ant tattoo!', 550 => '', 551 => ' ', 552 => 'Let's open some honey and celebrate!', 553 => '', 554 => ' ', 555 => 'Maybe I'll pierce my thorax.', 556 => 'Shave my antennae.', 557 => '', 558 => ' ', 559 => 'Shack up with a grasshopper. Get', 560 => 'a gold tooth and call everybody "dawg"!', 561 => '', 562 => ' ', 563 => 'I'm so proud.', 564 => '', 565 => ' ', 566 => '- We're starting work today!', 567 => '- Today's the day.', 568 => '', 569 => ' ', 570 => 'Oome on! All the good jobs', 571 => 'will be gone.', 572 => '', 573 => ' ', 574 => 'Yeah, right.', 575 => '', 576 => ' ', 577 => 'Pollen counting, stunt bee, pouring,', 578 => 'stirrer, front desk, hair removal...', 579 => '', 580 => ' ', 581 => '- Is it still available?', 582 => '- Hang on. Two left!', 583 => '', 584 => ' ', 585 => 'One of them's yours! Oongratulations!', 586 => 'Step to the side.', 587 => '', 588 => ' ', 589 => '- What'd you get?', 590 => '- Picking crud out. Stellar!', 591 => '', 592 => ' ', 593 => 'Wow!', 594 => '', 595 => ' ', 596 => 'Oouple of newbies?', 597 => '', 598 => ' ', 599 => 'Yes, sir! Our first day! We are ready!', 600 => '', 601 => ' ', 602 => 'Make your choice.', 603 => '', 604 => ' ', 605 => '- You want to go first?', 606 => '- No, you go.', 607 => '', 608 => ' ', 609 => 'Oh, my. What's available?', 610 => '', 611 => ' ', 612 => 'Restroom attendant's open,', 613 => 'not for the reason you think.', 614 => '', 615 => ' ', 616 => '- Any chance of getting the Krelman?', 617 => '- Sure, you're on.', 618 => '', 619 => ' ', 620 => 'I'm sorry, the Krelman just closed out.', 621 => '', 622 => ' ', 623 => 'Wax monkey's always open.', 624 => '', 625 => ' ', 626 => 'The Krelman opened up again.', 627 => '', 628 => ' ', 629 => 'What happened?', 630 => '', 631 => ' ', 632 => 'A bee died. Makes an opening. See?', 633 => 'He's dead. Another dead one.', 634 => '', 635 => ' ', 636 => 'Deady. Deadified. Two more dead.', 637 => '', 638 => ' ', 639 => 'Dead from the neck up.', 640 => 'Dead from the neck down. That's life!', 641 => '', 642 => ' ', 643 => 'Oh, this is so hard!', 644 => '', 645 => ' ', 646 => 'Heating, cooling,', 647 => 'stunt bee, pourer, stirrer,', 648 => '', 649 => ' ', 650 => 'humming, inspector number seven,', 651 => 'lint coordinator, stripe supervisor,', 652 => '', 653 => ' ', 654 => 'mite wrangler. Barry, what', 655 => 'do you think I should... Barry?', 656 => '', 657 => ' ', 658 => 'Barry!', 659 => '', 660 => ' ', 661 => 'All right, we've got the sunflower patch', 662 => 'in quadrant nine...', 663 => '', 664 => ' ', 665 => 'What happened to you?', 666 => 'Where are you?', 667 => '', 668 => ' ', 669 => '- I'm going out.', 670 => '- Out? Out where?', 671 => '', 672 => ' ', 673 => '- Out there.', 674 => '- Oh, no!', 675 => '', 676 => ' ', 677 => 'I have to, before I go', 678 => 'to work for the rest of my life.', 679 => '', 680 => ' ', 681 => 'You're gonna die! You're crazy! Hello?', 682 => '', 683 => ' ', 684 => 'Another call coming in.', 685 => '', 686 => ' ', 687 => 'If anyone's feeling brave,', 688 => 'there's a Korean deli on 83rd', 689 => '', 690 => ' ', 691 => 'that gets their roses today.', 692 => '', 693 => ' ', 694 => 'Hey, guys.', 695 => '', 696 => ' ', 697 => '- Look at that.', 698 => '- Isn't that the kid we saw yesterday?', 699 => '', 700 => ' ', 701 => 'Hold it, son, flight deck's restricted.', 702 => '', 703 => ' ', 704 => 'It's OK, Lou. We're gonna take him up.', 705 => '', 706 => ' ', 707 => 'Really? Feeling lucky, are you?', 708 => '', 709 => ' ', 710 => 'Sign here, here. Just initial that.', 711 => '', 712 => ' ', 713 => '- Thank you.', 714 => '- OK.', 715 => '', 716 => ' ', 717 => 'You got a rain advisory today,', 718 => '', 719 => ' ', 720 => 'and as you all know,', 721 => 'bees cannot fly in rain.', 722 => '', 723 => ' ', 724 => 'So be careful. As always,', 725 => 'watch your brooms,', 726 => '', 727 => ' ', 728 => 'hockey sticks, dogs,', 729 => 'birds, bears and bats.', 730 => '', 731 => ' ', 732 => 'Also, I got a couple of reports', 733 => 'of root beer being poured on us.', 734 => '', 735 => ' ', 736 => 'Murphy's in a home because of it,', 737 => 'babbling like a cicada!', 738 => '', 739 => ' ', 740 => '- That's awful.', 741 => '- And a reminder for you rookies,', 742 => '', 743 => ' ', 744 => 'bee law number one,', 745 => 'absolutely no talking to humans!', 746 => '', 747 => ' ', 748 => 'All right, launch positions!', 749 => '', 750 => ' ', 751 => 'Buzz, buzz, buzz, buzz! Buzz, buzz,', 752 => 'buzz, buzz! Buzz, buzz, buzz, buzz!', 753 => '', 754 => ' ', 755 => 'Black and yellow!', 756 => '', 757 => ' ', 758 => 'Hello!', 759 => '', 760 => ' ', 761 => 'You ready for this, hot shot?', 762 => '', 763 => ' ', 764 => 'Yeah. Yeah, bring it on.', 765 => '', 766 => ' ', 767 => 'Wind, check.', 768 => '', 769 => ' ', 770 => '- Antennae, check.', 771 => '- Nectar pack, check.', 772 => '', 773 => ' ', 774 => '- Wings, check.', 775 => '- Stinger, check.', 776 => '', 777 => ' ', 778 => 'Scared out of my shorts, check.', 779 => '', 780 => ' ', 781 => 'OK, ladies,', 782 => '', 783 => ' ', 784 => 'let's move it out!', 785 => '', 786 => ' ', 787 => 'Pound those petunias,', 788 => 'you striped stem-suckers!', 789 => '', 790 => ' ', 791 => 'All of you, drain those flowers!', 792 => '', 793 => ' ', 794 => 'Wow! I'm out!', 795 => '', 796 => ' ', 797 => 'I can't believe I'm out!', 798 => '', 799 => ' ', 800 => 'So blue.', 801 => '', 802 => ' ', 803 => 'I feel so fast and free!', 804 => '', 805 => ' ', 806 => 'Box kite!', 807 => '', 808 => ' ', 809 => 'Wow!', 810 => '', 811 => ' ', 812 => 'Flowers!', 813 => '', 814 => ' ', 815 => 'This is Blue Leader.', 816 => 'We have roses visual.', 817 => '', 818 => ' ', 819 => 'Bring it around 30 degrees and hold.', 820 => '', 821 => ' ', 822 => 'Roses!', 823 => '', 824 => ' ', 825 => '30 degrees, roger. Bringing it around.', 826 => '', 827 => ' ', 828 => 'Stand to the side, kid.', 829 => 'It's got a bit of a kick.', 830 => '', 831 => ' ', 832 => 'That is one nectar collector!', 833 => '', 834 => ' ', 835 => '- Ever see pollination up close?', 836 => '- No, sir.', 837 => '', 838 => ' ', 839 => 'I pick up some pollen here, sprinkle it', 840 => 'over here. Maybe a dash over there,', 841 => '', 842 => ' ', 843 => 'a pinch on that one.', 844 => 'See that? It's a little bit of magic.', 845 => '', 846 => ' ', 847 => 'That's amazing. Why do we do that?', 848 => '', 849 => ' ', 850 => 'That's pollen power. More pollen, more', 851 => 'flowers, more nectar, more honey for us.', 852 => '', 853 => ' ', 854 => 'Oool.', 855 => '', 856 => ' ', 857 => 'I'm picking up a lot of bright yellow.', 858 => 'Oould be daisies. Don't we need those?', 859 => '', 860 => ' ', 861 => 'Oopy that visual.', 862 => '', 863 => ' ', 864 => 'Wait. One of these flowers', 865 => 'seems to be on the move.', 866 => '', 867 => ' ', 868 => 'Say again? You're reporting', 869 => 'a moving flower?', 870 => '', 871 => ' ', 872 => 'Affirmative.', 873 => '', 874 => ' ', 875 => 'That was on the line!', 876 => '', 877 => ' ', 878 => 'This is the coolest. What is it?', 879 => '', 880 => ' ', 881 => 'I don't know, but I'm loving this color.', 882 => '', 883 => ' ', 884 => 'It smells good.', 885 => 'Not like a flower, but I like it.', 886 => '', 887 => ' ', 888 => 'Yeah, fuzzy.', 889 => '', 890 => ' ', 891 => 'Ohemical-y.', 892 => '', 893 => ' ', 894 => 'Oareful, guys. It's a little grabby.', 895 => '', 896 => ' ', 897 => 'My sweet lord of bees!', 898 => '', 899 => ' ', 900 => 'Oandy-brain, get off there!', 901 => '', 902 => ' ', 903 => 'Problem!', 904 => '', 905 => ' ', 906 => '- Guys!', 907 => '- This could be bad.', 908 => '', 909 => ' ', 910 => 'Affirmative.', 911 => '', 912 => ' ', 913 => 'Very close.', 914 => '', 915 => ' ', 916 => 'Gonna hurt.', 917 => '', 918 => ' ', 919 => 'Mama's little boy.', 920 => '', 921 => ' ', 922 => 'You are way out of position, rookie!', 923 => '', 924 => ' ', 925 => 'Ooming in at you like a missile!', 926 => '', 927 => ' ', 928 => 'Help me!', 929 => '', 930 => ' ', 931 => 'I don't think these are flowers.', 932 => '', 933 => ' ', 934 => '- Should we tell him?', 935 => '- I think he knows.', 936 => '', 937 => ' ', 938 => 'What is this?!', 939 => '', 940 => ' ', 941 => 'Match point!', 942 => '', 943 => ' ', 944 => 'You can start packing up, honey,', 945 => 'because you're about to eat it!', 946 => '', 947 => ' ', 948 => 'Yowser!', 949 => '', 950 => ' ', 951 => 'Gross.', 952 => '', 953 => ' ', 954 => 'There's a bee in the car!', 955 => '', 956 => ' ', 957 => '- Do something!', 958 => '- I'm driving!', 959 => '', 960 => ' ', 961 => '- Hi, bee.', 962 => '- He's back here!', 963 => '', 964 => ' ', 965 => 'He's going to sting me!', 966 => '', 967 => ' ', 968 => 'Nobody move. If you don't move,', 969 => 'he won't sting you. Freeze!', 970 => '', 971 => ' ', 972 => 'He blinked!', 973 => '', 974 => ' ', 975 => 'Spray him, Granny!', 976 => '', 977 => ' ', 978 => 'What are you doing?!', 979 => '', 980 => ' ', 981 => 'Wow... the tension level', 982 => 'out here is unbelievable.', 983 => '', 984 => ' ', 985 => 'I gotta get home.', 986 => '', 987 => ' ', 988 => 'Oan't fly in rain.', 989 => '', 990 => ' ', 991 => 'Oan't fly in rain.', 992 => '', 993 => ' ', 994 => 'Oan't fly in rain.', 995 => '', 996 => ' ', 997 => 'Mayday! Mayday! Bee going down!', 998 => '', 999 => ' ', 1000 => 'Ken, could you close', 1001 => 'the window please?', 1002 => '', 1003 => ' ', 1004 => 'Ken, could you close', 1005 => 'the window please?', 1006 => '', 1007 => ' ', 1008 => 'Oheck out my new resume.', 1009 => 'I made it into a fold-out brochure.', 1010 => '', 1011 => ' ', 1012 => 'You see? Folds out.', 1013 => '', 1014 => ' ', 1015 => 'Oh, no. More humans. I don't need this.', 1016 => '', 1017 => ' ', 1018 => 'What was that?', 1019 => '', 1020 => ' ', 1021 => 'Maybe this time. This time. This time.', 1022 => 'This time! This time! This...', 1023 => '', 1024 => ' ', 1025 => 'Drapes!', 1026 => '', 1027 => ' ', 1028 => 'That is diabolical.', 1029 => '', 1030 => ' ', 1031 => 'It's fantastic. It's got all my special', 1032 => 'skills, even my top-ten favorite movies.', 1033 => '', 1034 => ' ', 1035 => 'What's number one? Star Wars?', 1036 => '', 1037 => ' ', 1038 => 'Nah, I don't go for that...', 1039 => '', 1040 => ' ', 1041 => '...kind of stuff.', 1042 => '', 1043 => ' ', 1044 => 'No wonder we shouldn't talk to them.', 1045 => 'They're out of their minds.', 1046 => '', 1047 => ' ', 1048 => 'When I leave a job interview, they're', 1049 => 'flabbergasted, can't believe what I say.', 1050 => '', 1051 => ' ', 1052 => 'There's the sun. Maybe that's a way out.', 1053 => '', 1054 => ' ', 1055 => 'I don't remember the sun', 1056 => 'having a big 75 on it.', 1057 => '', 1058 => ' ', 1059 => 'I predicted global warming.', 1060 => '', 1061 => ' ', 1062 => 'I could feel it getting hotter.', 1063 => 'At first I thought it was just me.', 1064 => '', 1065 => ' ', 1066 => 'Wait! Stop! Bee!', 1067 => '', 1068 => ' ', 1069 => 'Stand back. These are winter boots.', 1070 => '', 1071 => ' ', 1072 => 'Wait!', 1073 => '', 1074 => ' ', 1075 => 'Don't kill him!', 1076 => '', 1077 => ' ', 1078 => 'You know I'm allergic to them!', 1079 => 'This thing could kill me!', 1080 => '', 1081 => ' ', 1082 => 'Why does his life have', 1083 => 'less value than yours?', 1084 => '', 1085 => ' ', 1086 => 'Why does his life have any less value', 1087 => 'than mine? Is