Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Central and North Asia
Appearance
Research into the predominant human Y-DNA haplogroups of Central Asia and North Asia, broken down according to both individual publications and ethnolinguistic groups, are summarized in the table below.
The first two columns of the table list ethnicity and linguistic affiliations, the third column cites the total sample size in each study, and the adjoining columns give the percentage of each haplogroup or subclade found sample in a particular sample.
List
[edit]Haplogroups (values in percent) | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population | Language | n | C | I | J | K*[1] (xNO,P) |
N | O2 | O (xO2) |
P* (xQ,R) |
Q | R1a | R1b/R1* | R2 | Others | Reference |
Altaians | Turkic | 98 | 22.4 | 0 | 3.0 | 17.3 | 46.9 | 0 | Tambets 2004[2] | |||||||
Altaians | Turkic | 92 | 13.0 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 0 | 7.6 | 28.3 | 41.3 | 1.1 | D = 3 | Derenko 2005[3] | ||||
Altaians (northern) | Turkic | 50 | 0 | 2 | 10 | 38 | 6 | Kharkov 07[4] | ||||||||
Altaians (southern) | Turkic | 96 | 3 | 2.1 | 4.2 | 5.2 | 11.5 | 7.3 | 1 | 4.2 | 53.1 | 1 | E = 1 | Kharkov 2007[4] | ||
Buryats | Mongolic | 238 | 63.9 | 0.4 | 0 | 8.8 | 20.2 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 2.1 | 0.8 | G = 0.4 | Derenko 2005[3] | |||
Chukchis | Chukotkan | 24 | 4.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 54.3 | 0 | 5 | 20.8 | 15.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Lell 2001[5] | |
Dolgans | Turkic | 67 | 37.3 | 1.5 | 34.1 | 16.4 | 1.5 | Tambets 2004[2] | ||||||||
Dungans | Sino-Tibetan | 40 | 2.5 | 12.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 40 | 5 | 0 | 7.5 | 10 | 5 | 5 | F(xIJ) = 5 | Wells 2001[6] | |
Evens | Tungusic | 31 | 74.2 | 3.2 | 12.9 | 0 | 6.5 | 0 | Tambets 2004[2] | |||||||
Evenks | Tungusic | 96 | 67.7 | 5.2 | 19.8 | 4.2 | 1 | 0 | Tambets 2004[2] | |||||||
Itelmens | Kamchatkan | 18 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 65 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Lell 2001[5] | |
Kalmyks | Mongolic | 68 | 70.6 | 0 | 0 | 4.4 | 2.9 | 11.8 | 5.9 | 2.9 | L = 1.5 | Derenko 2005[3] | ||||
Karakalpaks | Turkic | 44 | 22.7 | 0 | 9.1 | 6.8 | 2.3 | 11.4 | 0 | 0 | 18.2 | 9.1 | 6.8 | F(xIJ) = 9, L = 5 | Wells 2001[6] | |
Kazakhs | Turkic | 54 | 66.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.9 | 9.3 | 5.6 | 0 | 3.7 | 5.6 | 1.9 | D = 2, F(xIJ) = 2 | Wells 2001[6] | |
Kazakhs | Turkic | 30 | 40 | 13.3 | 10 | 10 | 3.3 | 6.7 | F(xIJ) = 17 | Karafet 2001[7] | ||||||
Kazakhs (more) | Turkic | 1982 | 40 | 1 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 0 | 2 | 7 | 6 | 1 | Maksat 2017[8] | |||
Kazakhs (Altai Republic) |
Turkic | 119 | 59.7 (C3) |
0 | 4.2 | 0 | 0 | 26.1 | 0 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 2.5 | 0 | G = 5, T = 0.8 | Dulik 2011[9] | |
Kets | Yeniseian | 48 | 6.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 93.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Tambets 2004[2] | ||
Khakas | Turkic | 53 | 5.7 | 3.8 | 0 | 5.7 | 41.5 | 7.6 | 28.3 | 7.6 | Derenko 2005[3] | |||||
Khants | Uralic | 47 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76.60% (36/47) |
0 | 0 | 0 | 4.26% (2/47) |
19.15% (9/47) |
0 | 0 | Tambets 2004[2] | |
Koryaks | Chukotkan | 27 | 22.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 59.2 | 0 | 18.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Lell 2001[5] | |
Kyrgyz | Turkic | 52 | 13.5 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 5.8 | 1.9 | 0 | 63.5 | 1.9 | 0 | O1 = 5.8 | Wells 2001[6] |
