Dietary Reference Intakes Guiding Principles for Nutrition Labeling and Fortification (2003) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix C: Reference Tables
Pages 179-193

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From page 179...
... C Reference Tables 179
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From page 180...
... (�g/d) d Infants 7�12 mo Children 1�3 y 210 13 5 0.4 0.4 5 0.4 120 4�8 y 275 22 6 0.5 0.5 6 0.5 160 Males 9�13 y 445 39 9 0.7 0.8 9 0.8 250 14�18 y 630 63 12 1.0 1.1 12 1.1 330 19�30 y 625 75 12 1.0 1.1 12 1.1 320 31�50 y 625 75 12 1.0 1.1 12 1.1 320 51�70 y 625 75 12 1.0 1.1 12 1.4 320 > 70 y 625 75 12 1.0 1.1 12 1.4 320 Females 9�13 y 420 39 9 0.7 0.8 9 0.8 250 14�18 y 485 56 12 0.9 0.9 11 1.0 330 19�30 y 500 60 12 0.9 0.9 11 1.1 320 31�50 y 500 60 12 0.9 0.9 11 1.1 320 51�70 y 500 60 12 0.9 0.9 11 1.3 320 > 70 y 500 60 12 0.9 0.9 11 1.3 320 Pregnancy 14�18 y 530 66 12 1.2 1.2 14 1.6 520 19�30 y 550 70 12 1.2 1.2 14 1.6 520 31�50 y 550 70 12 1.2 1.2 14 1.6 520 Lactation 14�18 y 880 96 16 1.2 1.3 13 1.7 450 19�30 y 900 100 16 1.2 1.3 13 1.7 450 31�50 y 900 100 16 1.2 1.3 13 1.7 450 NOTE: This table presents EARs, which serve two purposes: for assessing adequacy of population intakes and as the basis for calculating Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs)
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From page 181...
... . 1 DFE = 1 �g food folate = 0.6 �g of folic acid from fortified food or as a supplement consumed with food = 0.5 �g of a supplement taken on an empty stomach.
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From page 182...
... For healthy breastfed infants, the AI is the mean intake. The AI for other life stage and gender groups is believed to cover needs of all individuals in the group, but lack of data or uncertainty in the data prevents being able to specify with confidence the percentage of individuals covered by this intake.
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From page 183...
... . 1 DFE = 1 �g food folate = 0.6 �g of folic acid from fortified food or as a supplement consumed with food = 0.5 �g of a supplement taken on an empty stomach.
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From page 184...
... For healthy infants fed human milk, the AI is the mean intake. The AI for other life stage and gender groups is believed to cover Table C-2 footnotes continued h Because 10 to 30 percent of older people may malabsorb food-bound B12, it is advisable for those older than 50 years to meet their RDA mainly by consuming foods fortified with B12 or a supplement containing B12.
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From page 185...
... jIt is assumed that women will continue consuming 400 �g from supplements or fortified food until their pregnancy is confirmed and they enter prenatal care, which ordinarily occurs after the end of the periconceptional period -- the critical time for formation of the neural tube.
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From page 186...
... For healthy infants fed human milk, the AI is the mean intake. The AI for other life stage and gender groups is believed to cover needs of all individuals in the group, but lack of data or uncertainty in the data prevents being able to specify with confidence the percentage of individuals covered by this intake.
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From page 187...
... n-3 polyunsaturated fatsa 0.6�1.2 0.6�1.2 0.6�1.2 (-linolenic acid) Carbohydrate 45�65 45�65 45�65 Protein 5�20 10�30 10�35 aApproximately 10% of the total can come from longer-chain n-3 fatty acids.
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From page 188...
... (mg/d) c,d min K Thiamin Infants 0�6 mo 600 NDf 25 ND ND ND 7�12 mo 600 ND 25 ND ND ND Children 1�3 y 600 400 50 200 ND ND 4�8 y 900 650 50 300 ND ND Males, Females 9�13 y 1,700 1,200 50 600 ND ND 14�18 y 2,800 1,800 50 800 ND ND 19�70 y 3,000 2,000 50 1,000 ND ND > 70 y 3,000 2,000 50 1,000 ND ND Pregnancy 14�18 y 2,800 1,800 50 800 ND ND 19�50 y 3,000 2,000 50 1,000 ND ND Lactation 14�18 y 2,800 1,800 50 800 ND ND 19�50 y 3,000 2,000 50 1,000 ND ND aUL = The maximum level of daily nutrient intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse effects.
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From page 189...
... enoidse ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 10 30 300 ND ND ND 1.0 ND ND 15 40 400 ND ND ND 1.0 ND ND 20 60 600 ND ND ND 2.0 ND ND 30 80 800 ND ND ND 3.0 ND ND 35 100 1,000 ND ND ND 3.5 ND ND 35 100 1,000 ND ND ND 3.5 ND ND 30 80 800 ND ND ND 3.0 ND ND 35 100 1,000 ND ND ND 3.5 ND ND 30 80 800 ND ND ND 3.0 ND ND 35 100 1,000 ND ND ND 3.5 ND d The ULs for vitamin E, niacin, and folate apply to synthetic forms obtained from supplements, fortified foods, or a combination of the two. e-Carotene supplements are advised only to serve as a provitamin A source for individuals at risk of vitamin A deficiency.
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From page 190...
... (mg/d) Infants 0�6 mo NDf ND ND ND ND 0.7 ND 40 7�12 mo ND ND ND ND ND 0.9 ND 40 Children 1�3 y ND 3 2.5 ND 1,000 1.3 200 40 4�8 y ND 6 2.5 ND 3,000 2.2 300 40 Males, Females 9�13 y ND 11 2.5 ND 5,000 10 600 40 14�18 y ND 17 2.5 ND 8,000 10 900 45 19�70 y ND 20 2.5 ND 10,000 10 1,100 45 > 70 y ND 20 2.5 ND 10,000 10 1,100 45 Pregnancy 14�18 y ND 17 2.5 ND 8,000 10 900 45 19�50 y ND 20 2.5 ND 10,000 10 1,100 45 Lactation 14�18 y ND 17 2.5 ND 8,000 10 900 45 19�50 y ND 20 2.5 ND 10,000 10 1,100 45 aUL = The maximum level of daily nutrient intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse effects.
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From page 191...
... eAlthough vanadium in food has not been shown to cause adverse effects in humans, there is no justification for adding vanadium to food and vanadium supplements should be used with caution. The UL is based on adverse effects in laboratory animals and this data could be used to set a UL for adults but not children and adolescents.
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From page 192...
... 192 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE C-8 Additional Macronutrient Recommendations Macronutrient Recommendation Dietary cholesterol As low as possible while consuming a nutritionally adequate diet Trans fatty acids As low as possible while consuming a nutritionally adequate diet Saturated fatty acids As low as possible while consuming a nutritionally adequate diet Added sugars Limit to no more than 25% of total energy SOURCE: IOM (2002a)
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From page 193...
... 18 Vitamin D International Unit (IU) 400 Vitamin E International Unit (IU)
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Key Terms

  • fortified foods
  • recommended intakes
  • dietary allowances
  • recommended dietary
  • mean intake

  • folate equivalents
  • occurs naturally
  • pantothenic acid
  • bold type
  • retinol activity

  • fatty acids
  • dietary folate
  • fortified food
  • type followed
  • activity equivalents

  • cause adverse
  • life stage
  • ordinary type
  • neural tube
  • includes rrr

  • adequate intakes
  • folate apply
  • linking folate
  • population intakes
  • varied diet

  • continue consuming
  • dri process
  • adding vanadium
  • prenatal care
  • breastfed infants


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