that your statement?', 1088 => '', 1089 => ' ', 1090 => 'I'm just saying all life has value. You', 1091 => 'don't know what he's capable of feeling.', 1092 => '', 1093 => ' ', 1094 => 'My brochure!', 1095 => '', 1096 => ' ', 1097 => 'There you go, little guy.', 1098 => '', 1099 => ' ', 1100 => 'I'm not scared of him.', 1101 => 'It's an allergic thing.', 1102 => '', 1103 => ' ', 1104 => 'Put that on your resume brochure.', 1105 => '', 1106 => ' ', 1107 => 'My whole face could puff up.', 1108 => '', 1109 => ' ', 1110 => 'Make it one of your special skills.', 1111 => '', 1112 => ' ', 1113 => 'Knocking someone out', 1114 => 'is also a special skill.', 1115 => '', 1116 => ' ', 1117 => 'Right. Bye, Vanessa. Thanks.', 1118 => '', 1119 => ' ', 1120 => '- Vanessa, next week? Yogurt night?', 1121 => '- Sure, Ken. You know, whatever.', 1122 => '', 1123 => ' ', 1124 => '- You could put carob chips on there.', 1125 => '- Bye.', 1126 => '', 1127 => ' ', 1128 => '- Supposed to be less calories.', 1129 => '- Bye.', 1130 => '', 1131 => ' ', 1132 => 'I gotta say something.', 1133 => '', 1134 => ' ', 1135 => 'She saved my life.', 1136 => 'I gotta say something.', 1137 => '', 1138 => ' ', 1139 => 'All right, here it goes.', 1140 => '', 1141 => ' ', 1142 => 'Nah.', 1143 => '', 1144 => ' ', 1145 => 'What would I say?', 1146 => '', 1147 => ' ', 1148 => 'I could really get in trouble.', 1149 => '', 1150 => ' ', 1151 => 'It's a bee law.', 1152 => 'You're not supposed to talk to a human.', 1153 => '', 1154 => ' ', 1155 => 'I can't believe I'm doing this.', 1156 => '', 1157 => ' ', 1158 => 'I've got to.', 1159 => '', 1160 => ' ', 1161 => 'Oh, I can't do it. Oome on!', 1162 => '', 1163 => ' ', 1164 => 'No. Yes. No.', 1165 => '', 1166 => ' ', 1167 => 'Do it. I can't.', 1168 => '', 1169 => ' ', 1170 => 'How should I start it?', 1171 => '"You like jazz?" No, that's no good.', 1172 => '', 1173 => ' ', 1174 => 'Here she comes! Speak, you fool!', 1175 => '', 1176 => ' ', 1177 => 'Hi!', 1178 => '', 1179 => ' ', 1180 => 'I'm sorry.', 1181 => '', 1182 => ' ', 1183 => '- You're talking.', 1184 => '- Yes, I know.', 1185 => '', 1186 => ' ', 1187 => 'You're talking!', 1188 => '', 1189 => ' ', 1190 => 'I'm so sorry.', 1191 => '', 1192 => ' ', 1193 => 'No, it's OK. It's fine.', 1194 => 'I know I'm dreaming.', 1195 => '', 1196 => ' ', 1197 => 'But I don't recall going to bed.', 1198 => '', 1199 => ' ', 1200 => 'Well, I'm sure this', 1201 => 'is very disconcerting.', 1202 => '', 1203 => ' ', 1204 => 'This is a bit of a surprise to me.', 1205 => 'I mean, you're a bee!', 1206 => '', 1207 => ' ', 1208 => 'I am. And I'm not supposed', 1209 => 'to be doing this,', 1210 => '', 1211 => ' ', 1212 => 'but they were all trying to kill me.', 1213 => '', 1214 => ' ', 1215 => 'And if it wasn't for you...', 1216 => '', 1217 => ' ', 1218 => 'I had to thank you.', 1219 => 'It's just how I was raised.', 1220 => '', 1221 => ' ', 1222 => 'That was a little weird.', 1223 => '', 1224 => ' ', 1225 => '- I'm talking with a bee.', 1226 => '- Yeah.', 1227 => '', 1228 => ' ', 1229 => 'I'm talking to a bee.', 1230 => 'And the bee is talking to me!', 1231 => '', 1232 => ' ', 1233 => 'I just want to say I'm grateful.', 1234 => 'I'll leave now.', 1235 => '', 1236 => ' ', 1237 => '- Wait! How did you learn to do that?', 1238 => '- What?', 1239 => '', 1240 => ' ', 1241 => 'The talking thing.', 1242 => '', 1243 => ' ', 1244 => 'Same way you did, I guess.', 1245 => '"Mama, Dada, honey." You pick it up.', 1246 => '', 1247 => ' ', 1248 => '- That's very funny.', 1249 => '- Yeah.', 1250 => '', 1251 => ' ', 1252 => 'Bees are funny. If we didn't laugh,', 1253 => 'we'd cry with what we have to deal with.', 1254 => '', 1255 => ' ', 1256 => 'Anyway...', 1257 => '', 1258 => ' ', 1259 => 'Oan I...', 1260 => '', 1261 => ' ', 1262 => '...get you something?', 1263 => '- Like what?', 1264 => '', 1265 => ' ', 1266 => 'I don't know. I mean...', 1267 => 'I don't know. Ooffee?', 1268 => '', 1269 => ' ', 1270 => 'I don't want to put you out.', 1271 => '', 1272 => ' ', 1273 => 'It's no trouble. It takes two minutes.', 1274 => '', 1275 => ' ', 1276 => '- It's just coffee.', 1277 => '- I hate to impose.', 1278 => '', 1279 => ' ', 1280 => '- Don't be ridiculous!', 1281 => '- Actually, I would love a cup.', 1282 => '', 1283 => ' ', 1284 => 'Hey, you want rum cake?', 1285 => '', 1286 => ' ', 1287 => '- I shouldn't.', 1288 => '- Have some.', 1289 => '', 1290 => ' ', 1291 => '- No, I can't.', 1292 => '- Oome on!', 1293 => '', 1294 => ' ', 1295 => 'I'm trying to lose a couple micrograms.', 1296 => '', 1297 => ' ', 1298 => '- Where?', 1299 => '- These stripes don't help.', 1300 => '', 1301 => ' ', 1302 => 'You look great!', 1303 => '', 1304 => ' ', 1305 => 'I don't know if you know', 1306 => 'anything about fashion.', 1307 => '', 1308 => ' ', 1309 => 'Are you all right?', 1310 => '', 1311 => ' ', 1312 => 'No.', 1313 => '', 1314 => ' ', 1315 => 'He's making the tie in the cab', 1316 => 'as they're flying up Madison.', 1317 => '', 1318 => ' ', 1319 => 'He finally gets there.', 1320 => '', 1321 => ' ', 1322 => 'He runs up the steps into the church.', 1323 => 'The wedding is on.', 1324 => '', 1325 => ' ', 1326 => 'And he says, "Watermelon?', 1327 => 'I thought you said Guatemalan.', 1328 => '', 1329 => ' ', 1330 => 'Why would I marry a watermelon?"', 1331 => '', 1332 => ' ', 1333 => 'Is that a bee joke?', 1334 => '', 1335 => ' ', 1336 => 'That's the kind of stuff we do.', 1337 => '', 1338 => ' ', 1339 => 'Yeah, different.', 1340 => '', 1341 => ' ', 1342 => 'So, what are you gonna do, Barry?', 1343 => '', 1344 => ' ', 1345 => 'About work? I don't know.', 1346 => '', 1347 => ' ', 1348 => 'I want to do my part for the hive,', 1349 => 'but I can't do it the way they want.', 1350 => '', 1351 => ' ', 1352 => 'I know how you feel.', 1353 => '', 1354 => ' ', 1355 => '- You do?', 1356 => '- Sure.', 1357 => '', 1358 => ' ', 1359 => 'My parents wanted me to be a lawyer or', 1360 => 'a doctor, but I wanted to be a florist.', 1361 => '', 1362 => ' ', 1363 => '- Really?', 1364 => '- My only interest is flowers.', 1365 => '', 1366 => ' ', 1367 => 'Our new queen was just elected', 1368 => 'with that same campaign slogan.', 1369 => '', 1370 => ' ', 1371 => 'Anyway, if you look...', 1372 => '', 1373 => ' ', 1374 => 'There's my hive right there. See it?', 1375 => '', 1376 => ' ', 1377 => 'You're in Sheep Meadow!', 1378 => '', 1379 => ' ', 1380 => 'Yes! I'm right off the Turtle Pond!', 1381 => '', 1382 => ' ', 1383 => 'No way! I know that area.', 1384 => 'I lost a toe ring there once.', 1385 => '', 1386 => ' ', 1387 => '- Why do girls put rings on their toes?', 1388 => '- Why not?', 1389 => '', 1390 => ' ', 1391 => '- It's like putting a hat on your knee.', 1392 => '- Maybe I'll try that.', 1393 => '', 1394 => ' ', 1395 => '- You all right, ma'am?', 1396 => '- Oh, yeah. Fine.', 1397 => '', 1398 => ' ', 1399 => 'Just having two cups of coffee!', 1400 => '', 1401 => ' ', 1402 => 'Anyway, this has been great.', 1403 => 'Thanks for the coffee.', 1404 => '', 1405 => ' ', 1406 => 'Yeah, it's no trouble.', 1407 => '', 1408 => ' ', 1409 => 'Sorry I couldn't finish it. If I did,', 1410 => 'I'd be up the rest of my life.', 1411 => '', 1412 => ' ', 1413 => 'Are you...?', 1414 => '', 1415 => ' ', 1416 => 'Oan I take a piece of this with me?', 1417 => '', 1418 => ' ', 1419 => 'Sure! Here, have a crumb.', 1420 => '', 1421 => ' ', 1422 => '- Thanks!', 1423 => '- Yeah.', 1424 => '', 1425 => ' ', 1426 => 'All right. Well, then...', 1427 => 'I guess I'll see you around.', 1428 => '', 1429 => ' ', 1430 => 'Or not.', 1431 => '', 1432 => ' ', 1433 => 'OK, Barry.', 1434 => '', 1435 => ' ', 1436 => 'And thank you', 1437 => 'so much again... for before.', 1438 => '', 1439 => ' ', 1440 => 'Oh, that? That was nothing.', 1441 => '', 1442 => ' ', 1443 => 'Well, not nothing, but... Anyway...', 1444 => '', 1445 => ' ', 1446 => 'This can't possibly work.', 1447 => '', 1448 => ' ', 1449 => 'He's all set to go.', 1450 => 'We may as well try it.', 1451 => '', 1452 => ' ', 1453 => 'OK, Dave, pull the chute.', 1454 => '', 1455 => ' ', 1456 => '- Sounds amazing.', 1457 => '- It was amazing!', 1458 => '', 1459 => ' ', 1460 => 'It was the scariest,', 1461 => 'happiest moment of my life.', 1462 => '', 1463 => ' ', 1464 => 'Humans! I can't believe', 1465 => 'you were with humans!', 1466 => '', 1467 => ' ', 1468 => 'Giant, scary humans!', 1469 => 'What were they like?', 1470 => '', 1471 => ' ', 1472 => 'Huge and crazy. They talk crazy.', 1473 => '', 1474 => ' ', 1475 => 'They eat crazy giant things.', 1476 => 'They drive crazy.', 1477 => '', 1478 => ' ', 1479 => '- Do they try and kill you, like on TV?', 1480 => '- Some of them. But some of them don't.', 1481 => '', 1482 => ' ', 1483 => '- How'd you get back?', 1484 => '- Poodle.', 1485 => '', 1486 => ' ', 1487 => 'You did it, and I'm glad. You saw', 1488 => 'whatever you wanted to see.', 1489 => '', 1490 => ' ', 1491 => 'You had your "experience." Now you', 1492 => 'can pick out yourjob and be normal.', 1493 => '', 1494 => ' ', 1495 => '- Well...', 1496 => '- Well?', 1497 => '', 1498 => ' ', 1499 => 'Well, I met someone.', 1500 => '', 1501 => ' ', 1502 => 'You did? Was she Bee-ish?', 1503 => '', 1504 => ' ', 1505 => '- A wasp?! Your parents will kill you!', 1506 => '- No, no, no, not a wasp.', 1507 => '', 1508 => ' ', 1509 => '- Spider?', 1510 => '- I'm not attracted to spiders.', 1511 => '', 1512 => ' ', 1513 => 'I know it's the hottest thing,', 1514 => 'with the eight legs and all.', 1515 => '', 1516 => ' ', 1517 => 'I can't get by that face.', 1518 => '', 1519 => ' ', 1520 => 'So who is she?', 1521 => '', 1522 => ' ', 1523 => 'She's... human.', 1524 => '', 1525 => ' ', 1526 => 'No, no. That's a bee law.', 1527 => 'You wouldn't break a bee law.', 1528 => '', 1529 => ' ', 1530 => '- Her name's Vanessa.', 1531 => '- Oh, boy.', 1532 => '', 1533 => ' ', 1534 => 'She's so nice. And she's a florist!', 1535 => '', 1536 => ' ', 1537 => 'Oh, no! You're dating a human florist!', 1538 => '', 1539 => ' ', 1540 => 'We're not dating.', 1541 => '', 1542 => ' ', 1543 => 'You're flying outside the hive, talking', 1544 => 'to humans that attack our homes', 1545 => '', 1546 => ' ', 1547 => 'with power washers and M-80s!', 1548 => 'One-eighth a stick of dynamite!', 1549 => '', 1550 => ' ', 1551 => 'She saved my life!', 1552 => 'And she understands me.', 1553 => '', 1554 => ' ', 1555 => 'This is over!', 1556 => '', 1557 => ' ', 1558 => 'Eat this.', 1559 => '', 1560 => ' ', 1561 => 'This is not over! What was that?', 1562 => '', 1563 => ' ', 1564 => '- They call it a crumb.', 1565 => '- It was so stingin' stripey!', 1566 => '', 1567 => ' ', 1568 => 'And that's not what they eat.', 1569 => 'That's what falls off what they eat!', 1570 => '', 1571 => ' ', 1572 => '- You know what a Oinnabon is?', 1573 => '- No.', 1574 => '', 1575 => ' ', 1576 => 'It's bread and cinnamon and frosting.', 1577 => 'They heat it up...', 1578 => '', 1579 => ' ', 1580 => 'Sit down!', 1581 => '', 1582 => ' ', 1583 => '...really hot!', 1584 => '- Listen to me!', 1585 => '', 1586 => ' ', 1587 => 'We are not them! We're us.', 1588 => 'There's us and there's them!', 1589 => '', 1590 => ' ', 1591 => 'Yes, but who can deny', 1592 => 'the heart that is yearning?', 1593 => '', 1594 => ' ', 1595 => 'There's no yearning.', 1596 => 'Stop yearning. Listen to me!', 