traer
Asturian
Verb
traer
- Alternative form of trayer
Conjugation
Galician
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old Galician-Portuguese traer (“to betray, deliver”), from Latin trahere, present active infinitive of trahō (“I pull, drag”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tragʰ- (“to draw, drag”), which is perhaps a variation of *dʰregʰ- (“to pull, draw, drag”).
Pronunciation
Verb
traer (first-person singular present traio, first-person singular preterite trouxen, past participle traído)
- to bring
- to wear
- 1845, Vicente Turnes, Diálogo entre Silvestre Cajaraville e Domingo Magariños:
- Estóu debendo na tenda
A chamarra que hoje trago
E o somonte dos calzós
Que ja estan feitos farrapos;- I owe to the shop
the coat I wear today
and the cloth of the pants,
which are already in tatters
- I owe to the shop
- (rare) to bear
- 1812, Antonio Benito Fandiño, A Casamenteira:
- Ai tontiño, porque iñoras
o qu’he mantér casa e vida,
que por ben que estea sortida,
hai faltas a todas horas.
O segundo, que teu pai
pensa com’home de ben,
e así por vergonza ten
unha nora que non trai.
Orasme, sobr’esto hai,
que a dous parizós que teña,
non tendes donde vos veña,
cando ela non colla un mal.- Oh, silly, because you don't know
what it is to keep house and life,
no matter how well stocked it is,
there's lack at all hours.
Second, your father
thinks like a good man,
and to his shame he has
a daughter-in-law who doesn't bear.
However, on this matter,
with just two childbirths that she has,
you'll be left resourceless,
and that if she doesn't get sick.
- Oh, silly, because you don't know
- (archaic) to betray; to deliver to the enemy
- 1460, Rui Vasques, edited by J. A. Souto Cabo, Choronica de Iria:
- Et alguus seus ynjmjgos por zelo de envidia diserõ a el rrey que el que queria traer o rreyno de Galiza, et o queria tirar a el rrey et darllo aos Jngreses et normanos, seus ynimjgos.
- And some people, enemies of him, because of envy told the king that he wanted to deliver the Kingdom of Galicia, that he wanted to take it from the king and give it to the Englishmen and the Normans, his enemies.
Conjugation
References
- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “traer”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “traer”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “traer”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “traer”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “traer”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
Further reading
- “traer”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, since 2012
Old Spanish
Etymology 1
From Latin trahō, trahere.
Verb
traer
- (transitive) to bring
- 1270 – 1284, Alfonso X, Estoria de España 2:[1]
- Desí el Rey assentosse en su siella & el çid dixo, "sennor, do mandades que me assiente con estos mios parientes & mios vassallos que aqui traxe comigo".
- And so the king sat on his chair, and the Cid said, "my lord, where do you order me to sit with my family and vassals, whom I brought here with me"?
- Desí el Rey assentosse en su siella & el çid dixo, "sennor, do mandades que me assiente con estos mios parientes & mios vassallos que aqui traxe comigo".
- (transitive) to drag something on the ground
- (transitive) to throw something, hurl
- (transitive) to carry something, wear (pieces of clothes)
- 1140 – 1207, anonymous, Cid 470-471:
- Mio çid Ruy diaz por las puertas entraua / En mano t͠ae deſnuda el eſpada
- My Cid, Ruy Díaz, was going in through the doors, and in his hand he carries his sword unsheathed
- Mio çid Ruy diaz por las puertas entraua / En mano t͠ae deſnuda el eſpada
- 1140 – 1207, anonymous, Cid 1587:
- Viſtios el ſobregonel luenga trahe la barba
- He put on his fine tunic, donning a long beard
- Viſtios el ſobregonel luenga trahe la barba
Descendants
- Spanish: traer
Etymology 2
From Latin trādō, trādere (“to hand something over; give up, abandon”), derived from dō, dare (“to give”).
Verb
traer
- (transitive, up to 13th century) to betray someone, be disloyal to
- 1251 – 1285, anonymous, Fuero de Úbeda :[2]
- Esto por tal es dicho: que muchas vezes conteçio que ay algunos que quieren traer la villa, & ffizieron ençendymiento que, demientre los omnes fuesen al fuego amatar, ellos abrieron las puertas & rresçibieron los enemjgos.
