Cultus humanus
Civilizatio, Latino recepto humanus cultus et simpliciter humanitas, est societas humana vel cultura, usitate societas multiplex, quae agricultura utitur et in qua homines se in oppidis et urbibus conlocant.
Historia
Verbum civilizationis in scriptura populare academicaque saepe est synonyma latioris termini culturae.[1] Omnis homo est particeps culturae, quae in universum est "artes, consuetudines, usus, . . . opiniones, aestimationes, mores, et usus materiales qui populi modus vivendi componunt."[2] Nihilominus, sensu latissimo, civilizatio est nomen multiplicis culturae agriculturalis et urbanae. Civilizationes possunt distingui secundum eorum gradum complexitatis temporationisque socialis, et eorum gradum diversitatis actionum oeconomicarum et culturalium.
Sensu vetere sed iam saepe adhibito, terminus civilizationis potest adhiberi causa existimationis: ubi culturae multiplices et urbanae habentur meliores aliis culturis, "feris" vel "barbariis," notio civilizationis adhibetur pro "superioritate culturali (et saepe ethica) quorumdam gregum." Similiter, verbum civilizationis potest significare "elegantiam mentis, modorum, vel iudicii."[3]
Praehistoria
Mundus Vetus
- Sumer
- Orientalis Propincuus Antiquus
- Civilizatio Minoana
- Civilizatio Vallis Indi
- Armenia Praehistorica
- Aevum Helladicum
- Sina Antiqua
- Corea Antiqua
Mundus Nova
- Norte Chico, Caral, vel Caral-Supe Civilizatio
- Olmec
- Toltec
- Imperium Incanum
- Civilizatio Zapoteca
Antiquitas classicalis
- Mediterraneae Aevi Classicalis Civilizationes
- Graecia Antiqua et Hellenicae civilizatio
- Phoenicia
- Imperium Romanum
- Illyria
- La Tène Celti
- Civilizationes Mediae Orientalis
- Civilizatio Persica post Achaemenides
- Templum Alterum Iudaismus
- Civilizatio Phoeniciana
- Islamica Civilizationes
- Georgiana et Armeniana Civilizationes
- Hinduistica et Buddhistica Civilizationes
- Mauryana et Post-Mauryana Indica Civilizatio
- Imperium Guptanum in India Septentrionali
- Imperium Cholanum in India Meridionali
- Civilizationes Ceylon? Antiquae
- Civilizationes Asiae Orientalis
- Civilizationes Asiae Meridionalis et Orientalis
- Funan et Chen-la
- Angkor Cambodiae
- Srivijaya, Singhasari, et Majapahit
- Burmana, Thailandiensis, et Laoana
- Civilizatio Mediae Asiae
- Tibetana Civilizatio
- Turkica et Mongoliensis Civilizationes
- Civilizationes Europaeae
- Christianitas Occidentalis
- Byzantium et Christianitas Orientalis
- Russica Civilizatio
- Civilizationes Meso-Americanae
Notae
- ↑ "Civilisation," Encyclopaedia Britannica ed. 15 (1974), vol. 2:956.
- ↑ "Culture", Wiktionary, inventum 25 Augusti 2007.
- ↑ "Civilization," Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, editio 11, (Merriam-Webster, 2004), p. 226.
Vide etiam
Bibliographia
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