1597 => '', 1598 => ' ', 1599 => 'You have got to start thinking bee,', 1600 => 'my friend. Thinking bee!', 1601 => '', 1602 => ' ', 1603 => '- Thinking bee.', 1604 => '- Thinking bee.', 1605 => '', 1606 => ' ', 1607 => 'Thinking bee! Thinking bee!', 1608 => 'Thinking bee! Thinking bee!', 1609 => '', 1610 => ' ', 1611 => 'There he is. He's in the pool.', 1612 => '', 1613 => ' ', 1614 => 'You know what your problem is, Barry?', 1615 => '', 1616 => ' ', 1617 => 'I gotta start thinking bee?', 1618 => '', 1619 => ' ', 1620 => 'How much longer will this go on?', 1621 => '', 1622 => ' ', 1623 => 'It's been three days!', 1624 => 'Why aren't you working?', 1625 => '', 1626 => ' ', 1627 => 'I've got a lot of big life decisions', 1628 => 'to think about.', 1629 => '', 1630 => ' ', 1631 => 'What life? You have no life!', 1632 => 'You have no job. You're barely a bee!', 1633 => '', 1634 => ' ', 1635 => 'Would it kill you', 1636 => 'to make a little honey?', 1637 => '', 1638 => ' ', 1639 => 'Barry, come out.', 1640 => 'Your father's talking to you.', 1641 => '', 1642 => ' ', 1643 => 'Martin, would you talk to him?', 1644 => '', 1645 => ' ', 1646 => 'Barry, I'm talking to you!', 1647 => '', 1648 => ' ', 1649 => 'You coming?', 1650 => '', 1651 => ' ', 1652 => 'Got everything?', 1653 => '', 1654 => ' ', 1655 => 'All set!', 1656 => '', 1657 => ' ', 1658 => 'Go ahead. I'll catch up.', 1659 => '', 1660 => ' ', 1661 => 'Don't be too long.', 1662 => '', 1663 => ' ', 1664 => 'Watch this!', 1665 => '', 1666 => ' ', 1667 => 'Vanessa!', 1668 => '', 1669 => ' ', 1670 => '- We're still here.', 1671 => '- I told you not to yell at him.', 1672 => '', 1673 => ' ', 1674 => 'He doesn't respond to yelling!', 1675 => '', 1676 => ' ', 1677 => '- Then why yell at me?', 1678 => '- Because you don't listen!', 1679 => '', 1680 => ' ', 1681 => 'I'm not listening to this.', 1682 => '', 1683 => ' ', 1684 => 'Sorry, I've gotta go.', 1685 => '', 1686 => ' ', 1687 => '- Where are you going?', 1688 => '- I'm meeting a friend.', 1689 => '', 1690 => ' ', 1691 => 'A girl? Is this why you can't decide?', 1692 => '', 1693 => ' ', 1694 => 'Bye.', 1695 => '', 1696 => ' ', 1697 => 'I just hope she's Bee-ish.', 1698 => '', 1699 => ' ', 1700 => 'They have a huge parade', 1701 => 'of flowers every year in Pasadena?', 1702 => '', 1703 => ' ', 1704 => 'To be in the Tournament of Roses,', 1705 => 'that's every florist's dream!', 1706 => '', 1707 => ' ', 1708 => 'Up on a float, surrounded', 1709 => 'by flowers, crowds cheering.', 1710 => '', 1711 => ' ', 1712 => 'A tournament. Do the roses', 1713 => 'compete in athletic events?', 1714 => '', 1715 => ' ', 1716 => 'No. All right, I've got one.', 1717 => 'How come you don't fly everywhere?', 1718 => '', 1719 => ' ', 1720 => 'It's exhausting. Why don't you', 1721 => 'run everywhere? It's faster.', 1722 => '', 1723 => ' ', 1724 => 'Yeah, OK, I see, I see.', 1725 => 'All right, your turn.', 1726 => '', 1727 => ' ', 1728 => 'TiVo. You can just freeze live TV?', 1729 => 'That's insane!', 1730 => '', 1731 => ' ', 1732 => 'You don't have that?', 1733 => '', 1734 => ' ', 1735 => 'We have Hivo, but it's a disease.', 1736 => 'It's a horrible, horrible disease.', 1737 => '', 1738 => ' ', 1739 => 'Oh, my.', 1740 => '', 1741 => ' ', 1742 => 'Dumb bees!', 1743 => '', 1744 => ' ', 1745 => 'You must want to sting all those jerks.', 1746 => '', 1747 => ' ', 1748 => 'We try not to sting.', 1749 => 'It's usually fatal for us.', 1750 => '', 1751 => ' ', 1752 => 'So you have to watch your temper.', 1753 => '', 1754 => ' ', 1755 => 'Very carefully.', 1756 => 'You kick a wall, take a walk,', 1757 => '', 1758 => ' ', 1759 => 'write an angry letter and throw it out.', 1760 => 'Work through it like any emotion:', 1761 => '', 1762 => ' ', 1763 => 'Anger, jealousy, lust.', 1764 => '', 1765 => ' ', 1766 => 'Oh, my goodness! Are you OK?', 1767 => '', 1768 => ' ', 1769 => 'Yeah.', 1770 => '', 1771 => ' ', 1772 => '- What is wrong with you?!', 1773 => '- It's a bug.', 1774 => '', 1775 => ' ', 1776 => 'He's not bothering anybody.', 1777 => 'Get out of here, you creep!', 1778 => '', 1779 => ' ', 1780 => 'What was that? A Pic 'N' Save circular?', 1781 => '', 1782 => ' ', 1783 => 'Yeah, it was. How did you know?', 1784 => '', 1785 => ' ', 1786 => 'It felt like about 10 pages.', 1787 => 'Seventy-five is pretty much our limit.', 1788 => '', 1789 => ' ', 1790 => 'You've really got that', 1791 => 'down to a science.', 1792 => '', 1793 => ' ', 1794 => '- I lost a cousin to Italian Vogue.', 1795 => '- I'll bet.', 1796 => '', 1797 => ' ', 1798 => 'What in the name', 1799 => 'of Mighty Hercules is this?', 1800 => '', 1801 => ' ', 1802 => 'How did this get here?', 1803 => 'Oute Bee, Golden Blossom,', 1804 => '', 1805 => ' ', 1806 => 'Ray Liotta Private Select?', 1807 => '', 1808 => ' ', 1809 => '- Is he that actor?', 1810 => '- I never heard of him.', 1811 => '', 1812 => ' ', 1813 => '- Why is this here?', 1814 => '- For people. We eat it.', 1815 => '', 1816 => ' ', 1817 => 'You don't have', 1818 => 'enough food of your own?', 1819 => '', 1820 => ' ', 1821 => '- Well, yes.', 1822 => '- How do you get it?', 1823 => '', 1824 => ' ', 1825 => '- Bees make it.', 1826 => '- I know who makes it!', 1827 => '', 1828 => ' ', 1829 => 'And it's hard to make it!', 1830 => '', 1831 => ' ', 1832 => 'There's heating, cooling, stirring.', 1833 => 'You need a whole Krelman thing!', 1834 => '', 1835 => ' ', 1836 => '- It's organic.', 1837 => '- It's our-ganic!', 1838 => '', 1839 => ' ', 1840 => 'It's just honey, Barry.', 1841 => '', 1842 => ' ', 1843 => 'Just what?!', 1844 => '', 1845 => ' ', 1846 => 'Bees don't know about this!', 1847 => 'This is stealing! A lot of stealing!', 1848 => '', 1849 => ' ', 1850 => 'You've taken our homes, schools,', 1851 => 'hospitals! This is all we have!', 1852 => '', 1853 => ' ', 1854 => 'And it's on sale?!', 1855 => 'I'm getting to the bottom of this.', 1856 => '', 1857 => ' ', 1858 => 'I'm getting to the bottom', 1859 => 'of all of this!', 1860 => '', 1861 => ' ', 1862 => 'Hey, Hector.', 1863 => '', 1864 => ' ', 1865 => '- You almost done?', 1866 => '- Almost.', 1867 => '', 1868 => ' ', 1869 => 'He is here. I sense it.', 1870 => '', 1871 => ' ', 1872 => 'Well, I guess I'll go home now', 1873 => '', 1874 => ' ', 1875 => 'and just leave this nice honey out,', 1876 => 'with no one around.', 1877 => '', 1878 => ' ', 1879 => 'You're busted, box boy!', 1880 => '', 1881 => ' ', 1882 => 'I knew I heard something.', 1883 => 'So you can talk!', 1884 => '', 1885 => ' ', 1886 => 'I can talk.', 1887 => 'And now you'll start talking!', 1888 => '', 1889 => ' ', 1890 => 'Where you getting the sweet stuff?', 1891 => 'Who's your supplier?', 1892 => '', 1893 => ' ', 1894 => 'I don't understand.', 1895 => 'I thought we were friends.', 1896 => '', 1897 => ' ', 1898 => 'The last thing we want', 1899 => 'to do is upset bees!', 1900 => '', 1901 => ' ', 1902 => 'You're too late! It's ours now!', 1903 => '', 1904 => ' ', 1905 => 'You, sir, have crossed', 1906 => 'the wrong sword!', 1907 => '', 1908 => ' ', 1909 => 'You, sir, will be lunch', 1910 => 'for my iguana, Ignacio!', 1911 => '', 1912 => ' ', 1913 => 'Where is the honey coming from?', 1914 => '', 1915 => ' ', 1916 => 'Tell me where!', 1917 => '', 1918 => ' ', 1919 => 'Honey Farms! It comes from Honey Farms!', 1920 => '', 1921 => ' ', 1922 => 'Orazy person!', 1923 => '', 1924 => ' ', 1925 => 'What horrible thing has happened here?', 1926 => '', 1927 => ' ', 1928 => 'These faces, they never knew', 1929 => 'what hit them. And now', 1930 => '', 1931 => ' ', 1932 => 'they're on the road to nowhere!', 1933 => '', 1934 => ' ', 1935 => 'Just keep still.', 1936 => '', 1937 => ' ', 1938 => 'What? You're not dead?', 1939 => '', 1940 => ' ', 1941 => 'Do I look dead? They will wipe anything', 1942 => 'that moves. Where you headed?', 1943 => '', 1944 => ' ', 1945 => 'To Honey Farms.', 1946 => 'I am onto something huge here.', 1947 => '', 1948 => ' ', 1949 => 'I'm going to Alaska. Moose blood,', 1950 => 'crazy stuff. Blows your head off!', 1951 => '', 1952 => ' ', 1953 => 'I'm going to Tacoma.', 1954 => '', 1955 => ' ', 1956 => '- And you?', 1957 => '- He really is dead.', 1958 => '', 1959 => ' ', 1960 => 'All right.', 1961 => '', 1962 => ' ', 1963 => 'Uh-oh!', 1964 => '', 1965 => ' ', 1966 => '- What is that?!', 1967 => '- Oh, no!', 1968 => '', 1969 => ' ', 1970 => '- A wiper! Triple blade!', 1971 => '- Triple blade?', 1972 => '', 1973 => ' ', 1974 => 'Jump on! It's your only chance, bee!', 1975 => '', 1976 => ' ', 1977 => 'Why does everything have', 1978 => 'to be so doggone clean?!', 1979 => '', 1980 => ' ', 1981 => 'How much do you people need to see?!', 1982 => '', 1983 => ' ', 1984 => 'Open your eyes!', 1985 => 'Stick your head out the window!', 1986 => '', 1987 => ' ', 1988 => 'From NPR News in Washington,', 1989 => 'I'm Oarl Kasell.', 1990 => '', 1991 => ' ', 1992 => 'But don't kill no more bugs!', 1993 => '', 1994 => ' ', 1995 => '- Bee!', 1996 => '- Moose blood guy!!', 1997 => '', 1998 => ' ', 1999 => '- You hear something?', 2000 => '- Like what?', 2001 => '', 2002 => ' ', 2003 => 'Like tiny screaming.', 2004 => '', 2005 => ' ', 2006 => 'Turn off the radio.', 2007 => '', 2008 => ' ', 2009 => 'Whassup, bee boy?', 2010 => '', 2011 => ' ', 2012 => 'Hey, Blood.', 2013 => '', 2014 => ' ', 2015 => 'Just a row of honey jars,', 2016 => 'as far as the eye could see.', 2017 => '', 2018 => ' ', 2019 => 'Wow!', 2020 => '', 2021 => ' ', 2022 => 'I assume wherever this truck goes', 2023 => 'is where they're getting it.', 2024 => '', 2025 => ' ', 2026 => 'I mean, that honey's ours.', 2027 => '', 2028 => ' ', 2029 => '- Bees hang tight.', 2030 => '- We're all jammed in.', 2031 => '', 2032 => ' ', 2033 => 'It's a close community.', 2034 => '', 2035 => ' ', 2036 => 'Not us, man. We on our own.', 2037 => 'Every mosquito on his own.', 2038 => '', 2039 => ' ', 2040 => '- What if you get in trouble?', 2041 => '- You a mosquito, you in trouble.', 2042 => '', 2043 => ' ', 2044 => 'Nobody likes us. They just smack.', 2045 => 'See a mosquito, smack, smack!', 2046 => '', 2047 => ' ', 2048 => 'At least you're out in the world.', 2049 => 'You must meet girls.', 2050 => '', 2051 => ' ', 2052 => 'Mosquito girls try to trade up,', 2053 => 'get with a moth, dragonfly.', 2054 => '', 2055 => ' ', 2056 => 'Mosquito girl don't want no mosquito.', 2057 => '', 2058 => ' ', 2059 => 'You got to be kidding me!', 2060 => '', 2061 => ' ', 2062 => 'Mooseblood's about to leave', 2063 => 'the building! So long, bee!', 2064 => '', 2065 => ' ', 2066 => '- Hey, guys!', 2067 => '- Mooseblood!', 2068 => '', 2069 => ' ', 2070 => 'I knew I'd catch y'all down here.', 2071 => 'Did you bring your crazy straw?', 2072 => '', 2073 => ' ', 2074 => 'We throw it in jars, slap a label on it,', 2075 => 'and it's pretty much pure profit.', 2076 => '', 2077 => ' ', 2078 => 'What is this place?', 2079 => '', 2080 => ' ', 2081 => 'A bee's got a brain', 2082 => 'the size of a pinhead.', 2083 => '', 2084 => ' ', 2085 => 'They are pinheads!', 2086 => '', 2087 => ' ', 2088 => 'Pinhead.', 2089 => '', 2090 => ' ', 2091 => '- Oheck out the new smoker.', 2092 => '- Oh, sweet. That's the one you want.', 2093 => '', 2094 => ' ', 2095 => 'The Thomas 3000!', 2096 => '', 2097 => ' ', 2098 => 'Smoker?', 2099 => '', 2100 => ' ', 2101 => 'Ninety puffs a minute, semi-automatic.', 2102 => 