- This is said for the following reason: it has happened many times that there were some who wanted to betray the village, and so they started a fire, and as everyone went to stop the fire, they opened the gates and received the enemy.
- Esto por tal es dicho: que muchas vezes conteçio que ay algunos que quieren traer la villa, & ffizieron ençendymiento que, demientre los omnes fuesen al fuego amatar, ellos abrieron las puertas & rresçibieron los enemjgos.
References
- ^ Corpus diacrónico del español (CORDE), accessed 2021-02-20, citing an edition by Kasten, Lloyd A.; Nitti, John J.; Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies: Madison, 1995.
- ^ Corpus diacrónico del español (CORDE), accessed 2021-02-20, citing an edition by Cuadrado, Juan Gutiérrez; Universidad de Valencia: Valencia, 1979.
- (to bring): Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1983) “traer”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), volumes V (Ri–X), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 575
- (to betray): Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1984) “dar”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), volumes II (Ce–F), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 426
Spanish
Etymology
Inherited from Old Spanish traer, from Vulgar Latin *trāiēre, from Latin trahere (“to pull, drag”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tragʰ- (“to draw, drag”), which is perhaps a variant of *dʰregʰ- (“to pull, draw, drag”).
Pronunciation
Verb
traer (first-person singular present traigo, first-person singular preterite traje, past participle traído)
- to bring, to fetch
- Antonym: llevar
- ¿Qué te trae por aquí? ― What brings you here?
- Voy a traerle una cerveza ― I'm going to bring you a beer.
- to attract, draw, pull
- to bring about, cause, occasion
- to make (cause to be in or have a certain condition or state)
- Oye, me traes intranquilo. ― Listen, you make me restless.
- to wear (ellipsis of traer puesto)
- Synonym: (ellipsis of llevar puesto) llevar
- to bring forward, advance, adduce
- to make, compel, oblige
- to persuade
- to have, carry (in a publication, in stock)
- to include (have as a component, part, accessory or ingredient)
- Synonym: llevar
Usage notes
- Since, in the sense of "carry" or "move", traer and llevar indicate direction from or to a certain place, these verbs are antonyms in the origin and destination. Between certain places, however, they are used as synonyms.
Conjugation
infinitive | traer | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | trayendo | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | traído | traída | |||||
plural | traídos | traídas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | traigo | traestú traésvos |
trae | traemos | traéis | traen | |
imperfect | traía | traías | traía | traíamos | traíais | traían | |
preterite | traje | trajiste | trajo | trajimos | trajisteis | trajeron | |
future | traeré | traerás | traerá | traeremos | traeréis | traerán | |
conditional | traería | traerías | traería | traeríamos | traeríais | traerían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | traiga | traigastú traigásvos2 |
traiga | traigamos | traigáis | traigan | |
imperfect (ra) |
trajera | trajeras | trajera | trajéramos | trajerais | trajeran | |
imperfect (se) |
trajese | trajeses | trajese | trajésemos | trajeseis | trajesen | |
future1 | trajere | trajeres | trajere | trajéremos | trajereis | trajeren | |
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | traetú traévos |
traiga | traigamos | traed | traigan | ||
negative | no traigas | no traiga | no traigamos | no traigáis | no traigan |
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
Derived terms
Related terms
See also
Further reading
- “traer”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
- Asturian lemmas
- Asturian verbs
- Galician terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms derived from Latin
- Galician terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Galician terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Galician/eɾ
- Rhymes:Galician/eɾ/2 syllables
- Galician lemmas
- Galician verbs
- Galician verbs ending in -er
- Galician irregular verbs
- Galician terms with quotations
- Galician terms with rare senses
- Galician terms with archaic senses
- Old Spanish terms inherited from Latin
- Old Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Old Spanish lemmas
- Old Spanish verbs
- Old Spanish transitive verbs
- Old Spanish terms with quotations
- Spanish terms inherited from Old Spanish
- Spanish terms derived from Old Spanish
- Spanish terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Spanish terms inherited from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Spanish 2-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Spanish terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Spanish/eɾ
- Rhymes:Spanish/eɾ/2 syllables
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish verbs
- Spanish verbs ending in -er
- Spanish irregular verbs
- Spanish terms with usage examples