Mongolians | Mongolic | 65 | 53.8 | 3.1 | 1.5 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 1.5 | 4.6 | 9.2 | D = 1.5, O2 = 1.5 | Xue 2006[10] | ||||
Nenets | Uralic | 148 | 0 | 0 | 97.30% (144/148) |
1.35% (2/148) |
0 | 0 | Tambets 2004[2] | |||||||
Nganasans | Uralic | 38 | 5.26% (2/38) |
0 | 92.11% (35/38) |
0 | 0 | Tambets 2004[2] | ||||||||
Nivkhs | Nivkh (isolate) | 17 | 47 | 35 | Lell 2001[5] | |||||||||||
Pashtun(Afghan) | Indo-European | 87 | 1.1 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.2 | 0 | 2.2 | 56 | L = 6 G=13 | Cristofaro2013 [11] | ||
Romanis (Uzbekistan) | Indo-European | 15 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | H = 13 | Wells 2001[6] | |
Selkups | Uralic | 131 | 1.5 | 0 | 6.9 | 66.4 | 19.1 | 6.1 | Tambets 2004[2] | |||||||
Shors | Turkic | 51 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15.7 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 58.8 | 19.6 | 0 | F(xIJ) = 2 [3] | Derenko 2005[3] | |
Tajiks | Indo-European | 38 | 2.6 | 0 | 18.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44.7 | 0 | 7.9 | L = 8, H = 5, E = 3 |
Wells 2001[6] | |
Teleuts | Turkic | 47 | 8.5 | 4.3 | 2.1 | 0 | 10.6 | 0 | 55.3 | 12.8 | F(xIJ) = 6.4% [3] | Derenko 2005[3] | ||||
Tofalars | Turkic | 32 | 6.3 | 3.1 | 0 | 3.1 | 59.4 | 0 | 3.1 | 0 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 0 | 0 | Derenko 2005[3] | |
Turkmens | Turkic | 30 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 7 | 37 | 3 | F(xIJ) = 13 [11][12] | Wells 2001[6] | |
Tuvans | Turkic | 113 | 7.1 | 0.9 | 0 | 8.9 | 23.9 | 35.4 | 17.7 | G = 0.9; F(xIJ) = 3.5 [3] | Derenko 2005[3] | |||||
Tuvans | Turkic | 108 | 38.0 | 1.9 (R-M73) |
0 | Malyarchuk 2011[13] | ||||||||||
Uyghurs | Turkic | 70 | 4.3 | 11.4 | 7.1 | 8.6 | 11.4 | (see "Others") | (see "Others") | 18.6 | (see "Others") | (see "Others") | P(xR1a) = 17.1 | Xue 2006[10] | ||
Uyghurs | Turkic | 67 | 7.5 | 10.4 | 6.0 | 10.5 | 3.0 | (see "Others") | (see "Others") | (see "Others") | D3 = 4.5, G = 4.5, L = 4.5, R = 46.3 |
Hammer 2005[14] | ||||
Uyghurs | Turkic | 187 (four samples) | 5.3 | 0.35 | 15.7 | 5.0 | (see "Others") | 16.2 | 6.78 | 21.6 | 6.7 | 2.6 | D = 3.75, E= 2.1, G = 1.5, H = 3.15, L = 3.8, O(xO3) = 16.2, T = 0.5 |
Zhong 2010[15] | ||
Uzbeks | Turkic | 366 | 11.5 | 2.2 | 13.4 | 6.8 | 1.4 | 4.1 | 5.5 | 0 | 25.1 | 9.8 | 2.2 | F(xIJK) = 7.9, L = 3, E = 2, D = 2 |
Wells 2001[6] | |
Yaghnobis | Indo-European | 31 | 3 | 0 | 32 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 16 | 32 | 0 | L = 10 | Wells 2001[6] | |
Yakuts | Turkic | 155 | 3.2 | 1.3 | 88.4 | 0 | 1.9 | 1.9 | Tambets 2004[2] | |||||||
Yukaghir | Yukaghir | 13 | 31 (C3) |
0 | 0 | 0 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 0 | F(xIJ) = 8 | Duggan 2013[16] | |
Yupik | Eskimo–Aleut | 33 | 0 | 50.6 | 0 | 21.2 | 21.2 | 0 | Lell 2001[5] |
See also
[edit]- Y-DNA haplogroups in Kazakh tribes
- Demography of Central Asia
- Indigenous peoples of Siberia
- Y-DNA haplogroups by population
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Caucasus
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of South Asia
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of East and Southeast Asia
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Near East
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of North Africa
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Europe
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Oceania
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Sub-Saharan Africa
- Y-DNA haplogroups in indigenous peoples of the Americas
References
[edit]- ^ K(xNO,P) in these instances is probably a subclade of LT (K1) or a subclade of K2a(xNO).