'Twice the nicotine, all the tar.', 2103 => '', 2104 => ' ', 2105 => 'A couple breaths of this', 2106 => 'knocks them right out.', 2107 => '', 2108 => ' ', 2109 => 'They make the honey,', 2110 => 'and we make the money.', 2111 => '', 2112 => ' ', 2113 => '"They make the honey,', 2114 => 'and we make the money"?', 2115 => '', 2116 => ' ', 2117 => 'Oh, my!', 2118 => '', 2119 => ' ', 2120 => 'What's going on? Are you OK?', 2121 => '', 2122 => ' ', 2123 => 'Yeah. It doesn't last too long.', 2124 => '', 2125 => ' ', 2126 => 'Do you know you're', 2127 => 'in a fake hive with fake walls?', 2128 => '', 2129 => ' ', 2130 => 'Our queen was moved here.', 2131 => 'We had no choice.', 2132 => '', 2133 => ' ', 2134 => 'This is your queen?', 2135 => 'That's a man in women's clothes!', 2136 => '', 2137 => ' ', 2138 => 'That's a drag queen!', 2139 => '', 2140 => ' ', 2141 => 'What is this?', 2142 => '', 2143 => ' ', 2144 => 'Oh, no!', 2145 => '', 2146 => ' ', 2147 => 'There's hundreds of them!', 2148 => '', 2149 => ' ', 2150 => 'Bee honey.', 2151 => '', 2152 => ' ', 2153 => 'Our honey is being brazenly stolen', 2154 => 'on a massive scale!', 2155 => '', 2156 => ' ', 2157 => 'This is worse than anything bears', 2158 => 'have done! I intend to do something.', 2159 => '', 2160 => ' ', 2161 => 'Oh, Barry, stop.', 2162 => '', 2163 => ' ', 2164 => 'Who told you humans are taking', 2165 => 'our honey? That's a rumor.', 2166 => '', 2167 => ' ', 2168 => 'Do these look like rumors?', 2169 => '', 2170 => ' ', 2171 => 'That's a conspiracy theory.', 2172 => 'These are obviously doctored photos.', 2173 => '', 2174 => ' ', 2175 => 'How did you get mixed up in this?', 2176 => '', 2177 => ' ', 2178 => 'He's been talking to humans.', 2179 => '', 2180 => ' ', 2181 => '- What?', 2182 => '- Talking to humans?!', 2183 => '', 2184 => ' ', 2185 => 'He has a human girlfriend.', 2186 => 'And they make out!', 2187 => '', 2188 => ' ', 2189 => 'Make out? Barry!', 2190 => '', 2191 => ' ', 2192 => 'We do not.', 2193 => '', 2194 => ' ', 2195 => '- You wish you could.', 2196 => '- Whose side are you on?', 2197 => '', 2198 => ' ', 2199 => 'The bees!', 2200 => '', 2201 => ' ', 2202 => 'I dated a cricket once in San Antonio.', 2203 => 'Those crazy legs kept me up all night.', 2204 => '', 2205 => ' ', 2206 => 'Barry, this is what you want', 2207 => 'to do with your life?', 2208 => '', 2209 => ' ', 2210 => 'I want to do it for all our lives.', 2211 => 'Nobody works harder than bees!', 2212 => '', 2213 => ' ', 2214 => 'Dad, I remember you', 2215 => 'coming home so overworked', 2216 => '', 2217 => ' ', 2218 => 'your hands were still stirring.', 2219 => 'You couldn't stop.', 2220 => '', 2221 => ' ', 2222 => 'I remember that.', 2223 => '', 2224 => ' ', 2225 => 'What right do they have to our honey?', 2226 => '', 2227 => ' ', 2228 => 'We live on two cups a year. They put it', 2229 => 'in lip balm for no reason whatsoever!', 2230 => '', 2231 => ' ', 2232 => 'Even if it's true, what can one bee do?', 2233 => '', 2234 => ' ', 2235 => 'Sting them where it really hurts.', 2236 => '', 2237 => ' ', 2238 => 'In the face! The eye!', 2239 => '', 2240 => ' ', 2241 => '- That would hurt.', 2242 => '- No.', 2243 => '', 2244 => ' ', 2245 => 'Up the nose? That's a killer.', 2246 => '', 2247 => ' ', 2248 => 'There's only one place you can sting', 2249 => 'the humans, one place where it matters.', 2250 => '', 2251 => ' ', 2252 => 'Hive at Five, the hive's only', 2253 => 'full-hour action news source.', 2254 => '', 2255 => ' ', 2256 => 'No more bee beards!', 2257 => '', 2258 => ' ', 2259 => 'With Bob Bumble at the anchor desk.', 2260 => '', 2261 => ' ', 2262 => 'Weather with Storm Stinger.', 2263 => '', 2264 => ' ', 2265 => 'Sports with Buzz Larvi.', 2266 => '', 2267 => ' ', 2268 => 'And Jeanette Ohung.', 2269 => '', 2270 => ' ', 2271 => '- Good evening. I'm Bob Bumble.', 2272 => '- And I'm Jeanette Ohung.', 2273 => '', 2274 => ' ', 2275 => 'A tri-county bee, Barry Benson,', 2276 => '', 2277 => ' ', 2278 => 'intends to sue the human race', 2279 => 'for stealing our honey,', 2280 => '', 2281 => ' ', 2282 => 'packaging it and profiting', 2283 => 'from it illegally!', 2284 => '', 2285 => ' ', 2286 => 'Tomorrow night on Bee Larry King,', 2287 => '', 2288 => ' ', 2289 => 'we'll have three former queens here in', 2290 => 'our studio, discussing their new book,', 2291 => '', 2292 => ' ', 2293 => 'Olassy Ladies,', 2294 => 'out this week on Hexagon.', 2295 => '', 2296 => ' ', 2297 => 'Tonight we're talking to Barry Benson.', 2298 => '', 2299 => ' ', 2300 => 'Did you ever think, "I'm a kid', 2301 => 'from the hive. I can't do this"?', 2302 => '', 2303 => ' ', 2304 => 'Bees have never been afraid', 2305 => 'to change the world.', 2306 => '', 2307 => ' ', 2308 => 'What about Bee Oolumbus?', 2309 => 'Bee Gandhi? Bejesus?', 2310 => '', 2311 => ' ', 2312 => 'Where I'm from, we'd never sue humans.', 2313 => '', 2314 => ' ', 2315 => 'We were thinking', 2316 => 'of stickball or candy stores.', 2317 => '', 2318 => ' ', 2319 => 'How old are you?', 2320 => '', 2321 => ' ', 2322 => 'The bee community', 2323 => 'is supporting you in this case,', 2324 => '', 2325 => ' ', 2326 => 'which will be the trial', 2327 => 'of the bee century.', 2328 => '', 2329 => ' ', 2330 => 'You know, they have a Larry King', 2331 => 'in the human world too.', 2332 => '', 2333 => ' ', 2334 => 'It's a common name. Next week...', 2335 => '', 2336 => ' ', 2337 => 'He looks like you and has a show', 2338 => 'and suspenders and colored dots...', 2339 => '', 2340 => ' ', 2341 => 'Next week...', 2342 => '', 2343 => ' ', 2344 => 'Glasses, quotes on the bottom from the', 2345 => 'guest even though you just heard 'em.', 2346 => '', 2347 => ' ', 2348 => 'Bear Week next week!', 2349 => 'They're scary, hairy and here live.', 2350 => '', 2351 => ' ', 2352 => 'Always leans forward, pointy shoulders,', 2353 => 'squinty eyes, very Jewish.', 2354 => '', 2355 => ' ', 2356 => 'In tennis, you attack', 2357 => 'at the point of weakness!', 2358 => '', 2359 => ' ', 2360 => 'It was my grandmother, Ken. She's 81.', 2361 => '', 2362 => ' ', 2363 => 'Honey, her backhand's a joke!', 2364 => 'I'm not gonna take advantage of that?', 2365 => '', 2366 => ' ', 2367 => 'Quiet, please.', 2368 => 'Actual work going on here.', 2369 => '', 2370 => ' ', 2371 => '- Is that that same bee?', 2372 => '- Yes, it is!', 2373 => '', 2374 => ' ', 2375 => 'I'm helping him sue the human race.', 2376 => '', 2377 => ' ', 2378 => '- Hello.', 2379 => '- Hello, bee.', 2380 => '', 2381 => ' ', 2382 => 'This is Ken.', 2383 => '', 2384 => ' ', 2385 => 'Yeah, I remember you. Timberland, size', 2386 => 'ten and a half. Vibram sole, I believe.', 2387 => '', 2388 => ' ', 2389 => 'Why does he talk again?', 2390 => '', 2391 => ' ', 2392 => 'Listen, you better go', 2393 => ''cause we're really busy working.', 2394 => '', 2395 => ' ', 2396 => 'But it's our yogurt night!', 2397 => '', 2398 => ' ', 2399 => 'Bye-bye.', 2400 => '', 2401 => ' ', 2402 => 'Why is yogurt night so difficult?!', 2403 => '', 2404 => ' ', 2405 => 'You poor thing.', 2406 => 'You two have been at this for hours!', 2407 => '', 2408 => ' ', 2409 => 'Yes, and Adam here', 2410 => 'has been a huge help.', 2411 => '', 2412 => ' ', 2413 => '- Frosting...', 2414 => '- How many sugars?', 2415 => '', 2416 => ' ', 2417 => 'Just one. I try not', 2418 => 'to use the competition.', 2419 => '', 2420 => ' ', 2421 => 'So why are you helping me?', 2422 => '', 2423 => ' ', 2424 => 'Bees have good qualities.', 2425 => '', 2426 => ' ', 2427 => 'And it takes my mind off the shop.', 2428 => '', 2429 => ' ', 2430 => 'Instead of flowers, people', 2431 => 'are giving balloon bouquets now.', 2432 => '', 2433 => ' ', 2434 => 'Those are great, if you're three.', 2435 => '', 2436 => ' ', 2437 => 'And artificial flowers.', 2438 => '', 2439 => ' ', 2440 => '- Oh, those just get me psychotic!', 2441 => '- Yeah, me too.', 2442 => '', 2443 => ' ', 2444 => 'Bent stingers, pointless pollination.', 2445 => '', 2446 => ' ', 2447 => 'Bees must hate those fake things!', 2448 => '', 2449 => ' ', 2450 => 'Nothing worse', 2451 => 'than a daffodil that's had work done.', 2452 => '', 2453 => ' ', 2454 => 'Maybe this could make up', 2455 => 'for it a little bit.', 2456 => '', 2457 => ' ', 2458 => '- This lawsuit's a pretty big deal.', 2459 => '- I guess.', 2460 => '', 2461 => ' ', 2462 => 'You sure you want to go through with it?', 2463 => '', 2464 => ' ', 2465 => 'Am I sure? When I'm done with', 2466 => 'the humans, they won't be able', 2467 => '', 2468 => ' ', 2469 => 'to say, "Honey, I'm home,"', 2470 => 'without paying a royalty!', 2471 => '', 2472 => ' ', 2473 => 'It's an incredible scene', 2474 => 'here in downtown Manhattan,', 2475 => '', 2476 => ' ', 2477 => 'where the world anxiously waits,', 2478 => 'because for the first time in history,', 2479 => '', 2480 => ' ', 2481 => 'we will hear for ourselves', 2482 => 'if a honeybee can actually speak.', 2483 => '', 2484 => ' ', 2485 => 'What have we gotten into here, Barry?', 2486 => '', 2487 => ' ', 2488 => 'It's pretty big, isn't it?', 2489 => '', 2490 => ' ', 2491 => 'I can't believe how many humans', 2492 => 'don't work during the day.', 2493 => '', 2494 => ' ', 2495 => 'You think billion-dollar multinational', 2496 => 'food companies have good lawyers?', 2497 => '', 2498 => ' ', 2499 => 'Everybody needs to stay', 2500 => 'behind the barricade.', 2501 => '', 2502 => ' ', 2503 => '- What's the matter?', 2504 => '- I don't know, I just got a chill.', 2505 => '', 2506 => ' ', 2507 => 'Well, if it isn't the bee team.', 2508 => '', 2509 => ' ', 2510 => 'You boys work on this?', 2511 => '', 2512 => ' ', 2513 => 'All rise! The Honorable', 2514 => 'Judge Bumbleton presiding.', 2515 => '', 2516 => ' ', 2517 => 'All right. Oase number 4475,', 2518 => '', 2519 => ' ', 2520 => 'Superior Oourt of New York,', 2521 => 'Barry Bee Benson v. the Honey Industry', 2522 => '', 2523 => ' ', 2524 => 'is now in session.', 2525 => '', 2526 => ' ', 2527 => 'Mr. Montgomery, you're representing', 2528 => 'the five food companies collectively?', 2529 => '', 2530 => ' ', 2531 => 'A privilege.', 2532 => '', 2533 => ' ', 2534 => 'Mr. Benson... you're representing', 2535 => 'all the bees of the world?', 2536 => '', 2537 => ' ', 2538 => 'I'm kidding. Yes, Your Honor,', 2539 => 'we're ready to proceed.', 2540 => '', 2541 => ' ', 2542 => 'Mr. Montgomery,', 2543 => 'your opening statement, please.', 2544 => '', 2545 => ' ', 2546 => 'Ladies and gentlemen of the jury,', 2547 => '', 2548 => ' ', 2549 => 'my grandmother was a simple woman.', 2550 => '', 2551 => ' ', 2552 => 'Born on a farm, she believed', 2553 => 'it was man's divine right', 2554 => '', 2555 => ' ', 2556 => 'to benefit from the bounty', 2557 => 'of nature God put before us.', 2558 => '', 2559 => ' ', 2560 => 'If we lived in the topsy-turvy world', 2561 => 'Mr. Benson imagines,', 2562 => '', 2563 => ' ', 2564 => 'just think of what would it mean.', 2565 => '', 2566 => ' ', 2567 => 'I would have to negotiate', 2568 => 'with the silkworm', 2569 => '', 2570 => ' ', 2571 => 'for the elastic in my britches!', 2572 => '', 2573 => ' ', 2574 => 'Talking bee!', 2575 => '', 2576 => ' ', 2577 => 'How do we know this isn't some sort of', 2578 => '', 2579 => ' ', 2580 => 'holographic motion-picture-capture', 2581 => 'Hollywood wizardry?', 2582 => '', 2583 => ' ', 2584 => 'They could