Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þinhaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

(deprecated template usage)

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Indo-European *tenk- (“to be suitable”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈθĩː.xɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*þinhaną

1. to thrive

Inflection

Conjugation of *þinhaną (strong class 3)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*þinhō	*þinhaų	—	*þinhai	?
2nd singular	*þinhizi	*þinhaiz	*þinh	*þinhazai	*þinhaizau
3rd singular	*þinhidi	*þinhai	*þinhadau	*þinhadai	*þinhaidau
1st dual	*þinhōz	*þinhaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*þinhadiz	*þinhaidiz	*þinhadiz	—	—
1st plural	*þinhamaz	*þinhaim	—	*þinhandai	*þinhaindau
2nd plural	*þinhid	*þinhaid	*þinhid	*þinhandai	*þinhaindau
3rd plural	*þinhandi	*þinhain	*þinhandau	*þinhandai	*þinhaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*þanh	*þungį̄
2nd singular	*þanht	*þungīz
3rd singular	*þanh	*þungī
1st dual	*þungū	*þungīw
2nd dual	*þungudiz	*þungīdiz
1st plural	*þungum	*þungīm
2nd plural	*þungud	*þungīd
3rd plural	*þungun	*þungīn
	present	past
participles	*þinhandz	*þunganaz

Descendants

After -inh- had become -į̄h-, this verb was shifted to the first strong class by analogy in most daughter languages, but not in Old English. Old English also shows a secondary formation with leveling of Verner's alternation, probably back-formed to the lexicalized original past participle ġeþungen (“grown, thriven”).

• Old English: þīon, þēon, ġeþingan
  • Middle English: theen
    • Scots: thee, the
    • English: thee
• Old Frisian: thīgia
  • Saterland Frisian: tiegje
  • West Frisian: dije
• Old Saxon: thīhan
  • Middle Low German: dîen, dîgen
    • Low German: deen
    • German Low German: dejen
      • → Saterland Frisian: däie
• Old Dutch: thīan
  • Middle Dutch: diën
    • Dutch: dijen
• Old High German: thīhan, dīhan
  • Middle High German: dīhen
    • German: gedeihen, gediegen
    • Luxembourgish: gedeien
    • Yiddish: געדײַען (gedayen)
• Gothic: 𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌽 (þeihan)

References

• Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN