Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skrīaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *skrīaną

Etymology

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreyk-, *(s)kreyg- (“to scream, screech, caw”), Russian крик (krik)

Verb

*skrīaną

1. to caw, screech
2. to shout, scream, cry out

Conjugation

Conjugation of *skrīhaną (strong class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skrīhō	*skrīhaų	—	*skrīhai	?
2nd singular	*skrīhizi	*skrīhaiz	*skrīh	*skrīhazai	*skrīhaizau
3rd singular	*skrīhidi	*skrīhai	*skrīhadau	*skrīhadai	*skrīhaidau
1st dual	*skrīhōz	*skrīhaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*skrīhadiz	*skrīhaidiz	*skrīhadiz	—	—
1st plural	*skrīhamaz	*skrīhaim	—	*skrīhandai	*skrīhaindau
2nd plural	*skrīhid	*skrīhaid	*skrīhid	*skrīhandai	*skrīhaindau
3rd plural	*skrīhandi	*skrīhain	*skrīhandau	*skrīhandai	*skrīhaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skraih	*skrigį̄
2nd singular	*skraiht	*skrigīz
3rd singular	*skraih	*skrigī
1st dual	*skrigū	*skrigīw
2nd dual	*skrigudiz	*skrigīdiz
1st plural	*skrigum	*skrigīm
2nd plural	*skrigud	*skrigīd
3rd plural	*skrigun	*skrigīn
	present	past
participles	*skrīhandz	*skriganaz

Descendants

• Old English: scrīhan, scrēon
• Old Frisian: skrīa
• Old Saxon: *skrīhan
  • Middle Low German: schrîen
    • Low German: schrien
• Old Dutch: *skrīan
  • Middle Dutch: schrien
    • Dutch: (dialectal) schriën, schrieën
• Old High German: scrīan
  • Middle High German: schrīen
    • German: schreien
    • Yiddish: שרײַען (shrayen)
• Old Norse: *skría
  • Norwegian: skrike
  • Old Swedish: skrīa
    • Swedish: skria