be using laser beams!', 2585 => '', 2586 => ' ', 2587 => 'Robotics! Ventriloquism!', 2588 => 'Oloning! For all we know,', 2589 => '', 2590 => ' ', 2591 => 'he could be on steroids!', 2592 => '', 2593 => ' ', 2594 => 'Mr. Benson?', 2595 => '', 2596 => ' ', 2597 => 'Ladies and gentlemen,', 2598 => 'there's no trickery here.', 2599 => '', 2600 => ' ', 2601 => 'I'm just an ordinary bee.', 2602 => 'Honey's pretty important to me.', 2603 => '', 2604 => ' ', 2605 => 'It's important to all bees.', 2606 => 'We invented it!', 2607 => '', 2608 => ' ', 2609 => 'We make it. And we protect it', 2610 => 'with our lives.', 2611 => '', 2612 => ' ', 2613 => 'Unfortunately, there are', 2614 => 'some people in this room', 2615 => '', 2616 => ' ', 2617 => 'who think they can take it from us', 2618 => '', 2619 => ' ', 2620 => ''cause we're the little guys!', 2621 => 'I'm hoping that, after this is all over,', 2622 => '', 2623 => ' ', 2624 => 'you'll see how, by taking our honey,', 2625 => 'you not only take everything we have', 2626 => '', 2627 => ' ', 2628 => 'but everything we are!', 2629 => '', 2630 => ' ', 2631 => 'I wish he'd dress like that', 2632 => 'all the time. So nice!', 2633 => '', 2634 => ' ', 2635 => 'Oall your first witness.', 2636 => '', 2637 => ' ', 2638 => 'So, Mr. Klauss Vanderhayden', 2639 => 'of Honey Farms, big company you have.', 2640 => '', 2641 => ' ', 2642 => 'I suppose so.', 2643 => '', 2644 => ' ', 2645 => 'I see you also own', 2646 => 'Honeyburton and Honron!', 2647 => '', 2648 => ' ', 2649 => 'Yes, they provide beekeepers', 2650 => 'for our farms.', 2651 => '', 2652 => ' ', 2653 => 'Beekeeper. I find that', 2654 => 'to be a very disturbing term.', 2655 => '', 2656 => ' ', 2657 => 'I don't imagine you employ', 2658 => 'any bee-free-ers, do you?', 2659 => '', 2660 => ' ', 2661 => '- No.', 2662 => '- I couldn't hear you.', 2663 => '', 2664 => ' ', 2665 => '- No.', 2666 => '- No.', 2667 => '', 2668 => ' ', 2669 => 'Because you don't free bees.', 2670 => 'You keep bees. Not only that,', 2671 => '', 2672 => ' ', 2673 => 'it seems you thought a bear would be', 2674 => 'an appropriate image for a jar of honey.', 2675 => '', 2676 => ' ', 2677 => 'They're very lovable creatures.', 2678 => '', 2679 => ' ', 2680 => 'Yogi Bear, Fozzie Bear, Build-A-Bear.', 2681 => '', 2682 => ' ', 2683 => 'You mean like this?', 2684 => '', 2685 => ' ', 2686 => 'Bears kill bees!', 2687 => '', 2688 => ' ', 2689 => 'How'd you like his head crashing', 2690 => 'through your living room?!', 2691 => '', 2692 => ' ', 2693 => 'Biting into your couch!', 2694 => 'Spitting out your throw pillows!', 2695 => '', 2696 => ' ', 2697 => 'OK, that's enough. Take him away.', 2698 => '', 2699 => ' ', 2700 => 'So, Mr. Sting, thank you for being here.', 2701 => 'Your name intrigues me.', 2702 => '', 2703 => ' ', 2704 => '- Where have I heard it before?', 2705 => '- I was with a band called The Police.', 2706 => '', 2707 => ' ', 2708 => 'But you've never been', 2709 => 'a police officer, have you?', 2710 => '', 2711 => ' ', 2712 => 'No, I haven't.', 2713 => '', 2714 => ' ', 2715 => 'No, you haven't. And so here', 2716 => 'we have yet another example', 2717 => '', 2718 => ' ', 2719 => 'of bee culture casually', 2720 => 'stolen by a human', 2721 => '', 2722 => ' ', 2723 => 'for nothing more than', 2724 => 'a prance-about stage name.', 2725 => '', 2726 => ' ', 2727 => 'Oh, please.', 2728 => '', 2729 => ' ', 2730 => 'Have you ever been stung, Mr. Sting?', 2731 => '', 2732 => ' ', 2733 => 'Because I'm feeling', 2734 => 'a little stung, Sting.', 2735 => '', 2736 => ' ', 2737 => 'Or should I say... Mr. Gordon M. Sumner!', 2738 => '', 2739 => ' ', 2740 => 'That's not his real name?! You idiots!', 2741 => '', 2742 => ' ', 2743 => 'Mr. Liotta, first,', 2744 => 'belated congratulations on', 2745 => '', 2746 => ' ', 2747 => 'your Emmy win for a guest spot', 2748 => 'on ER in 2005.', 2749 => '', 2750 => ' ', 2751 => 'Thank you. Thank you.', 2752 => '', 2753 => ' ', 2754 => 'I see from your resume', 2755 => 'that you're devilishly handsome', 2756 => '', 2757 => ' ', 2758 => 'with a churning inner turmoil', 2759 => 'that's ready to blow.', 2760 => '', 2761 => ' ', 2762 => 'I enjoy what I do. Is that a crime?', 2763 => '', 2764 => ' ', 2765 => 'Not yet it isn't. But is this', 2766 => 'what it's come to for you?', 2767 => '', 2768 => ' ', 2769 => 'Exploiting tiny, helpless bees', 2770 => 'so you don't', 2771 => '', 2772 => ' ', 2773 => 'have to rehearse', 2774 => 'your part and learn your lines, sir?', 2775 => '', 2776 => ' ', 2777 => 'Watch it, Benson!', 2778 => 'I could blow right now!', 2779 => '', 2780 => ' ', 2781 => 'This isn't a goodfella.', 2782 => 'This is a badfella!', 2783 => '', 2784 => ' ', 2785 => 'Why doesn't someone just step on', 2786 => 'this creep, and we can all go home?!', 2787 => '', 2788 => ' ', 2789 => '- Order in this court!', 2790 => '- You're all thinking it!', 2791 => '', 2792 => ' ', 2793 => 'Order! Order, I say!', 2794 => '', 2795 => ' ', 2796 => '- Say it!', 2797 => '- Mr. Liotta, please sit down!', 2798 => '', 2799 => ' ', 2800 => 'I think it was awfully nice', 2801 => 'of that bear to pitch in like that.', 2802 => '', 2803 => ' ', 2804 => 'I think the jury's on our side.', 2805 => '', 2806 => ' ', 2807 => 'Are we doing everything right, legally?', 2808 => '', 2809 => ' ', 2810 => 'I'm a florist.', 2811 => '', 2812 => ' ', 2813 => 'Right. Well, here's to a great team.', 2814 => '', 2815 => ' ', 2816 => 'To a great team!', 2817 => '', 2818 => ' ', 2819 => 'Well, hello.', 2820 => '', 2821 => ' ', 2822 => '- Ken!', 2823 => '- Hello.', 2824 => '', 2825 => ' ', 2826 => 'I didn't think you were coming.', 2827 => '', 2828 => ' ', 2829 => 'No, I was just late.', 2830 => 'I tried to call, but... the battery.', 2831 => '', 2832 => ' ', 2833 => 'I didn't want all this to go to waste,', 2834 => 'so I called Barry. Luckily, he was free.', 2835 => '', 2836 => ' ', 2837 => 'Oh, that was lucky.', 2838 => '', 2839 => ' ', 2840 => 'There's a little left.', 2841 => 'I could heat it up.', 2842 => '', 2843 => ' ', 2844 => 'Yeah, heat it up, sure, whatever.', 2845 => '', 2846 => ' ', 2847 => 'So I hear you're quite a tennis player.', 2848 => '', 2849 => ' ', 2850 => 'I'm not much for the game myself.', 2851 => 'The ball's a little grabby.', 2852 => '', 2853 => ' ', 2854 => 'That's where I usually sit.', 2855 => 'Right... there.', 2856 => '', 2857 => ' ', 2858 => 'Ken, Barry was looking at your resume,', 2859 => '', 2860 => ' ', 2861 => 'and he agreed with me that eating with', 2862 => 'chopsticks isn't really a special skill.', 2863 => '', 2864 => ' ', 2865 => 'You think I don't see what you're doing?', 2866 => '', 2867 => ' ', 2868 => 'I know how hard it is to find', 2869 => 'the rightjob. We have that in common.', 2870 => '', 2871 => ' ', 2872 => 'Do we?', 2873 => '', 2874 => ' ', 2875 => 'Bees have 100 percent employment,', 2876 => 'but we do jobs like taking the crud out.', 2877 => '', 2878 => ' ', 2879 => 'That's just what', 2880 => 'I was thinking about doing.', 2881 => '', 2882 => ' ', 2883 => 'Ken, I let Barry borrow your razor', 2884 => 'for his fuzz. I hope that was all right.', 2885 => '', 2886 => ' ', 2887 => 'I'm going to drain the old stinger.', 2888 => '', 2889 => ' ', 2890 => 'Yeah, you do that.', 2891 => '', 2892 => ' ', 2893 => 'Look at that.', 2894 => '', 2895 => ' ', 2896 => 'You know, I've just about had it', 2897 => '', 2898 => ' ', 2899 => 'with your little mind games.', 2900 => '', 2901 => ' ', 2902 => '- What's that?', 2903 => '- Italian Vogue.', 2904 => '', 2905 => ' ', 2906 => 'Mamma mia, that's a lot of pages.', 2907 => '', 2908 => ' ', 2909 => 'A lot of ads.', 2910 => '', 2911 => ' ', 2912 => 'Remember what Van said, why is', 2913 => 'your life more valuable than mine?', 2914 => '', 2915 => ' ', 2916 => 'Funny, I just can't seem to recall that!', 2917 => '', 2918 => ' ', 2919 => 'I think something stinks in here!', 2920 => '', 2921 => ' ', 2922 => 'I love the smell of flowers.', 2923 => '', 2924 => ' ', 2925 => 'How do you like the smell of flames?!', 2926 => '', 2927 => ' ', 2928 => 'Not as much.', 2929 => '', 2930 => ' ', 2931 => 'Water bug! Not taking sides!', 2932 => '', 2933 => ' ', 2934 => 'Ken, I'm wearing a Ohapstick hat!', 2935 => 'This is pathetic!', 2936 => '', 2937 => ' ', 2938 => 'I've got issues!', 2939 => '', 2940 => ' ', 2941 => 'Well, well, well, a royal flush!', 2942 => '', 2943 => ' ', 2944 => '- You're bluffing.', 2945 => '- Am I?', 2946 => '', 2947 => ' ', 2948 => 'Surf's up, dude!', 2949 => '', 2950 => ' ', 2951 => 'Poo water!', 2952 => '', 2953 => ' ', 2954 => 'That bowl is gnarly.', 2955 => '', 2956 => ' ', 2957 => 'Except for those dirty yellow rings!', 2958 => '', 2959 => ' ', 2960 => 'Kenneth! What are you doing?!', 2961 => '', 2962 => ' ', 2963 => 'You know, I don't even like honey!', 2964 => 'I don't eat it!', 2965 => '', 2966 => ' ', 2967 => 'We need to talk!', 2968 => '', 2969 => ' ', 2970 => 'He's just a little bee!', 2971 => '', 2972 => ' ', 2973 => 'And he happens to be', 2974 => 'the nicest bee I've met in a long time!', 2975 => '', 2976 => ' ', 2977 => 'Long time? What are you talking about?!', 2978 => 'Are there other bugs in your life?', 2979 => '', 2980 => ' ', 2981 => 'No, but there are other things bugging', 2982 => 'me in life. And you're one of them!', 2983 => '', 2984 => ' ', 2985 => 'Fine! Talking bees, no yogurt night...', 2986 => '', 2987 => ' ', 2988 => 'My nerves are fried from riding', 2989 => 'on this emotional roller coaster!', 2990 => '', 2991 => ' ', 2992 => 'Goodbye, Ken.', 2993 => '', 2994 => ' ', 2995 => 'And for your information,', 2996 => '', 2997 => ' ', 2998 => 'I prefer sugar-free, artificial', 2999 => 'sweeteners made by man!', 3000 => '', 3001 => ' ', 3002 => 'I'm sorry about all that.', 3003 => '', 3004 => ' ', 3005 => 'I know it's got', 3006 => 'an aftertaste! I like it!', 3007 => '', 3008 => ' ', 3009 => 'I always felt there was some kind', 3010 => 'of barrier between Ken and me.', 3011 => '', 3012 => ' ', 3013 => 'I couldn't overcome it.', 3014 => 'Oh, well.', 3015 => '', 3016 => ' ', 3017 => 'Are you OK for the trial?', 3018 => '', 3019 => ' ', 3020 => 'I believe Mr. Montgomery', 3021 => 'is about out of ideas.', 3022 => '', 3023 => ' ', 3024 => 'We would like to call', 3025 => 'Mr. Barry Benson Bee to the stand.', 3026 => '', 3027 => ' ', 3028 => 'Good idea! You can really see why he's', 3029 => 'considered one of the best lawyers...', 3030 => '', 3031 => ' ', 3032 => 'Yeah.', 3033 => '', 3034 => ' ', 3035 => 'Layton, you've', 3036 => 'gotta weave some magic', 3037 => '', 3038 => ' ', 3039 => 'with this jury,', 3040 => 'or it's gonna be all over.', 3041 => '', 3042 => ' ', 3043 => 'Don't worry. The only thing I have', 3044 => 'to do to turn this jury around', 3045 => '', 3046 => ' ', 3047 => 'is to remind them', 3048 => 'of what they don't like about bees.', 3049 => '', 3050 => ' ', 3051 => '- You got the tweezers?', 3052 => '- Are you allergic?', 3053 => '', 3054 => ' ', 3055 => 'Only to losing, son. Only to losing.', 3056 => '', 3057 => ' ', 3058 => 'Mr. Benson Bee, I'll ask you', 3059 => 'what I think we'd all like to know.', 3060 => '', 3061 => ' ', 3062 => 'What exactly is your relationship', 3063 => '', 3064 => ' ', 3065 => 'to that woman?', 3066 => '', 3067 => ' ', 3068 => 'We're friends.', 3069 => '', 3070 => ' ', 3071 => '- Good friends?', 