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Tambets, Kristiina et al. 2004, The Western and Eastern Roots of the Saami—the Story of Genetic “Outliers” Told by Mitochondrial DNA and Y Chromosomes
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Miroslava Derenko et al. 2005, Contrasting patterns of Y-chromosome variation in South Siberian populations from Baikal and Altai-Sayan regions
- ^ a b Khar'kov, VN; Stepanov, VA; Medvedeva, OF; Spiridonova, MG; Voevoda, MI; Tadinova, VN; Puzyrev, VP (2007). "Gene pool differences between Northern and Southern Altaians inferred from the data on Y-chromosomal haplogroups". Genetika. 43 (5): 675–87. doi:10.1134/S1022795407050110. PMID 17633562. S2CID 566825.
- ^ a b c d e Lell, Jeffrey T. et al. 2001-2002, The Dual Origin and Siberian Affinities of Native American Y Chromosomes
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Wells, Spencer et al. 2001, The Eurasian Heartland: A continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity
- ^ Karafet Tatiana et al. 2001, Paternal Population History of East Asia: Sources, Patterns, and Microevolutionary Processes
- ^ Жабагин Максат Кизатович 2017, Анализ Связи Полиморфизма Y-хромосомы И Родоплеменной Структуры В Казахской Популяции Диссертация, Федеральное Государственное Бюджетное Учреждение, Науки Институт Общей Генетики Им. Н.И. Вавилова, Российской Академии Наук. Москва.
- ^ Dulik, Matthew C. et al. 2011, Y-Chromosome Variation in Altaian Kazakhs Reveals a Common Paternal Gene Pool for Kazakhs and the Influence of Mongolian Expansions
- ^ a b Xue, Yali et al. 2006 Male demography in East Asia: a north-south contrast in human population expansion times Archived September 6, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b J D Cristofaro et al., 2013, "Afghan Hindu Kush: Where Eurasian Sub-Continent Gene Flows Converge", http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0076748
- ^ Viola Grugni et al.,2012, "Ancient Migratory Events in the Middle East: New Clues from the Y-Chromosome Variation of Modern Iranians", http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0041252.
- ^ Malyarchuk, Boris et al. 2011, Ancient links between Siberians and Native Americans revealed by subtyping the Y chromosome haplogroup Q1a Archived November 3, 2013, at the Wayback Machine Journal of Human Genetics (2011) 56, 583–588
- ^ Michael F Hammer et al. 2005, Dual origins of the Japanese: common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes Journal of Human Genetics (2006) 51, 47–58; doi:10.1007/s10038-005-0322-0
- ^ Hua Zhong et al., 2010, "Extended Y-chromosome investigation suggests post-Glacial migrations of modern humans into East Asia via the northern route", Mol Biol Evol, doi: 10.1093/molbev/msq247.
- ^ Duggan AT, Whitten M, Wiebe V, Crawford M, Butthof A, et al. (2013) Investigating the Prehistory of Tungusic Peoples of Siberia and the Amur-Ussuri Region with Complete mtDNA Genome Sequences and Y-chromosomal Markers PLoS ONE 8(12): e83570. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083570