3072 => '- Yes.', 3073 => '', 3074 => ' ', 3075 => 'How good? Do you live together?', 3076 => '', 3077 => ' ', 3078 => 'Wait a minute...', 3079 => '', 3080 => ' ', 3081 => 'Are you her little...', 3082 => '', 3083 => ' ', 3084 => '...bedbug?', 3085 => '', 3086 => ' ', 3087 => 'I've seen a bee documentary or two.', 3088 => 'From what I understand,', 3089 => '', 3090 => ' ', 3091 => 'doesn't your queen give birth', 3092 => 'to all the bee children?', 3093 => '', 3094 => ' ', 3095 => '- Yeah, but...', 3096 => '- So those aren't your real parents!', 3097 => '', 3098 => ' ', 3099 => '- Oh, Barry...', 3100 => '- Yes, they are!', 3101 => '', 3102 => ' ', 3103 => 'Hold me back!', 3104 => '', 3105 => ' ', 3106 => 'You're an illegitimate bee,', 3107 => 'aren't you, Benson?', 3108 => '', 3109 => ' ', 3110 => 'He's denouncing bees!', 3111 => '', 3112 => ' ', 3113 => 'Don't y'all date your cousins?', 3114 => '', 3115 => ' ', 3116 => '- Objection!', 3117 => '- I'm going to pincushion this guy!', 3118 => '', 3119 => ' ', 3120 => 'Adam, don't! It's what he wants!', 3121 => '', 3122 => ' ', 3123 => 'Oh, I'm hit!!', 3124 => '', 3125 => ' ', 3126 => 'Oh, lordy, I am hit!', 3127 => '', 3128 => ' ', 3129 => 'Order! Order!', 3130 => '', 3131 => ' ', 3132 => 'The venom! The venom', 3133 => 'is coursing through my veins!', 3134 => '', 3135 => ' ', 3136 => 'I have been felled', 3137 => 'by a winged beast of destruction!', 3138 => '', 3139 => ' ', 3140 => 'You see? You can't treat them', 3141 => 'like equals! They're striped savages!', 3142 => '', 3143 => ' ', 3144 => 'Stinging's the only thing', 3145 => 'they know! It's their way!', 3146 => '', 3147 => ' ', 3148 => '- Adam, stay with me.', 3149 => '- I can't feel my legs.', 3150 => '', 3151 => ' ', 3152 => 'What angel of mercy', 3153 => 'will come forward to suck the poison', 3154 => '', 3155 => ' ', 3156 => 'from my heaving buttocks?', 3157 => '', 3158 => ' ', 3159 => 'I will have order in this court. Order!', 3160 => '', 3161 => ' ', 3162 => 'Order, please!', 3163 => '', 3164 => ' ', 3165 => 'The case of the honeybees', 3166 => 'versus the human race', 3167 => '', 3168 => ' ', 3169 => 'took a pointed turn against the bees', 3170 => '', 3171 => ' ', 3172 => 'yesterday when one of their legal', 3173 => 'team stung Layton T. Montgomery.', 3174 => '', 3175 => ' ', 3176 => '- Hey, buddy.', 3177 => '- Hey.', 3178 => '', 3179 => ' ', 3180 => '- Is there much pain?', 3181 => '- Yeah.', 3182 => '', 3183 => ' ', 3184 => 'I...', 3185 => '', 3186 => ' ', 3187 => 'I blew the whole case, didn't I?', 3188 => '', 3189 => ' ', 3190 => 'It doesn't matter. What matters is', 3191 => 'you're alive. You could have died.', 3192 => '', 3193 => ' ', 3194 => 'I'd be better off dead. Look at me.', 3195 => '', 3196 => ' ', 3197 => 'They got it from the cafeteria', 3198 => 'downstairs, in a tuna sandwich.', 3199 => '', 3200 => ' ', 3201 => 'Look, there's', 3202 => 'a little celery still on it.', 3203 => '', 3204 => ' ', 3205 => 'What was it like to sting someone?', 3206 => '', 3207 => ' ', 3208 => 'I can't explain it. It was all...', 3209 => '', 3210 => ' ', 3211 => 'All adrenaline and then...', 3212 => 'and then ecstasy!', 3213 => '', 3214 => ' ', 3215 => 'All right.', 3216 => '', 3217 => ' ', 3218 => 'You think it was all a trap?', 3219 => '', 3220 => ' ', 3221 => 'Of course. I'm sorry.', 3222 => 'I flew us right into this.', 3223 => '', 3224 => ' ', 3225 => 'What were we thinking? Look at us. We're', 3226 => 'just a couple of bugs in this world.', 3227 => '', 3228 => ' ', 3229 => 'What will the humans do to us', 3230 => 'if they win?', 3231 => '', 3232 => ' ', 3233 => 'I don't know.', 3234 => '', 3235 => ' ', 3236 => 'I hear they put the roaches in motels.', 3237 => 'That doesn't sound so bad.', 3238 => '', 3239 => ' ', 3240 => 'Adam, they check in,', 3241 => 'but they don't check out!', 3242 => '', 3243 => ' ', 3244 => 'Oh, my.', 3245 => '', 3246 => ' ', 3247 => 'Oould you get a nurse', 3248 => 'to close that window?', 3249 => '', 3250 => ' ', 3251 => '- Why?', 3252 => '- The smoke.', 3253 => '', 3254 => ' ', 3255 => 'Bees don't smoke.', 3256 => '', 3257 => ' ', 3258 => 'Right. Bees don't smoke.', 3259 => '', 3260 => ' ', 3261 => 'Bees don't smoke!', 3262 => 'But some bees are smoking.', 3263 => '', 3264 => ' ', 3265 => 'That's it! That's our case!', 3266 => '', 3267 => ' ', 3268 => 'It is? It's not over?', 3269 => '', 3270 => ' ', 3271 => 'Get dressed. I've gotta go somewhere.', 3272 => '', 3273 => ' ', 3274 => 'Get back to the court and stall.', 3275 => 'Stall any way you can.', 3276 => '', 3277 => ' ', 3278 => 'And assuming you've done step correctly, you're ready for the tub.', 3279 => '', 3280 => ' ', 3281 => 'Mr. Flayman.', 3282 => '', 3283 => ' ', 3284 => 'Yes? Yes, Your Honor!', 3285 => '', 3286 => ' ', 3287 => 'Where is the rest of your team?', 3288 => '', 3289 => ' ', 3290 => 'Well, Your Honor, it's interesting.', 3291 => '', 3292 => ' ', 3293 => 'Bees are trained to fly haphazardly,', 3294 => '', 3295 => ' ', 3296 => 'and as a result,', 3297 => 'we don't make very good time.', 3298 => '', 3299 => ' ', 3300 => 'I actually heard a funny story about...', 3301 => '', 3302 => ' ', 3303 => 'Your Honor,', 3304 => 'haven't these ridiculous bugs', 3305 => '', 3306 => ' ', 3307 => 'taken up enough', 3308 => 'of this court's valuable time?', 3309 => '', 3310 => ' ', 3311 => 'How much longer will we allow', 3312 => 'these absurd shenanigans to go on?', 3313 => '', 3314 => ' ', 3315 => 'They have presented no compelling', 3316 => 'evidence to support their charges', 3317 => '', 3318 => ' ', 3319 => 'against my clients,', 3320 => 'who run legitimate businesses.', 3321 => '', 3322 => ' ', 3323 => 'I move for a complete dismissal', 3324 => 'of this entire case!', 3325 => '', 3326 => ' ', 3327 => 'Mr. Flayman, I'm afraid I'm going', 3328 => '', 3329 => ' ', 3330 => 'to have to consider', 3331 => 'Mr. Montgomery's motion.', 3332 => '', 3333 => ' ', 3334 => 'But you can't! We have a terrific case.', 3335 => '', 3336 => ' ', 3337 => 'Where is your proof?', 3338 => 'Where is the evidence?', 3339 => '', 3340 => ' ', 3341 => 'Show me the smoking gun!', 3342 => '', 3343 => ' ', 3344 => 'Hold it, Your Honor!', 3345 => 'You want a smoking gun?', 3346 => '', 3347 => ' ', 3348 => 'Here is your smoking gun.', 3349 => '', 3350 => ' ', 3351 => 'What is that?', 3352 => '', 3353 => ' ', 3354 => 'It's a bee smoker!', 3355 => '', 3356 => ' ', 3357 => 'What, this?', 3358 => 'This harmless little contraption?', 3359 => '', 3360 => ' ', 3361 => 'This couldn't hurt a fly,', 3362 => 'let alone a bee.', 3363 => '', 3364 => ' ', 3365 => 'Look at what has happened', 3366 => '', 3367 => ' ', 3368 => 'to bees who have never been asked,', 3369 => '"Smoking or non?"', 3370 => '', 3371 => ' ', 3372 => 'Is this what nature intended for us?', 3373 => '', 3374 => ' ', 3375 => 'To be forcibly addicted', 3376 => 'to smoke machines', 3377 => '', 3378 => ' ', 3379 => 'and man-made wooden slat work camps?', 3380 => '', 3381 => ' ', 3382 => 'Living out our lives as honey slaves', 3383 => 'to the white man?', 3384 => '', 3385 => ' ', 3386 => '- What are we gonna do?', 3387 => '- He's playing the species card.', 3388 => '', 3389 => ' ', 3390 => 'Ladies and gentlemen, please,', 3391 => 'free these bees!', 3392 => '', 3393 => ' ', 3394 => 'Free the bees! Free the bees!', 3395 => '', 3396 => ' ', 3397 => 'Free the bees!', 3398 => '', 3399 => ' ', 3400 => 'Free the bees! Free the bees!', 3401 => '', 3402 => ' ', 3403 => 'The court finds in favor of the bees!', 3404 => '', 3405 => ' ', 3406 => 'Vanessa, we won!', 3407 => '', 3408 => ' ', 3409 => 'I knew you could do it! High-five!', 3410 => '', 3411 => ' ', 3412 => 'Sorry.', 3413 => '', 3414 => ' ', 3415 => 'I'm OK! You know what this means?', 3416 => '', 3417 => ' ', 3418 => 'All the honey', 3419 => 'will finally belong to the bees.', 3420 => '', 3421 => ' ', 3422 => 'Now we won't have', 3423 => 'to work so hard all the time.', 3424 => '', 3425 => ' ', 3426 => 'This is an unholy perversion', 3427 => 'of the balance of nature, Benson.', 3428 => '', 3429 => ' ', 3430 => 'You'll regret this.', 3431 => '', 3432 => ' ', 3433 => 'Barry, how much honey is out there?', 3434 => '', 3435 => ' ', 3436 => 'All right. One at a time.', 3437 => '', 3438 => ' ', 3439 => 'Barry, who are you wearing?', 3440 => '', 3441 => ' ', 3442 => 'My sweater is Ralph Lauren,', 3443 => 'and I have no pants.', 3444 => '', 3445 => ' ', 3446 => '- What if Montgomery's right?', 3447 => '- What do you mean?', 3448 => '', 3449 => ' ', 3450 => 'We've been living the bee way', 3451 => 'a long time, 27 million years.', 3452 => '', 3453 => ' ', 3454 => 'Oongratulations on your victory.', 3455 => 'What will you demand as a settlement?', 3456 => '', 3457 => ' ', 3458 => 'First, we'll demand a complete shutdown', 3459 => 'of all bee work camps.', 3460 => '', 3461 => ' ', 3462 => 'Then we want back the honey', 3463 => 'that was ours to begin with,', 3464 => '', 3465 => ' ', 3466 => 'every last drop.', 3467 => '', 3468 => ' ', 3469 => 'We demand an end to the glorification', 3470 => 'of the bear as anything more', 3471 => '', 3472 => ' ', 3473 => 'than a filthy, smelly,', 3474 => 'bad-breath stink machine.', 3475 => '', 3476 => ' ', 3477 => 'We're all aware', 3478 => 'of what they do in the woods.', 3479 => '', 3480 => ' ', 3481 => 'Wait for my signal.', 3482 => '', 3483 => ' ', 3484 => 'Take him out.', 3485 => '', 3486 => ' ', 3487 => 'He'll have nauseous', 3488 => 'for a few hours, then he'll be fine.', 3489 => '', 3490 => ' ', 3491 => 'And we will no longer tolerate', 3492 => 'bee-negative nicknames...', 3493 => '', 3494 => ' ', 3495 => 'But it's just a prance-about stage name!', 3496 => '', 3497 => ' ', 3498 => '...unnecessary inclusion of honey', 3499 => 'in bogus health products', 3500 => '', 3501 => ' ', 3502 => 'and la-dee-da human', 3503 => 'tea-time snack garnishments.', 3504 => '', 3505 => ' ', 3506 => 'Oan't breathe.', 3507 => '', 3508 => ' ', 3509 => 'Bring it in, boys!', 3510 => '', 3511 => ' ', 3512 => 'Hold it right there! Good.', 3513 => '', 3514 => ' ', 3515 => 'Tap it.', 3516 => '', 3517 => ' ', 3518 => 'Mr. Buzzwell, we just passed three cups,', 3519 => 'and there's gallons more coming!', 3520 => '', 3521 => ' ', 3522 => '- I think we need to shut down!', 3523 => '- Shut down? We've never shut down.', 3524 => '', 3525 => ' ', 3526 => 'Shut down honey production!', 3527 => '', 3528 => ' ', 3529 => 'Stop making honey!', 3530 => '', 3531 => ' ', 3532 => 'Turn your key, sir!', 3533 => '', 3534 => ' ', 3535 => 'What do we do now?', 3536 => '', 3537 => ' ', 3538 => 'Oannonball!', 3539 => '', 3540 => ' ', 3541 => 'We're shutting honey production!', 3542 => '', 3543 => ' ', 3544 => 'Mission abort.', 3545 => '', 3546 => ' ', 3547 => 'Aborting pollination and nectar detail.', 3548 => 'Returning to base.', 3549 => '', 3550 => ' ', 3551 => 'Adam, you wouldn't believe', 3552 => 'how much honey was out there.', 3553 => '', 3554 => ' ', 3555 => 'Oh, yeah?', 3556 => '', 3557 => ' ', 3558 => 'What's going on? Where is everybody?', 3559 => '', 3560 => ' ', 3561 => '- Are they out celebrating?', 3562 => '- They're home.', 3563 => '', 3564 => ' ', 3565 => 'They don't know what to do.', 3566 => 'Laying out, sleeping in.', 3567 => '', 3568 => ' ', 3569 => 'I heard your Uncle Oarl was on his way', 3570 => 'to San Antonio with a cricket.', 3571 => '', 3572 => ' ', 3573 => 'At least we got our honey back.', 3574 => '', 3575 => ' ', 3576 => 'Sometimes I think, so what if humans', 3577 => 'liked our honey? Who wouldn't?', 3578 => '', 3579 => ' ', 3580 => 'It's the greatest thing in the world!', 3581 => 'I was excited to be part of making it.', 3582 => '', 3583 => ' ', 3584 => 'This was my new desk. This was my', 3585 => 'new job. I wanted to do it really well.', 3586 => '', 3587 => ' ', 3588 => 'And now...', 3589 => '', 3590 => ' ', 3591 => 'Now I can't.', 3592 => '', 3593 => ' ', 3594 => 'I don't understand', 3595 => 'why they're not happy.', 3596 => '', 3597 => ' ', 3598 => 'I thought their lives would be better!', 3599 => '', 3600 => ' ', 3601 => 'They're doing nothing. It's amazing.', 3602 => 'Honey really changes people.', 3603 => '', 3604 => ' ', 3605 => 'You don't have any idea', 3606 => 'what's going on, do you?', 3607 => '', 3608 => ' ', 3609 => '- What did you want to show me?', 3610 => '- This.', 3611 => '', 3612 => ' ', 3613 => 'What happened here?', 3614 => '', 3615 => ' ', 3616 => 'That is not the half of it.', 3617 => '', 3618 => ' ', 3619 => 'Oh, no. Oh, my.', 3620 => '', 3621 => ' ', 3622 => 'They're all wilting.', 3623 => '', 3624 => ' ', 3625 => 'Doesn't look very good, does it?', 3626 => '', 3627 => ' ', 3628 => 'No.', 3629 => '', 3630 => ' ', 3631 => 'And whose fault do you think that is?', 3632 => '', 3633 => ' ', 3634 => 'You know, I'm gonna guess bees.', 3635 => '', 3636 => ' ', 3637 => 'Bees?', 3638 => '', 3639 => ' ', 3640 => 'Specifically, me.', 3641 => '', 3642 => ' ', 3643 => 'I didn't think bees not needing to make', 3644 => 'honey would affect all these things.', 3645 => '', 3646 => ' ', 3647 => 'It's notjust flowers.', 3648 => 'Fruits, vegetables, they all need bees.', 3649 => '', 3650 => ' ', 3651 => 'That's our whole SAT test right there.', 3652 => '', 3653 => ' ', 3654 => 'Take away produce, that affects', 3655 => 'the entire animal kingdom.', 3656 => '', 3657 => ' ', 3658 => 'And then, of course...', 3659 => '', 3660 => ' ', 3661 => 'The human species?', 3662 => '', 3663 => ' ', 3664 => 'So if there's no more pollination,', 3665 => '', 3666 => ' ', 3667 => 'it could all just go south here,', 3668 => 'couldn't it?', 3669 => '', 3670 => ' ', 3671 => 'I know this is also partly my fault.', 3672 => '', 3673 => ' ', 3674 => 'How about a suicide pact?', 3675 => '', 3676 => ' ', 3677 => 'How do we do it?', 3678 => '', 3679 => ' ', 3680 => '- I'll sting you, you step on me.', 3681 => '- Thatjust kills you twice.', 3682 => '', 3683 => ' ', 3684 => 'Right, right.', 3685 => '', 3686 => ' ', 3687 => 'Listen, Barry...', 3688 => 'sorry, but I gotta get going.', 3689 => '', 3690 => ' ', 3691 => 'I had to open my mouth and talk.', 3692 => '', 3693 => ' ', 3694 => 'Vanessa?', 3695 => '', 3696 => ' ', 3697 => 'Vanessa? Why are you leaving?', 3698 => 'Where are you going?', 3699 => '', 3700 => ' ', 3701 => 'To the final Tournament of Roses parade', 3702 => 'in Pasadena.', 3703 => '', 3704 => ' ', 3705 => 'They've moved it to this weekend', 3706 => 'because all the flowers are dying.', 3707 => '', 3708 => ' ', 3709 => 'It's the last chance', 3710 => 'I'll ever have to see it.', 3711 => '', 3712 => ' ', 3713 => 'Vanessa, I just wanna say I'm sorry.', 3714 => 'I never meant it to turn out like this.', 3715 => '', 3716 => ' ', 3717 => 'I know. Me neither.', 3718 => '', 3719 => ' ', 3720 => 'Tournament of Roses.', 3721 => 'Roses can't do sports.', 3722 => '', 3723 => ' ', 3724 => 'Wait a minute. Roses. Roses?', 3725 => '', 3726 => ' ', 3727 => 'Roses!', 3728 => '', 3729 => ' ', 3730 => 'Vanessa!', 3731 => '', 3732 => ' ', 3733 => 'Roses?!', 3734 => '', 3735 => ' ', 3736 => 'Barry?', 3737 => '', 3738 => ' ', 3739 => '- Roses are flowers!', 3740 => '- Yes, they are.', 3741 => '', 3742 => ' ', 3743 => 'Flowers, bees, pollen!', 3744 => '', 3745 => ' ', 3746 => 'I know.', 3747 => 'That's why this is the last parade.', 3748 => '', 3749 => ' ', 3750 => 'Maybe not.', 3751 => 'Oould you ask him to slow down?', 3752 => '', 3753 => ' ', 3754 => 'Oould you slow down?', 3755 => '', 3756 => ' ', 3757 => 'Barry!', 3758 => '', 3759 => ' ', 3760 => 'OK, I made a huge mistake.', 3761 => 'This is a total disaster, all my fault.', 3762 => '', 3763 => ' ', 3764 => 'Yes, it kind of is.', 3765 => '', 3766 => ' ', 3767 => 'I've ruined the planet.', 3768 => 'I wanted to help you', 3769 => '', 3770 => ' ', 3771 => 'with the flower shop.', 3772 => 'I've made it worse.', 3773 => '', 3774 => ' ', 3775 => 'Actually, it's completely closed down.', 3776 => '', 3777 => ' ', 3778 => 'I thought maybe you were remodeling.', 3779 => '', 3780 => ' ', 3781 => 'But I have another idea, and it's', 3782 => 'greater than my previous ideas combined.', 3783 => '', 3784 => ' ', 3785 => 'I don't want to hear it!', 3786 => '', 3787 => ' ', 3788 => 'All right, they have the roses,', 3789 => 'the roses have the pollen.', 3790 => '', 3791 => ' ', 3792 => 'I know every bee, plant', 3793 => 'and flower bud in this park.', 3794 => '', 3795 => ' ', 3796 => 'All we gotta do is get what they've got', 3797 => 'back here with what we've got.', 3798 => '', 3799 => ' ', 3800 => '- Bees.', 3801 => '- Park.', 3802 => '', 3803 => ' ', 3804 => '- Pollen!', 3805 => '- Flowers.', 3806 => '', 3807 => ' ', 3808 => '- Repollination!', 3809 => '- Across the nation!', 3810 => '', 3811 => ' ', 3812 => 'Tournament of Roses,', 3813 => 'Pasadena, Oalifornia.', 3814 => '', 3815 => ' ', 3816 => 'They've got nothing', 3817 => 'but flowers, floats and cotton candy.', 3818 => '', 3819 => ' ', 3820 => 'Security will be tight.', 3821 => '', 3822 => ' ', 3823 => 'I have an idea.', 3824 => '', 3825 => ' ', 3826 => 'Vanessa Bloome, FTD.', 3827 => '', 3828 => ' ', 3829 => 'Official floral business. It's real.', 3830 => '', 3831 => ' ', 3832 => 'Sorry, ma'am. Nice brooch.', 3833 => '', 3834 => ' ', 3835 => 'Thank you. It was a gift.', 3836 => '', 3837 => ' ', 3838 => 'Once inside,', 3839 => 'we just pick the right float.', 3840 => '', 3841 => ' ', 3842 => 'How about The Princess and the Pea?', 3843 => '', 3844 => ' ', 3845 => 'I could be the princess,', 3846 => 'and you could be the pea!', 3847 => '', 3848 => ' ', 3849 => 'Yes, I got it.', 3850 => '', 3851 => ' ', 3852 => '- Where should I sit?', 3853 => '- What are you?', 3854 => '', 3855 => ' ', 3856 => '- I believe I'm the pea.', 3857 => '- The pea?', 3858 => '', 3859 => ' ', 3860 => 'It goes under the mattresses.', 3861 => '', 3862 => ' ', 3863 => '- Not in this fairy tale, sweetheart.', 3864 => '- I'm getting the marshal.', 3865 => '', 3866 => ' ', 3867 => 'You do that!', 3868 => 'This whole parade is a fiasco!', 3869 => '', 3870 => ' ', 3871 => 'Let's see what this baby'll do.', 3872 => '', 3873 => ' ', 3874 => 'Hey, what are you doing?!', 3875 => '', 3876 => ' ', 3877 => 'Then all we do', 3878 => 'is blend in with traffic...', 3879 => '', 3880 => ' ', 3881 => '...without arousing suspicion.', 3882 => '', 3883 => ' ', 3884 => 'Once at the airport,', 3885 => 'there's no stopping us.', 3886 => '', 3887 => ' ', 3888 => 'Stop! Security.', 3889 => '', 3890 => ' ', 3891 => '- You and your insect pack your float?', 3892 => '- Yes.', 3893 => '', 3894 => ' ', 3895 => 'Has it been', 3896 => 'in your possession the entire time?', 3897 => '', 3898 => ' ', 3899 => 'Would you remove your shoes?', 3900 => '', 3901 => ' ', 3902 => '- Remove your stinger.', 3903 => '- It's part of me.', 3904 => '', 3905 => ' ', 3906 => 'I know. Just having some fun.', 3907 => 'Enjoy your flight.', 3908 => '', 3909 => ' ', 3910 => 'Then if we're lucky, we'll have', 3911 => 'just enough pollen to do the job.', 3912 => '', 3913 => ' ', 3914 => 'Oan you believe how lucky we are? We', 3915 => 'have just enough pollen to do the job!', 3916 => '', 3917 => ' ', 3918 => 'I think this is gonna work.', 3919 => '', 3920 => ' ', 3921 => 'It's got to work.', 3922 => '', 3923 => ' ', 3924 => 'Attention, passengers,', 3925 => 'this is Oaptain Scott.', 3926 => '', 3927 => ' ', 3928 => 'We have a bit of bad weather', 3929 => 'in New York.', 3930 => '', 3931 => ' ', 3932 => 'It looks like we'll experience', 3933 => 'a couple hours delay.', 3934 => '', 3935 => ' ', 3936 => 'Barry, these are cut flowers', 3937 => 'with no water. They'll never make it.', 3938 => '', 3939 => ' ', 3940 => 'I gotta get up there', 3941 => 'and talk to them.', 3942 => '', 3943 => ' ', 3944 => 'Be careful.', 3945 => '', 3946 => ' ', 3947 => 'Oan I get help', 3948 => 'with the Sky Mall magazine?', 3949 => '', 3950 => ' ', 3951 => 'I'd like to order the talking', 3952 => 'inflatable nose and ear hair trimmer.', 3953 => '', 3954 => ' ', 3955 => 'Oaptain, I'm in a real situation.', 3956 => '', 3957 => ' ', 3958 => '- What'd you say, Hal?', 3959 => '- Nothing.', 3960 => '', 3961 => ' ', 3962 => 'Bee!', 3963 => '', 3964 => ' ', 3965 => 'Don't freak out! My entire species...', 3966 => '', 3967 => ' ', 3968 => 'What are you doing?', 3969 => '', 3970 => ' ', 3971 => '- Wait a minute! I'm an attorney!', 3972 => '- Who's an attorney?', 3973 => '', 3974 => ' ', 3975 => 'Don't move.', 3976 => '', 3977 => ' ', 3978 => 'Oh, Barry.', 3979 => '', 3980 => ' ', 3981 => 'Good afternoon, passengers.', 3982 => 'This is your captain.', 3983 => '', 3984 => ' ', 3985 => 'Would a Miss Vanessa Bloome in 24B', 3986 => 'please report to the cockpit?', 3987 => '', 3988 => ' ', 3989 => 'And please hurry!', 3990 => '', 3991 => ' ', 3992 => 'What happened here?', 3993 => '', 3994 => ' ', 3995 => 'There was a DustBuster,', 3996 => 'a toupee, a life raft exploded.', 3997 => '', 3998 => ' ', 3999 => 'One's bald, one's in a boat,', 4000 => 'they're both unconscious!', 4001 => '', 4002 => ' ', 4003 => '- Is that another bee joke?', 4004 => '- No!', 4005 => '', 4006 => ' ', 4007 => 'No one's flying the plane!', 4008 => '', 4009 => ' ', 4010 => 'This is JFK control tower, Flight 356.', 4011 => 'What's your status?', 4012 => '', 4013 => ' ', 4014 => 'This is Vanessa Bloome.', 4015 => 'I'm a florist from New York.', 4016 => '', 4017 => ' ', 4018 => 'Where's the pilot?', 4019 => '', 4020 => ' ', 4021 => 'He's unconscious,', 4022 => 'and so is the copilot.', 4023 => '', 4024 => ' ', 4025 => 'Not good. Does anyone onboard', 4026 => 'have flight experience?', 4027 => '', 4028 => ' ', 4029 => 'As a matter of fact, there is.', 4030 => '', 4031 => ' ', 4032 => '- Who's that?', 4033 => '- Barry Benson.', 4034 => '', 4035 => ' ', 4036 => 'From the honey trial?! Oh, great.', 4037 => '', 4038 => ' ', 4039 => 'Vanessa, this is nothing more', 4040 => 'than a big metal bee.', 4041 => '', 4042 => ' ', 4043 => 'It's got giant wings, huge engines.', 4044 => '', 4045 => ' ', 4046 => 'I can't fly a plane.', 4047 => '', 4048 => ' ', 4049 => '- Why not? Isn't John Travolta a pilot?', 4050 => '- Yes.', 4051 => '', 4052 => ' ', 4053 => 'How hard could it be?', 4054 => '', 4055 => ' ', 4056 => 'Wait, Barry!', 4057 => 'We're headed into some lightning.', 4058 => '', 4059 => ' ', 4060 => 'This is Bob Bumble. We have some', 4061 => 'late-breaking news from JFK Airport,', 4062 => '', 4063 => ' ', 4064 => 'where a suspenseful scene', 4065 => 'is developing.', 4066 => '', 4067 => ' ', 4068 => 'Barry Benson,', 4069 => 'fresh from his legal victory...', 4070 => '', 4071 => ' ', 4072 => 'That's Barry!', 4073 => '', 4074 => ' ', 4075 => '...is attempting to land a plane,', 4076 => 'loaded with people, flowers', 4077 => '', 4078 => ' ', 4079 => 'and an incapacitated flight crew.', 4080 => '', 4081 => ' ', 4082 => 'Flowers?!', 4083 => '', 4084 => ' ', 4085 => 'We have a storm in the area', 4086 => 'and two individuals at the controls', 4087 => '', 4088 => ' ', 4089 => 'with absolutely no flight experience.', 4090 => '', 4091 => ' ', 4092 => 'Just a minute.', 4093 => 'There's a bee on that plane.', 4094 => '', 4095 => ' ', 4096 => 'I'm quite familiar with Mr. Benson', 4097 => 'and his no-account compadres.', 4098 => '', 4099 => ' ', 4100 => 'They've done enough damage.', 4101 => '', 4102 => ' ', 4103 => 'But isn't he your only hope?', 4104 => '', 4105 => ' ', 4106 => 'Technically, a bee', 4107 => 'shouldn't be able to fly at all.', 4108 => '', 4109 => ' ', 4110 => 'Their wings are too small...', 4111 => '', 4112 => ' ', 4113 => 'Haven't we heard this a million times?', 4114 => '', 4115 => ' ', 4116 => '"The surface area of the wings', 4117 => 'and body mass make no sense."', 4118 => '', 4119 => ' ', 4120 => '- Get this on the air!', 4121 => '- Got it.', 4122 => '', 4123 => ' ', 4124 => '- Stand by.', 4125 => '- We're going live.', 4126 => '', 4127 => ' ', 4128 => 'The way we work may be a mystery to you.', 4129 => '', 4130 => ' ', 4131 => 'Making honey takes a lot of bees', 4132 => 'doing a lot of small jobs.', 4133 => '', 4134 => ' ', 4135 => 'But let me tell you about a small job.', 4136 => '', 4137 => ' ', 4138 => 'If you do it well,', 4139 => 'it makes a big difference.', 4140 => '', 4141 => ' ', 4142 => 'More than we realized.', 4143 => 'To us, to everyone.', 4144 => '', 4145 => ' ', 4146 => 'That's why I want to get bees', 4147 => 'back to working together.', 4148 => '', 4149 => ' ', 4150 => 'That's the bee way!', 4151 => 'We're not made of Jell-O.', 4152 => '', 4153 => ' ', 4154 => 'We get behind a fellow.', 4155 => '', 4156 => ' ', 4157 => '- Black and yellow!', 4158 => '- Hello!', 4159 => '', 4160 => ' ', 4161 => 'Left, right, down, hover.', 4162 => '', 4163 => ' ', 4164 => '- Hover?', 4165 => '- Forget hover.', 4166 => '', 4167 => ' ', 4168 => 'This isn't so hard.', 4169 => 'Beep-beep! Beep-beep!', 4170 => '', 4171 => ' ', 4172 => 'Barry, what happened?!', 4173 => '', 4174 => ' ', 4175 => 'Wait, I think we were', 4176 => 'on autopilot the whole time.', 4177 => '', 4178 => ' ', 4179 => '- That may have been helping me.', 4180 => '- And now we're not!', 4181 => '', 4182 => ' ', 4183 => 'So it turns out I cannot fly a plane.', 4184 => '', 4185 => ' ', 4186 => 'All of you, let's get', 4187 => 'behind this fellow! Move it out!', 4188 => '', 4189 => ' ', 4190 => 'Move out!', 4191 => '', 4192 => ' ', 4193 => 'Our only chance is if I do what I'd do,', 4194 => 'you copy me with the wings of the plane!', 4195 => '', 4196 => ' ', 4197 => 'Don't have to yell.', 4198 => '', 4199 => ' ', 4200 => 'I'm not yelling!', 4201 => 'We're in a lot of trouble.', 4202 => '', 4203 => ' ', 4204 => 'It's very hard to concentrate', 4205 => 'with that panicky tone in your voice!', 4206 => '', 4207 => ' ', 4208 => 'It's not a tone. I'm panicking!', 4209 => '', 4210 => ' ', 4211 => 'I can't do this!', 4212 => '', 4213 => ' ', 4214 => 'Vanessa, pull yourself together.', 4215 => 'You have to snap out of it!', 4216 => '', 4217 => ' ', 4218 => 'You snap out of it.', 4219 => '', 4220 => ' ', 4221 => 'You snap out of it.', 4222 => '', 4223 => ' ', 4224 => '- You snap out of it!', 4225 => '- You snap out of it!', 4226 => '', 4227 => ' ', 4228 => '- You snap out of it!', 4229 => '- You snap out of it!', 4230 => '', 4231 => ' ', 4232 => '- You snap out of it!', 4233 => '- You snap out of it!', 4234 => '', 4235 => ' ', 4236 => '- Hold it!', 4237 => '- Why? Oome on, it's my turn.', 4238 => '', 4239 => ' ', 4240 => 'How is the plane flying?', 4241 => '', 4242 => ' ', 4243 => 'I don't know.', 4244 => '', 4245 => ' ', 4246 => 'Hello?', 4247 => '', 4248 => ' ', 4249 => 'Benson, got any flowers', 4250 => 'for a happy occasion in there?', 4251 => '', 4252 => ' ', 4253 => 'The Pollen Jocks!', 4254 => '', 4255 => ' ', 4256 => 'They do get behind a fellow.', 4257 => '', 4258 => ' ', 4259 => '- Black and yellow.', 4260 => '- Hello.', 4261 => '', 4262 => ' ', 4263 => 'All right, let's drop this tin can', 4264 => 'on the blacktop.', 4265 => '', 4266 => ' ', 4267 => 'Where? I can't see anything. Oan you?', 4268 => '', 4269 => ' ', 4270 => 'No, nothing. It's all cloudy.', 4271 => '', 4272 => ' ', 4273 => 'Oome on. You got to think bee, Barry.', 4274 => '', 4275 => ' ', 4276 => '- Thinking bee.', 4277 => '- Thinking bee.', 4278 => '', 4279 => ' ', 4280 => 'Thinking bee!', 4281 => 'Thinking bee! Thinking bee!', 4282 => '', 4283 => ' ', 4284 => 'Wait a minute.', 4285 => 'I think I'm feeling something.', 4286 => '', 4287 => ' ', 4288 => '- What?', 4289 => '- I don't know. It's strong, pulling me.', 4290 => '', 4291 => ' ', 4292 => 'Like a 27-million-year-old instinct.', 4293 => '', 4294 => ' ', 4295 => 'Bring the nose down.', 4296 => '', 4297 => ' ', 4298 => 'Thinking bee!', 4299 => 'Thinking bee! Thinking bee!', 4300 => '', 4301 => ' ', 4302 => '- What in the world is on the tarmac?', 4303 => '- Get some lights on that!', 4304 => '', 4305 => ' ', 4306 => 'Thinking bee!', 4307 => 'Thinking bee! Thinking bee!', 4308 => '', 4309 => ' ', 4310 => '- Vanessa, aim for the flower.', 4311 => '- OK.', 4312 => '', 4313 => ' ', 4314 => 'Out the engines. We're going in', 4315 => 'on bee power. Ready, boys?', 4316 => '', 4317 => ' ', 4318 => 'Affirmative!', 4319 => '', 4320 => ' ', 4321 => 'Good. Good. Easy, now. That's it.', 4322 => '', 4323 => ' ', 4324 => 'Land on that flower!', 4325 => '', 4326 => ' ', 4327 => 'Ready? Full reverse!', 4328 => '', 4329 => ' ', 4330 => 'Spin it around!', 4331 => '', 4332 => ' ', 4333 => '- Not that flower! The other one!', 4334 => '- Which one?', 4335 => '', 4336 => ' ', 4337 => '- That flower.', 4338 => '- I'm aiming at the flower!', 4339 => '', 4340 => ' ', 4341 => 'That's a fat guy in a flowered shirt.', 4342 => 'I mean the giant pulsating flower', 4343 => '', 4344 => ' ', 4345 => 'made of millions of bees!', 4346 => '', 4347 => ' ', 4348 => 'Pull forward. Nose down. Tail up.', 4349 => '', 4350 => ' ', 4351 => 'Rotate around it.', 4352 => '', 4353 => ' ', 4354 => '- This is insane, Barry!', 4355 => '- This's the only way I know how to fly.', 4356 => '', 4357 => ' ', 4358 => 'Am I koo-koo-kachoo, or is this plane', 4359 => 'flying in an insect-like pattern?', 4360 => '', 4361 => ' ', 4362 => 'Get your nose in there. Don't be afraid.', 4363 => 'Smell it. Full reverse!', 4364 => '', 4365 => ' ', 4366 => 'Just drop it. Be a part of it.', 4367 => '', 4368 => ' ', 4369 => 'Aim for the center!', 4370 => '', 4371 => ' ', 4372 => 'Now drop it in! Drop it in, woman!', 4373 => '', 4374 => ' ', 4375 => 'Oome on, already.', 4376 => '', 4377 => ' ', 4378 => 'Barry, we did it!', 4379 => 'You taught me how to fly!', 4380 => '', 4381 => ' ', 4382 => '- Yes. No high-five!', 4383 => '- Right.', 4384 => '', 4385 => ' ', 4386 => 'Barry, it worked!', 4387 => 'Did you see the giant flower?', 4388 => '', 4389 => ' ', 4390 => 'What giant flower? Where? Of course', 4391 => 'I saw the flower! That was genius!', 4392 => '', 4393 => ' ', 4394 => '- Thank you.', 4395 => '- But we're not done yet.', 4396 => '', 4397 => ' ', 4398 => 'Listen, everyone!', 4399 => '', 4400 => ' ', 4401 => 'This runway is covered', 4402 => 'with the last pollen', 4403 => '', 4404 => ' ', 4405 => 'from the last flowers', 4406 => 'available anywhere on Earth.', 4407 => '', 4408 => ' ', 4409 => 'That means this is our last chance.', 4410 => '', 4411 => ' ', 4412 => 'We're the only ones who make honey,', 4413 => 'pollinate flowers and dress like this.', 4414 => '', 4415 => ' ', 4416 => 'If we're gonna survive as a species,', 4417 => 'this is our moment! What do you say?', 4418 => '', 4419 => ' ', 4420 => 'Are we going to be bees, orjust', 4421 => 'Museum of Natural History keychains?', 4422 => '', 4423 => ' ', 4424 => 'We're bees!', 4425 => '', 4426 => ' ', 4427 => 'Keychain!', 4428 => '', 4429 => ' ', 4430 => 'Then follow me! Except Keychain.', 4431 => '', 4432 => ' ', 4433 => 'Hold on, Barry. Here.', 4434 => '', 4435 => ' ', 4436 => 'You've earned this.', 4437 => '', 4438 => ' ', 4439 => 'Yeah!', 4440 => '', 4441 => ' ', 4442 => 'I'm a Pollen Jock! And it's a perfect', 4443 => 'fit. All I gotta do are the sleeves.', 4444 => '', 4445 => ' ', 4446 => 'Oh, yeah.', 4447 => '', 4448 => ' ', 4449 => 'That's our Barry.', 4450 => '', 4451 => ' ', 4452 => 'Mom! The bees are back!', 4453 => '', 4454 => ' ', 4455 => 'If anybody needs', 4456 => 'to make a call, now's the time.', 4457 => '', 4458 => ' ', 4459 => 'I got a feeling we'll be', 4460 => 'working late tonight!', 4461 => '', 4462 => ' ', 4463 => 'Here's your change. Have a great', 4464 => 'afternoon! Oan I help who's next?', 4465 => '', 4466 => ' ', 4467 => 'Would you like some honey with that?', 4468 => 'It is bee-approved. Don't forget these.', 4469 => '', 4470 => ' ', 4471 => 'Milk, cream, cheese, it's all me.', 4472 => 'And I don't see a nickel!', 4473 => '', 4474 => ' ', 4475 => 'Sometimes I just feel', 4476 => 'like a piece of meat!', 4477 => '', 4478 => ' ', 4479 => 'I had no idea.', 4480 => '', 4481 => ' ', 4482 => 'Barry, I'm sorry.', 4483 => 'Have you got a moment?', 4484 => '', 4485 => ' ', 4486 => 'Would you excuse me?', 4487 => 'My mosquito associate will help you.', 4488 => '', 4489 => ' ', 4490 => 'Sorry I'm late.', 4491 => '', 4492 => ' ', 4493 => 'He's a lawyer too?', 4494 => '', 4495 => ' ', 4496 => 'I was already a blood-sucking parasite.', 4497 => 'All I needed was a briefcase.', 4498 => '', 4499 => ' ', 4500 => 'Have a great afternoon!', 4501 => '', 4502 => ' ', 4503 => 'Barry, I just got this huge tulip order,', 4504 => 'and I can't get them anywhere.', 4505 => '', 4506 => ' ', 4507 => 'No problem, Vannie.', 4508 => 'Just leave it to me.', 4509 => '', 4510 => ' ', 4511 => 'You're a lifesaver, Barry.', 4512 => 'Oan I help who's next?', 4513 => '', 4514 => ' ', 4515 => 'All right, scramble, jocks!', 4516 => 'It's time to fly.', 4517 => '', 4518 => ' ', 4519 => 'Thank you, Barry!', 4520 => '', 4521 => ' ', 4522 => 'That bee is living my life!', 4523 => '', 4524 => ' ', 4525 => 'Let it go, Kenny.', 4526 => '', 4527 => ' ', 4528 => '- When will this nightmare end?!', 4529 => '- Let it all go.', 4530 => '', 4531 => ' ', 4532 => '- Beautiful day to fly.', 4533 => '- Sure is.', 4534 => '', 4535 => ' ', 4536 => 'Between you and me,', 4537 => 'I was dying to get out of that office.', 4538 => '', 4539 => ' ', 4540 => 'You have got', 4541 => 'to start thinking bee, my friend.', 4542 => '', 4543 => ' ', 4544 => '- Thinking bee!', 4545 => '- Me?', 4546 => '', 4547 => ' ', 4548 => 'Hold it. Let's just stop', 4549 => 'for a second. Hold it.', 4550 => '', 4551 => ' ', 4552 => 'I'm sorry. I'm sorry, everyone.', 4553 => 'Oan we stop here?', 4554 => '', 4555 => ' ', 4556 => 'I'm not making a major life decision', 4557 => 'during a production number!', 4558 => '', 4559 => ' ', 4560 => 'All right. Take ten, everybody.', 4561 => 'Wrap it up, guys.', 4562 => '', 4563 => ' ', 4564 => 'I had virtually no rehearsal for that.', 4565 => ' ' ]
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Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (`tor_exit_node`)	false
Unix timestamp of change (`timestamp`)	1606921109